人工智能(英语译成汉语的)
阅读理解(任务型阅读)带解析(2018年中考英语试题分类汇编第三期)

阅读理解(任务型阅读)带解析(2018年中考英语试题分类汇编第三期)阅读理解(任务型阅读)1.【2018年浙江省金华】阅读下面短文,根据文中信息完成一张海报。
每空限填三词Doing "Clean "ExerciseWhen you go for a run outside, chances are that you'll find litter all around you. Do you just go past it, or do you stop and pick it up? If you choose the second, you're part of the latest popular sport in the West: plogging. The word “logging”is the Swedish phrase“plocka upp”(pick up)and the English word ”Jogging”(running slowly)put together.What a plogger needs is a rubbish bag and a pair of gloves to protect your hands. While collecting rubbish, loggers learn to classify (分类)and deal with it correctly, too.Plogging seems simple but it does a lot of good to both the environment and your health. It can not only make the world greener, but also get you full body exercise, For example, a 30-minute logging burns around 288 calories(卡路里),compared to 235 calories burnedfrom just jogging.So next time you go out jogging, why not carry a rubbish bag and collect some litter along the way? Your body and the environment will thank you.Let’s go___56___!The latest popular sport!Just need___57___and a pair of gloves!Correctly classify and ____58____ the rubbish!It's simple but helpful to ___59___ and your body! Make the world ___60___ and yourself a lot healthier! Join us now! The world says THANK YOU!【答案】56. plogging/doing clean exercise57. a rubbish bag58. deal with59. the environment60. greener/more beautiful【解析】文章介绍了一种新型的健身跑步方式。
人工智能的的名词解释

人工智能的的名词解释人工智能的名词解释人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,简称AI)是一个近年来备受瞩目的领域,它涉及到计算机科学、机器学习和认知科学等多个学科的交叉。
人工智能的定义并不唯一,因为它在不同的背景下有着不同的解释,但可以简单地理解为使计算机具备人类智能的能力。
首先,人工智能是一种仿生学的研究。
仿生学是通过对生物系统的研究和模仿,来开发出新的技术和方法。
人工智能从人类的智能行为中获取灵感,使得计算机可以像人类一样感知、推理和决策。
这种仿生学的研究方法使得人工智能可以实现像自然智能一样的功能。
其次,人工智能是一种机器学习的应用。
机器学习是一种自动控制系统,通过从数据中学习和改进来适应新的情况。
人工智能利用机器学习的方法,通过给计算机提供大量的数据和算法,让计算机能够自动发现数据中的模式和规律,并做出相应的决策。
这种机器学习的应用极大地拓展了人工智能的应用范围,使其不仅可以处理大规模的数据,还可以适用于不同的领域。
再者,人工智能是一种自然语言处理的技术。
自然语言处理是将人类的语言转换成机器可以理解和处理的形式的技术。
人工智能通过自然语言处理的方法,使得计算机可以理解人类的语言,并能够以自然语言进行交流。
这种技术的应用已经渗透到我们的日常生活中,比如语音识别、机器翻译和智能助理等。
另外,人工智能还涉及到计算机视觉的技术。
计算机视觉是通过计算机对图像和视频进行处理和分析,让计算机可以模拟人类的视觉系统。
人工智能通过计算机视觉的技术,可以识别图像中的物体、人脸和文字等,并能够做出相应的反应。
这种技术的发展不仅为医学诊断、智能交通和安防等领域带来了巨大的进步,也为人工智能的发展提供了更多的可能性。
最后,人工智能也是一种数据分析的方法。
数据分析是通过对大规模数据的处理和解读,找出其中的趋势、模式和关联。
人工智能通过数据分析的方法,可以从大量的数据中提取有价值的信息,并用于预测和决策。
拓展训练 2020年中考英语专题分类卷 题型二阅读理解(任务型阅读)1-10(含答案)

题型二阅读理解(任务型阅读)1-10Passage 1(2018.河北)Artificial intelligence( AI)(人工智能)is growing rapidly. We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this attention has also produced a lot of fear. Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs.According to a recent study, nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI. In some industries,AI is already doing the work that people used to do, such as assembling(装配)cars, digging the coal and lifting goods. Self- driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the driver's jobs in the future.On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write programmes for AI systems(系统)and they will set up and work on them, too. Meanwhile, jobs that require feelings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced(取代)by AI. These includes jobs in fields like teaching, nursing and personal training.AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important to watch, not to fear.1、2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
