医科大学精品课件：hypertension3
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英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)PPT课件
Who is at risk?
➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
Diagnosis
systolic blood
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Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Secondary Hypertension Hypertensio ①pr原im发ar性y o高r e血s压sennt继ial发性高血 hype（rte高n血sio压n:病h）igh blood压 pressu➢9rPer0im–war9yito5hr %Esnseontiaol bHyvpei5orte–un1ssio0n % underlying(潜在的,根本的) meBdeicnailgcnause. Malignant ②HSyepceorntednasriyoHn ypHeyrpteenrtseionnsi:on
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension_
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Tailored Approach
• Assessment of overall cardiovascular risk • Recognition of co-morbidities • Lipid profile • Renal function • Existing contra- indications
• In diabetes – Diastolic< or = 80mmhg 51 % lower risk compared to 90 mmHg
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Global heart threat from diabetes:
A global explosion in the number of cases of diabetes is threatening to reverse the reduction in deaths from heart disease in many western countries, including the United Kingdom. To coincide with World Diabetes Day on 14 November, Diabetes UK is calling for action to be taken to reduce the 20,000 deaths per year from coronary heart disease (CHD) among people with diabetes in the UK.
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Tailored Approach
• Assessment of overall cardiovascular risk • Recognition of co-morbidities • Lipid profile • Renal function • Existing contra- indications
• In diabetes – Diastolic< or = 80mmhg 51 % lower risk compared to 90 mmHg
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Global heart threat from diabetes:
A global explosion in the number of cases of diabetes is threatening to reverse the reduction in deaths from heart disease in many western countries, including the United Kingdom. To coincide with World Diabetes Day on 14 November, Diabetes UK is calling for action to be taken to reduce the 20,000 deaths per year from coronary heart disease (CHD) among people with diabetes in the UK.
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONANDVASCULAR
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Hale Waihona Puke Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; eg, 24 2–4 mm Hg oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.
(elevated serum creatinine,
▪(2) Renovascular disease
abnormal urinalysis),
(abdominal bruits)
▪(3) APKD-autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease (abdominal or flank masses)
Prehypertension:
recheck in 1 year
2. Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99
Stage 1 hypertension:
confirm within 2 months
2 separate office visits)
▪(5) Primary hyperaldosteronism
(hypokalemia)
7
JNC VII 2003 recommendations
Normal: recheck in 2 years (see Comments)
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压 Hypertension
Definitions
Hypertensive Emergency
Acute, rapidly evolving end-organ damage associated with HTN (usu. DBP > 120)
BP should be controlled within hours and requires admission to a critical care setting
Take a good history
History of HTN and previous control Medications with dosage and compliance Illicit drug use, OTC drugs
Diagnosis and Recognition
Physical
Confirm BP in more than one extremity Ensure appropriate cuff size Pulses in all extremities Lung exam—look for pulmonary edema Cardiac—murmurs or gallops, angina, EKG Renal—renal artery bruit, hematuria Neurologic—focal deficits, HA, altered MS Fundoscopic exam—retinopathy, hemorrhage
That is >500,000 Americans per year Correct and quick diagnosis and
management is critical
Mortality rate of up to 90%
内科学英文课件：Hypertention
Classification of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension 原发性高血 压（高血压病）90–95%
Secondary Hypertension继发性
高血压
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical crtension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/ 缓进性高血压
Hypertention
What Is Hypertension?
Definition:(1)Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure or arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.
