张家界有轨电车系统项目建议书

⬠ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳
乍Ⳃ 䆂к
䆒 ԡ˖
㓪 ԡ˖ 䪕䆒䅵ⷨお䰶 䰤
Ѡ䳊ϔѠ
Ⳃ
㄀ϔゴ 㚠 ⬠ ὖ ԧ ⬹㾘 ὖ ԧ㾘 ⬠Ể 䞥䶁⑾ ⬠ 㓐 Ѹ䗮㾘 㓐 Ѹ䗮㾘 䘧䏃Ѹ䗮㾘 ⬠Ể Ѹ䗮㋏㒳 ϧ乬 ⱘ㚠 ㄀Ѡゴ ⿟ὖ 㾘῵ ⿟ὖ 㾘῵ Ҏ 㒣⌢ ⌕ ㄀ϝゴ ㋏㒳ҟ㒡 ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚 ⫼ ՟ 䔼㋏㒳 䔼㋏㒳ⱘ⡍⚍ 䔼㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼ 䔼㋏㒳ⱘ ⿟ ՟ 䕏䔼㋏㒳 䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ⡍⚍ 䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼ 䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ ⫼ ՟ 㞾 䕧䗕㋏㒳˄$30˅
㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼ 㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳ⱘ ⫼ ՟ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 Ӵ㒳 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 ㄀ ゴ ㋏㒳䗝 ㋏㒳䗝 ㋏㒳↨䗝 ㋏㒳䗝 ㋏㒳䗝 ㋏㒳↨䗝㒧䆎 㸠䔺㒘㒛 Ḝ ㋏㒳䗝 㸠䔺㒘㒛 Ḝ 䕙 䜡㒓䆒㕂 ㄀Ѩゴ ℹ㒓䏃 Ḝ 㒓䏃ὖ ⊓㒓⦄⢊ 㒓䏃 ℹ Ḝ 䔺䕚 ⿟ὖ 䔺䕚 㛑 㒓䔺䕚 㛑 ԡ˖ 䔺䕚 䗝 Ḝ 䜡 䔺䕚 䔺䕚 㾘῵ 䴶㾘 㕂 ㄀ ゴ 㒧 ⿟ 㒧 ⿟ Џ㽕䆒䅵
䔺キ㒧 䯈㒧 ㄀ϗゴ 䌘Ԅㅫ Ḝ 䗄 㓪 ձ 䌍䇈 䌘Ԅㅫ ㄀ ゴ 㒧䆎Ϣ 䆂