人工智能常见名词解释

人工智能常见名词解释人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,简称AI)是指模拟和复制人类智能的理论、方法、技术和应用系统,以使机器能够像人一样具备推理、学习、认知、创造和适应等能力。
1. 机器学习(Machine Learning)机器学习是一种人工智能的分支领域,通过给机器提供大量数据和算法,使机器能够自动学习和改进性能。
机器学习的主要方法包括监督学习、无监督学习和强化学习。
2. 深度学习(Deep Learning)深度学习是机器学习的一种特殊形式,通过构建深层神经网络模型,模拟人脑的神经网络结构,从而实现更高级别的学习和推理能力。
深度学习在图像识别、语音识别和自然语言处理等方面取得了显著的成果。
3. 自然语言处理(Natural Language Processing,简称NLP)自然语言处理是将人类语言与计算机进行交互和通信的技术。
它涵盖了语音识别、机器翻译、情感分析和信息检索等领域,旨在使计算机能够理解、分析和生成自然语言。
4. 机器视觉(Computer Vision)机器视觉是指让计算机通过摄像头或其他传感器来感知和理解图像或视频的能力。
机器视觉在人脸识别、目标检测和图像分析等方面应用广泛,可以用于自动驾驶、安防监控等领域。
5. 数据挖掘(Data Mining)数据挖掘是从大量数据中发现模式、关系和趋势的过程。
通过运用各种统计学和机器学习的方法,数据挖掘可以从原始数据中提取出有价值的信息,并应用于商业智能、市场分析和风险预测等领域。
6. 强化学习(Reinforcement Learning)强化学习是一种通过试错和奖惩机制来训练智能体的学习方法。
智能体通过与环境的交互不断尝试,根据环境的反馈来调整自己的行为,以达到最大化奖励的目标。
强化学习在游戏、机器人控制和交通优化等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。
7. 语音识别(Speech Recognition)语音识别是将人类语音转换为文字或命令的技术。
初中英语英语任务型阅读试题(有答案和解析)含解析

初中英语英语任务型阅读试题(有答案和解析)含解析一、英语任务型阅读1.阅读短文,根据短文内容,在短文后的空格里填入最恰当的单词(每空限填一词)。
On March 31", 2019, a wildfire in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture(凉山彝族自治州)led to 31 deaths, including 27 firefighters. And on May 1st, 2016, in Alberta, Canada, a wildfire destroyed an area of nearly 700 square miles. More than 88, 000 people had to leave their homes and thousands of homes were destroyed.Wildfires are unexpected, unplanned. And the cause of most wildfires is unsure. To bum, wildfires require the right conditions—fuel, oxygen and heat. And global warring is one of the most important reasons. The high temperatures and dry conditions make the fire spread quickly. In many parts of the world, wildfires happen naturally. They are started by lighting(闪电)or some other special weather conditions. In recent years, there have been more wildfires because of dry, hot weather, and changeable weather patterns because of global warning.However, many fires are started by people. Sometimes, people clear land for farming. Besides, there are smokers who accidentally set fires.Wildfires can cause a lot of smoke, which will pollute the air. Lots of lives, property(财产)and valuable forests will soon disappear in wildfires. When trees are burnt down, and heavy rain follows, more disasters such as terrible floods will happen.;pollution/problems2.阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.The Internet is shaping our lives. We already have online shopping services and mobile payment. However, this is just a start. The world's leading tech companies are planning to build smarter online communities. ________ It was held in Wuzhen, Zhejiang last year. The development of artificial intelligence(AI,人工智能)was a hot topic at the conference(会议). If a machine can learn and solve problems as humans do, it can be called AI.The company Alibaba uses AI technology in its unmanned supermarket in Wuzhen. There is nosalesperson in the supermarket, just a tablet on a desk that says "please smile". ________ The bigger your smile is, the more discounts(折扣)you will get. Payment is done automatically (自动地) through your Alipay(支付宝)account. When you first enter the supermarket, the supermarket's AI recognizes your face and your account.There is also AI that can read lips. ________ It recognizes your mouth, s movements and turns them into voices or text messages. This could be very useful when you are trying to talk to someone on your phone in a noisy place. Police could also use the technology to help them find criminal suspects by lip﹣reading recordings from video cameras.________ Microsoft's chatbot Xiaolce can not only provide useful information, but also chat with people like a real friend. Xiaolce has a WeChat account. After following the account, users can start talking with her. ________ She keeps improving herself by talking with users.These technologies are being put into wider use. We may see a smarter world and better lives in the near future.A. She knows when to comfort you or tell jokes.B. They discussed this at the World Internet Conference.C. Sougou brought its lip﹣reading system to the conference.D. If you smile, it will give you a special discount for your goods.E. Another type of AI focuses on understanding human emotions.【答案】 B;D;C;E;A3.阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。
2024年初中英语中考总复习任务型阅读练习

2024初中英语中考总复习任务型阅读练习一阅读短文,根据短文内容简要回答下列问题。
In the past years, it is always believed that robots cannot think like humans. In recent years, with the development of the technology, it seems not difficult for robots to think like us. Some people are worried that might happen in the future.Where is the robot technology heading (朝向)? Can robots and humans work together?Yes—they’re here to help humansRobots were created by humans. Robots do jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves. A lthough robots might take some people’s jobs, they will create new types of work, and they will probably create more jobs than those they take away. Besides, robots’ programme could actually make them more trustworthy (值得信任的) than humans, because they are not influenced by feelings.No—humans should not trust robotsRobots are nearly controlling the world. Jobs that used to be done by humans are now being taken by robots. Although robots are under our control now, that might not always keep the same. An experiment (实验) found that some robots had learned how to lie (说谎) to each other. With the development of AI (人工智能), robots could start to act in their own interests.1.Is it difficult for robots to think like humans recently?__________________________________________________2.Who created robots?__________________________________________________3.Why are robots actually more trustworthy than humans?__________________________________________________4.Can robots lie to each other according to the experiment?__________________________________________________5.What will happen with the development of AI?__________________________________________________二阅读短文,根据短文内容,按要求完成任务。
英译汉英汉互译

英译汉英汉互译摘要:一、英译汉的发展历程1.古代的英译汉2.近现代的英译汉3.当代的英译汉二、英汉互译的重要性1.促进国际交流2.推动经济发展3.丰富文化多样性三、英译汉的方法和技巧1.直译与意译2.词汇的对应与转换3.文化背景的理解与处理四、我国英译汉的现状与挑战1.英译汉市场的需求2.专业人才的培养3.技术进步带来的影响五、展望英译汉的未来发展1.人工智能在英译汉中的应用2.全球化背景下的英译汉需求3.英译汉行业的规范化与标准化正文:英译汉,即英语翻译成汉语,是翻译领域中的重要分支。
