2019年北京卷英语高考真题

（北京卷）2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）第一节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1. 5 分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A1 （voice）my bigges t concern to m y mother.＂How wi l l I make f r i ends?＂She handed me adv ice.＂Be yourse l f.＂For the2B4（mark）on22Apr i l, i s an annua l even t a iming to ra i se pub l ic awareness abou t51970,the Day now inc ludes event s in more than 190 coun t r ies and reg ions（地区）. No mat te r wha t you l ike to do,there i s a way to ge t i nvolved in va r ious 6（ac t iv i ty）on Ear th Day. You can p lan t a t r ee, make a mea l wi th loca l ly g rown vege tab les, o r save power—the poss ib i l i t i e s a reCDoes the name of t he co l lege you a t t e nd rea l ly mat te r? Research on the ques t ionm ost s tuden t s, i t doesn’t.What s tudents do a t co l l ege seems to mat te r much more than 8they go. The s tuden ts benef i t t ing mos t f rom co l lege a re those9 a re to ta l ly engaged（参与）in academic l i f e,t ak ing fu l l advan tage o f the col lege’s chances and resources（资源）. S tuden ts should have a p roper a t t i tude towards co l l ege before th ink ing about which co l lege t o a t t end,and i t’s never too ea r ly to make necessa ry p repara t ions fo r a hea l t hy and10（meaning）co l lege exper ience.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Regard less o f the wea ther o r the dis tance,Pau l Wil son wi l l make s ure low-income studen t s in h i s ne ighbourhood a r r i ve a t the i r co l l ege c lasses on t ime.A re t i red eng ineer, 76-year-o ld Wi l s on has been11 f r ee r ides to col lege s tuden t s fo r the pas t e igh t years. S ince he f i r s t s t a r t ed12hi s ca r to the young people. Wi l son has 13am as toni sh ing 64, 000 mi les,14wi th the s tuden t s he t ranspor t s t o and f rom school. The s tuden ts who he’s15have gone on to become phys ic ians,t eachers and eng ineers,but wha t they’ve al so got ou t o f the i r t ime in school i s f ind i ng a ro le mode l and a f r i end in Wi l son. Some s tuden t s16ca l l h im＂Grandpa＂.Tina S te rn17 r ides f rom Wi l son fo r a l l he r four years in co l lege,and the t r ips mean t much more to he r than jus t f ree18 ."I t’s no t jus t a r ide；you’re no t just s i t t ing the re in 19s i l ence or wi th your headphones20the answers,so the nex t t ime you r ide wi th h im, on.＂Ste rn sa id.＂He asks you ques t ions and ac tua l lyhe’l l21those th ings."Wilson f i r s t worked as a d r ive r th rough a s tuden t-suppor t p rogram me of the non-prof i t o r ganiza t ion,On Poin t fo r Col lege.Although the22asks the me m bers on ly to d r ive s tuden t s to and f rom the i r c lasses, Wil son of ten goes23 to ensure the we l fa re and sa fe ty o f the s tuden ts.I f they have p rob lems wi th reg i s t ra t ion.Wilson i s the re to 24them.I f t hey run ou t o f ce r t a in da i ly necess i t i e s. Wi l son wi l l d r ive to the neares t s to re and purchase what’s needed.I f a s tuden t ge t s hungry on the long dr ives to and f rom school, Wi l son never25to buy them a mea l.For many s tuden ts, Wi l son’s he lp i s not on ly apprec ia ted,i t’s a l so en t i re lycomple te the i r co l l ege educa t ion. Some s tuden t s don’t have a re l i ab le ca r, whi le o thers have towith paren t s who work s ix days a week.For them, r id ing wi th Wi l s on has28them to comple te t he i r educa t ion—bu t accord ing to Wi l son, he benef i t s jus t as much f rom the 29.＂I jus t love d r iv ing and I l ove these k ids,"Wi l son sa id."I t’s such a（n）30to be a pa r t o f these k i ds’ l ives,even jus t fo r a few hours, get t ingC. of fe r ingWe work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we needC. negot ia t ionsC. addressedC. once阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AW ant to exp lore new cul tu res, mee t new people and do s o meth ing wor thwhi l e a t the same t ime? You can do volun tee r managers aged 25-75. They a re ex t remely impor tan t in the sa fe a nd e f fec t ive runn ing of our p rogram m es.a l l the th ree wi th Globa l Deve lopment Assoc ia t ion（G D A）.Whatever s t age o f l i f e you’re a t,wherever you go and W e have such ro les a s p ro jec t managers, mounta in l eaders, **munica t ion o f f i ce r s.whatever p ro jec t you do in GD A, you’l l c rea te pos i t ive changes in a poor and **muni ty（社区）.Depending on which ro le you choose,you cou ld he lp to inc rease a com muni ty’s access to sa fe dr ink ing wate r, or he lp to p ro tec t va luab le loca l cu l tu r es. You migh t a l so des ign an adven ture cha l lenge to t ra in young vo lun tee rs.Not on ly wi l l you he lp our young vo l unteers to deve lop persona l ly, you’l l a l so l ea rn new sk i l l s and inc reaseThere is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skillsBSchedule4-week progra m m es5Ju l.