SAT阅读词汇题三大关键技巧
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SAT阅读词汇题三大关键技巧
自新SAT考试问世以来,针对词汇知识的考察摒弃了以往老SAT偏向晦涩词汇
(seldom-used words)的传统,而是专攻“高实用性”词汇(high-utility academic words and phrases),即在阅读理解的词汇题中,考查学生从上下文语境中分析某个常用词特定意义的能力,而非检验考生的词汇量是否涵盖到某些生僻少用的难词。考点词汇的特征是:多为简单词汇,但词性、词义用法多元化。这类语境词汇题(words in context)在每篇阅读文章中占2个左右,即每套阅读考题一般出现10个左右的词汇题。以下是词汇题最典型的的两种提问方式:
As used in line **, **** most nearly means
In line **, **** is closest in meaning to
下面采用OG中的例题,给大家介绍三类突破词汇题的关键技巧:
I. 平行关系:
阅读文章中,出现用and连接的并列句,前后分句彼此间为“平行关系”。如词汇题所考的单词存在于这样的句子里,则可到与之平行的另一分句中,寻找含义对等的词,来推断考点词汇的意义。无论是SAT的阅读考试还是语法考试,平行关系都是重要考点。
例:OG T2/P2/14
14. As used in line 6,“embraced” mostnearly means
[A] lovingly held. [B] readilyadopted.
[C] eagerly hugged. [D]reluctantlyused.
Some argue that because the free markets allow for personal choice,they are already ethical. Others have acceptedthe ethical critique and embraced corporatesocial responsibility. But before we can label any market outcome as “immoral”,or sneer at economists who try to put a price on being ethical, we need to beclear on what we are talking about.
Key: B
本题考点词汇embrace在and之后的一个分句中充当谓语成分,则根据平行关系,找到前一个分句中的谓语accepted,因此,需匹配含以上表示“接受”的选项,B中的adopted最吻合,故为答案。
值得一提的是,如果考点是单个的单词,比较常见的情况是四个选项也都是单个单词,而如果像本题这样在四个备选动词基础上,额外增加了修饰性的副词,则可根据这些修饰成分的含义来排除干扰项。如本题D中出现了reluctantly,这显然与我们已经判断出来的考点含义不吻合,故D排除。
以上例题为2个分句平行,OG中也出现过3各分句构成平行关系的考点:
例:OG T4/P2/13
13. In line 34, “flat” is closest inmeaning to
[A] static [B] deflated
[C] featureless [D] obscure
It is important to remember that demographic inversion is not aproxy for population growth; it can occur in cities that are growing, those whose numbers are flat,and even in those undergoing a modest declinein size.
Key:A
本题考点为形容词,修饰numbers,应当表示数据升降变化,而从感性体验角度进行描述的形容词C(featureless)和D(obscure)可排除。考点词flat所处的句子,是三个平行分句的中间那个,而纵观三个平行分句,第一个句子讲到人口数量growing,第三个句子则用了decline来描述人口数量变化,因此可推断中间那个句子要表达的意思是人口数量“稳定不变”,故选A。
II. 搭配关系3:
如果考点词汇是动词,可以利用动词的固定搭配,尤其“动词+介词”的固定搭配,从筛选适合替换考点的单词。
例:OG T3/P2/16
16. As used in line 58, “credit” mostnearly means
[A] endow [B] attribute
[C] believe [D] honor
If you credit the demographers, this transittrend has legs.
Key: C
本题中的credit,属于典型的词性、词义多元化的考点,本文中特指“相信,许以信用”,是及物动词,固定搭配为credit sb.,“相信某人”,此时宾语必须为人,不能为表示事物的名词。意为“捐赠”的A,endow后面的宾语只能用物而不能用人,故首先排除。同理,B,attribute作为及物动词,宾语一般也是物,且用法为attribute sth. to…介词to作为固定搭配不可缺少,而原文中没有出现to,可知如选B代入原文作为credit的替换词汇是不可行的。考生也可多运用这样的“代入法”,来检验选项是否符合原文要求。
III.修饰关系
修饰关系一般包括:考点是动词时,根据其后的宾语作为含义推测线索;考点是名词时,则以修饰名词的形容词作为线索。另外,定语从句、状语从句等典型的起到修饰和补充说明作用的从句,也可作为线索。
例:OG T2/P4/47
47. As used in line 65, “devise” mostnearly means
[A] create [B] solve
[C] imagine [D] begin
The researchers were also able to devise a mathematical model that describes the movementand formation of these waves.
Key: A
本题考点为动词,看到其后宾语,及动作的对象是mathematical model,判断A,create符合条件。
例:OG T2/P4/37
37. As used in line 24, “rule” most nearlyrefers to
[A] a general guideline
[B] a controllingforce
[C] an established habit
[D] a proceduralmethod