2017年虹口区一模试卷
2017年上海市虹口区高考物理一模试卷(解析版)
2017年上海市虹口区高考物理一模试卷一、选择题（共10小题，每小题只有一个正确选项．每题4分，共40分．）1．（4分）下列叙述中符合物理学史实的是（）A．伽利略发现了单摆的周期公式B．奥斯特发现了电磁感应现象C．库仑通过扭秤实验得出了电荷间相互作用的规律D．牛顿通过斜面理想实验得出了维持运动不需要力的结论2．（4分）如图所示，弹簧振子在M、N之间做简谐运动．以平衡位置O为原点，建立Ox轴．向右为x的轴的正方向．若振子位于N点时开始计时，则其振动图象为（）A．B．C．D．3．（4分）如图所示，一偏心轮绕垂直纸面的轴O匀速转动，a和b是轮上质量相等的两个质点，则偏心轮转动过程中a、b两质点（）A．角速度大小相同 B．线速度大小相同C．向心加速度大小相同D．向心力大小相同4．（4分）中国宋代科学家沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中最早记载了地磁偏角：“以磁石磨针锋，则能指南，然常微偏东，不全南也．”进一步研究表明，地球周围地磁场的磁感线分布示意如图，则下列说法中不正确的是（）A．地理南、北极与地磁场的南、北极不重合B．地球内部也存在磁场，地磁南极在地理北极附近C．地球表面任意位置的地磁场方向都与地面平行D．形成地磁场的原因可能是带负电的地球自转引起的5．（4分）三个点电荷附近的电场线分布如图所示，c是电量相等的两个负电荷连线的中点，d点在正电荷的正上方，c、d到正电荷的距离相等，则（）A．c点的电场强度为零 B．b、d两点的电场强度不同C．a点的电势比b点的电势高D．c点的电势与d点的电势相等6．（4分）如图所示，一圆形金属环与两固定的平行长直导线在同一竖直平面内，环的圆心与两导线距离相等，环的直径小于两导线间距．两导线中通有大小相等、方向向下的恒定电流，若（）A．金属环向上运动，则环中产生顺时针方向的感应电流B．金属环向下运动，则环中产生顺时针方向的感应电流C．金属环向左侧直导线靠近，则环中产生逆时针方向的感应电流D．金属环向右侧直导线靠近，则环中产生逆时针方向的感应电流7．（4分）如图所示，一光滑的轻滑轮用细绳OO′悬挂于O点．另一细绳跨过滑轮，左端悬挂物块a，右端系一位于水平粗糙桌面上的物块b．外力F向右上方拉b，整个系统处于静止状态．若保持F的方向不变，逐渐增大F的大小，物块b仍保持静止状态，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．桌面受到的压力逐渐增大B．连接a、b的绳子张力逐渐减小C．物块b与桌面间的摩擦力一定逐渐增大D．悬挂于O点的细绳OO'中的张力保持不变8．（4分）如图所示，一带正电的点电荷固定于O点，两虚线圆均以O为圆心．两实线分别为带电粒子M和N先后在电场中运动的轨迹，a、b、c、d、e为轨迹和虚线圆的交点，不计重力．下列说法中正确的是（）A．M、N均带负电荷B．M在b点的速度小于它在a点的速度C．N在c点的电势能小于它在e点的电势能D．N在从e点运动到d点的过程中电场力先做正功后做负功9．（4分）一质点沿直线运动，其速度﹣位移图象为一条如图所示的直线．下列说法中正确的是（）A．加速度增大B．加速度不变C．完成位移s t的过程中，平均速度为（v0+v t）D．完成位移s t的过程中，平均速度大于（v0+v t）10．（4分）如图所示，电源电动势为E，内阻为r，R1、R2为定值电阻，R2＞R1＞r，且R1大于滑动变阻器R0的最大阻值．闭合电键S，将滑动变阻器的滑动片P由最上端滑到最下端，若电压表V1、V2、电流表A的读数改变量的大小分别用△U1、△U2、△I表示，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．=R2B．＜rC．电源的发热功率先减小，再增大D．电源的输出功率先增大，再减小二．填空题（共4小题，每题6分．共24分．）11．（6分）近年，我国的高铁发展非常迅猛．为了保证行车安全，车辆转弯的技术要求是相当高的．如果在转弯处铺成如图所示内、外等高的轨道，则车辆经过弯道时，火车的（选填“外轮”、“内轮”）对轨道有侧向挤压，容易导致翻车事故．为此，铺设轨道时应该把（选填“外轨”、“内轨”）适当降低一定的高度．12．（6分）如图，虚线和实线分别表示在同一绳上传播的甲、乙两列简谐横波某时刻的波形图，波速均为v=4m/s．则绳上位于x=0.2m处的质点M的振动是的（选填“加强”、“减弱”）．从图示时刻开始，再经过s，M将位于波峰．13．（6分）在“用DIS描绘电场的等势线”实验中，按图示连接电路．在电极A、B的连线上等距离地取a、b、c、d、e共5个基准点．已知电压传感器红色探针的电势高于黑色探针的电势时，读数为正．（1）若电压传感器的红色探针接触a点，黑色探针接触b点时，读数为负，则电极A接在电源的极上（选填“正”或“负”）．（2）若传感器的两个探针分别接触a点和b点时的示数为U1；分别接触b点和c点时的示数为U2，则|U1| |U2|（选填“＞”、“＜”或“=”）．14．（6分）一辆汽车质量m=1×103kg，在水平路面上由静止开始做直线运动，所受阻力恒定不变，牵引力F与车速的倒数的关系如图所示，则汽车在BC段的运动为．若发动机的最大牵引力为3×103N，最大输出功率P m=2×104W，图中的v2为汽车的最大速度，则汽车在图示的ABC运动过程中，当速度v=10m/s时，发动机的瞬时输出功率P=W．三．综合题（共36分．）15．（10分）利用图（a）所示的电路研究路端电压随电源内阻变化的规律，实验所用电源的内阻可以在0.1Ω～1.2Ω之间连续变化，电动势E=1.5V保持不变．（1）改变内阻r，测出路端电压U与相应的电流I，由计算机拟合得出如图（b）的图线．则电路中的定值电阻R=Ω，实验过程中路端电压U和内阻r的关系是U=．（2）现有L1“3V，3W”和L2“1.5V，0.75W”两个灯泡，上述实验中的电源4个，以及3Ω的定值电阻若干．请选择合适的定值电阻个数，设计一个方案，在图（c）中的方框内画出电路图，标出定值电阻的阻值，要求两个灯泡都正常工作且电路消耗的总功率最小．=Ω．在你设计的方案中，4个电源的总内阻应调节为r总16．（12分）我国将于2022年举办冬奥会，跳台滑雪是其中最具观赏性的项目之一．如图所示，质量m=60kg的运动员从长直助滑道AB的A处由静止开始，在无助力的情况下以加速度a=3.6m/s2匀加速滑下，到达B点时速度v B=24m/s，A与B的竖直高度差H=48m．为了改变运动员的运动方向，在助滑道与起跳台D 点之间用一段弯曲滑道BCD衔接，B与C点的高度差h=5m，C与D点的高度差h′=4m，忽略BCD上的摩擦．求：（1）运动员离开起跳台时的速度v D；（2）AB段的倾斜角度；（3）运动员在AB段下滑时受到阻力F f的大小；（4）实际上，BCD段上的摩擦力，以及运动过程中的空气阻力是不可避免的．运动员为了能在离开跳台后，跳得更高，如果你是教练员，请用学习过的物理知识指导运动员（至少提出两点意见）．17．（14分）某同学设计了电磁健身器，简化装置如图所示．两根平行金属导轨相距l=0.50m，倾角θ=53°，导轨上端接一个R=0.05Ω的电阻．在导轨间长d=0.56m 的区域内，存在方向垂直导轨平面向下的匀强磁场，磁感应强度B=2.0T．质量m=4.0kg的金属棒CD水平置于导轨上，用绝缘绳索通过定滑轮与轻的拉杆GH 相连．CD棒的初始位置与磁场区域的下边界相距s=0.24m．一位健身者用F=80N 的恒力沿绳拉动GH杆，CD棒由静止开始运动，上升过程中CD棒始终与导轨垂直．当CD棒到达磁场上边界时健身者松手，触发恢复装置使CD棒回到初始位置．已知sin53°=0.8，cos53°=0.6，不计其它电阻、摩擦力，以及拉杆和绳索的质量．求：（1）CD棒进入磁场时速度v的大小；（2）通过数据计算，说明CD棒进入磁场后的运动情况．（3）若某位健身者的力气比较大，使用这套健身器材为了能达到较好的锻炼效果，是否一定要对装置做出改进或调节？给出理由．（4）某健身者锻炼过程中，没有保持80N的恒定拉力．若测出CD棒到达磁场上边缘时的速度为2m/s，CD棒每次上升过程中，电阻产生的焦耳热Q=22.4J．这位健身者为了消耗8000J的热量，约需完成以上动作多少次？2017年上海市虹口区高考物理一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共10小题，每小题只有一个正确选项．每题4分，共40分．）1．（4分）下列叙述中符合物理学史实的是（）A．伽利略发现了单摆的周期公式B．奥斯特发现了电磁感应现象C．库仑通过扭秤实验得出了电荷间相互作用的规律D．牛顿通过斜面理想实验得出了维持运动不需要力的结论【解答】解：A、伽利略发现了单摆的等时性，惠更斯得出了单摆的周期公式；故A错误；B、奥斯特发现了电生磁，法拉第发现了电磁感应现象；故B错误；C、库仑首先通过扭秤实验得出了电荷间相互作用的规律；故C正确；D、伽利略通过斜面理想实验得出了维持运动不需要力的结论．故D错误．故选：C2．（4分）如图所示，弹簧振子在M、N之间做简谐运动．以平衡位置O为原点，建立Ox轴．向右为x的轴的正方向．若振子位于N点时开始计时，则其振动图象为（）A．B．C．D．【解答】解：由题意：设向右为x正方向，振子运动到N点时，振子具有正方向最大位移，所以振子运动到N点时开始计时振动图象应是余弦曲线，故A正确，BCD错误．故选：A3．（4分）如图所示，一偏心轮绕垂直纸面的轴O匀速转动，a和b是轮上质量相等的两个质点，则偏心轮转动过程中a、b两质点（）A．角速度大小相同 B．线速度大小相同C．向心加速度大小相同D．向心力大小相同【解答】解：A、偏心轮上各处角速度相等，故A正确；B、根据v=ωr，可知半径不同点，线速度不同，故B错误；C、根据a=ω2r可知半径不同点，向心加速度不同，故C错误；D、根据F=mω2r可知半径不同点，向心力不同，故D错误；故选A．4．（4分）中国宋代科学家沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中最早记载了地磁偏角：“以磁石磨针锋，则能指南，然常微偏东，不全南也．”进一步研究表明，地球周围地磁场的磁感线分布示意如图，则下列说法中不正确的是（）A．地理南、北极与地磁场的南、北极不重合B．地球内部也存在磁场，地磁南极在地理北极附近C．地球表面任意位置的地磁场方向都与地面平行D．形成地磁场的原因可能是带负电的地球自转引起的【解答】解：A、地理南、北极与地磁场的南、北极不重合有一定的夹角，即为磁偏角；故A正确；B、地球内部也存在磁场，地磁南极在地理北极附近，故B正确；C、磁场是闭合的曲线，地球磁场从南极附近发出，从北极附近进入地球，组成闭合曲线，不是地球表面任意位置的地磁场方向都与地面平行，故C错误；D、地球自转方向自西向东，地球的南极是地磁场的北极，由安培定则判断可知地球是带负电的，故D正确；本题选错误的，故选：C5．（4分）三个点电荷附近的电场线分布如图所示，c是电量相等的两个负电荷连线的中点，d点在正电荷的正上方，c、d到正电荷的距离相等，则（）A．c点的电场强度为零 B．b、d两点的电场强度不同C．a点的电势比b点的电势高D．c点的电势与d点的电势相等【解答】解：A、由图看出，两个负电荷在c点产生的电场强度的和等于0，所以c点的电场强度一定不为零，故A错误．B、电场强度是矢量，由图可知，b、d两点的电场强度方向不同，故B正确；C、电场线从正电荷到负电荷，沿着电场线电势降低，所以b点的电势比a点的高，故C错误；D、正电荷到c点的平均场强大于正电荷到d点的平均场强，根据U=Ed可知，正电荷到c点电势降低的多，所以c点的电势比d点的低；也可以根据电势这样理解：由正电荷在d，c两点产生的电势相等，但两个负电荷在d点产生的电势高于c点，所以c点的总电势低于d点．故D错误；故选：B6．（4分）如图所示，一圆形金属环与两固定的平行长直导线在同一竖直平面内，环的圆心与两导线距离相等，环的直径小于两导线间距．两导线中通有大小相等、方向向下的恒定电流，若（）A．金属环向上运动，则环中产生顺时针方向的感应电流B．金属环向下运动，则环中产生顺时针方向的感应电流C．金属环向左侧直导线靠近，则环中产生逆时针方向的感应电流D．金属环向右侧直导线靠近，则环中产生逆时针方向的感应电流【解答】解：AB、直导线之间的磁场时对称的，圆环在中间时，通过圆环的磁通量为零，金属环上下运动的时候，圆环的磁通量不变，不会有感应电流产生，故AB错误；C、金属环向左侧直导线靠近，则穿过圆环的磁场垂直纸面向外并且增强，根据楞次定律可得，环上的感应电流方向为顺时针，故C错误；D、金属环向右侧直导线靠近，则穿过圆环的磁场垂直纸面向里并且增强，根据楞次定律可得，环上的感应电流方向为逆时针，故D正确；故选：D．7．（4分）如图所示，一光滑的轻滑轮用细绳OO′悬挂于O点．另一细绳跨过滑轮，左端悬挂物块a，右端系一位于水平粗糙桌面上的物块b．外力F向右上方拉b，整个系统处于静止状态．若保持F的方向不变，逐渐增大F的大小，物块b仍保持静止状态，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．桌面受到的压力逐渐增大B．连接a、b的绳子张力逐渐减小C．物块b与桌面间的摩擦力一定逐渐增大D．悬挂于O点的细绳OO'中的张力保持不变【解答】解：由于整个系统处于静止状态，所以滑轮两侧连接a和b的绳子的夹角不变；物块a只受重力以及绳子的拉力，由于物体a平衡，则连接a和b的绳子张力T保持不变；由于绳子的张力及夹角均不变，所以OO′中的张力保持不变；对b分析可知，b处于静止即平衡状态，对b受力分析，力T与力F与x轴所成夹角均保持不变，由平衡条件可得：N+Fsinα+Tsinθ﹣mg=0Fcosα+f﹣Tcosθ=0由此可得：N=mg﹣Fsinα﹣Tsinθ由于T的大小不变，可见当F大小增大时，支持力的大小在减小；f=Tcosθ﹣Fcosα由于T的大小不变，当F大小增大时，b静止可得摩擦力的大小在减小；故D正确，ABC错误．故选：D．8．（4分）如图所示，一带正电的点电荷固定于O点，两虚线圆均以O为圆心．两实线分别为带电粒子M和N先后在电场中运动的轨迹，a、b、c、d、e为轨迹和虚线圆的交点，不计重力．下列说法中正确的是（）A．M、N均带负电荷B．M在b点的速度小于它在a点的速度C．N在c点的电势能小于它在e点的电势能D．N在从e点运动到d点的过程中电场力先做正功后做负功【解答】解：A、由粒子运动轨迹可知，M受到的是吸引力，N受到的是排斥力，可知M带负电荷，N带正电荷，故A错误．B、M从a到b点，库仑力做负功，根据动能定理知，动能减小，则b点的动能小于在a点的动能，那么M在b点的速度小于它在a点的速度，故B正确．C、一带正电的点电荷固定于O点，因此c点电势高于e点，则正电荷从低电势到高电势，电势能增加，那么N在c点的电势能大于它在e点的电势能，故C 错误．D、因N带正电，那么N从e点运动到d点的过程中电场力先做负功后做正功，故D错误．故选：B．9．（4分）一质点沿直线运动，其速度﹣位移图象为一条如图所示的直线．下列说法中正确的是（）A．加速度增大B．加速度不变C．完成位移s t的过程中，平均速度为（v0+v t）D．完成位移s t的过程中，平均速度大于（v0+v t）【解答】解：AB、由图可得，v=v0+ks，k是直线的斜率．方程两边对时间求导可得：a=kv，速度v增大，则加速度a增大，故A正确，B错误．CD、若质点做匀加速直线运动，其平均速度为（v0+v t），现质点做加速度增大的加速运动，v﹣t图象的斜率不断增大，其位移小于相同内匀加速运动的位移，所以其平均速度小于匀加速运动平均速度，即平均速度小于（v0+v t）．故CD错误．故选：A10．（4分）如图所示，电源电动势为E，内阻为r，R1、R2为定值电阻，R2＞R1＞r，且R1大于滑动变阻器R0的最大阻值．闭合电键S，将滑动变阻器的滑动片P由最上端滑到最下端，若电压表V1、V2、电流表A的读数改变量的大小分别用△U1、△U2、△I表示，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．=R2B．＜rC．电源的发热功率先减小，再增大D．电源的输出功率先增大，再减小【解答】解：A、由图可知，电流表与R0的下部分串联、R1与R0的上部分串联，二者再并联后与R2串联；电流表中的电流小于流过R2的电流，故R2≠=，故A错误；B、电压表V测量路端电压，则其电压表示数的变化等于内阻两端电压的变化，在滑片向下滑动过程中，总电阻减小，总电流增大，并联部分电压减小，流过R1的电流减小，故流过电流表的电流增大，因此总电流的变化量小于A中电流的变化，因此＜r，故B正确；C、由B的分析可知，总电流增大，故电源的发热功率一直增大，故C错误；D、由于外电阻一定大于内电阻，而在改变中外电阻减小，故外电阻越来越接近内电阻，故电源的输出功率一定增大，故D错误．故选：B．二．填空题（共4小题，每题6分．共24分．）11．（6分）近年，我国的高铁发展非常迅猛．为了保证行车安全，车辆转弯的技术要求是相当高的．如果在转弯处铺成如图所示内、外等高的轨道，则车辆经过弯道时，火车的外轮（选填“外轮”、“内轮”）对轨道有侧向挤压，容易导致翻车事故．为此，铺设轨道时应该把内轨（选填“外轨”、“内轨”）适当降低一定的高度．【解答】解：火车拐弯需要有指向圆心的向心力，若内、外轨等高，则火车拐弯时由外轨的压力去提供，则火车的外轮对轨道有侧向挤压，若火车拐弯时不侧向挤压车轮轮缘，要靠重力和支持力的合力提供向心力，则铺设轨道时应该把内轨降低一定的高度，使外轨高于内轨．故答案为：外轮，内轨12．（6分）如图，虚线和实线分别表示在同一绳上传播的甲、乙两列简谐横波某时刻的波形图，波速均为v=4m/s．则绳上位于x=0.2m处的质点M的振动是加强的（选填“加强”、“减弱”）．从图示时刻开始，再经过0.025（4k+3），k=0，1，2，3…s，M将位于波峰．【解答】解：由图可知，两波的波长相等，又波速相等，则频率相等，能发生干涉，且两列波使质点M的振动方向相同，所以始终加强波长λ=0.4m，波速v=4m/s，周期M点至少经过到达波峰，=，k=0，1，2，3…故答案为：加强，0.025（4k+3），k=0，1，2，3…13．（6分）在“用DIS描绘电场的等势线”实验中，按图示连接电路．在电极A、B的连线上等距离地取a、b、c、d、e共5个基准点．已知电压传感器红色探针的电势高于黑色探针的电势时，读数为正．（1）若电压传感器的红色探针接触a点，黑色探针接触b点时，读数为负，则电极A接在电源的负极上（选填“正”或“负”）．（2）若传感器的两个探针分别接触a点和b点时的示数为U1；分别接触b点和c点时的示数为U2，则|U1| ＞|U2|（选填“＞”、“＜”或“=”）．【解答】解：（1）根据题意，当正接线柱的电势高于负接线柱时，电压传感器的读数为正，则当电压传感器的读数为负时，可以知道a点的电势低于b的电势，则知电极A接在电源的负极．（2）根据等量异种电荷电场线的分布情况得知，a、b间场强大于b、c间场强，根据U=Ed分析得知，a、b间的电势差大于b、c间的电势差．故有|U1|＞|U2|故答案为：（1）负；（2）＞．14．（6分）一辆汽车质量m=1×103kg，在水平路面上由静止开始做直线运动，所受阻力恒定不变，牵引力F与车速的倒数的关系如图所示，则汽车在BC段的运动为加速度减小的加速运动．若发动机的最大牵引力为3×103N，最大输出功率P m=2×104W，图中的v2为汽车的最大速度，则汽车在图示的ABC运动过程中，当速度v=10m/s时，发动机的瞬时输出功率P=2×104W．【解答】解：由P=Fv知，F﹣v图象的斜率等于发动机的功率P，则知汽车在BC 段的功率不变，当速度增大时，牵引力减小，合力减小，则加速度减小，汽车做加速度减小的加速运动．当汽车的速度为v1时，牵引力为F1=3×103 N，由P m=F1v1得：v1==≈6.67m/s当汽车的速度为v2时，牵引力为F2=1×103 N，由P m=F2v2得：v2===20m/s所以当速度v=10m/s时，汽车的瞬时输出功率P=P m=2×104W故答案为：加速度减小的加速运动，2×104三．综合题（共36分．）15．（10分）利用图（a）所示的电路研究路端电压随电源内阻变化的规律，实验所用电源的内阻可以在0.1Ω～1.2Ω之间连续变化，电动势E=1.5V保持不变．（1）改变内阻r，测出路端电压U与相应的电流I，由计算机拟合得出如图（b）的图线．则电路中的定值电阻R=2Ω，实验过程中路端电压U和内阻r的关系是U=．（2）现有L1“3V，3W”和L2“1.5V，0.75W”两个灯泡，上述实验中的电源4个，以及3Ω的定值电阻若干．请选择合适的定值电阻个数，设计一个方案，在图（c）中的方框内画出电路图，标出定值电阻的阻值，要求两个灯泡都正常工作且电路消耗的总功率最小．= 1.5Ω．在你设计的方案中，4个电源的总内阻应调节为r总【解答】解：（1）图象的斜率表示电阻的阻值，则R==2Ω；由闭合电路欧姆定律可得：U=R==；（2）要使两灯均能正常发光，则电压应大于4.5V，故只能将四灯串联，电压为6V；3V灯泡的电流I1==1A；1.5V灯泡的电流I2==0.5A；故3V灯泡应在干路，1.5V灯泡应与某一电阻并联，因1.5V灯泡的电阻为3Ω；故只要与3Ω电阻并联即可；此时需要电压为U=3+1.5=4.5V；电流为：1A，只需内电阻r==1.5Ω即可；因在满足条件的电路中所用电阻较小，故消耗的能量最小；原理图如图所示；故答案为；（1）2；；（2）如图所示；1.516．（12分）我国将于2022年举办冬奥会，跳台滑雪是其中最具观赏性的项目之一．如图所示，质量m=60kg的运动员从长直助滑道AB的A处由静止开始，在无助力的情况下以加速度a=3.6m/s2匀加速滑下，到达B点时速度v B=24m/s，A与B的竖直高度差H=48m．为了改变运动员的运动方向，在助滑道与起跳台D 点之间用一段弯曲滑道BCD衔接，B与C点的高度差h=5m，C与D点的高度差h′=4m，忽略BCD上的摩擦．求：（1）运动员离开起跳台时的速度v D；（2）AB段的倾斜角度；（3）运动员在AB段下滑时受到阻力F f的大小；（4）实际上，BCD段上的摩擦力，以及运动过程中的空气阻力是不可避免的．运动员为了能在离开跳台后，跳得更高，如果你是教练员，请用学习过的物理知识指导运动员（至少提出两点意见）．【解答】解：（1）BCD段机械能守恒，得：mgh+mv B2=mgh′+mv D2代入数据得：v D==2m/s=24.4m/s（2）由匀变速公式2as=v t2﹣v02，得AB长度为：s===80m设AB段倾角为α，则有：ss inα=H，代入数据得：α=37°（3）AB 段上由牛顿第二定律得：mg•sinα﹣F f=ma解得：F f=m（gsinα﹣a）=144N（4）根据运动的规律可知，离开D点后上升的高度与到达D点的速度以及运动员在空中受到的阻力有关．在AB段用撑杆增加助力可以增大到达D的速度；离开D点后，注意姿势，减小与空气接触的正对面积也可以减小运动员与空气的阻力，也可以增大上升的高度．所以用撑杆增加助力；注意姿势，减小与空气接触的正对面积都可以．答：（1）运动员离开起跳台时的速度v D为24.4m/s（2）AB段的倾斜角度为37°；（3）运动员在AB段下滑时受到阻力F f的大小为144N．（4）用撑杆增加助力；注意姿势，减小与空气接触的正对面积．17．（14分）某同学设计了电磁健身器，简化装置如图所示．两根平行金属导轨相距l=0.50m，倾角θ=53°，导轨上端接一个R=0.05Ω的电阻．在导轨间长d=0.56m 的区域内，存在方向垂直导轨平面向下的匀强磁场，磁感应强度B=2.0T．质量m=4.0kg的金属棒CD水平置于导轨上，用绝缘绳索通过定滑轮与轻的拉杆GH 相连．CD棒的初始位置与磁场区域的下边界相距s=0.24m．一位健身者用F=80N 的恒力沿绳拉动GH杆，CD棒由静止开始运动，上升过程中CD棒始终与导轨垂直．当CD棒到达磁场上边界时健身者松手，触发恢复装置使CD棒回到初始位置．已知sin53°=0.8，cos53°=0.6，不计其它电阻、摩擦力，以及拉杆和绳索的质量．求：（1）CD棒进入磁场时速度v的大小；（2）通过数据计算，说明CD棒进入磁场后的运动情况．（3）若某位健身者的力气比较大，使用这套健身器材为了能达到较好的锻炼效果，是否一定要对装置做出改进或调节？给出理由．（4）某健身者锻炼过程中，没有保持80N的恒定拉力．若测出CD棒到达磁场。