—1 Aug.Alger iaEgyptwhi le b r ing ing benef i t s to **muni t i e s.G D A ensures tha t volun tee r s work **muni ty me mbers and loca l p ro jec t par tne rs where our he lp i sneeded. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and **munities.Find ou t more about jo in ing a GD A program me:E mai l:**B. To take in young vo lun tee rs.D. To fos te r cu l tu r a l awareness..B. pro tec t the env i r on mentD. **muni t i e s in needI t a l l began when M oore v i s i t ed a bank wi th he r dad. On the ou t ing,she was o f fe reda candy bar.However, he r dad reminded he r tha t sugary t rea t s were bad fo r he r t ee th. But Moore was s ick ofwould contain.help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and miss ing ou t on candies. So she des i red to ge t round the warn ing,"Why can’t I make a hea l thy candy tha t’s good f or m y tee th so tha t my paren t s can’t say no to i t?"Wi th that in mind, Moore asked he r dad i f she could s ta r t he r own **pany. He recommended tha t she do some resea rch and t a lk to den t i s t s about wha t a hea l th ie r candyWith he r dad’s permiss ion, she spent the nex t two year s resea rch ing on l i ne and conduc t ing t r i a l s to ge t a rec ipe tha t was both t as ty and too th-f r i end ly. She a l so approached den t i s t s to l ea rn more about t ee th c lean ing. Consequen t ly, she succeeded in making a k ind o f candy on ly us ing natu ra l swee teners, which can reduce ora l bac te r ia.M oore then used her sav ings to ge t her bus iness o f the g r ound. Af te rwards,she and he r fa ther secured the i rf i r s t bus iness mee t i ng wi th a supermarke t owner, who f ina l ly agreed to se l l M oore’s p roduc t—CanCandy.As CanCandy’s success g rows,so does Moore’s c red ibi l i ty as a young ent r epreneur. Moore i s en thus ias t i c about the candy she c rea ted,and she’s a l so pos i t ive about wha t the fu tu re might b r ing. She hopes tha t every k id can have a c lean mouth and a b road smi le.M ean whi le,wi th her pa ren t s’ he lp,Moore i s genera l ly ab le to l ive a normal t eenage l i f e.Al though she founded **pany ear ly on in l i f e,she wasn’t d r iven p r imar i ly by p rof i t. Moore wants to use her un ique t a len t tode te rmina t ion,i t a ppears tha t the sky could be the l imi t f or Al ice Moore.B.I t i s f ree o f swee teners.B. To he lp o thers f ind smi les.D. To bea t o the r **panies.way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogetheryour identity. D. Success means ge t t ing persona l des i res sa t i s f i ed.CThe prob lem of roboca l l s has go t ten so bad tha t many people now re fuse t o p ick up ca l l s f rom nu mbers they don’t know. By next year, ha l f o f the ca l l s we rece ive wil l be scams（欺诈）. We a re f ina l l y waking up to the sever i ty o f the p roblem by suppor t ing and deve lop ing a g roup o f too l s,apps and approaches in tended to p reven t scam mers f rom ge t t ing th rough. Unfor tuna te ly,i t’s too l i t t l e,too l a te. By the t ime these＂so l ut ions"（解决方案）become wide ly avai l ab le,scam mers wi l l have moved on t o c levere r means.I n the near fu tu re,i t’s no t jus t go ing t o be the number you see on your sc reen tha t wi l l be in doubt. Soon you wi l l a l so ques t ion whe ther the vo ice you’re hear ing i s ac tua l ly rea l.That’s because there a re a number o f powerfu l vo ice manipu la t ion(处理) and au tomat ion t echnolog ies tha t are abou t to become wide ly ava i lab le fo r anyone to use.At th i s year’s I/O Conference,a com pany showed a new voice t echnology ab le to p roduce s uch a conv inc ing human-sounding voice tha t i t was ab le to speak to a recep t ion i s t and book a rese rva t ion withou t de tec t ion.These deve lopment s a re l ike ly to make our cur ren t p roblems wi th robocal l s much worse. The reason tha t roboca l l s a re a headache has l ess to do wi th amount t han prec i s ion. A decade o f da ta b reaches（数据侵入）of persona