自古以来,英译汉就一直在不同历史时期发挥着重要作用。
在古代,英译汉主要依靠传教士和文化交流来推动。
例如,19 世纪初,英国传教士马礼逊(Robert Morrison)将《圣经》翻译成汉语,成为我国翻译史上的重要里程碑。
近现代,随着我国与世界的联系日益紧密,英译汉的需求迅速增长。
许多著名的翻译家如严复、林纾、鲁迅等,都为英译汉的发展作出了巨大贡献。
进入当代,随着全球化的推进,英译汉在政治、经济、科技、文化等领域的应用更加广泛。
我国政府高度重视英译汉工作,制定了一系列政策和规划来推动英译汉事业的发展。
英汉互译在促进国际交流、推动经济发展、丰富文化多样性等方面具有重要意义。
在国际交往中,英译汉帮助人们跨越语言障碍,增进相互了解。
在经济发展中,英译汉为国际贸易、投资和技术合作提供了重要支持。
在文化交流中,英译汉使得不同国家的优秀文化得以传播和交流,丰富了人类文明的多样性。
英译汉的方法和技巧多种多样。
直译与意译是两种基本的翻译方法。
直译强调忠实于原文,而意译则注重传达原文的意义。
在英译汉过程中,译者需要灵活运用这两种方法,根据具体情况进行选择。
此外,词汇的对应与转换、文化背景的理解与处理等也是英译汉过程中需要注意的技巧。
当前,我国英译汉面临诸多挑战,如英译汉市场的需求不断扩大,专业人才的培养亟待加强,以及技术进步带来的影响等。
人工智能概述

记忆是智能的基本条件,在人脑中,伴 随着记忆就是联想。联想是思维过程的最 基本的一种功能。在机器中实现了联想就 是建立事物之间的联系。但与人脑的联想 相差甚远。 1.5.7 系统与建造
1.5.8 应用与工程
1.5 人工智能的研究途径与方法
1.5.1 心理模拟,符号推演
1.5.2 生理模拟,神经计算
西尔勒借用语言学的术语非常形象地揭示了‚中文 屋子‛的深刻寓意:形式化的计算机仅有语法,没有语 义。因此,他认为,机器永远也不可能代替人脑。作为 以研究语言哲学问题而著称的分析哲学家西尔勒来自语 言学的思考,的确给人工智能涉及的哲学和心理学问题 提供了不少启发。
1.1.3 脑智能和群智能
脑(主要指人脑)的宏观心理层次的智能表现 称为脑智能(Brain Intelligence, BI)。 是一种个体智能(Individual Intelligence, II); 由群体行为所表现出的智能称为群智能(Swarm Intelligence, SI)。群智能是一种社会智能 (Social Intelligence, SI), 或者说系统 智能(System Intelligence, SI)。
使玩家处于兴奋状态; 提供不可预知性结果; 帮助完成游戏的故事情节; 创造一个生动的世界。
这个生动的世界可以是类似现实生活中的世界, 也可以是与现实世界完全不同的世界。但不管何种 世界都要求有一整套能够自圆其说的游戏规则。
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1.1intelligence智能:字典定义:有一种学习和应用知识的能力,一种思考和推理的本领,领会并且得益于经验的能力,这些都是有道理的。
如果我们想量化一些东西,我们将用到一些东西,像为了在环境中更好的完成任务使能力适应知识AI人工智能:作为一个学习和构造智能体程序,为了一个智能体结构在被给的环境中可以更好的完成任务1.4Does this mean that AI is impossible?不是,人工智能系统应避免解决一些难驾驭的问题,通常这意味着人工智能系统只能作出最好的行为,有时人工智能擅长解决一些结构化的实例,也许需要一些背景知识的帮助,人工智能系统应尝试做一些相同的事情1.11“surely computers cannot be intelligent-they can do only what their programmers tell them.”Is the latter statement true,and does it imply the former?This depends on your definition of “intelligent”and“tell.”In one sense computers only do what the programmers command them to do,but in another sense what the programmers consciously tells the computer to do often has very little to do with what the computer actually does. Anyone who has written a program with an ornery bug knows this,as does anyone who has written a successful machine learning program.So in one sense Samuel“told”the computer“learn to play checkers better than I do,and then play that way,”but in another sense he told the computer“follow this learning algorithm”and it learned to play. So we’re left in the situation where you may or may not consider learning to play checkers to be s sign of intelligence(or you may think that learning to play in the right way requires intelligence,but not in this way),and you may think the intelligence resides in the programmer or in the computer 2.1agent智能体:在一个环境中对一个对象作出反应的实体Agent function:智能体函数:智能体相应任何感知序列所采取的行动Agent program:智能体程序:与机器结构相结合,并且实现一个智能体函数的程序,在简单的设计下,程序将为一个新的感知调用,并返回一个动作。
Rationality理性:智能体的一个属性,即为当前的一个感知选择一个行动,并使期望效用最大化。
Autonomy自主:智能体的一个属性,是指他们的行为是由他们自己的经验决定而不是仅仅由最初的程序决定。
Reflex agent反射型智能体:一个智能体的行为仅仅依赖于当前的知觉Model-based agent基于模型的智能体:一个智能体的行动直接得自于内在模型的状态,这个状态是当前世界通用的不断更新Goal-based agent基于目标的智能体:智能体选择它相信能明确达到目标的行动Utility-based agent基于效用的智能体:试图最大化他们自己期望的快乐Learning agent学习智能体:基于长期的经验提高自己的行为2.2Both the performance measure and the utility function measure how well an agent is doing.Explain the difference between the two性能度量是被用于通过外在观察度量一个智能体的成功效应函数,将历史记录变为真实数据的函数。