2017年虹口区高考数学一模试卷含答案
2017年虹口区高考数学一模试卷含答案2016.12一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1. 已知集合{1,2,4,6,8}A =，{|2,}B x x k k A ==∈，则A B =I2. 已知21z i i=+-，则复数z 的虚部为 3. 设函数()sin cos f x x x =-，且()1f a =，则sin 2a =4. 已知二元一次方程111222a xb yc a x b y c +=⎧⎨+=⎩的增广矩阵是111113-⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，则此方程组的解是 5. 数列{}n a 是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，n S 是它前n 项和，则2lim nn n S a →∞= 6. 已知角A 是ABC ∆的内角，则“1cos 2A =”是“sin 2A =”的 条件（填“充 分非必要”、“必要非充分”、“充要条件”、“既非充分又非必要”之一）7. 若双曲线2221y x b -=的一个焦点到其渐近线距离为，则该双曲线焦距等于 8. 若正项等比数列{}n a 满足：354a a +=，则4a 的最大值为9. 一个底面半径为2的圆柱被与其底面所成角是60°的平面所截，截面是一个椭圆，则该椭圆的焦距等于10. 设函数61()211x x f x x x ⎧≥=⎨--≤-⎩，则当1x ≤-时，则[()]f f x 表达式的展开式中含2x 项的系数是11. 点(20,40)M ，抛物线22y px =（0p >）的焦点为F ，若对于抛物线上的任意点P ， ||||PM PF +的最小值为41，则p 的值等于12. 当实数x 、y 满足221x y +=时，|2||32|x y a x y +++--的取值与x 、y 均无关， 则实数a 的取值范围是二. 选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13. 在空间，α表示平面，m 、n 表示二条直线，则下列命题中错误的是（ ）A. 若m ∥α，m 、n 不平行，则n 与α不平行B. 若m ∥α，m 、n 不垂直，则n 与α不垂直C. 若m α⊥，m 、n 不平行，则n 与α不垂直D. 若m α⊥，m 、n 不垂直，则n 与α不平行14. 已知函数()sin(2)3f x x π=+在区间[0,]a （其中0a >）上单调递增，则实数a 的取值 范围是（ ）A. 02a π<≤ B. 012a π<≤ C. 12a k ππ=+，*k N ∈ D. 2212k a k πππ<≤+，k N ∈15. 如图，在圆C 中，点A 、B 在圆上，则AB AC ⋅u u u r u u u r 的值（ ）A. 只与圆C 的半径有关B. 既与圆C 的半径有关，又与弦AB 的长度有关C. 只与弦AB 的长度有关D. 是与圆C 的半径和弦AB 的长度均无关的定值 16. 定义(){}f x x =（其中{}x 表示不小于x 的最小整数）为“取上整函数”，例如{2.1}3=， {4}4=，以下关于“取上整函数”性质的描述，正确的是（ ）①(2)2()f x f x =；② 若12()()f x f x =，则121x x -<；③ 任意1x 、2x R ∈，1212()()()f x x f x f x +≤+；④1()()(2)2f x f x f x ++=；A. ①②B. ①③C. ②③D. ②④三. 解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18=76分）17. 在正三棱锥P ABC -中，已知底面等边三角形的边长为6，侧棱长为4；（1）求证：PA BC ⊥；（2）求此三棱锥的全面积和体积；18. 如图，我海蓝船在D 岛海域例行维权巡航，某时刻航行至A 处，此时测得其北偏东30° 方向与它相距20海里的B 处有一外国船只，且D 岛位于海蓝船正东18海里处；（1）求此时该外国船只与D 岛的距离；（2）观测中发现，此外国船只正以每小时4海里的速度沿正南方航行，为了将该船拦截在 离D 岛12海里的E 处（E 在B 的正南方向），不让其进入D 岛12海里内的海域，试确定 海蓝船的航向，并求其速度的最小值（角度精确到0.1°，速度精确到0.1海里/小时）；19. 已知二次函数2()4f x ax x c =-+的值域为[0,)+∞；（1）判断此函数的奇偶性，并说明理由； （2）判断此函数在2[,)a+∞的单调性，并用单调性的定义证明你的结论；（3）求出()f x 在[1,)+∞上的最小值()g a ，并求()g a 的值域；20. 椭圆2222:1x y C a b+=（0a b >>）过点(2,0)M ，且右焦点为(1,0)F ，过F 的直线l 与 椭圆C 相交于A 、B 两点，设点(4,3)P ，记PA 、PB 的斜率分别为1k 和2k ；（1）求椭圆C 的方程；（2）如果直线l 的斜率等于1-，求出12k k ⋅的值；（3）探讨12k k +是否为定值？如果是，求出该定值，如果不是，求出12k k +的取值范围；21. 已知函数()2|2||1|f x x x =+-+，无穷数列{}n a 的首项1a a =；（1）若()n a f n =（*n N ∈），写出数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）若1()n n a f a -=（*n N ∈且2n ≥），要使数列{}n a 是等差数列，求首项a 取值范围；（3）如果1()n n a f a -=（*n N ∈且2n ≥），求出数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S ；参考答案一. 填空题1. {2,4,8}2. 13. 04. 21x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 5. 146. 充分非必要7. 68. 29. 10. 6011. 22或42 12. )+∞二. 选择题13. A 14. B 15. C 16. C三. 解答题17.（1）略；（2）S =V =18.（1）；（2）东偏北41.8︒， 6.4v =海里/小时；19.（1）非奇非偶函数；（2）单调递增；（3）当02a <<，()0g a =；当2a ≥，4()4g a a a=+-；值域[0,)+∞； 20.（1）22143x y +=；（2）12；（3）2； 21.（1）3n a n =+；（2）{3}[1,)a ∈--+∞U ；（3）当2a ≤-，3(1)(2)(1)(3)2n n n S a n a --=+---+； 当21a -<≤-，3(1)(2)(1)(35)2n n n S a n a --=+-++； 当1a >-，3(1)2n n n S na -=+；。
2017年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷(解析版)
2017年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（1～6题每小题4分，7～12题每小题4分，本大题满分54分）1．已知集合A={1，2，4，6，8}，B={x|x=2k，k∈A}，则A∩B=．2．已知，则复数z的虚部为．3．设函数f（x）=sinx﹣cosx，且f（α）=1，则sin2α=．4．已知二元一次方程组的增广矩阵是，则此方程组的解是．5．数列{a n}是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，S n是它前n项和，则=．6．已知角A是△ABC的内角，则“”是“的条件（填“充分非必要”、“必要非充分”、“充要条件”、“既非充分又非必要”之一）．7．若双曲线x2﹣=1的一个焦点到其渐近线的距离为2，则该双曲线的焦距等于．8．若正项等比数列{a n}满足：a3+a5=4，则a4的最大值为．9．一个底面半径为2的圆柱被与其底面所成角是60°的平面所截，截面是一个椭圆，则该椭圆的焦距等于．10．设函数f（x）=，则当x≤﹣1时，则f[f（x）]表达式的展开式中含x2项的系数是．11．点M（20，40），抛物线y2=2px（p＞0）的焦点为F，若对于抛物线上的任意点P，|PM|+|PF|的最小值为41，则p的值等于．12．当实数x ，y 满足x 2+y 2=1时，|x +2y +a |+|3﹣x ﹣2y |的取值与x ，y 均无关，则实数a 的取范围是 ．二、选择题（每小题5分，满分20分）13．在空间，α表示平面，m ，n 表示二条直线，则下列命题中错误的是（ ）A ．若m ∥α，m 、n 不平行，则n 与α不平行B ．若m ∥α，m 、n 不垂直，则n 与α不垂直C ．若m ⊥α，m 、n 不平行，则n 与α不垂直D ．若m ⊥α，m 、n 不垂直，则n 与α不平行14．已知函数在区间[0，a ]（其中a ＞0）上单调递增，则实数a 的取值范围是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．15．如图，在圆C 中，点A 、B 在圆上，则的值（ ）A ．只与圆C 的半径有关B ．既与圆C 的半径有关，又与弦AB 的长度有关 C ．只与弦AB 的长度有关D ．是与圆C 的半径和弦AB 的长度均无关的定值16．定义f （x ）={x }（其中{x }表示不小于x 的最小整数）为“取上整函数”，例如{2.1}=3，{4}=4．以下关于“取上整函数”性质的描述，正确的是（ ） ①f （2x ）=2f （x ）； ②若f （x 1）=f （x 2），则x 1﹣x 2＜1；③任意x 1，x 2∈R ，f （x 1+x 2）≤f （x 1）+f （x 2）；④．A ．①②B ．①③C ．②③D ．②④三、解答题（本大题满分76分）17．在正三棱锥P﹣ABC中，已知底面等边三角形的边长为6，侧棱长为4．（1）求证：PA⊥BC；（2）求此三棱锥的全面积和体积．18．如图，我海监船在D岛海域例行维权巡航，某时刻航行至A处，此时测得其北偏东30°方向与它相距20海里的B处有一外国船只，且D岛位于海监船正东18海里处．（1）求此时该外国船只与D岛的距离；（2）观测中发现，此外国船只正以每小时4海里的速度沿正南方航行．为了将该船拦截在离D岛12海里的E处（E在B的正南方向），不让其进入D岛12海里内的海域，试确定海监船的航向，并求其速度的最小值（角度精确到0.1°，速度精确到0.1海里/小时）．19．已知二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域为[0，+∞）．（1）判断此函数的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）判断此函数在[，+∞）的单调性，并用单调性的定义证明你的结论；（3）求出f（x）在[1，+∞）上的最小值g（a），并求g（a）的值域．20．椭圆C：过点M（2，0），且右焦点为F（1，0），过F的直线l与椭圆C相交于A、B两点．设点P（4，3），记PA、PB的斜率分别为k1和k2．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）如果直线l的斜率等于﹣1，求出k1•k2的值；（3）探讨k1+k2是否为定值？如果是，求出该定值；如果不是，求出k1+k2的取值范围．21．已知函数f（x）=2|x+2|﹣|x+1|，无穷数列{a n}的首项a1=a．（1）如果a n=f（n）（n∈N*），写出数列{a n}的通项公式；（2）如果a n=f（a n﹣1）（n∈N*且n≥2），要使得数列{a n}是等差数列，求首项a 的取值范围；（3）如果a n=f（a n﹣1）（n∈N*且n≥2），求出数列{a n}的前n项和S n．2017年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（1～6题每小题4分，7～12题每小题4分，本大题满分54分）1．已知集合A={1，2，4，6，8}，B={x|x=2k，k∈A}，则A∩B={2，4，8} ．【考点】交集及其运算．【分析】先分别求出集合A和B，由此能出A∩B．【解答】解：∵集合A={1，2，4，6，8}，∴B={x|x=2k，k∈A}={2，4，8，12，19}，∴A∩B={2，4，8}．故答案为：{2，4，8}．2．已知，则复数z的虚部为1．【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算．【分析】由，得，利用复数复数代数形式的乘法运算化简，求出z，则答案可求．【解答】解：由，得=2﹣2i+i﹣i2=3﹣i，则z=3+i．∴复数z的虚部为：1．故答案为：1．3．设函数f（x）=sinx﹣cosx，且f（α）=1，则sin2α=0．【考点】二倍角的正弦．【分析】由已知可得sinα﹣cosα=1，两边平方，利用二倍角的正弦函数公式，同角三角函数基本关系式即可得解．【解答】解：∵f（x）=sinx﹣cosx，且f（α）=1，∴sinα﹣cosα=1，∴两边平方，可得：sin2α+cos2α﹣2sinαcosα=1，∴1﹣sin2α=1，可得：sin2α=0．故答案为：0．4．已知二元一次方程组的增广矩阵是，则此方程组的解是．【考点】系数矩阵的逆矩阵解方程组．【分析】先利用增广矩阵，写出相应的二元一次方程组，然后再求解即得．【解答】解：由题意，方程组解之得故答案为5．数列{a n}是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，S n是它前n项和，则=．【考点】数列的极限．【分析】求出数列的和以及通项公式，然后求解数列的极限即可．【解答】解：数列{a n}是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，S n==n2．a n=1+（n﹣1）×2=2n﹣1，则==故答案为：；6．已知角A是△ABC的内角，则“”是“的充分不必要条件（填“充分非必要”、“必要非充分”、“充要条件”、“既非充分又非必要”之一）．【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断．【分析】根据充分必要条件的定义以及三角函数值判断即可．【解答】解：A为△ABC的内角，则A∈（0，180°），若命题p：cosA=成立，则A=60°，sinA=；而命题q：sinA=成立，又由A∈（0，180°），则A=60°或120°；因此由p可以推得q成立，由q推不出p，可见p是q的充分不必要条件．故答案为：充分不必要．7．若双曲线x2﹣=1的一个焦点到其渐近线的距离为2，则该双曲线的焦距等于6．【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【分析】根据焦点到其渐近线的距离求出b的值即可得到结论．【解答】解：双曲线的渐近线为y=±bx，不妨设为y=﹣bx，即bx+y=0，焦点坐标为F（c，0），则焦点到其渐近线的距离d===b=2，则c====3，则双曲线的焦距等于2c=6，故答案为：68．若正项等比数列{a n}满足：a3+a5=4，则a4的最大值为2．【考点】等比数列的性质．【分析】利用数列{a n}是各项均为正数的等比数列，可得a3a5=a42，再利用基本不等式，即可求得a4的最大值．【解答】解：∵数列{a n}是各项均为正数的等比数列，∴a3a5=a42，∵等比数列{a n}各项均为正数，∴a3+a5≥2，当且仅当a3=a5=2时，取等号，∴a3=a5=2时，a4的最大值为2．故答案是：2．9．一个底面半径为2的圆柱被与其底面所成角是60°的平面所截，截面是一个椭圆，则该椭圆的焦距等于．【考点】椭圆的简单性质．【分析】利用已知条件，求出题意的长半轴，短半轴，然后求出半焦距，即可．【解答】解：因为底面半径为R的圆柱被与底面成30°的平面所截，其截口是一个椭圆，则这个椭圆的短半轴为：R，长半轴为：=8，∵a2=b2+c2，∴c==2，∴椭圆的焦距为；故答案为：4．10．设函数f（x）=，则当x≤﹣1时，则f[f（x）]表达式的展开式中含x2项的系数是60．【考点】分段函数的应用．【分析】根据分段函数的解析式先求出f[f（x）]表达式，再根据利用二项展开式的通项公式写出第r+1项，整理成最简形式，令x的指数为2求得r，再代入系数求出结果【解答】解：由函数f（x）=，当x≤﹣1时，f（x）=﹣2x﹣1，此时f（x）min=f（﹣1）=2﹣1=1，∴f[f（x）]=（﹣2x﹣1）6=（2x+1）6，=C6r2r x r，∴T r+1当r=2时，系数为C62×22=60，故答案为：6011．点M（20，40），抛物线y2=2px（p＞0）的焦点为F，若对于抛物线上的任意点P，|PM|+|PF|的最小值为41，则p的值等于42或22．【考点】抛物线的简单性质．【分析】过P做抛物线的准线的垂线，垂足为D，则|PF|=|PD|，当M（20，40）位于抛物线内，当M，P，D共线时，|PM|+|PF|的距离最小，20+=41，解得：p=42，当M（20，40）位于抛物线外，由勾股定理可知：=41，p=22或58，当p=58时，y2=116x，则点M（20，40）在抛物线内，舍去，即可求得p的值．【解答】解：由抛物线的定义可知：抛物线上的点到焦点距离=到准线的距离，过P做抛物线的准线的垂线，垂足为D，则|PF|=|PD|，当M（20，40）位于抛物线内，∴|PM|+|PF|=|PM|+|PD|，当M，P，D共线时，|PM|+|PF|的距离最小，由最小值为41，即20+=41，解得：p=42，当M（20，40）位于抛物线外，当P，M，F共线时，|PM|+|PF|取最小值，即=41，解得：p=22或58，由当p=58时，y2=116x，则点M（20，40）在抛物线内，舍去，故答案为：42或22．12．当实数x，y满足x2+y2=1时，|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|的取值与x，y均无关，则实数a的取范围是[，+∞）．【考点】圆方程的综合应用．【分析】根据实数x，y满足x2+y2=1，设x=cosθ，y=sinθ，求出x+2y的取值范围，再讨论a的取值范围，求出|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|的值与x，y均无关时a的取范围．【解答】解：∵实数x，y满足x2+y2=1，可设x=cosθ，y=sinθ，则x+2y=cosθ+2sinθ=sin（θ+α），其中α=arctan2；∴﹣≤x+2y≤，∴当a≥时，|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|=（x+2y+a）+（3﹣x﹣2y）=a+3，其值与x，y均无关；∴实数a的取范围是[，+∞）．故答案为：．二、选择题（每小题5分，满分20分）13．在空间，α表示平面，m，n表示二条直线，则下列命题中错误的是（）A．若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α不平行B．若m∥α，m、n不垂直，则n与α不垂直C．若m⊥α，m、n不平行，则n与α不垂直D．若m⊥α，m、n不垂直，则n与α不平行【考点】空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系；平面与平面之间的位置关系．【分析】对于A，若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α可能平行、相交或n⊂α，即可得出结论．【解答】解：对于A，若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α可能平行、相交或n ⊂α，故不正确．故选A．14．已知函数在区间[0，a]（其中a＞0）上单调递增，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】正弦函数的单调性．【分析】由条件利用正弦函数的单调性，可得2a+≤，求得a的范围．【解答】解：∵函数在区间[0，a]（其中a＞0）上单调递增，则2a+≤，求得a≤，故有0＜a≤，故选：B．15．如图，在圆C中，点A、B在圆上，则的值（）A．只与圆C的半径有关B．既与圆C的半径有关，又与弦AB的长度有关C．只与弦AB的长度有关D．是与圆C的半径和弦AB的长度均无关的定值【考点】平面向量数量积的运算．【分析】展开数量积，结合向量在向量方向上投影的概念可得=．则答案可求．【解答】解：如图，过圆心C作CD⊥AB，垂足为D，则=||||•cos∠CAB=．∴的值只与弦AB的长度有关．故选：C．16．定义f（x）={x}（其中{x}表示不小于x的最小整数）为“取上整函数”，例如{2.1}=3，{4}=4．以下关于“取上整函数”性质的描述，正确的是（）①f（2x）=2f（x）；②若f（x1）=f（x2），则x1﹣x2＜1；③任意x1，x2∈R，f（x1+x2）≤f（x1）+f（x2）；④．