l in format i on has l ed to a s i t ua t ion where scammers can eas i ly l earn your mother’s name, and fa r more. Ar med wi th th i s knowledge,they’re able to ca r ry ou t indiv idua l ly t a rge ted campaigns to chea t people. Th is means, fo r example,tha t a scam mer cou ld ca l l you f rom wha t looks to be a fami l i a r number and ta lk t o you us ing a vo ice tha t sounds exac t ly l ike your bank te l l er’s,t r i ck ing you in to"conf i rming"your address, mother’s name, and card nu mber. Scam mers fo l low money,so companies wi l l be the wors t h i t. A lo t o f bus iness i s s t i l l done over the phone, and much o f i t i s based on t rus t and ex i s t ing re la t ionsh ips.Voice manipula t ion t echnologi e s may weaken t ha t gradua l ly.and moving towards da ta-**munica t i ons— us ing apps l ike FaceTime or W ha t sApp, which can be t i ed toW e need to dea l with the insecure na ture o f our ** ne tworks. Phone ca r r i e r s and consumers need to worktogether to find ways of determining **municating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniformA. Pan icked.B. Confused.C. E mbar rassed.D. Disappoin ted.39. Tak ing advan tage o f the new technolog ies,scam mers can ___________.A. a im a t v ic t ims prec i se lyB. damage da tabases eas i lyD.spread in formation wide ly40.What does the passage imply?A. Hones ty i s the bes t po l icy.41.Which o f the f ol lowing would be the bes t t i t l e fo r the passage?A.Where the Probl em of Roboca l l s I s RootedDBy the end o f the cen tury,i f no t sooner,the wor ld’s oceans wi l l be b luer and greener thanks to a warmingc l imate,accord ing to a new s tudy.At the hear t o f the pheno menon l i e t iny mar ine microorgan i sms（海洋微生物）ca l led phy t oplank ton. Because of the way l igh t r ef lec t s o f f the o rgan i sms, these phy t oplank ton c rea te c olour fu l pa t t e rns at the ocean sur face. Ocean co lour va r ie s f rom green to b lue, depend ing on the type and concen t ra t ion o f phy top lankton. Cl imate change wil l fue l the g rowth o f phy top lank ton in some a reas, whi le reduc ing i t i n o ther spo t s,l eading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytop lank ton l ive a t the ocean sur f ace,where they pul l ca rbon d iox ide（二氧化碳）in to the ocean whi le giv ing o f f oxygen.W hen these o rgan i sms d ie,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an impor tant p rocess tha t he lps to regu la te the g loba l c l imate. Bu t phytop lank ton a re vulne rab le to the ocean’s warming t re nd.Warming changes key charac te r i s t i c s of the ocean and can a f fec t phy top lankton g rowth,s ince they need no t on ly sun l igh t and ca rbon diox ide to g row, but a l so nu t r i en t s.Stephan ie Dutk iewicz, a sc ien t i s t i n MIT’s Cente r f or Globa l Change Sc ience, bu i l t a c l imate mode l that pro jec t s changes t o the oceans th roughout the cen tury.In a wor ld tha t warms up by 3℃, i t found tha t mul t ipl e changes to the colour o f the oceans would occur. The mode l p ro ject s tha t cur ren t ly blue a reas wi th l i t t l e phytop lank ton could become even b l uer. Bu t in some waters, such as those o f the Arc t i c,a warming wi l l makeunnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. ＂It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that thecondi t ions r ipe r f or phy top lank ton,and these a reas w i l l tu rn g reener.＂Not on ly a r e the quan t i t i e s of phytop lank ton in t he ocean chang ing,＂she sa id,＂bu t t he type o f phy top l ankton i s chang ing.＂And why does tha t ma t te r? Phytop lankton a re the base of the food web.I f c er ta in k inds beg in t o d i sappearf rom the ocean, Dutk iewicz sa id,＂i t wi l l change the type o f f i sh tha t wi l l be ab le to surv ive.＂Those k inds of changes cou ld a f fec t the food cha in.W hatever co lour c hanges the ocean exper iences in **ing decades wi l l p robab ly be too g radua l andchanges a re happening because o f c l i mate change,＂Dutk iewicz sa id,＂but the change in t he co lour o f the ocean wil l be one o f the ear ly warn ing s igna l s tha t we rea l ly have changed our p lane t.＂42.What a re the f i r s t two paragraphs main ly about?A. The var ious pa t t erns a t the ocean s ur face.B. The cause o f the changes in ocean co lour.C. The way l igh t r ef lec t s o f f mar ine organ isms.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。