效用函数和性能度量不同,此外,智能体可能没有效用函数,大多数都有一个性能度量2.5For each of following agents,developa PEAS description of the task environment:a.Robot soccer player;b.Internet book-shopping agent;c.Autonomous Mars rover;d.Mathematician’s theorem-provingassistant.①机器人足球员P(绩效测试):赢得比赛,进球数/输球数。
E(环境):场地,足球,两方队员。
A(执行机构):用于移动和踢球的设备。
S(传感器):摄像机,接触式传感器,加速器,定位传感器。
②网上书店代理P:获得需要或感兴趣的书,最小化支出E:因特网。
A:跟随链接,输入/提交数据场,显示给用户。
S:网页、用户请求③自动火星探测车P:研究,报告地形,聚集和分析样品。
E:发射舱,火星A:车轮,样品收集设备,分析设备,无线发射机。
S:摄像机,接触式传感器,加速器,定位传感器,轮子编码器,无线电接收器④数学家的定理机器证明助理P:证明定理的正确性/错误性E:机器,助理A:证明机器部件。
S:异或门,与门显示结果部件。
2.6For each of the agent types listed in Exercise 2.5,characterize the environment according to the properties given in Section2.3,and select a suitable agent design.The following exercises all concern the implementation of environment and agents for the vacuum-cleaner world.①基于条件反射模型的代理对很多方面有处理能力,但对于战术打法,据预测,基于效用的代理亦有用。
②基于目标的代理合适特定书本的要求,对于更多开放式任务,例如“寻找自己感兴趣的书”在交易是,代理必须比较各种可能购买的效率。
③基于条件反映模型的代理对于水平导航,避障,路径规划,实验等有能力,但一些基于目标与效率将诶和的代理也是必须的。
④对于具体证明任务,基于目标的代理是必不可少的,例如“探测任务”“证明一些关于有关抛物线的操作”这时基于效用结构是必不可少的。
3.1state:一个智能体自身的情况。
我们可以分为两种:world state真实世界的真实情况,representational state智能体根据根据现实世界描述应该做什么。
State space:是一个图形,这个图形以状态为结点,以行为来连接这些结点。
这些结点功能是从一个状态转向另一个状态。
Search tree:搜索树是一棵以根结点为开始状态,并且每个结点是由无论采取任何行为都可以到达的状态组成的树。
Search node:一棵搜索树的搜索结点Goal:智能体想达到的一种状态Action:智能体可以选择做什么Successor function(后继函数):描述智能体的选项,在给定的状态下,它可以得到一个(行为,状态)集合,并且通过此行为可达到这个状态。
Branching factor:一个搜索树的分支因子是可提供给智能体的行为数量3.8a:用四种颜色涂地图Initial state:所有区域都没有被涂色Goal test:所有区域都被上色,而且相邻区域颜色不同Successor function:为一个区域分配一种颜色Cost function:路径耗损b:猴子拿香蕉initial state:一个三尺高的猴子摘八尺高的天花板上的香蕉,房子里有两个三尺高的箱子goal test:猴子拿到香蕉successor function:挪动箱子,把箱子叠起,走到箱子上摘香蕉cost fuction:行动数量c:判断记录合法性:initial state:考虑所有输入记录goal test:考虑一个记录,并且它是非法的信息successor function:先运行检查一半记录,再检查一半记录cost function:运行次数d:为12gallon,8gallon,3gallon 的水壶加水initial state:jugs have values [0,0,0].Goal test:jugs have values [12,8,3]Successor function:Cost function:倾倒次数3.8开始状态为1,后继函数为2n 和2n+1a:画出部分图形1~15b:Suppose the goal state is 11.List the order in which nodes will be visited for breadth-first search,depth-limited search with limit 3,and iterative deepening search.广度优先:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11深度优先:1,2,4,8,9,10,11迭代加深:1;1,2,3;1,2,4,5,3,6,7;1,2,4,8,9,5,10,11c:Would bidirectional search be appropriate for this problem?If so,describe in detail how it would work.双向搜索效率很高,因为在反向搜索中n 的唯一继承是n/2,这有助于集中搜索d:.What is the branching factor in each direction of the bidirectional search?2in the forward direction;1in the reverse direction.e:Does the answer to (c)suggest a reformulation of the problem that would allow you to solve the problem of getting from state 1to a given goal state with almost no search是,从目标开始使用反向搜索找到后继数字,直到14.2The heuristic path algorithm is a best-first search in which the objective function is f(n)=(2-w)g(n)+wh(n).For what values of w is this algorithm guaranteed to be optimal?(You may assume that h is admissible.)What kind of search does this perform when w =0?When w =1?When w =2?当w=0时f(n)=2g(n),其实是成本一致搜索算法,与结点的次序无关。