小升初形容词副词

形容词和副词

一．形容词

1.修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。

如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的)

2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

如：I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语)

We are happy today. (happy快乐的，在句中作表语)

Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾

语补足语)

3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序

限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）

如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。

the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。

二．副词：

1.通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中

作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。

如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地，认真地)

2.副词的分类

1) 时间副词: now, today等

2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never

2) 地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs等

3) 方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely等

4) 程度副词: much, little, quite等

5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why等

三．形容词转化成副词

1.一般在形容词后加ly, 如：quick-quickly

2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i, 加ly, 如：happy-happily

3.以ue 结尾的形容词，去e加ly, 如：true-truly

注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly, lovely lonely, lively等。四．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成

1.比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如tall-taller, well-better

2.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如long-longest

3.比较级和最高级的变化规则：

规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：

a.在词尾直接加-er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortest

b.词尾是e，只加-r/st, 如：nice-nicer-nicest

c.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-er/est, 如：happy-happier-happiest

d.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,

如：big-bigger-biggest

e.其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most, 如：more/most delicious

不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）

1. 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”相当于the same as…肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as B

Tom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.

否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B

This tree is not as/so tall as that one.

2. 比较级的用法:

1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ B

Susan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary

注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit来修饰。2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+than

I’m two years older than you.

Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.

3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”

The earth is getting warmer and warmer.

4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……, 就越……”

The more, the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）

3. 最高级用法：

用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。

1）one of the +最高级

Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

2）比较级句型表达最高级意义

A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)

如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.

A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)

如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.

以上两句意思相当于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

随堂演练（满分100分）

一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)

old________ young_______ tall______ long________

short________ strong________ big________ small_______

fat________ thin__________ heavy______ light________

nice________ good_________ beautiful_________ ________

low_________ high_________ slow_______ fast________

late_________ early_________ far_________ well_______

二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1分=23分）

1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.

2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.

3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.

4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.

5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.

6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.

7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.

8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.

9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.

10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..