A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④【考点】函数与方程的综合运用．【分析】充分理解“取上整函数”的定义．如果选项不满足题意，只需要举例说明即可【解答】解：对于①，当x=1.4时，f（2x）=f（2.8）=3.2，f（1.4）=4．所以f （2x）≠2f（x）；①错．对于②，若f（x1）=f（x2）．当x1为整数时，f（x1）=x1，此时x2＞x1﹣1，即x1﹣x2＜1．当x1不是整数时，f（x1）=[x1]+1．[x1]表示不大于x1的最大整数．x2表示比x1的整数部分大1的整数或者是和x1保持相同整数的数，此时﹣x1﹣x2＜1．故②正确．对于③，当x1，x2∈Z，f（x1+x2）=f（x1）+f（x2），当x1，x2∉Z，f（x1+x2）＜f（x1）+f（x2），故正确；对于④，举例f（1.2）+f（1.2+0.5）=4≠f（2.4）=3．故④错误．故选：C．三、解答题（本大题满分76分）17．在正三棱锥P﹣ABC中，已知底面等边三角形的边长为6，侧棱长为4．（1）求证：PA⊥BC；（2）求此三棱锥的全面积和体积．【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积；棱柱、棱锥、棱台的侧面积和表面积；直线与平面垂直的性质．【分析】（1）取BC的中点M，连AM、BM．由△ABC是等边三角形，可得AM ⊥BC．再由PB=PC，得PM⊥BC．利用线面垂直的判定可得BC⊥平面PAM，进一步得到PA⊥BC；（2）记O是等边三角形的中心，则PO⊥平面ABC．由已知求出高，可求三棱锥的体积．求出各面的面积可得三棱锥的全面积．【解答】（1）证明：取BC的中点M，连AM、BM．∵△ABC是等边三角形，∴AM⊥BC．又∵PB=PC，∴PM⊥BC．∵AM∩PM=M，∴BC⊥平面PAM，则PA⊥BC；（2）解：记O是等边三角形的中心，则PO⊥平面ABC．∵△ABC是边长为6的等边三角形，∴．∴，，∵，∴；．18．如图，我海监船在D岛海域例行维权巡航，某时刻航行至A处，此时测得其北偏东30°方向与它相距20海里的B处有一外国船只，且D岛位于海监船正东18海里处．（1）求此时该外国船只与D岛的距离；（2）观测中发现，此外国船只正以每小时4海里的速度沿正南方航行．为了将该船拦截在离D岛12海里的E处（E在B的正南方向），不让其进入D岛12海里内的海域，试确定海监船的航向，并求其速度的最小值（角度精确到0.1°，速度精确到0.1海里/小时）．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系．【分析】（1）依题意，在△ABD中，∠DAB=60°，由余弦定理求得DB；（2）法一、过点B作BH⊥AD于点H，在Rt△ABH中，求解直角三角形可得HE、AE的值，进一步得到sin∠EAH，则∠EAH可求，求出外国船只到达E处的时间t，由求得速度的最小值．法二、建立以点A为坐标原点，AD为x轴，过点A往正北作垂直的y轴．可得A，D，B的坐标，设经过t小时外国船到达点，结合ED=12，得，列等式求得t，则，，再由求得速度的最小值．【解答】解：（1）依题意，在△ABD中，∠DAB=60°，由余弦定理得DB2=AD2+AB2﹣2AD•AB•cos60°=182+202﹣2×18×15×cos60°=364，∴，即此时该外国船只与D岛的距离为海里；（2）法一、过点B作BH⊥AD于点H，在Rt△ABH中，AH=10，∴HD=AD﹣AH=8，以D为圆心，12为半径的圆交BH于点E，连结AE、DE，在Rt△DEH中，HE=，∴，又AE=，∴sin∠EAH=，则≈41.81°．外国船只到达点E的时间（小时）．∴海监船的速度（海里/小时）．又90°﹣41.81°=48.2°，故海监船的航向为北偏东48.2°，速度的最小值为6.4海里/小时．法二、建立以点A为坐标原点，AD为x轴，过点A往正北作垂直的y轴．则A（0，0），D（18，0），，设经过t小时外国船到达点，又ED=12，得，此时（小时）．则，，∴监测船的航向东偏北41.81°．∴海监船的速度（海里/小时）．19．已知二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域为[0，+∞）．（1）判断此函数的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）判断此函数在[，+∞）的单调性，并用单调性的定义证明你的结论；（3）求出f（x）在[1，+∞）上的最小值g（a），并求g（a）的值域．【考点】二次函数的性质．【分析】（1）由二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域，推出ac=4，判断f（﹣1）≠f（1），f（﹣1）≠﹣f（1），得到此函数是非奇非偶函数．（2）求出函数的单调递增区间．设x1、x2是满足的任意两个数，列出不等式，推出f（x2）＞f（x1），即可判断函数是单调递增．（3）f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c，当，即0＜a≤2时，当，即a＞2时求出最小值即可．【解答】解：（1）由二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域为[0，+∞），得a＞0且，解得ac=4．…∵f（1）=a+c﹣4，f（﹣1）=a+c+4，a＞0且c＞0，从而f（﹣1）≠f（1），f（﹣1）≠﹣f（1），∴此函数是非奇非偶函数．…（2）函数的单调递增区间是[，+∞）．设x1、x2是满足的任意两个数，从而有，∴．又a＞0，∴，从而，即，从而f（x2）＞f（x1），∴函数在[，+∞）上是单调递增．…（3）f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c，又a＞0，，x∈[1，+∞）当，即0＜a≤2时，最小值g（a）=f（x0）=0当，即a＞2时，最小值综上，最小值…当0＜a≤2时，最小值g（a）=0当a＞2时，最小值综上y=g（a）的值域为[0，+∞）…20．椭圆C：过点M（2，0），且右焦点为F（1，0），过F 的直线l与椭圆C相交于A、B两点．设点P（4，3），记PA、PB的斜率分别为k1和k2．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）如果直线l的斜率等于﹣1，求出k1•k2的值；（3）探讨k1+k2是否为定值？如果是，求出该定值；如果不是，求出k1+k2的取值范围．【考点】直线与椭圆的位置关系．【分析】（1）利用已知条件求出b，即可求解椭圆方程．（2）直线l：y=﹣x+1，设AB坐标，联立利用韦达定理以及斜率公式求解即可．（3）当直线AB的斜率不存在时，不妨设A，B，求出斜率，即可；当直线AB 的斜率存在时，设其为k，求直线AB：y=k（x﹣1），联立直线与椭圆的方程组，利用韦达定理以及斜率公式化简求解即可．【解答】解：（1）∵a=2，又c=1，∴，∴椭圆方程为…（2）直线l：y=﹣x+1，设A（x1，y1）B（x2，y2），由消y得7x2﹣8x﹣8=0，有，．……（3）当直线AB的斜率不存在时，不妨设A（1，），B（1，﹣），则，，故k1+k2=2．…当直线AB的斜率存在时，设其为k，则直线AB：y=k（x﹣1），设A（x1，y1）B （x2，y2），由消y得（4k2+3）x2﹣8k2x+（4k2﹣12）=0，有，．…=…21．已知函数f（x）=2|x+2|﹣|x+1|，无穷数列{a n}的首项a1=a．（1）如果a n=f（n）（n∈N*），写出数列{a n}的通项公式；（2）如果a n=f（a n﹣1）（n∈N*且n≥2），要使得数列{a n}是等差数列，求首项a 的取值范围；（3）如果a n=f（a n﹣1）（n∈N*且n≥2），求出数列{a n}的前n项和S n．【考点】数列与函数的综合．【分析】（1）化简函数f（x）为分段函数，然后求出a n=f（n）=n+3．（2）如果{a n}是等差数列，求出公差d，首项，然后求解a的范围．（3）当a≥﹣1时，求出前n项和，当﹣2≤a≤﹣1时，当a≤﹣2时，分别求出n项和即可．【解答】解：（1）∵函数f（x）=2|x+2|﹣|x+1|=，…又n≥1且n∈N*，∴a n=f（n）=n+3．…（2）如果{a n}是等差数列，则a n﹣a n﹣1=d，a n=a n﹣1+d，由f（x）知一定有a n=a n﹣1+3，公差d=3．当a1≥﹣1时，符合题意．当﹣2≤a1≤﹣1时，a2=3a1+5，由a2﹣a1=3得3a1+5﹣a1=3，得a1=﹣1，a2=2．当a1≤﹣2时，a2=﹣a1﹣3，由a2﹣a1=3得﹣a1﹣3﹣a1=3，得a1=﹣3，此时a2=0．综上所述，可得a的取值范围是a≥﹣1或a=﹣3．…（3）当a≥﹣1时，a n=f（a n﹣1）=a n﹣1+3，∴数列{a n}是以a为首项，公差为3的等差数列，．…当﹣2≤a≤﹣1时，a2=3a1+5=3a+5≥﹣1，∴n≥3时，a n=a n﹣1+3．∴n=1时，S1=a．n≥2时，又S1=a也满足上式，∴（n∈N*）…当a≤﹣2时，a2=﹣a1﹣3=﹣a﹣3≥﹣1，∴n≥3时，a n=a n﹣1+3．∴n=1时，S1=a．n≥2时，又S1=a也满足上式，∴（n∈N*）．综上所述：S n=．…．。
2017学年第一学期虹口区高三英语一模试卷+答案
虹口区2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2017.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷 (共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 2:02. B. 2:20. C. 2:50. D. 2:32.2. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.3. A. At a hairdresser’s. B. At the dentist’s.C. At a fashion show.D. At the tailor’s.4. A. The man lost his way. B. The man was locked in the room.C. He couldn’t open the door.D. He didn’t want to enter the room.5. A. She is working at a newspaper.B. She used to change her job quite often.C. She often has lunch with her supervisor.D. She wants her supervisor’s comments on her work.6. A. The man’s glasses are up to date.B. The man should wear his glasses in class.C. The man should have changed his glasses.D. The man shouldn’t sit at the back of the classroom.7. A. Take the bus with him. B. Drive him home from the station.C. Call him this evening.D. Drive him to the station.8. A. Where he is studying. B. What subject he is studying.C. How long he has been abroad.D. When he is returning.9. A. She wants to buy a new computer. B. She wants to know more about computers.C. She is unwilling to listen to the man.D. She believes what the man is talking about.10. A. Because she hasn’t shown up. B. Because she drives too slowly.C. Because she is very rude to him.D. Because she is always in a rush.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A doctor.C. A teacher of a laboratory.D. A professor in the hospital.12. A. He will be punished severely.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He can make up the classes.D. He will be allowed to remain if he has a good excuse.13. A. It should be cut.B. It must be fastened tightly back.C. It should be reported as an accident.D. The long hair wearer will be asked to leave the class.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In the 1870s. B. In 1926. C. By 1940. D. By 1817.15. A. He wanted to cut back production costs.B. He wanted the working people to earn more money.C. He thought the Americans’ life should be organized in a better way.D. He thought the five-day workweek was good for the economy.16. A. People drink a lot of alcohol.B. Night movies sell more tickets.C. TV shows more films of murder and love.D. People do things with emotion and purpose at night.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The design of the courses. B. The choice of the courses.C. The registration of the courses.D. The evaluation of the courses.18. A. Mathematics. B. Modern History.C. Chemistry.D. International Trade.19. A. Go directly to the classes. B. Ask other students for help.C. Speak to Professor Anderson.D. Go to the registration office first.20. A. To register at least one selective course every term.B. To register for at least one course each year.C. To register for the courses before the deadline.D. To choose no more than two courses every term.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” said HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to improve the situation.”Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.”But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not workin g properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.” he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For e xample, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that su ch a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,”“I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Migrant workersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have 41 most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the 42 in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 43 outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the 44 living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a 45 attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low 46 or a complete lack of it. This 47 the amount of pay received byvisiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage. 48 , the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. 49 , many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater 50 to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do 51 work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are 52 ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be 53 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this 54 , along with others, because of the 55 financial benefits which they receive.41. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted42. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint43. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out44. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable45. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final46. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation47. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects48. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words49. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D. However50. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D. challenge51. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential52. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary53. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected54. A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation55. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potentialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-three years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chanceof a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module(登月舱)was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle(轻声笑), saying: “It was neve r a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his achievemen t. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger(记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give hima wink (眨眼示意),” his family said t o Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of ourdaily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.(B)You may read the questions first.Indian Heroes and Great ChieftainsThe book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.Name: Sitting BullBirth: 1831Death: 12-15-1890He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997documentary (纪录片) — The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, acomposer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and CheyenneNations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but heturned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He ledhis people during years of resistance to United States government policies andwas killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.Name: Crazy HorseBirth: 1842Death: 9-5-1877Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior（勇士）and a gentle leader as well as abrave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux,celebrated for hisbattle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions andway of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, hefought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars.Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deedsand not of words”.Name: Red CloudBirth: 1822Death: 12-10-1909He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In1868, he refused to sign a treaty(条约), which stated that the Black Hillsdidn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t beentered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’sbook Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing thegovernment to give in and pull out of the area.Name: Lozen QuanahBirth: late 1840sDeath: 1890Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people.She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good atriding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skillwas considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.60. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse?A. He was friendly to his soldier.B. He showed great courage.C. He was a great talker.D. He was respected.61. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. Sitting Bull disliked travelingB. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian historyC. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrowsD. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses62. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.A. show Indians’ lives to readersB. describe great Indian heroes and heroinesC. show the history of the IndiansD. comment on a history book(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s n ew morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. 68Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The researchers note that attention shoul d be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins vo lunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort(陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.（请将答案写在答题纸上）第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 熬夜大大影响健康。
上海市2017虹口区初三语文一模试卷(含答案)
2017 年虹口区初三一模语文试题一、文言文部分（40 分）（一）默写（15 分）1、日暮乡关何处是，。
（《黄鹤楼》）2、，人约黄昏后。
（《生查子·元夕》）3、……轻烟老树寒鸦，。
（《天净沙·秋思》）4、，在乎山水之间也。
（《醉翁亭记》）5、，故克之。
（《曹刿论战》）（二）阅读下面一首词，完成 6-7 题（4 分）破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之【宋】辛弃疾醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。
八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声，沙场秋点兵。
马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。
了却君王天下事，赢得生前身后名。
可怜白发生。
6、对标题中“壮词”词义理解最合理的一项是（）（2 分） A.壮志之词 B.壮丽之词 C.壮观之词 D.壮美之词7、词中划线句表达出作者的心愿是（2 分）（三）阅读下文，完成第 8-10 题（8 分）岳阳楼记（节选）若夫淫雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐曜，山岳潜形；商旅不行，樯倾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。
登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。
至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳；岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。
而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。
嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居庙堂之高则忧其民；处江湖之远则忧其君。
是进亦忧，退亦忧。
然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”欤！噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？8、选文的作者是（人名），本文是受（人名）之邀而作的。
（2 分）9、用现代汉语翻译文中划线句（3 分）予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为。
10、下列理解正确的一项是（）（4 分）A.前两段流露出作者“悲”和“喜”两种不同的感情。
B.写“春和景明”之景是为了反衬“喜洋洋”的心情。
C.作者与“古仁人”都有相同的生活态度和政治抱负。
2017上海虹口初三数学一模
九年级中考数学（模拟一） 2017虹口区数学一模（满分150分，考试时间100分钟） 2017.1考生注意：1．本试卷含三个大题，共25题；2．答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效；3．除第一、二大题外，其余各题如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤．一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）[下列各题的四个选项中，有且只有一个选项是正确的，选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上．]A．； B．； C．； D．．3．计算的结果是A．； B．； C．； D．．4．抛物线顶点的坐标是A．（2，4）； B．（2，－4）； C．（－2，4）； D.（－2，－4）．5．抛物线上有两点、，下列说法中，正确的是A．若，则； B．若，则；C．若，则； D．若，则.A．3； B．6； C．9； D．12．二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）[请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置]8．如果向量与单位向量方向相反，且长度为2，那么用向量表示= ▲．9．如果抛物线开口向下，那么的取值范围是▲．10．如果抛物线经过点（0，1），那么= ▲．11．若将抛物线向左平移3个单位，则所得到的新抛物线表达式为▲．12．如图，抛物线的对称轴为直线，如果点A（0，4）为此抛物线上一点，那么当时， = ▲．13．已知△ABC∽△A1B1C1，顶点A、B、C分别与A1、B1、C1对应，BE、B1E1分别是∠B、∠B1的对应角平分线，如果AB：A1B1=2：3，那么BE：B1E1＝▲．14．如图，在△ABC中，∠C = 90°，如果AB = 13，AC = 5，那么tanA= ▲．16．如图，已知点O为△ABC内一点，点D、E分别在边AB和AC上，且，18．如图，在梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，AB⊥BC，AD=1，BC=3，点P是边AB上一点，如果把△BCP沿折痕CP向上翻折，点B恰好与点D重合，那么sin∠ADP为▲．19．（本题满分10分）计算：．20．（本题满分10分，第（1）小题满分6分，第（2）小题满分4分）已知二次函数的图像经过A(1，0)、B(-1，16)、C(0，10)三点．（2）用配方法将该函数解析式化为的形式．21．（本题满分10分）求证:．22．（本题满分10分）如图，在大楼AB的正前方有一斜坡CD长为13米，坡度为，高为DE．在斜坡底的点C处测得楼顶B的仰角为64°，在斜坡顶的点D处测得楼顶B的仰角为45°，其中点A、C、E在同一直线上，求斜坡的高DE与大楼AB的高度．（参考数据：sin64°≈0.9， tan64°≈2）23．（本题满分12分，第（1）小题满分6分，第（2）小题满分6分）如图，在△ABC中，点D、E分别在边AB、AC上，，∠BAC的平分线AG分别交线段DE、BC于点F、G．（1）求证：△ADF∽△ACG；．24．（本题满分12分，第（1）小题满分4分，第（2）小题满分4分，第（3）小题满分4分）如图，抛物线与x轴交于点A和点B(5，0)，与y轴交于点C,抛物线的顶点为点P．（1）求抛物线的表达式并写出顶点P的坐标；（2）在x轴上方的抛物线上有一点D，若∠ABD=∠ABP，试求出点D的坐标；25．（本题满分14分，第（1）小题满分4分，第（2）小题满分6分，第（3）小题满分4分）如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB=90°，AC=4，BC=3，点D为边BC上一动点（不与点B、C重合），联结AD，过点C作CF⊥AD，分别交AB、AD于点E、F，设DC=x，．（1）当时，求的值；（2）求y关于x的函数关系式，并写出x的取值范围；（3）当时，在边AC上取点G，联结BG，分别交CE、AD于点M、N.当△MNF∽△ABC时，请直接写出AG的长．虹口区2016学年第一学期初三数学学科期终教学质量监控测试题评分参考建议2017.1说明：1．解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法．如果考生的解法与所列解法不同，可参照解答中评分标准相应评分；2．第一、二大题若无特别说明，每题评分只有满分或零分；3．第三大题中各题右端所注分数，表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数；4．评阅试卷，要坚持每题评阅到底，不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅．如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误，影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度，视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分，但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半；5．评分时，给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位．一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）∴该二次函数解析式为………………………………………（1分）……………………………………………………………（2分）22．解：过点D作DF⊥AB，垂足为点F∵又∵∴∴设DE=5k，EC=12k …………………………………………………………（1分）在Rt△DEC中，…………………………………（1分）∵DC=13 ∴k=1 ∴DE=5…………………………………………………（1分）可得EC=12 ………………………………………………………………………（1分）设CA=x，则AE=x+12 …………………………………………………………（1分）可得四边形AEDF为矩形，∴DF=AE=x+12，AF=DE=5在Rt△ABC中，∠BCA=64°，∴…………………………………………………（1分）在Rt△BDF中，∠BDF=45°，∴……………………………………………………………（1分）∵BF=AB-AF ∴x+12=2x-5………………………………………………（1分）解得x=17∴AB≈2x≈34 ……………………………………………………………………（1分）答：斜坡的高度DE为5米，大楼AB的高度约为34米．………………………（1分）23．（1）证明：∵又∵∠DAE=∠CAB∴∠ADE=∠C…………………………………………………………………（2分）∵AG平分∠BAC ∴∠DAF=∠CAG（2）解：∵∠AGD=∠B 又∵∠DAG=∠GAB ∴…………………………………………………………………（1分）∴∴……………………………………………（1分）∵∴AC＝8 ………………………………………………………………………（1分）24．解：（1）把点B(5，0)代入得解得 b=-6………………………………………………（1分）∴抛物线表达式为…………………………………………（1分）。
2017上海高考英语虹口区一模
2017上海高考英语虹口区一模虹口区2016-2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2016.12 II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) on the rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those wholive nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet(花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The wor ds “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking(鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis(假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood orwork/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions(交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put youat risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay(指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s when good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C.technologyD. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C.economicalD.moderate43. A.definiteB. possibleC. formalD. legal44. A. work out B. makesoutC. givesoutD. sendsout45. A. Refunding B.DepositingC. PayingD.Withdrawing46. A. B. C. D. troublesbargains purchases preparations47. A. Similarly B.MeanwhileC.FurthermoreD.However48. A. introductio n B. contact C.cooperationD.extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A.questionB. reasonC. conceptD. solution51. A. reserved B.providedC.intendedD. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D.purposefully53. A. inexact B.unnecessaryC.impracticalD.inconvenient54. A. cancelled B.registeredC. testedD.restricted55. A. B. demand C. prefer D. aimattemptSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days everymonth.Pete Cohen, GMTV’s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wilfing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet users need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from , said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are there for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfinginstead. It’s important that people do not allow unnecessary online distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect productivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people’s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you’ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven’t been checked for months.