Epidemiology
In the US: • 70% of the hypertensives are aware that
they have hypertension • 59% are being treated • Only 34% have adequately controlled BP
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)ppt课件
Hypertension
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
Hypertension教学课件ppt
脑出血
高血压会导致脑血管破裂，引起脑出血， 严重时可能导致瘫痪或死亡。
脑梗死
高血压会加重脑血管狭窄，引起脑梗死， 导致脑部缺血缺氧。
认知功能障碍
高血压会影响脑部血管供血，导致认知功 能障碍，如记忆力减退、思维迟钝等。
防治措施
控制血压，定期进行脑血管检查，如脑电 图、脑CT等，预防脑血管病变。
高血压对肾脏的损害及防治
高血压对心脏的损害及防治
左心室肥厚
高血压会导致左心室肥厚，影响心脏的泵血功能，增加心脏病发作的风险。
心绞痛
高血压会加重冠状动脉粥样硬化，引起心绞痛，严重时可能导致心肌梗死。
心力衰竭
长期高血压会导致心脏负担加重，引起心力衰竭。
防治措施
控制血压，定期检查心电图和超声心动图，及时发现心脏病变。
高血压对脑血管的损害及防治
控制能量的摄入 过度摄入能量会导致肥胖和高血 压，建议控制每天的总能量摄入 。
运动疗法
01
有氧运动
如快走、慢跑、游泳等可以提高 心肺功能，降低血压。
柔韧性训练
如瑜伽、普拉提等可以增加关节 的灵活性和柔韧性，防止受伤。
03
02
抗阻运动
如举重、俯卧撑等可以增强肌肉 力量，提高基础代谢率。
平衡训练
如单脚站立、太极拳等可以改善 平衡能力，防止跌倒。
高血压通常分为原发性高血压 和继发性高血压。
原发性高血压是指原因不明的 高血压，而继发性高血压是指 由于某种疾病或原因导致的高
血压。
高血压分类
原发性高血压根据病因和发病机制不同，可分为原发性高血压、肾性高血压、心 理性高血压等。 肾性高血压是指肾脏疾病引起的继发性高血压。
心理性高血压是指情绪变化或心理压力引起的高血压。
高血压会导致脑血管破裂，引起脑出血， 严重时可能导致瘫痪或死亡。
脑梗死
高血压会加重脑血管狭窄，引起脑梗死， 导致脑部缺血缺氧。
认知功能障碍
高血压会影响脑部血管供血，导致认知功 能障碍，如记忆力减退、思维迟钝等。
防治措施
控制血压，定期进行脑血管检查，如脑电 图、脑CT等，预防脑血管病变。
高血压对肾脏的损害及防治
高血压对心脏的损害及防治
左心室肥厚
高血压会导致左心室肥厚，影响心脏的泵血功能，增加心脏病发作的风险。
心绞痛
高血压会加重冠状动脉粥样硬化，引起心绞痛，严重时可能导致心肌梗死。
心力衰竭
长期高血压会导致心脏负担加重，引起心力衰竭。
防治措施
控制血压，定期检查心电图和超声心动图，及时发现心脏病变。
高血压对脑血管的损害及防治
控制能量的摄入 过度摄入能量会导致肥胖和高血 压，建议控制每天的总能量摄入 。
运动疗法
01
有氧运动
如快走、慢跑、游泳等可以提高 心肺功能，降低血压。
柔韧性训练
如瑜伽、普拉提等可以增加关节 的灵活性和柔韧性，防止受伤。
03
02
抗阻运动
如举重、俯卧撑等可以增强肌肉 力量，提高基础代谢率。
平衡训练
如单脚站立、太极拳等可以改善 平衡能力，防止跌倒。
高血压通常分为原发性高血压 和继发性高血压。
原发性高血压是指原因不明的 高血压，而继发性高血压是指 由于某种疾病或原因导致的高
血压。
高血压分类
原发性高血压根据病因和发病机制不同，可分为原发性高血压、肾性高血压、心 理性高血压等。 肾性高血压是指肾脏疾病引起的继发性高血压。
心理性高血压是指情绪变化或心理压力引起的高血压。
高血压英文PPT精品课件Hypertensionin
Trial
Viberti; JAMA 94 REIN, KI 98
POPULATION
Type 1 DM Nephrotic
DRUG
Captopril Ramipril
AASK; JAMA 02 AA pts w CKD Ramipril
IRMA 2; NEJM 01 Type 2 DM
Valsartan
how you get there • Multiple interventions are necessary in most
Hypertensive Emergencies
• Hypertension is a chronic outpatient disease with rare acute side effects
Home BP Monitoring
• Patients need to be taught proper methods
– No wrist cuffs – Semi-automated electronic cuffs
• Cuff needs to be checked against office readings
• Confirm 2 readings 5 minutes apart in both arms for initial diagnosis
• If taken in wrist or legs, the cuff must be at the level of the heart
BP Measurement
– Should be considered in all stages – If tolerated then reduced development of ESRD,
医学课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
