规范行政处罚自由裁量权研究

规范行政处罚自由裁量权研究

孔涛11行政管理Q Q：474927251

摘要：一、可以减少行政处罚不合理现象的发生；是推行行政执法责任制的重要组成部分；

对于加强廉政建设、改善行政执法机关形象具有积极意义；对于推进依法行政、建设法治政府具有重要的促进作用。二、规范行政处罚自由裁量权的法律依据。一是《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》的有关条款；二是《国务院全面推进依法行政实施纲要》的有关规定；三是《国务院关于加强市县政府依法行政的决定》有关要求；四是《国务院关于加强法制政府建设的意见》的有关要求。三、规范行政处罚自由裁量权应遵循的原则。一是过罚相当原则；二是相似违法行为的处罚决定一致的原则；三是依法选择适用单处、并处原则；四是上位法优于下位法原则；五是特别法优于普通法原则；六是新法优于旧法的原则。四、规范行政处罚自由裁量权的主要内容。一是认真梳理带有行政处罚自由裁量权内容的执法依据；二是针对具有行政处罚自由裁量幅度的条款制定具体的处罚标准；三是依法就“免于”、“不予”、“应当”、“可以”、“从轻”、“从重”等行政处罚情形作出明确界定；四是设置规范行政处罚自由裁量权的适用执法程序。五、如何做好规范行政处罚自由裁量权工作。一、加强组织领导，制定实施方案；二、认真梳理细化，确保规范合理；三、挑选典型单位，搞好试点示范；；四、加大宣传力度，全面推行应用。

Abstract：1、Can reduce the administrative punishment unreasonable phenomenon;

is to carry out the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement is an important part for strengthening construction of honest and clean government; administrative law enforcement organs, improve the image has a positive significance; to promote administration according to law, the construction of nomocracy government

has an important role in promoting.2、Standardize administrative penalty discretion legal basis. One is the" PRC Administrative Punishment Law" provisions of the State Council; two is" comprehensively promote administration according to law" the implementation outline of the relevant provisions of the State Council on strengthening; three is the" county government lawfully administrative decision" the relevant requirements; four is" State Council on strengthening legal government the

opinion of construction" the relevant requirements.3、Standardize administrative penalty discretion principle. One is the penalty equivalent principle; two is similar

to punish the illegal behavior decision consistent principle; three is to choose suitable single, impose principle; four is a superior method is better than the lower law principles; five is a special method is better than the common law principle;

the six is better than the old method principle.4、Standardize administrative penalty discretion main content. One is carefully combing with the administrative penalty discretion content basis for law enforcement; two to the administrative penalty discretion range formulated in terms of specific punishment standard; three is the law" from"," not"," should"," can"," light"," heavy" and other administrative punishment circumstances clearly defined; four is set for use of the discretion of

administrative penalty law enforcement procedure.5、How to regulate the administrative penalty discretion work. One, strengthen organization and leadership, make executive plan; two, carefully combing refinement, ensure the reasonable standard; three, select typical units, do well pilot demonstration;; four, increase

propagandist strength, the full implementation of application.

关键词（Key words）：自由裁量权（Right of discretion）；行政处罚（Administrative sanction）；规范（Standard）

正文：

在我国，有80%以上的法律、90%以上的地方性法规和全部的行政法规、规章都是由行政机关通过行政手段、行政执法手段、特别是行政处罚手段等贯彻执行实施的。由于各地经济社会发展存在一定差距，立法机关在制定法律、法规、规章时，尤其是在设定行政处罚种类、幅度时，考虑到各地的实际情况不同，从而相应地赋予了行政执法机关一定的行政处罚自由裁量的权力。正是由于行政执法机关、行政执法人员在从事行政执法、行政处罚时，存在着凭执法人员主观意志、个人判断作出自由裁量的行政处罚，因人、因时、因地不同，作出的自由裁量行政处罚轻重、幅度、结果不同，导致行政管理相对人对行政执法机关、行政执法人员行使自由裁量权的行政处罚产生异议、不服、不满，有的因此提起行政复议、行政诉讼，甚至上访，造成了行政执法机关、行政执法人员与行政管理相对人之间关系紧张，矛盾激化，影响了法律法规的贯彻实施，影响了行政管理效率的提高，影响了社会的安定和稳定。因此，加强规范行政处罚自由裁量权研究，对行政执法机关的行政执法和行政处罚来说，既有理论意义，更有实践意义。

一、行政处罚自由裁量权实际行使的现状和问题

近些年来，随着我国依法治国基本方略的深入贯彻实施，各级政府和政府部门积极推进依法行政，大力加快法治政府建设步伐，行政执法机关努力为经济社会发展保驾护航，各地的法治环境有了非常大的改善，经济社会发展和行政执法