(B)Shanghai Disneyland: Attractions and TipsWelcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. This is Shanghai Disneyland, a fun experience filled with creativity, adventure and thrills for Guests of all ages! Set your sights on Enchanted Storybook Castle -- the largest Disney castle on the planet -- and then get ready to explore as you discover 6 unique and unforgettable lands: Mickey Avenue, Gardens of Imagination, Fantasyland, Adventure Isle, Treasure Cove and Tomorrowland.Opening HoursJun -- Sept Monday -- Thursday: 09:00 -- 21:00Friday -- Sunday: 08:00 -- 22:00Oct -- Dec Sunday -- Friday: 10:00 -- 19:00Saturday: 09:00 -- 20:00Ticket BookingVisitors can book tickets on the official website or mobile app of the park orby calling 400-180-0000 /86-21-31580000. They canalso follow the officialWechat account ShangHaiDisneyResort tobook a ticket. Of course, tickets can be bought at the entrance, but there may be a long queue. Visitors need to show passports or ID cards to book tickets and enter.Five Things You S houldn’t Miss●TRON Lightcycle Power Run●Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the SunkenTreasure●“Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade●Enchanted Storybook Castle●Broadway-style show The Lion KingSpecial RecommendationThe cartoon characters Judy and Nick in Zootopia, the animated movie whose box office hit $1 billion globally in 2016, will be added to Disney’ssignature “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade, said Robert Iger, the president and CEO of Walt Disney.Things to Remember●Only well-packaged food and water areallowed.●Selfie sticks, large tripods, folding chairs, andlarge luggage are banned.●Visitors above 16 should not be dressed incartoon, movie and comic costumes.●Disney Fastpass tickets for free can save youfrom waiting in a long queue.●Comfortable sneakers are stronglyrecommended for a long walk during the day.●Animals are not allowed to enter as well,excluding guide dogs.60. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Enchanted Storybook Castle is a must-see sightB. Broadway-style show The Lion King is a 3D movieC. “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade earns $1 billion in 2016D. Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure is an animated movie61. What day is supposed to be the busiest day according to the passage?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Saturday.D. Sunday.62. It can be concluded from the last part of the passage that ______.A. blind people are not allowed to visit the landsB. visitors can only eat and drink at certain placesC. cartoon costumes and uncomfortable sneakers are bannedD. Disney Fastpass tickets can help visitors enter the lands fast(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit(轨道) around the moon.The students are fromCornell University in thestate of New York. Theyare taking part in acompetition called theCube Quest Challenge. It isa program of NASA, the American space agency. The Cornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. The word cislunar means “between the earth and the moon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.”NASA officials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other thanrockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release.“But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re al ready in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark(火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun,moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small andflight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at CornellUniversity according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space Journey Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Good of GardeningDo you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden.This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which i s my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it’s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with thetextbook under the pillow(枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember mo re than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of justrereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’s no harm in indulging (放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences intoEnglish, using the words given in the brackets.1、干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why）2、全市所有的公园都应对市民免费开放。
2017上海高考英语虹口区一模
虹口区2016-2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2016.12II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) on the rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet (花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar(圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, f or richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vow s, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both__32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic(人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and mar ried parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions(交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.Bu t, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s when good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days every month.Pete Cohen, GMTV’s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wilfing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet use rs need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from ,said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are t here for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfing instead. It’s important that people do not allow unnecessaryonline distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect productivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people’s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you’ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven’t been checked for months.(B)Shanghai Disneyland: Attractions and TipsWelcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. This is Shanghai Disneyland, a fun experience filled with creativity, adventure and thrills for Guests of all ages! Set your sights on Enchanted Storybook Castle -- the largest Disney castle on the planet -- and then get ready to explore as you discover 6 unique and unforgettable lands: Mickey Avenue, Gardens of Imagination, Fantasyland, Adventure Isle, Treasure Cove and Tomorrowland.Opening HoursJun -- Sept Monday -- Thursday: 09:00 -- 21:00 Friday -- Sunday: 08:00 -- 22:00Oct -- Dec Sunday -- Friday: 10:00 -- 19:00 Saturday: 09:00 -- 20:00Ticket BookingVisitors can book tickets on the official website or mobile app of the park or by calling 400-180-0000 / 86-21-31580000. They can also follow the official Wechat account ShangHaiDisneyResort to book a ticket.Of course, tickets can be bought at the entrance, but there may be a long queue. Visitors need to show passports or ID cards to book tickets and enter.Five Things You S houldn’t Miss●TRON Lightcycle Power Run●Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure●“Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade●Enchanted Storybook Castle●Broadway-style show The Lion KingSpecial RecommendationThe cartoon characters Judy and Nick in Zootopia, the animated movie whose box office hit $1 billion globally in 2016, will be added to Disney’s signature “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade, said Robert Iger, the president and CEO of Walt Disney.Things to Remember●Only well-packaged food and water are allowed.●Selfie sticks, large tripods, folding chairs, and large luggage are banned.●Visitors above 16 should not be dressed in cartoon, movie and comic costumes.●Disney Fastpass tickets for free can save you from waiting in a long queue.●Comfortable sneakers are strongly recommended for a long walk during the day.●Animals are not allowed to enter as well, excluding guide dogs.60. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Enchanted Storybook Castle is a must-see sightB. Broadway-style show The Lion King is a 3D movieC. “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade earns $1 billion in 2016D. Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure is an animated movie61. What day is supposed to be the busiest day according to the passage?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Saturday.D. Sunday.62. It can be concluded from the last part of the passage that ______.A. blind people are not allowed to visit the landsB. visitors can only eat and drink at certain placesC. cartoon costumes and uncomfortable sneakers are bannedD. Disney Fastpass tickets can help visitors enter the lands fast(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in acompetition called the Cube Quest Challenge. It is aprogram of NASA, the American space agency. TheCornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. Theword cislunar means “between the e arth and the moon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver “flight-qualified, small satellit es.”NASA officials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release.“But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Good of GardeningDo you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 whic h is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it’s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow (枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organi z e five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter (荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’s no harm in indulging (放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!第II 卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why ）2、全市所有的公园都应对市民免费开放。