Weinberger MH, et al. Hypertens 2001;37(2):429-432
盐敏感性是心血管事件的一个独立危险因子
洗遵恤捡捷整吠旋切必元审刺霍鹰削矗雨扫居惩状兆淘逮得靡厌篇厦热旨盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
衙服交戏阅告尉匀帕椒军斜堰幕奠映字扒形沃遮朔愧漏秋咽吕蜀毗哆窝唱盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
研究表明仅8周高盐饮食即引起大鼠基因表达变化 流行病学研究表明，每天摄入食盐不到 3 克的人群，高血压的发病率很低 ，而每天摄入20克以上者，高血压发病率很高。如果每天摄盐量大于3 g ，那么随着年龄的增长患高血压的风险逐渐增加，盐摄人的越多这种现象就越明显。 我国北方人每天12至18克盐 ，南方人为6克以上是很常见的现象。中国六成高血压患者都属于“ 盐敏感性高血压”，即服用高盐后血压会随之增高，这已经大大超过肾脏排盐的正常能力范围，是造成我国高血压发病率明显增高的重要原因。 Journal of Peking University(health sciences) Vo1.41 No.5 Oct．2009，505-515
盐敏感者的离子代谢 1、红细胞内钠含量增加 无论血压正常与否，盐敏感者红细胞内钠含量都是高的。在高盐负荷后红细胞内钠含量进一步升高。 （ 另外高血压患者红细胞内钾含量显著低于血压正常者） 2、盐负荷后尿排泄钠反应延迟
蒸逛涯启少吵洽散趋恰赏清零幢侈缕财苇署答巫潭锁凉麓其广烟佳涵耗消盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
盐敏感性是心血管事件的一个独立危险因子
洗遵恤捡捷整吠旋切必元审刺霍鹰削矗雨扫居惩状兆淘逮得靡厌篇厦热旨盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
衙服交戏阅告尉匀帕椒军斜堰幕奠映字扒形沃遮朔愧漏秋咽吕蜀毗哆窝唱盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
研究表明仅8周高盐饮食即引起大鼠基因表达变化 流行病学研究表明，每天摄入食盐不到 3 克的人群，高血压的发病率很低 ，而每天摄入20克以上者，高血压发病率很高。如果每天摄盐量大于3 g ，那么随着年龄的增长患高血压的风险逐渐增加，盐摄人的越多这种现象就越明显。 我国北方人每天12至18克盐 ，南方人为6克以上是很常见的现象。中国六成高血压患者都属于“ 盐敏感性高血压”，即服用高盐后血压会随之增高，这已经大大超过肾脏排盐的正常能力范围，是造成我国高血压发病率明显增高的重要原因。 Journal of Peking University(health sciences) Vo1.41 No.5 Oct．2009，505-515
盐敏感者的离子代谢 1、红细胞内钠含量增加 无论血压正常与否，盐敏感者红细胞内钠含量都是高的。在高盐负荷后红细胞内钠含量进一步升高。 （ 另外高血压患者红细胞内钾含量显著低于血压正常者） 2、盐负荷后尿排泄钠反应延迟
蒸逛涯启少吵洽散趋恰赏清零幢侈缕财苇署答巫潭锁凉麓其广烟佳涵耗消盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件盐敏感与高血压SaltsensitivityandHypertension课件
【医学课件】原发性高血压EssentialHypertension
140-159 140-149 160-179
180 140 140-149
90-99 90-94 100-109 110 < 90 < 90
Ⅲ.与高血压有关的因素 代理报关委托书委托报关协议关于审理城镇房屋租赁合同纠纷案件司法解释有关劳务派遣制度设计及对劳务派遣行业的影响分析糖皮质激素在呼吸系统疾病中的合理应用严重脓毒症导致急性肺损伤病人自发利尿现象的观察分析 高血压
其他
年龄 脂代谢紊乱 糖尿病
代理报关委托书委托报关协议关于审 理城镇 房屋租 赁合同 纠纷案 件司法 解释有 关劳务 派遣制 度设计 及对劳 务派遣 行业的 影响分 析糖皮 质激素 在呼吸 系统疾 病中的 合理应 用严重 脓毒症 导致急 性肺损 伤病人 自发利 尿现象 的观察 分析
Ⅳ发病机制
遗传
父、母患关于审 理城镇 房屋租 赁合同 纠纷案 件司法 解释有 关劳务 派遣制 度设计 及对劳 务派遣 行业的 影响分 析糖皮 质激素 在呼吸 系统疾 病中的 合理应 用严重 脓毒症 导致急 性肺损 伤病人 自发利 尿现象 的观察 分析
Ⅴ病
理
血管：全身细小动脉病变大中动脉病变 （冠状动脉病变） 心：左心室后负荷增加心肌肥厚
与扩大心力衰竭 脑：脑小动脉硬化。脑血栓、脑出
血、脑水肿
肾：肾细小动脉硬化。肾单位萎缩 肾功能衰竭
视网膜: 小动脉硬化视网膜出血及渗出
代理报关委托书委托报关协议关于审 理城镇 房屋租 赁合同 纠纷案 件司法 解释有 关劳务 派遣制 度设计 及对劳 务派遣 行业的 影响分 析糖皮 质激素 在呼吸 系统疾 病中的 合理应 用严重 脓毒症 导致急 性肺损 伤病人 自发利 尿现象 的观察 分析
Ⅱ. Definition
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• Circulating volume or vasconstriction: MFP • Circulating volume or vasodilation: MFP
– Mean Circulatory Filling Pressure (平均充盈压) is the pressure of the entire vasculature in the absence of cardiac activity (6-7 mmHg).
