小升初形容词副词

形容词和副词

一. 形容词

1.修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。

女口：She is a beautiful girl.（漂亮的）

2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

女口：I have an interesting book. （interesting 有趣的，修饰book,在句中作定语）

We are happy today. （happy快乐的，在句中作表语）

Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.（clean 干净的，tidy 整洁的，在句中都作

宾

语补足语）

3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序

限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）

女口： a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。

the big round red wooden table.又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。

二. 副词：

1.通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中

作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。

女口：You must listen to the teacher carefully.（仔细地，认真地）

2.副词的分类

1）时间副词:now, today等

2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, n ever

2）地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs 等

3）方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely 等

4）程度副词:much, little, quite 等

5）疑问副词:how, when, where, why 等

三. 形容词转化成副词

1.一般在形容词后加ly,女口：quick-quickly

2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i,加ly,如：happy-happily

3.以ue结尾的形容词，去e加ly,女口：true-truly

注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境

来判断。另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly, lovely Ionely, lively 等。

四. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成

1.比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如tall-taller, well-better

2.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如Io ng-lo ngest

3.比较级和最高级的变化规则：

规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：

a.在词尾直接力口-er/est,女口：short-shorter-shortest

b.词尾是e,只力口-r/st,女口：nice-nicer-nicest

c.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-er/est,女口：happy-happier-happiest

d.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,

女口：big-bigger-biggest

e.其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most,女口：more/most delicious

不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）

1.原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为" ....... 和相同”相当于t h e s a m e a s…

肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as B

Tom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.

否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B

This tree is not as/so tall as that one.

2.比较级的用法：

1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ B

Susan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary

注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little , far, a lot, a bit来修饰。

2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+than

I ' m two years older than you.

Our classroom is twice bigger tha n yours. 3）比较级+and+比较级，表示"越来越..... ”

The earth is gett ing warmer and warmer.

4) the +比较级，the +比较级，表示"越•

,就越

The more, the better.越多越好。(多多益善)

3.最高级用法：

用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较，最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时, 不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。

1)one of the + 最高级

Shan ghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

2)比较级句型表达最高级意义

A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)

女口：The Chan gjia ng River is Ion ger tha n any other river in China.

A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)

女口：The Chan gjia ng River is Ion ger tha n the other rivers in China.

以上两句意思相当于：The Chan gjia ng River is the Ion gest river in China.

随堂演练(满分100分)

一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)

old _________ ____________ young _________ ______________ t all______ ______________ long __________ ___ short ________ __________ strong _________ ____________ b ig __________ ________ small ________ ___ fat ______ _____________ t hin ______________ ___________ heavy ________ ____________ light _________ —nice ________ ___________ good ____________ ___________ beautiful _________ _______ _________ _____ low __________ __________ high ___________ ___________ slow_________ ____________ fast ________ ___ late _________ __________ early _______________________ f ar __________ ___________ well ___________

二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：(23*1分=23分)

1.My brother is two years __________ (old)tha n me.

2.Tom is as _________ (fat) as Jim.

3.Is your sister _________ (young) tha n you? Yes,she is.

4.Who is ____________ (thi n),you or Hele n? Hele n is.

5.Whose pen cil-box is _________ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.

6.Mary ' s hair is as __________ (long) as Lucy ' s.

7.Be n _____ (jump) _________ (high) tha n some of the boys in his class.

8._______ Nancy si ng ____________ (well) tha n Hele n? Yes, she ___ .

9.Fa ngfang is not as ______ (tall) as the other girls.