(完整版)2017年虹口区初三英语一模试卷
2017.1 虹口区初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷（满分150分，完卷时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening （第一部分 听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)() 7. A. A bakery. B. A coin shop.C. A book store.D. A shoe shop.() 8. A. At 11 o’clock. B. At 8 o’clock.C. At 9 o’clock.D. At 10 o’clock.() 9. A. Jack. B. Tom. C. John. D. Mary.() 10. A. 80 dollars. B. 60 dollars. C. 40 dollars. D. 20 dollars.() 11. A. Warm. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. D. Rainy.() 12. A. Dangerous. B. Relaxing. C. Exciting. D. Dull.() 13. A. Mike is often late. B. Mike is ill again.C. Mike has no idea.D. Mike is angry now.() 14. A. Because she doesn’t know the man.B. Because she doesn’t understand what the man says.C. Because she is not familiar with the place.D. Because she doesn’t want to go there.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）() 15. The driver checked the wheels(轮胎) carefully because there was somethingwrong with them.() 16. The driver saw a lot of bees(蜜蜂) following the car when he turned his head. () 17. On his way to the village, he learned that a queen bee had hidden in his car. () 18. The man drove as fast as he could in order to get rid of the following bees.() 19. The driver called the police as his car was covered with unwelcome passengers. () 20. The story tells us that a bee-keeper is good at solving difficult problems.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences(听短文，完成下列句子。
2017年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷Word版含解析
2017年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（1～6题每小题4分，7～12题每小题4分，本大题满分54分）1．已知集合A={1，2，4，6，8}，B={x|x=2k，k∈A}，则A∩B=．2．已知，则复数z的虚部为．3．设函数f（x）=sinx﹣cosx，且f（α）=1，则sin2α=．4．已知二元一次方程组的增广矩阵是，则此方程组的解是．5．数列{a n}是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，S n是它前n项和，则=．6．已知角A是△ABC的内角，则“”是“的条件（填“充分非必要”、“必要非充分”、“充要条件”、“既非充分又非必要”之一）．7．若双曲线x2﹣=1的一个焦点到其渐近线的距离为2，则该双曲线的焦距等于．8．若正项等比数列{a n}满足：a3+a5=4，则a4的最大值为．9．一个底面半径为2的圆柱被与其底面所成角是60°的平面所截，截面是一个椭圆，则该椭圆的焦距等于．10．设函数f（x）=，则当x≤﹣1时，则f[f（x）]表达式的展开式中含x2项的系数是．11．点M（20，40），抛物线y2=2px（p＞0）的焦点为F，若对于抛物线上的任意点P，|PM|+|PF|的最小值为41，则p的值等于．12．当实数x，y满足x2+y2=1时，|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|的取值与x，y均无关，则实数a的取范围是．二、选择题（每小题5分，满分20分）13．在空间，α表示平面，m，n表示二条直线，则下列命题中错误的是（）A．若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α不平行B．若m∥α，m、n不垂直，则n与α不垂直C．若m⊥α，m、n不平行，则n与α不垂直D．若m⊥α，m、n不垂直，则n与α不平行14．已知函数在区间[0，a]（其中a＞0）上单调递增，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．B．C．D．15．如图，在圆C中，点A、B在圆上，则的值（）A．只与圆C的半径有关B．既与圆C的半径有关，又与弦AB的长度有关C．只与弦AB的长度有关D．是与圆C的半径和弦AB的长度均无关的定值16．定义f（x）={x}（其中{x}表示不小于x的最小整数）为“取上整函数”，例如{2.1}=3，{4}=4．以下关于“取上整函数”性质的描述，正确的是（）①f（2x）=2f（x）；②若f（x1）=f（x2），则x1﹣x2＜1；③任意x1，x2∈R，f（x1+x2）≤f（x1）+f（x2）；④．A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④三、解答题（本大题满分76分）17．在正三棱锥P﹣ABC中，已知底面等边三角形的边长为6，侧棱长为4．（1）求证：PA⊥BC；（2）求此三棱锥的全面积和体积．18．如图，我海监船在D岛海域例行维权巡航，某时刻航行至A处，此时测得其北偏东30°方向与它相距20海里的B处有一外国船只，且D岛位于海监船正东18海里处．（1）求此时该外国船只与D岛的距离；（2）观测中发现，此外国船只正以每小时4海里的速度沿正南方航行．为了将该船拦截在离D岛12海里的E处（E在B的正南方向），不让其进入D岛12海里内的海域，试确定海监船的航向，并求其速度的最小值（角度精确到0.1°，速度精确到0.1海里/小时）．19．已知二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域为[0，+∞）．（1）判断此函数的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）判断此函数在[，+∞）的单调性，并用单调性的定义证明你的结论；（3）求出f（x）在[1，+∞）上的最小值g（a），并求g（a）的值域．20．椭圆C：过点M（2，0），且右焦点为F（1，0），过F的直线l与椭圆C相交于A、B两点．设点P（4，3），记PA、PB的斜率分别为k1和k2．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）如果直线l的斜率等于﹣1，求出k1•k2的值；（3）探讨k1+k2是否为定值？如果是，求出该定值；如果不是，求出k1+k2的取值范围．21．已知函数f（x）=2|x+2|﹣|x+1|，无穷数列{a n}的首项a1=a．（1）如果a n=f（n）（n∈N*），写出数列{a n}的通项公式；（2）如果a n=f（a n）（n∈N*且n≥2），要使得数列{a n}是等差数列，求首项a﹣1的取值范围；（3）如果a n=f（a n）（n∈N*且n≥2），求出数列{a n}的前n项和S n．﹣12017年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（1～6题每小题4分，7～12题每小题4分，本大题满分54分）1．已知集合A={1，2，4，6，8}，B={x|x=2k，k∈A}，则A∩B={2，4，8} ．【考点】交集及其运算．【分析】先分别求出集合A和B，由此能出A∩B．【解答】解：∵集合A={1，2，4，6，8}，∴B={x|x=2k，k∈A}={2，4，8，12，19}，∴A∩B={2，4，8}．故答案为：{2，4，8}．2．已知，则复数z的虚部为1．【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算．【分析】由，得，利用复数复数代数形式的乘法运算化简，求出z，则答案可求．【解答】解：由，得=2﹣2i+i﹣i2=3﹣i，则z=3+i．∴复数z的虚部为：1．故答案为：1．3．设函数f（x）=sinx﹣cosx，且f（α）=1，则sin2α=0．【考点】二倍角的正弦．【分析】由已知可得sinα﹣cosα=1，两边平方，利用二倍角的正弦函数公式，同角三角函数基本关系式即可得解．【解答】解：∵f（x）=sinx﹣cosx，且f（α）=1，∴sinα﹣cosα=1，∴两边平方，可得：sin2α+cos2α﹣2sinαcosα=1，∴1﹣sin2α=1，可得：sin2α=0．故答案为：0．4．已知二元一次方程组的增广矩阵是，则此方程组的解是．【考点】系数矩阵的逆矩阵解方程组．【分析】先利用增广矩阵，写出相应的二元一次方程组，然后再求解即得．【解答】解：由题意，方程组解之得故答案为5．数列{a n}是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，S n是它前n项和，则=．【考点】数列的极限．【分析】求出数列的和以及通项公式，然后求解数列的极限即可．【解答】解：数列{a n}是首项为1，公差为2的等差数列，S n==n2．a n=1+（n﹣1）×2=2n﹣1，则==故答案为：；6．已知角A是△ABC的内角，则“”是“的充分不必要条件（填“充分非必要”、“必要非充分”、“充要条件”、“既非充分又非必要”之一）．【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断．【分析】根据充分必要条件的定义以及三角函数值判断即可．【解答】解：A为△ABC的内角，则A∈（0，180°），若命题p：cosA=成立，则A=60°，sinA=；而命题q：sinA=成立，又由A∈（0，180°），则A=60°或120°；因此由p可以推得q成立，由q推不出p，可见p是q的充分不必要条件．故答案为：充分不必要．7．若双曲线x2﹣=1的一个焦点到其渐近线的距离为2，则该双曲线的焦距等于6．【考点】双曲线的简单性质．【分析】根据焦点到其渐近线的距离求出b的值即可得到结论．【解答】解：双曲线的渐近线为y=±bx，不妨设为y=﹣bx，即bx+y=0，焦点坐标为F（c，0），则焦点到其渐近线的距离d===b=2，则c====3，则双曲线的焦距等于2c=6，故答案为：68．若正项等比数列{a n}满足：a3+a5=4，则a4的最大值为2．【考点】等比数列的性质．【分析】利用数列{a n}是各项均为正数的等比数列，可得a3a5=a42，再利用基本不等式，即可求得a4的最大值．【解答】解：∵数列{a n}是各项均为正数的等比数列，∴a3a5=a42，∵等比数列{a n}各项均为正数，∴a3+a5≥2，当且仅当a3=a5=2时，取等号，∴a3=a5=2时，a4的最大值为2．故答案是：2．9．一个底面半径为2的圆柱被与其底面所成角是60°的平面所截，截面是一个椭圆，则该椭圆的焦距等于．【考点】椭圆的简单性质．【分析】利用已知条件，求出题意的长半轴，短半轴，然后求出半焦距，即可．【解答】解：因为底面半径为R的圆柱被与底面成30°的平面所截，其截口是一个椭圆，则这个椭圆的短半轴为：R，长半轴为：=8，∵a2=b2+c2，∴c==2，∴椭圆的焦距为；故答案为：4．10．设函数f（x）=，则当x≤﹣1时，则f[f（x）]表达式的展开式中含x2项的系数是60．【考点】分段函数的应用．【分析】根据分段函数的解析式先求出f[f（x）]表达式，再根据利用二项展开式的通项公式写出第r+1项，整理成最简形式，令x的指数为2求得r，再代入系数求出结果【解答】解：由函数f（x）=，当x≤﹣1时，f（x）=﹣2x﹣1，此时f（x）min=f（﹣1）=2﹣1=1，∴f[f（x）]=（﹣2x﹣1）6=（2x+1）6，=C6r2r x r，∴T r+1当r=2时，系数为C62×22=60，故答案为：6011．点M（20，40），抛物线y2=2px（p＞0）的焦点为F，若对于抛物线上的任意点P，|PM|+|PF|的最小值为41，则p的值等于42或22．【考点】抛物线的简单性质．【分析】过P做抛物线的准线的垂线，垂足为D，则|PF|=|PD|，当M（20，40）位于抛物线内，当M，P，D共线时，|PM|+|PF|的距离最小，20+=41，解得：p=42，当M（20，40）位于抛物线外，由勾股定理可知：=41，p=22或58，当p=58时，y2=116x，则点M（20，40）在抛物线内，舍去，即可求得p的值．【解答】解：由抛物线的定义可知：抛物线上的点到焦点距离=到准线的距离，过P做抛物线的准线的垂线，垂足为D，则|PF|=|PD|，当M（20，40）位于抛物线内，∴|PM|+|PF|=|PM|+|PD|，当M，P，D共线时，|PM|+|PF|的距离最小，由最小值为41，即20+=41，解得：p=42，当M（20，40）位于抛物线外，当P，M，F共线时，|PM|+|PF|取最小值，即=41，解得：p=22或58，由当p=58时，y2=116x，则点M（20，40）在抛物线内，舍去，故答案为：42或22．12．当实数x，y满足x2+y2=1时，|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|的取值与x，y均无关，则实数a的取范围是[，+∞）．【考点】圆方程的综合应用．【分析】根据实数x，y满足x2+y2=1，设x=cosθ，y=sinθ，求出x+2y的取值范围，再讨论a的取值范围，求出|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|的值与x，y均无关时a的取范围．【解答】解：∵实数x，y满足x2+y2=1，可设x=cosθ，y=sinθ，则x+2y=cosθ+2sinθ=sin（θ+α），其中α=arctan2；∴﹣≤x+2y≤，∴当a≥时，|x+2y+a|+|3﹣x﹣2y|=（x+2y+a）+（3﹣x﹣2y）=a+3，其值与x，y均无关；∴实数a的取范围是[，+∞）．故答案为：．二、选择题（每小题5分，满分20分）13．在空间，α表示平面，m，n表示二条直线，则下列命题中错误的是（）A．若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α不平行B．若m∥α，m、n不垂直，则n与α不垂直C．若m⊥α，m、n不平行，则n与α不垂直D．若m⊥α，m、n不垂直，则n与α不平行【考点】空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系；平面与平面之间的位置关系．【分析】对于A，若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α可能平行、相交或n⊂α，即可得出结论．【解答】解：对于A，若m∥α，m、n不平行，则n与α可能平行、相交或n⊂α，故不正确．故选A．14．已知函数在区间[0，a]（其中a＞0）上单调递增，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】正弦函数的单调性．【分析】由条件利用正弦函数的单调性，可得2a+≤，求得a的范围．【解答】解：∵函数在区间[0，a]（其中a＞0）上单调递增，则2a+≤，求得a≤，故有0＜a≤，故选：B．15．如图，在圆C中，点A、B在圆上，则的值（）A．只与圆C的半径有关B．既与圆C的半径有关，又与弦AB的长度有关C．只与弦AB的长度有关D．是与圆C的半径和弦AB的长度均无关的定值【考点】平面向量数量积的运算．【分析】展开数量积，结合向量在向量方向上投影的概念可得=．则答案可求．【解答】解：如图，过圆心C作CD⊥AB，垂足为D，则=||||•cos∠CAB=．∴的值只与弦AB的长度有关．故选：C．16．定义f（x）={x}（其中{x}表示不小于x的最小整数）为“取上整函数”，例如{2.1}=3，{4}=4．以下关于“取上整函数”性质的描述，正确的是（）①f（2x）=2f（x）；②若f（x1）=f（x2），则x1﹣x2＜1；③任意x1，x2∈R，f（x1+x2）≤f（x1）+f（x2）；④．A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④【考点】函数与方程的综合运用．【分析】充分理解“取上整函数”的定义．如果选项不满足题意，只需要举例说明即可【解答】解：对于①，当x=1.4时，f（2x）=f（2.8）=3.2，f（1.4）=4．所以f （2x）≠2f（x）；①错．对于②，若f（x1）=f（x2）．当x1为整数时，f（x1）=x1，此时x2＞x1﹣1，即x1﹣x2＜1．当x1不是整数时，f（x1）=[x1]+1．[x1]表示不大于x1的最大整数．x2表示比x1的整数部分大1的整数或者是和x1保持相同整数的数，此时﹣x1﹣x2＜1．故②正确．对于③，当x1，x2∈Z，f（x1+x2）=f（x1）+f（x2），当x1，x2∉Z，f（x1+x2）＜f （x1）+f（x2），故正确；对于④，举例f（1.2）+f（1.2+0.5）=4≠f（2.4）=3．故④错误．故选：C．三、解答题（本大题满分76分）17．在正三棱锥P﹣ABC中，已知底面等边三角形的边长为6，侧棱长为4．（1）求证：PA⊥BC；（2）求此三棱锥的全面积和体积．【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积；棱柱、棱锥、棱台的侧面积和表面积；直线与平面垂直的性质．【分析】（1）取BC的中点M，连AM、BM．由△ABC是等边三角形，可得AM⊥BC．再由PB=PC，得PM⊥BC．利用线面垂直的判定可得BC⊥平面PAM，进一步得到PA⊥BC；（2）记O是等边三角形的中心，则PO⊥平面ABC．由已知求出高，可求三棱锥的体积．求出各面的面积可得三棱锥的全面积．【解答】（1）证明：取BC的中点M，连AM、BM．∵△ABC是等边三角形，∴AM⊥BC．又∵PB=PC，∴PM⊥BC．∵AM∩PM=M，∴BC⊥平面PAM，则PA⊥BC；（2）解：记O是等边三角形的中心，则PO⊥平面ABC．∵△ABC是边长为6的等边三角形，∴．∴，，∵，∴；．18．如图，我海监船在D岛海域例行维权巡航，某时刻航行至A处，此时测得其北偏东30°方向与它相距20海里的B处有一外国船只，且D岛位于海监船正东18海里处．（1）求此时该外国船只与D岛的距离；（2）观测中发现，此外国船只正以每小时4海里的速度沿正南方航行．为了将该船拦截在离D岛12海里的E处（E在B的正南方向），不让其进入D岛12海里内的海域，试确定海监船的航向，并求其速度的最小值（角度精确到0.1°，速度精确到0.1海里/小时）．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系．【分析】（1）依题意，在△ABD中，∠DAB=60°，由余弦定理求得DB；（2）法一、过点B作BH⊥AD于点H，在Rt△ABH中，求解直角三角形可得HE、AE的值，进一步得到sin∠EAH，则∠EAH可求，求出外国船只到达E处的时间t，由求得速度的最小值．法二、建立以点A为坐标原点，AD为x轴，过点A往正北作垂直的y轴．可得A，D，B的坐标，设经过t小时外国船到达点，结合ED=12，得，列等式求得t，则，，再由求得速度的最小值．【解答】解：（1）依题意，在△ABD中，∠DAB=60°，由余弦定理得DB2=AD2+AB2﹣2AD•AB•cos60°=182+202﹣2×18×15×cos60°=364，∴，即此时该外国船只与D岛的距离为海里；（2）法一、过点B作BH⊥AD于点H，在Rt△ABH中，AH=10，∴HD=AD﹣AH=8，以D为圆心，12为半径的圆交BH于点E，连结AE、DE，在Rt△DEH中，HE=，∴，又AE=，∴sin∠EAH=，则≈41.81°．外国船只到达点E的时间（小时）．∴海监船的速度（海里/小时）．又90°﹣41.81°=48.2°，故海监船的航向为北偏东48.2°，速度的最小值为6.4海里/小时．法二、建立以点A为坐标原点，AD为x轴，过点A往正北作垂直的y轴．则A（0，0），D（18，0），，设经过t小时外国船到达点，又ED=12，得，此时（小时）．则，，∴监测船的航向东偏北41.81°．∴海监船的速度（海里/小时）．19．已知二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域为[0，+∞）．（1）判断此函数的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）判断此函数在[，+∞）的单调性，并用单调性的定义证明你的结论；（3）求出f（x）在[1，+∞）上的最小值g（a），并求g（a）的值域．【考点】二次函数的性质．【分析】（1）由二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域，推出ac=4，判断f（﹣1）≠f（1），f（﹣1）≠﹣f（1），得到此函数是非奇非偶函数．（2）求出函数的单调递增区间．设x1、x2是满足的任意两个数，列出不等式，推出f（x2）＞f（x1），即可判断函数是单调递增．（3）f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c，当，即0＜a≤2时，当，即a＞2时求出最小值即可．