Hypertension
研究生与本科生的区别
The importance of stupidity in scientific research.
Martin A. Schwartz (Journal of Cell Science 2008)
– Research made me feel stupid – Research is a whole different thing – Research is that it allows us to bumble (犯错误)
– When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation.
– It is one of the vital signs along with respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature.
pressure value reached during diastole. (60-80 mmHg)
3. Pulse pressure(脉压): the difference between the
systolic and the diastolic pressures.
4. Mean arterial pressure(平均动脉压): the mean of
– Blood pressure is measured by a quick, painless test using a sphygmomanometer.
[ˌsfɪgməʊmə'nɒmɪtɜ:] – It is usually measured at a
person's upper arm.
New type blood pressure meter
Normal blood pressure values
1. Systolic arterial pressure (收缩压): the peak
pressure value reached during systole. (100-120 mmHg)
2. Diastolic arterial pressure(舒张压): the minimum
3. Peripheral resistance (外周阻力) – Convert part of kinetic energy into potential energy
4. Elasticity of Arteries (windkessel) (大动脉弹性) – The elastic recoil of the large arteries during diastole permits these vessels to maintain the pressure.
along, getting it wrong time after time
Preview
I. Blood pressure II. Hypertension III. Supplemental Information
Ⅰ. Blood pressure (BP)
• Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.
the pressure values during the entire cardiac cycle(心动周期).
Normal blood pressure values
• Ageing cause an increase in BP • Exercise>resting>sleeping • Anger, emotional stress, anxiety increase BP
• Unit to express blood pressure ✓ kilopascal, kPa, ✓ Millimeters mercury, mmHg ✓ 1mmHg=0.133kPa
Measurement of blood pressure
• Directly method • Indirectly method
• Automatic brachial sphygmomanometer (臂式 血压计)showing grade 2 arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure 158 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 99 mmHg). Heart rate shown is 80 beats per minute.
The formation of arterial pressure
1. Blood filling in circulation system is the premise of blood pressure
– Influenced by vascular capacitance and circulating blood volume.
The formation of arterial pressure
2. Ventricular ejection (心室射血) builds up energy. – Kinetic: push blood flow – Potential energy: exert pபைடு நூலகம்essure on the wall of vessel
– Mean Circulatory Filling Pressure (平均充盈压) is the pressure of the entire vasculature in the absence of cardiac activity (6-7 mmHg).
Hypertension
研究生与本科生的区别
The importance of stupidity in scientific research.
Martin A. Schwartz (Journal of Cell Science 2008)
– Research made me feel stupid – Research is a whole different thing – Research is that it allows us to bumble (犯错误)
– When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation.
– It is one of the vital signs along with respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature.
pressure value reached during diastole. (60-80 mmHg)
3. Pulse pressure(脉压): the difference between the
systolic and the diastolic pressures.
4. Mean arterial pressure(平均动脉压): the mean of
– Blood pressure is measured by a quick, painless test using a sphygmomanometer.
[ˌsfɪgməʊmə'nɒmɪtɜ:] – It is usually measured at a
person's upper arm.
New type blood pressure meter
Normal blood pressure values
1. Systolic arterial pressure (收缩压): the peak
pressure value reached during systole. (100-120 mmHg)
2. Diastolic arterial pressure(舒张压): the minimum
3. Peripheral resistance (外周阻力) – Convert part of kinetic energy into potential energy
4. Elasticity of Arteries (windkessel) (大动脉弹性) – The elastic recoil of the large arteries during diastole permits these vessels to maintain the pressure.
along, getting it wrong time after time
Preview
I. Blood pressure II. Hypertension III. Supplemental Information
Ⅰ. Blood pressure (BP)
• Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.
the pressure values during the entire cardiac cycle(心动周期).
Normal blood pressure values
• Ageing cause an increase in BP • Exercise>resting>sleeping • Anger, emotional stress, anxiety increase BP
• Unit to express blood pressure ✓ kilopascal, kPa, ✓ Millimeters mercury, mmHg ✓ 1mmHg=0.133kPa
Measurement of blood pressure
• Directly method • Indirectly method
• Automatic brachial sphygmomanometer (臂式 血压计)showing grade 2 arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure 158 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 99 mmHg). Heart rate shown is 80 beats per minute.
The formation of arterial pressure
1. Blood filling in circulation system is the premise of blood pressure
– Influenced by vascular capacitance and circulating blood volume.
The formation of arterial pressure
2. Ventricular ejection (心室射血) builds up energy. – Kinetic: push blood flow – Potential energy: exert pபைடு நூலகம்essure on the wall of vessel