第四讲 主谓一致

第四讲主谓一致

概述：指主语和谓语保持数的一致。SAT考题通常把句子的主语和谓语用很长的干扰信息分开，这就要求考生排除干扰，找出句子的主语和谓语。

1.名词作主语与谓语的一致

1）重点记一些名词：

⑴部分学科名称，虽以s结尾，但仍用作单数。如：mathematics, physics, statistics,

economics, politics, ethnics, electronics, acoustics, mechanics

(2) 特殊可数名词：crisis-crises, analysis-analyses, thesis-theses, bacterium-bacteria,

criterion-criteria, medium-media, phenomenon-phenomena, ox-oxen, goose-geese, 不可数名词：advice, luggage, baggage, equipment, clothing, information, news, progress, damage, furniture,等。

2）集合名词作主语，如表整体用单数谓语；如表成员用复数谓语

The football team consists of 20 players.

The football team are having a bath now.

常见的这类词有：family, group, stuff, team, community, people, crowd, audience, class, club,等。

但是，有些集合名词，如cattle, police, poultry, youth其后的谓语总是用复数。

如：The police have caught the murderer.

3）单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据名词意义来决定谓语单复数。常见的这类名词有：fish, sheep, deer, works, species, means, crossroads, series, headquarters等。

如：The species of fish are numerous.

This species of rose is very rare.

Every means has been tried.

All means of communications of here and outside have been interrupted.

2.由连接词连接的主语和谓语的一致

1）由and连接两个名词，如果指同一人或物，谓语用单数，否则用复数。

如：The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.

The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting

Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.(“早睡早起”看成是一件事)

2）如果主语是and连接两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, many a ,no等修饰，谓语用单数。

如：During holidays, every train and steamboat was crowded.

Many a boy and many a girl is playing games.

3) 一个单数或复数名词+with, along with, together with, combined with, as well as, rather than等所跟的名词作主语时，谓语要跟前面的名词同单同复。

Tom, together with two of his classmates_____ invited to the party.

4) 邻近原则：当主语用or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接时，谓语要与邻近的主语同单同复。

如：One or two friends are coming this evening.

Not only his classmates but also he is going abroad.

Neither I nor you are to blame.

3.“代词”以及“限定词+名词”作主语和谓语的一致

1）all ,half, most, none, some, the rest of等作主语时，要根据他们所代替的词的汉以来确定。

如：Most of his spare time was spent in reading.

The rest of the questions are easy.

2 ) 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句一般被看做修饰复数名词，从句中的谓语用复数形式。

但是，在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句看做修饰单数名词，从句中的谓语用复数形式。

如：This is one of the best books that are published this year.

He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.

4.there be 结构的主谓一致,其中be可换为stand，exist，seem，appear，remain等表状

态的词。

there be 实际是一个倒装句，主语在be的后面，谓语要和主语一致。

如：There are many fruit trees on the hill.

There stands a weather station at the top of the hill.

但是，如果be后的主语为并列结构时，be动词的单复数要取决于靠近be的那个词。

如：there is a desk and two chairs in the office.

5.数词、量词作主语时