【解答】解：（1）由二次函数f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c的值域为[0，+∞），得a＞0且，解得ac=4．…∵f（1）=a+c﹣4，f（﹣1）=a+c+4，a＞0且c＞0，从而f（﹣1）≠f（1），f（﹣1）≠﹣f（1），∴此函数是非奇非偶函数．…（2）函数的单调递增区间是[，+∞）．设x1、x2是满足的任意两个数，从而有，∴．又a＞0，∴，从而，即，从而f（x2）＞f（x1），∴函数在[，+∞）上是单调递增．…（3）f（x）=ax2﹣4x+c，又a＞0，，x∈[1，+∞）当，即0＜a≤2时，最小值g（a）=f（x0）=0当，即a＞2时，最小值综上，最小值…当0＜a≤2时，最小值g（a）=0当a＞2时，最小值综上y=g（a）的值域为[0，+∞）…20．椭圆C：过点M（2，0），且右焦点为F（1，0），过F的直线l与椭圆C相交于A、B两点．设点P（4，3），记PA、PB的斜率分别为k1和k2．（1）求椭圆C的方程；（2）如果直线l的斜率等于﹣1，求出k1•k2的值；（3）探讨k1+k2是否为定值？如果是，求出该定值；如果不是，求出k1+k2的取值范围．【考点】直线与椭圆的位置关系．【分析】（1）利用已知条件求出b，即可求解椭圆方程．（2）直线l：y=﹣x+1，设AB坐标，联立利用韦达定理以及斜率公式求解即可．（3）当直线AB的斜率不存在时，不妨设A，B，求出斜率，即可；当直线AB 的斜率存在时，设其为k，求直线AB：y=k（x﹣1），联立直线与椭圆的方程组，利用韦达定理以及斜率公式化简求解即可．【解答】解：（1）∵a=2，又c=1，∴，∴椭圆方程为…（2）直线l：y=﹣x+1，设A（x1，y1）B（x2，y2），由消y得7x2﹣8x﹣8=0，有，．……（3）当直线AB的斜率不存在时，不妨设A（1，），B（1，﹣），则，，故k1+k2=2．…当直线AB的斜率存在时，设其为k，则直线AB：y=k（x﹣1），设A（x1，y1）B（x2，y2），由消y得（4k2+3）x2﹣8k2x+（4k2﹣12）=0，有，．…=…21．已知函数f（x）=2|x+2|﹣|x+1|，无穷数列{a n}的首项a1=a．（1）如果a n=f（n）（n∈N*），写出数列{a n}的通项公式；）（n∈N*且n≥2），要使得数列{a n}是等差数列，求首项a （2）如果a n=f（a n﹣1的取值范围；（3）如果a n=f（a n）（n∈N*且n≥2），求出数列{a n}的前n项和S n．﹣1【考点】数列与函数的综合．【分析】（1）化简函数f（x）为分段函数，然后求出a n=f（n）=n+3．（2）如果{a n}是等差数列，求出公差d，首项，然后求解a的范围．（3）当a≥﹣1时，求出前n项和，当﹣2≤a≤﹣1时，当a≤﹣2时，分别求出n项和即可．【解答】解：（1）∵函数f（x）=2|x+2|﹣|x+1|=，…又n≥1且n∈N*，∴a n=f（n）=n+3．…（2）如果{a n}是等差数列，则a n﹣a n﹣1=d，a n=a n﹣1+d，由f（x）知一定有a n=a n﹣1+3，公差d=3．当a1≥﹣1时，符合题意．当﹣2≤a1≤﹣1时，a2=3a1+5，由a2﹣a1=3得3a1+5﹣a1=3，得a1=﹣1，a2=2．当a1≤﹣2时，a2=﹣a1﹣3，由a2﹣a1=3得﹣a1﹣3﹣a1=3，得a1=﹣3，此时a2=0．综上所述，可得a的取值范围是a≥﹣1或a=﹣3．…（3）当a≥﹣1时，a n=f（a n﹣1）=a n﹣1+3，∴数列{a n}是以a为首项，公差为3的等差数列，．…当﹣2≤a≤﹣1时，a2=3a1+5=3a+5≥﹣1，∴n≥3时，a n=a n﹣1+3．∴n=1时，S1=a．n ≥2时，又S1=a也满足上式，∴（n∈N*）…当a≤﹣2时，a2=﹣a1﹣3=﹣a﹣3≥﹣1，∴n≥3时，a n=a n﹣1+3．∴n=1时，S1=a．n ≥2时，又S1=a也满足上式，∴（n∈N*）．综上所述：S n=．…．2017年1月13日。
(完整word版)2017上海虹口初三数学一模
2017虹口区数学一模（满分150分，考试时间100分钟） 2017.1考生注意：1．本试卷含三个大题，共25题；2．答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效；3．除第一、二大题外，其余各题如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤．一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）[下列各题的四个选项中，有且只有一个选项是正确的，选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上．]1．如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠C=90°，∠A 、∠B 和∠C 的对边分别是a 、b 和c ，下列锐角三角比中，值为bc的是 A ．sin A ；B ．cos A ；C ．tan A ；D ．cot A ．2．如图，在点B 处测得点A 处的俯角是 A ．∠1；B ．∠2；C ．∠3；D ．∠4．3．计算23()a a b --的结果是A ．3a b --；B ．3a b -+；C ．a b -；D ．a b -+．4．抛物线2(2)4y x =+-顶点的坐标是 A ．（2，4）；B ．（2，－4）；C ．（－2，4）；D .（－2，－4）．5．抛物线221y x =-+上有两点11()x y ，、22()x y ，，下列说法中，正确的是 A ．若21x x <，则12y y >； B ．若12x x >，则12y y >； C ．若120x x <<，则21y y <； D ．若120x x >>，则12y y >. 6．如图，在□ABCD 中，点E 是边AD 的中点，EC 交对角线BD 于点F ，若3DEF S ∆=， 则BCF S ∆为A ．3；B ．6；C ．9；D ．12． 二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）BCD第6题图FAE第1题图[请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置]7．已知线段a=4cm ，c=1cm ，则线段a 和c 的比例中项b = ▲ cm ．8．如果向量a 与单位向量e 方向相反，且长度为2，那么用向量e 表示a = ▲ ． 9．如果抛物线2(3)y a x =-开口向下，那么a 的取值范围是 ▲ ． 10．如果抛物线21y x m =+-经过点（0，1），那么m = ▲ ．11．若将抛物线22(1)y x =-向左平移3个单位，则所得到的新抛物线表达式为 ▲ ．12．如图，抛物线2y x bx c =-++的对称轴为直线3x =，如果点A （0，4）为此抛物线上一点，那么当6x =时，y = ▲ ．13．已知△ABC ∽△A 1B 1C 1，顶点A 、B 、C 分别与A 1、B 1、C 1对应，BE 、B 1E 1分别是∠B 、∠B 1的对应角平分线，如果AB ：A 1B 1=2：3，那么BE ：B 1E 1＝ ▲ ． 14．如图，在△ABC 中，∠C = 90°，如果AB = 13，AC = 5，那么tan A= ▲ ．15．如图，1l ∥2l ∥3l ，如果AF=4，FB=5，CD=18，那么CE= ▲ ．16．如图，已知点O 为△ABC 内一点，点D 、E 分别在边AB 和AC 上，且12AD BD =， DE ∥BC ，设OB b =，OC c =，用向量b 、c 表示DE = ▲ ．17．如图，在△ABC 中，如果AB=AC ，边BC 、AC 上的中线AD 、BE 相交于点G ，如果DG=1，cot C =43，那么ABC S =△ ▲ ． 18．如图，在梯形ABCD 中，AD ∥BC ，AB ⊥BC ，AD =1，BC =3，点P 是边AB 上一点，如果把△BCP 沿折痕CP 向上翻折，点B 恰好与点D 重合，那么sin ∠ADP 为 ▲ ．三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分） 19．（本题满分10分）计算：22cot 304sin 452cos 30cos 60︒-︒︒-︒．20．（本题满分10分，第（1）小题满分6分，第（2）小题满分4分）第12题图DF 第15题图EBA C1l 2l 3l B CD O第16题图EA B A D 第17题图 E AGA A第18题图A 第14题图第22题图第21题图 已知二次函数2y ax bx c =++的图像经过A (1，0)、B (-1，16)、C (0，10)三点． （1）求该函数解析式；（2）用配方法将该函数解析式化为2()y a x m k =++的形式．21．（本题满分10分）如图，在□ABCD 中，点G 在边BC 的延长线上，AG 与边CD 交于点E ，与对角线BD 交于点F ． 求证: FG EF AF ⋅=2．22．（本题满分10分）如图，在大楼AB 的正前方有一斜坡CD 长为13米，坡度为121:5，高为DE ．在斜坡底的点C 处测得楼顶B 的仰角为64°，在斜坡顶的点D 处测得楼顶B 的仰角为45°，其中点A 、C 、E 在同一直线上，求斜坡的高DE （参考数据：sin64°≈0.9， tan64°≈2）23．（本题满分12分，第（1）小题满分6分，第（2）小题满分6分）如图，在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别在边AB 、AC 上，AD AEAC AB=，∠BAC 的平分 线AG 分别交线段DE 、BC 于点F 、G ． （1）求证：△ADF ∽△ACG ；（2）联结DG ，若∠AGD =∠B ，AB=12，AD=4，AE=6，求AG 与AF 的长．．24．（本题满分12分，第（1）小题满分4分，第（2）小题满分4分，第（3）小题满分4分）D 第23题图 AE F B如图，抛物线25y x bx =++与x 轴交于点A 和点B (5，0)，与y 轴交于点C ,抛物线的顶点为点P ．（1）求抛物线的表达式并写出顶点P 的坐标；（2）在x 轴上方的抛物线上有一点D ，若∠ABD =∠ABP ，试求出点D 的坐标；（3）设在直线BC 下方的抛物线上有一点Q ，若15BCQ S =△，试求出点Q 的坐标．25．（本题满分14分，第（1）小题满分4分，第（2）小题满分6分，第（3）小题满分4分）如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB=90°，AC =4，BC =3，点D 为边BC 上一动点（不与点B 、C 重合），联结AD ，过点C 作CF ⊥AD ，分别交AB 、AD 于点E 、F ，设DC=x ，AEBEy =．（1）当1x =时，求tan BCE ∠的值；（2）求y 关于x 的函数关系式，并写出x 的取值范围；（3）当1x =时，在边AC 上取点G ，联结BG ，分别交CE 、AD 于点M 、N . 当△MNF ∽△ABC 时，请直接写出AG 的长． 第24题图第25题图虹口区2016学年第一学期初三数学学科期终教学质量监控测试题评分参考建议2017.1说明：1．解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法．如果考生的解法与所列解法不同，可参照解答中评分标准相应评分；2．第一、二大题若无特别说明，每题评分只有满分或零分；3．第三大题中各题右端所注分数，表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数；4．评阅试卷，要坚持每题评阅到底，不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅．如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误，影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度，视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分，但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半； 5．评分时，给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位．一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．D二、填空题本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．2 8．2e - 9．3a < 10．2 11．22(2)y x =+ 12． 4 13．2：3 14．12515．8 16．1133b c -+17．12 18．23三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．解：原式24-8分） 3=- …………………………………………………………………（2分）20．解：（1）把A (1，0)、B (-1，16)、C (0，10)分别代入2y ax bx c =++中，得：01610a b c a b c c=++⎧⎪=-+⎨⎪=⎩……………………………………………………………（3分）解得：2810a b c =-⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩………………………………………………………………………（2分）∴该二次函数解析式为22810y x x =--+………………………………………（1分）（2）22(4)10y x x =-++22[(2)4]10x =-+-+ ………………………………………………………（2分） 22(2)18x =-++……………………………………………………………（2分）21．证明：在□ABCD 中，AD ∥BC ，AB ∥CD ………………………………………（2分） ∴BF DF FG AF = ………………………………………………………………（3分）E F D FA FB F=………………………………………………………………（3分） ∴AFEF FG AF = ， 即2AF EF FG =⋅……………………………………（2分）22．解：过点D 作DF ⊥AB ，垂足为点F∵DE i EC =又∵121:5i = ∴512DE EC =∴设DE=5k ，EC=12k …………………………………………………………（1分）在Rt △DEC 中，13DC k =…………………………………（1分） ∵DC=13 ∴k=1 ∴DE=5…………………………………………………（1分） 可得EC=12 ………………………………………………………………………（1分）设CA=x ，则AE=x +12 …………………………………………………………（1分）可得四边形AEDF 为矩形， ∴DF=AE=x +12，AF=DE=5 在Rt △ABC 中，∠BCA =64°，∴tan 2AB AC ACB x =⋅∠≈…………………………………………………（1分）在Rt △BDF 中，∠BDF =45°，∴12BF DF x ==+……………………………………………………………（1分） ∵BF=AB -AF ∴x+12=2x -5………………………………………………（1分） 解得x=17∴AB ≈2x ≈34 ……………………………………………………………………（1分）答：斜坡的高度DE 为5米，大楼AB 的高度约为34米．………………………（1分）23．（1）证明：∵AD AEAC AB= 又∵∠DAE=∠CAB∴△ADE ∽△ACB ……………………………………………………………（2分） ∴∠ADE=∠C …………………………………………………………………（2分）∵AG 平分∠BAC ∴∠DAF=∠CAG∴△ADF ∽△ACG ……………………………………………………………（2分）（2）解：∵∠AGD =∠B 又∵∠DAG=∠GAB∴△ADG ∽△AGB ……………………………………………………………（1分） ∴AD AG AG AB=…………………………………………………………………（1分） 又∵AB=12，AD=4∴412AG AG = ∴AG =……………………………………………（1分） ∵AD AB AC AE ⋅=⋅ 又∵AB=12，AD=4，AE=6∴AC ＝8 ………………………………………………………………………（1分）∵△ADF ∽△ACG ∴AF ADAG AC=………………………………………（1分）∴12AF AG == …………………………………………………………（1分）24．解：（1）把点B (5，0)代入25y x bx =++得02555b =++ 解得 b=-6………………………………………………（1分）∴抛物线表达式为265y x x =-+ …………………………………………（1分）∴2(3)4y x =--∴顶点P 的坐标为（3，-4）………………………………………………（2分） （2）由题意，设D 点坐标为（x ，265x x -+）过点P 作PE ⊥x 轴于点E ，过点D 作DF ⊥x 轴于点F易得PE=4，BE=2， DF=265x x -+，BF=5-x ∵∠ABD =∠ABP ∴tan ∠ABD = tan ∠ABP ∴265452x x x -+=-…………………………………………………………（2分） 解得15x =（舍） 21x =-…………………………………………………（1分）∴D 点坐标为（-1，12）. …………………………………………………（1分）（3）由题意，设Q 点坐标为（x ，265x x -+）过点Q 作QG ⊥x 轴，交x 轴于点G ，交BC 于点H∴OG=x ，BG=5- x∵ C (0，5) B (5，0)∴直线CB 表达式为5y x =-+∴ H 点坐标为（x ，5x -+）……………………………………………（1分）∴225(65)5HQ x x x x x =-+--+=-+ ………………………………（1分）∴15BCQCQHBQHSSS=+=即111522HQ OG HQ BG ⋅+⋅= ∴2211(5)(5)(5)1522x x x x x x -+⋅+-+⋅-= 解得12x = ， 23x =∴点Q 的坐标为（2，-3）或（3，-4）…………………………………（2分）25．解：（1）∵∠ACB=90° ∴∠DAC +∠ADC =90°∵ CE ⊥AD ∴∠BCE +∠ADC =90°∴∠BCE =∠DAC ………………………………………………………（2分）∴tan tan BCE DAC ∠=∠ ∵AC =4，DC =1∴1tan tan 4CD BCE DAC AC ∠=∠== … …………………………………（2分）（2）过点B 作BM ⊥BC 交CE 延长线于点M ………………………………（1分）由上题可知：tan tan BCE DAC ∠=∠∴BM CD BCCA=∵AC =4，DC =x ，BC =3 得34BM x = ………………………………（2分）∵ BM ⊥BC 得 ∠MBC=90° 又∠ACB=90°∴ BM ∥AC ∴AE AC BEBM=………………………………………………（1分）∴163y x=（0＜x ＜3）………………………………………………（1分，1分）（3）AG 的长是2516或5219.………………………………………………（2分，2分）。
2017年虹口区初三一模试卷(含答案)
2017年虹口区初三一模教案（4）一、选择题（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1、如图，在Rt ABC △中，=90C ︒∠，A ∠、B ∠和C ∠的对边分别是a 、b 和c ，下列锐角三角比中， 值为bc的是（ ） A 、sin A ； B 、cos A ； C 、tan A ； D 、cot A .第1题 第2题 2、如图2，在点B 处测得点A 处的俯角是（ ） A 、1∠； B 、2∠； C 、3∠； D 、4∠. 3、计算23()a a b --的结果是（ ）A 、3a b --；B 、3a b -+；C 、a b -；D 、a b -+.4、抛物线2(2)4y x =+- 顶点的坐标是（ ）A 、(2,4)；B 、(2,4)-；C 、(2,4)-；D 、(2,4)--.5、抛物线221y x =-+上有两点11(,)x y 、22(,)x y ，下列说法中正确的是（ ）A 、若12x x <，则12y y >；B 、若12x x >，则12y y >；C 、若120x x <<，则12y y <；D 、若120x x >>，则12y y >.6、如图，在ABCD 中，点E 是边AD 的中点，EC 交对角线BD 于点F ，若=3DEF S △，则B C F S △为（ ） A 、3； B 、6； C 、9； D 、12.第6题二、填空题（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7、已知线段4a cm =，1c cm =，则线段a 和c 的比例中项b = cm .8、如果向量a 与单位向量e 方向相反，且长度为2，那么用向量e 表示a = . 9、如果抛物线2(3)y a x =-开口向下，那么a 的取值范围是 . 10、如果抛物线21y x m =+-经过点(0,1)，那么m = .11、若将抛物线22(1)y x =-向左平移3个单位所得到的新抛物线表达式为 .12、如图，抛物线2y x bx c =-++对称轴为直线3x =，如果点(0,4)A 为此抛物线上的一点，那么当6x = 时，y = .第12题 第14题 第15题13、已知，111ABC A B C △∽△顶点A 、B 、C 分别1A 、1B 、1C 与对应，BE 、11B E 分别是B ∠、1B ∠的对应角平分线，如果11:2:3AB A B =，那么11:BE B E = .14、如图，在ABC △中，=90C ︒∠，如果=13AB ，5AC =，那么tan A = . 15、如图，123l l l ∥∥，如果4AF =，5FB =，18CD = ，那么CE = .第16题 第17题 第18题 16、如图，已知点O 为ABC △内一点，点D 、E 分别在边AB 和AC 上，且12AD BD =，设OB b =，OC c =，用b 、c 向量表示DE = .17、如图，在ABC △中，如果AB AC =，边BC 、AC 上的中线AD 、BE 相交于点G ，如果1DG =，4cot 3C =，那么=ABC S △ . 18、如图，在梯形中ABCD ，AD BC ∥，AB BC ⊥，1AD =，3BC =，点P 是边AB 上一点，如果把BCP △沿折痕CP 向上翻折，点B 恰好与点D 重合，那么sin ADP =∠ .CBA三、解答题（本大题共7题，满分78分19、计算：22cot 304sin 452cos 30cos 60︒-︒︒-︒.20、已知二次函数2y ax bx c =++的图像经过(1,0)A 、(1,16)B -、(0,10)C 三点. （1）求该函数解析式；（2）用配方法将该函数解析式化为2()y a x m k =++的形式.21、如图，在ABCD 中，点G 在边BC 的延长线上，AG 与边CD 交于点E ，与对角线BD 交于点F . 求证：FG EF AF ⋅=2.22、如图，在大楼AB 的正前方有一斜坡CD 长为13米，坡度为1215：，高为DE ，在斜坡底的点C 处测得楼顶B 的仰角为64︒，在斜坡顶的点D 处测得楼顶B 的仰角为45︒，其中点A 、C 、E 在同一直线上，求斜坡DE 的高与大楼AB 的高度.（参考数据：sin640.9︒≈，tan642︒≈）23、如图，在ABC △中，点D 、E 分别在边AB 、AC 上，AD AEAC AB=，BAC ∠的平分线AG 分别交线段DE 、BC 于点F 、G .（1）求证：ADF ACG △∽△；（2）联结DG ，若=AGD B ∠∠，=12AB ，4AD =，6AE =，求AG 与AF 的长.24、如图，抛物线25y x bx =++与x 轴交于点A 与(5,0)B 点，与y 轴交于点C ，抛物线的顶点为点P （1）求抛物线的表达式并写出顶点P 的坐标；（2）在x 轴上方的抛物线上有一点D ，若ABD ABP =∠∠，试求点D 的坐标； （3）设在直线BC 下方的抛物线上有一点Q ，若=15BCQ S △，试写出点Q 坐标.25、如图，在Rt ABC △中，=90ACB ︒∠，4AC =，4BC =，点D 为边BC 上一动点，（不与点B 、C 重合），联结AD ，过点C 作CF AD ⊥，分别交AB 、AD 于点E 、F ，设=DC x ，AEy BE=. （1）当1x =时，求tan BCE ∠的值；（2）求y 与x 的函数关系式，并写出x 的取值范围；（3）当1x =时，在边AC 上取点G ，联结BG ，分别交CE 、AD 于点M 、N ，当M N F A B C △∽△时，请直接写出AG 的长.2017年虹口区初三一模参考答案一、选择题二.、填空题12三.、解答题19、3-.20、（1）22810y x x =--+； （2）22(2)18y x =-++. 21、略.22、7DE m =，34AB m =.23、（1）略； （2）AG =AF =24、（1）265y x x =-+，顶点(3,4)P -； （2）(1,12)D -； （3）(2,3)Q -或(3,4)Q -. 25、（1）14； （2）163y x =（03x <<）； （3）5219AG =或2516AG =.。
2017年上海市虹口区高三一模语文试题(附答案)
虹口区201 6学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三语文试卷2016．12一积累应用10分1．默写填空。
（5分）（1）_________________，层林尽染；漫江碧透，百舸争流。
（毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》）（2）_________________，千营共一呼。
（卢纶《塞下曲》）（3）峰峦如聚，波涛如怒。
_________________。
（张养浩《[中吕]山坡羊·潼关怀古》）（4）王先生买了一套房子，朋友向他祝贺，他却引用了辛弃疾《水龙吟·登建康赏心亭》中的名句来表达自己的惭愧心情。
他引用的名句应该是：__________，_____________，_______________。
（5）很多市民往往认为市级大医院的医疗水平一定比其他医院高，其实韩愈在《师说》中就说过“____ ___________”，有些二级医院在某些病症上的医疗水平远远超过大医院。
2．选择最恰当的一项填入下列句子的空缺处。
（5分）（1）李白好饮酒，对酒放歌，常成名句，如“________________”。
A．对酒当歌，人生几何？B．白日放歌须纵酒，青春作伴好还乡。
C．花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。
D．今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。
（2）有些同学总想在学习上走捷径，却不知孔子早就说过“_______________________”。
A．逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜B．岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也C．欲速则不达，见小利则大事不成D．君子上达，小人下达（3）如果杜甫给李白写信，那么信中用的称谓应该是：A．自称甫，称对方白B．自称甫，称对方太白C．自称子美，称对方白D．自称子美，称对方太白（4）皇皇古柏道，每一段时光总会有不同的人经过，__________，如今都已化作云烟，只有古柏还依然屹立，成为历史的见证者和守护者。
A．或英雄豪杰，或仁人志士B．或芸芸众生，或匹夫匹妇C．或骚人墨客，或一介书生D．或仕宦商贾，或贩夫走卒（5）天上的云姿态万千、变化无常，___________，我们可以“看云识天气”，即根据云的形状来判断天气。
上海市2017虹口区初三数学一模试卷
AE FB1 23 4 A虹口区 2016 学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试初三数学 试卷考生注意： （满分 150 分，考试时间 100 分钟） 2017.11. 本试卷含三个大题，共 25 题；2. 答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效；3. 除第一、二大题外，其余各题如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤．一、选择题（本大题共 6 题，每题 4 分，满分 24 分）[下列各题的四个选项中，有且只有一个选项是正确的，选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上．]1. 如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠C=90°，∠A 、∠B 和∠C 的对边分别是 a 、b 和 c ，下列锐角三角比中，值为 b的是cA ． s in A ；B ． cos A ；C ． t an A ；D ． cot A ． 2. 如图，在点 B 处测得点 A 处的俯角是A ．∠1；B ．∠2；C ．∠3；D ．∠4．A bC第 1 题图DBC第 6 题图3. 计算2a - 3(a - b ) 的结果是A ． -a - 3b ；B ． -a + 3b ；C ． a - b ；D ． -a + b ．4. 抛物线 y = (x + 2)2- 4 顶点的坐标是A ．（2，4）；B ．（2，－4）；C ．（－2，4）；D .（－2，－4）．5. 抛物线 y = -2x 2+1上有两点(x ，y ) 、(x ，y ) ，下列说法中，正确的是1122A ．若 x 1 < x 2 ，则 y 1 > y 2 ；B ．若 x 1 > x 2 ，则 y 1 > y 2 ；C ．若 x 1 < x 2 < 0 ，则 y 1 < y 2 ；D ．若 x 1 > x 2 > 0 ，则y 1 > y 2 . 6. 如图，在□ABCD 中，点 E 是边 AD 的中点，EC 交对角线 BD 于点 F ，若 S ∆DEF = 3 ，则 S ∆BCF 为 A ．3； B ．6； C ．9；D ．12． 二、填空题（本大题共 12 题，每题 4分，满分 48 分）[请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置]7. 已知线段 a=4cm ，c=1cm ，则线段 a 和 c 的比例中项 b =▲cm ．B 342 1A第 5 题图1D EO E GD8. 如果向量a 与单位向量e 方向相反，且长度为 2，那么用向量e 表示a = ▲ ．9. 如果抛物线 y = (a - 3)x 2开口向下，那么a 的取值范围是▲ ．10．如果抛物线 y = x 2+ m -1经过点（0，1），那么m =▲．11. 若将抛物线 y = 2(x -1)2向左平移 3 个单位，则所得到的新抛物线表达式为▲ ．12. 如图，抛物线y = -x 2+ bx + c 的对称轴为直线 x = 3 ，如果点 A （0，4）为此抛物线上一点，那么当 x = 6 时， y = ▲ ．第 12 题图第 14 题图第 15 题图13. 已知△ABC ∽△A 1B 1C 1，顶点 A 、B 、C 分别与 A 1、B 1、C 1 对应，BE 、B 1E 1 分别是∠B 、∠B 1的对应角平分线，如果 AB ：A 1B 1=2：3，那么 BE ：B 1E 1＝▲ ．14. 如图，在△ABC 中，∠C = 90°，如果 AB = 13，AC = 5，那么 tan A=▲．15．如图， l 1 ∥ l 2 ∥ l 3 ，如果 AF=4，FB=5，CD=18，那么 CE=▲ ．16. 如图，已知点 O 为△ABC 内一点，点 D 、E 分别在边 AB 和 AC 上，且AD = 1， BD 2DE ∥BC ，设OB = b ， OC = c ，用向量b 、c 表示 DE = ▲ ．A A AB B C第 16 题图D 第 17 题图 B C第 18 题图 17. 如图，在△ABC 中，如果 AB=AC ，边 BC 、AC 上的中线 AD 、BE 相交于点 G ，如果 DG=1，cot C = 4，3那么 S △ABC = ▲ ．18. 如图，在梯形 ABCD 中，AD ∥BC ，AB ⊥BC ，AD =1，BC =3，点 P 是边 AB 上一点，如果把△BCP 沿折痕 CP 向上翻折，点 B 恰好与点 D 重合，那么 sin ∠ADP 为 ▲ ．三、解答题（本大题共 7 题，满分 78 分） 19．（本题满分 10 分）cot 2 30︒ - 4sin 45︒计算：2 cos 2 30︒ - cos 60︒ ．20．（本题满分 10 分，第（1）小题满分 6 分，第（2）小题满分 4 分）已知二次函数 y = ax 2+ bx + c 的图像经过 A (1，0)、B (-1，16)、C (0，10)三点．（1） 求该函数解析式；（2） 用配方法将该函数解析式化为 y = a (x + m )2+ k 的形式．21．（本题满分 10 分）1 264°DFE如图，在□ABCD 中，点 G 在边 BC 的延长线上， BD 交于点 F ． 求证: AF 2 = EF ⋅ FG ． F22．（本题满分 10 分）第 21 题图如图，在大楼 AB 的正前方有一斜坡 CD 长为 13 米，坡度为1:12，高为 DE ．在斜坡底的点 C5处测得楼顶 B 的仰角为 64°，在斜坡顶的点 D 处测得楼顶 B 的仰角为 45°，其中点 A 、C 、E 在同一直 线上，求斜坡的高 DE 与大楼 AB 的高度． （参考数据：sin64°≈0.9， tan64°≈2）EC A 第 22 题图23．（本题满分 12 分，第（1）小题满分 6 分，第（2）小题满分 6 分）如图，在△ABC 中，点 D 、E 分别在边 AB 、AC 上， AD = AE，∠BAC 的平分AC AB线 AG 分别交线段 DE 、BC 于点 F 、G ． （1） 求证：△ADF ∽△ACG ；（2） 联结 DG ，若∠AGD =∠B ，AB=12，AD=4，AE=6，求 AG 与 AF 的长．A．BG第 23 题图24．（本题满分 12 分，第（1）小题满分 4 分，第（2）小题满分 4 分，第（3）小题满分 4 分） 如图，抛物线 y = x 2+ bx + 5 与 x 轴交于点 A 和点 B (5，0)，与 y 轴交于点 C ,P ．（1） 求抛物线的表达式并写出顶点 P 的坐标；（2） 在 x 轴上方的抛物线上有一点 D ，若∠ABD =∠ABP ，试求出点 D 的坐标； （3） 设在直线 BC 下方的抛物线上有一点 Q ，若S △BCQ = 15 ，试求出点 Q 的坐标．PEF25．（本题满分 14 分，第（1）小题满分 4 分，第（2）小题满分 6 分，第（3）小题满分 4 分）如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB=90°，AC =4，BC =3，点 D 为边 BC 上一动点（不与点 B 、C 重合）， 联结 AD ，过点 C 作 CF ⊥AD ，分别交 AB 、AD 于点 E 、F ，设 DC=x ，AE= y ．BE（1） 当 x = 1 时，求tan ∠BCE 的值； （2） 求 y 关于 x 的函数关系式，并写出 x 的取值范围； （3） 当 x = 1 时，在边 AC 上取点 G ，联结 BG ，分别交 CE 、AD 于点M 、N . 当△MNF ∽△ABC 时，请直接写出 AG 的长．ABC第 25 题图。
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虹口区2016学年一模试卷（满分：100分考试时间：60分钟）考生注意：1.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题；第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题均为简答题。
2.答卷前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1.“陨石雨”属于（）A.星云B.恒星C.行星D.流星体2.太阳大气的最里层是（）A.日冕B.色球C.光球D.核反应区3.农历十五（）A.太阳位于地球和月球之间B.地球位于太阳和月球之间C.月球位于太阳和地球之间D.太阳和月球位于地球同一侧4.下图为赤道附近区域图，M点为晨昏线与赤道的交点，a为晨昏线与经线之间的夹角，阴影部分表示夜。
此时，上海的昼夜状况为（）A.昼最短，夜最长B.昼长夜短C.昼短夜长D.昼夜等长5.下列与我国黄土高原及其地表形态的形成有关的因素是（）①风力作用②流水作用③生物作用④板块运动A.①③B.②③C.①②D.②④6.右图为等高线示意图，等高线a值大于等高线b值。
则（）A.P为山坡上的洼地，Q为山坡上的小丘B.Q为山坡上的洼地，P为山坡上的小丘C.P、Q均为山坡上的小丘D.P、Q均为山坡上的洼地7.山区的道路常建成“之”字形，其主要影响因素是（）A.植被B.气候C.河流D.地形8.“冷岛效应”指地球上干旱地区的绿洲、湖泊，其夏季气温比附近沙漠、戈壁低。
下列“冷岛效应”形成原因的解释，正确的是，绿洲、湖泊与附近沙漠、戈壁地区（）A.大气环流状况不同B.热力性质不同C.阳光照射强度不同D.距海远近不同9.受一股较强冷空气影响，我国北方大部分地区迎来一次大范围降雪、降温、大风天气，下列图中能正确反映这次天气变化情况的是（）10.树木伐倒后，在树墩上可以看到许多同心圆环，这就是树木年轮。
春夏季，树木生长旺盛，年轮宽厚；秋冬季，树木生长减慢，则年轮较窄。
右侧树木年轮图所反映的当地气候变化情况是（）A.寒冷一温暖一寒冷B.温暖一寒冷一温暖C.暖干一暖湿一暖干D.湿冷一干冷一湿冷11.直接以岩石风化物为物质基础而形成的岩石类型是（）A.喷出岩B.侵入岩C.沉积岩D.变质岩12.右图表示北半球大气环流。
受其中①、②气压带、风带交替控制形成的气候类型是（）A.地中海气候B.热带稀树草原气候C.亚热带季风气候D.热带沙漠气候13.下表为我国某地天气及大气质量表。
12月27日大气中PM2.5浓度最低的主要原因是（）①27日气温升高，对流旺盛②26日风力较大，利于吹散污染物③26日出现阵雨，利于降尘④27日阴转晴，温差增大，风力增强A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④14.卫星遥感监测显示，1999〜2008年青藏高原上的色林错湖面扩大了约20%,主要原因是A.冰雪融水增加B.冻土面积扩大C.青藏高原抬升D.湖面蒸发增加15.城市化发展过程中，防止城市内涝的合理措施有（）①在人行道改造中采用透水砖②禁止开采地下水③池塘、河道底部铺设防渗层④扩大城市绿地面积A.①②B.③④C.②③D.①④16.右下图为我国某城市零售业、工业或批发业、多层住宅和农业的地租支付能力随距离递减模式图。
图中表示农业地租支付能力曲线的是A.①B.②C.③D.④17.上海宝钢为实施“走出去”战略，将在韩国京畿道投资新建钢材加工配送中心，提供汽车板材仓储、剪切、配送等服务。
宝钢实施“走出去”战略的主要目的是（）A.保护环境B.扩大市场C.降低运费D.输出技术18.上海世博会我国各省市馆有展示鼓楼、苗寨、银饰等民族元素的，有展示蒙古包、祥云、马鞍等文化元素的，有以冰雪为主线布局展馆的。
上述展馆所属省区依次是（）A.贵州、内蒙古、黑龙江B.贵州、西藏、新疆C.山西、内蒙古、黑龙江D.山西、西藏、新疆19.微商是基于微信生态与社交为一体的新型电商模式。
这种商业模式会对许多产业产生影响。
下列企业经营受微商冲击较大的有（）①零售实体店②商业地产③电信公司④航空公司A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④20.鸟类学家研宄候鸟迀徙路线所用的主要地理信息技术是（）A.RSB.GPSC.GISD.数字地球二、综合分析题（共60分）（一）读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）丹江口水库位于湖北省与河南省交界处，具有防洪、发电、灌親、航运、养殖、旅游等综合效益，是南水北调中线工程的水源地。
“引江济汉，，工程是指引长江水到汉江的工程，是南水北调中线工程的组成部分，该工程具有生态补水功能，可减少丹江口水库蓄水和调水后对汉江下游不利的影响。
21.指出南水北调和“引江济汉”工程所影响的水循环环节。
（2分）22.从地形地势、气候、库区环境等方面分析丹江口水库成为南水北调中线工程水源地的优势自然条件。
（6分）23.简述“引江济汉”工程对汉江中下游地区的作用。
（6分）24.丹江口水库是华北地区未来可持续供水水源地，说明对其应采取的保护措施。
（6分）（二）读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）改革开放后，由于外来人口大量私，北京、上海、广州3个城市的人口规模持续快速增大。
25.判断上海人口统计图中空白部分代表的省区名称。
（2分）26.据图归纳目前我国人口迁移的特点。
（6分）27.分析河南、四川、湖北3省在北京、上海、广州外来人口中均占较大比例的原因。
（6分）28.北京、上海、广川等超大城市是否应限制外来人口？请表明你的观点，并说明理由。
（6分）（三）图文资料，回答问题。
（20分）猕猴桃原产于我国暖温带、亚热带地区，新西兰引入栽培，将改良后的优良品种称“奇异果”，奇异果生长怕旱、怕风，宜栽培于湿润、疏松、深厚的土壤。
新西兰的奇异果高度集中分布在北岛普伦蒂湾沿岸地区，鲜果主要出口到欧洲、日本等地，出口量居世界弟―。
我国己引种奇异果，并建立了加工企业。
新西兰面积约27万平方千米，人口464万。
新西兰天然牧场和农场占国土面积的50%以上，有“世界净土”之称，为世界天然奶源生产国和乳畜品出口国。
29.分析新西兰北岛普伦蒂湾沿岸栽培奇异果的有利自然条件。
（8分）30.指出理论上影响奇异果罐头厂的主导区位因素，并说明这一因素对工业区位影响力下降的原因。
（4分）31.与新西兰相比，简述我国生产奇异果的市场优势。
（4分）32.在世界奶粉市场中，“新西兰制造”是优质的代名词。
分析新西兰乳畜业发展的优势条件。
（4分）虹口区地理第一学期期末质量抽查试卷.参考答案一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分）考生回答合理可酌情给分。
（一）（20分）21.（共2分）主要干预或控制了水循环的（地表）径流环节。
（2分）22.（共6分）水库坐落于群山之中，属于森林地带，环境优美，水质好；（2分）库区雨季长，降水丰沛，水源足；（2分）地势高，向华北可自流引水。
（2分）23.（共6分）能改善汉江中下游河段生态、灌溉、供水和航运条件。
保护生物多样性；减少水污染，维护生态平衡；保证灌溉水源，为农业、工业生产供水；保证水位稳定，提供便利的航运条件。
（每点2分，任答3点）24.（共6分）减少库区流域内农业生产中的化肥和农药使用量；不建或少建有污染工厂；避免过度的水产养殖；旅游过程中要保护水源地；保护森林，防止水土流失。
（每点2分，任答3点）（二）（20分）25.（共2分）安徽（2分）26.（共6分）从中西部向东部地区迁移；（2分）从内陆向沿海地区迁移；（2分）从经济欠发达地区向经济发达地区迁移。
（2分）27.（共6分）3省与3个城市的距离都较近；（2分）3城市经济发达，就业机会多，对3省吸引力大；（2分）3省皆为人口数量多，密度大的省，剩余劳动力多。
（2分）28.（共6分）应该限制：（2分）外来人口增加了城市负担（基础设施、社会服务设施、就业等）；（2分）加重了大城市病（住房紧张、交通拥挤、环境污染等）。
（2分）不该限制：（2分）外来人口（生产者与消费者的角色）促进了城市经济发展；（2分）促进了不同地域和城乡间的文化交流。
（2分）（两种观点选一，观点与理由一致，只答“应该限制”或“不该限制”不得分。
）（三）（20分）29.（共8分）中讳偏低地区，热量条件好；沿岸有暖流流经，气候湿润；西风受地形阻挡，风较小；沿岸平原，地势低平；河流泥沙淤积，土层疏松、深厚。
（每点2分，任答4点）30.（共4分）原料（2分）交通运输条件改善，运输更加便捷、迅速；冷藏技术改善，鲜果保鲜时间延长。
（2分）31.（共4分）我国人口多，果品消费市场大；（1分）我国劳动力价格相对低廉，果品生产成本低；（1分）距欧洲、日本市场近；（1分）与南半球季节相反，鲜果上市时间不同，利于销售。
（1分）32.（共4分）气候温和湿润，适合多汁牧草生长；地广人稀，草场面积广；环境良好，奶源品质好；河流众多，为牛羊提供饮用水源；畜牧业发展历史悠久，科技力量强；国际市场需求量大；海陆交通便利；冷藏保鲜技术的发展，便于产品运输。
（每点1分，自然、人文各2点）。