㄀ϔゴ 㚠
⬠ ὖ ԧ ⬹㾘
ὖὖ
⬠ Ё ␪ ⳕⱘⳕ䕪 㑻 ˈԡѢ␪ 㽓 䚼ˈ╻∈ЁϞ␌ˈ 㒀 e Ą e Ąǃϰ㒣 e Ą e ĄП䯈ˈЎЁ 䞡㽕ⱘ ␌ ПϔDŽ 䴶⿃ ㉇DŽ Ҏ ϛҎ˄ ˅ˈҹ ǃⱑ ЎЏⱘ ⇥ 㑺 Ҏ ⱘϝ ПѠDŽ 䕪∌ ǃ℺䱉⑤ϸ ǃḥỡϸ DŽ ⬠ ℺䱉 㛝ϰ↉ˈ ˈ ⬅㽓 ϰ ˈḥỡ 㽓 ⱘ 㫀 ⍋ ㉇Ў 催 DŽЏ㽕⊇⌕ ╻∈ǃ⑛∈DŽ Ѯ⛁ 亢 ⑓⍺⇨ ˈ ⇨⏽ ćˈ ⇨⏽ ćˈ ⇨⏽ ćˈ 䰡∈䞣 ↿㉇DŽ ⬠ ⴔ ⣀ ⱘ㞾✊⫳ ␌䌘⑤DŽ ˈ ⬠ ЎЁ ㄀ϔϾ Ể ˈ ˈ℺䱉⑤㹿 ㄀Ѡ 䞡⚍亢 㚰 П ˗ ˈ⬅ ⬠ Ể ǃ㋶⑾ 亢 ǃ 亢 ϝ ⱘ℺䱉⑤㞾✊亢 㹿㘨 ⾥ 㒘㒛 ljϪ⬠㞾✊䘫ѻ NJDŽ ϧ 㗙䌲䁝℺䱉⑤ Ā 㞾✊ⱘ䗋 ā ϡ 䆂ⱘĀ ⧗㑾 ⠽āDŽlj 䰙㞾✊Ϣ㞾✊䌘⑤ 㘨ⲳ 䆘Ӌ NJЁ ˖Ā℺䱉⑤ 亢 Ϟ ҹ 㕢 㽓䚼ⱘ Ͼ Ể 㑾 ⠽Ⳍ↨DŽ℺䱉⑤ ϡ 䅸ⱘ㞾✊㕢DŽ Б㗠 ϡ唤ⱘ⷇ ǃ䚕䚕㩅㩅ⱘỡ㹿ҹ ⏙╜ⱘ␪⊞ǃ⑾⌕DŽā
ԧ㾘
˅ 䋼
䰙亢 ␌
˅ 㘠㛑
˄ ˅Ϫ⬠㞾✊㞾✊䘫ѻ ⱘ 㘠㛑
˄ ˅ 䰙 ␌Ⳃⱘ
˄ ˅␪ ⳕ ␌ 䭓
˄ ˅ ␌
˄ ˅␬㽓 ⦄ҷ ϮЁ
˄ ˅ 㒣⌢ǃ ⊏ǃ Ё
˅ Ⳃ
ḍ lj ⬠ ԧ㾘 ˄ ˅NJˈ ⬠ ⱘ Ⳃ ˖ 㾘 ˈ ⬠ 䆒 Ў ␌ѻϮ催 ǃ ␌䆒 ǃ⦃ Ӭ㕢ǃ⫳ 㡃 ǃ⼒Ӯ 䇤ⱘ 䰙亢 ␌ DŽ
㒣⌢ Ў˖㟇 ˈ ⬠ ⫳ѻ 䖒 ғ ˈ ␌ さ⸈ ғ ˈ ␌ 䍙䖛 ғ DŽ
⼒ӮҎ Ⳃ ˖ 䬛 ⇥ Ḑ ㋏ Ѣ ˈ ⇥ Ḑ ㋏ Ѣ ˗ ⫳ˈϛҎ ⫳ 䖒 Ҏ˗ 㚆ˈ催Ё䰊↉↯ ⥛ ˈ催ㄝ 㚆↯ ⥛ ˗⼒Ӯˈ 䬛㘠 㗕 䰽㽚Ⲫ⥛ DŽ
˅ 䬛ぎ䯈㒧
⬠ 㒧
⬠ 䬛 Ḑ ὖ ЎĀϝ⠛ǃϝ㒓ǃϝ⚍āDŽ
˄ ˅ϝ⠛˖Ё ␌ 㒣⌢ ǃ Ϯ㒣⌢ ǃḥỡ⫳ ␌㒣⌢ DŽ
Ё ␌ 㒣⌢ ˖ ⱘ Ёˈ ⫼ Ӭ ˈ䞡⚍ ㄀ϝѻϮˈ䗖䞣 ⦃ 䕗 ⱘ㄀ѠѻϮ˄ҹ ␌Ⳍ ϮЎЏ˅DŽ Ϯ㒣⌢ ˖ Ёˈ ⫼ Ӭ ˈ 䴶 ϝѻϮDŽ Ё㄀ѠѻϮҹ 㒇Ё ϡ㛑 㒇ⱘ⫼ 䕗 ǃ ⦃ 䕗 ǃ Ⲟ䕗 ⱘѻϮDŽ
ḥỡ⫳ ␌㒣⌢ ˖ ⱘ Ёˈ Ҏ ␌ѻ ˈϢ ⬠ ⱘ㞾✊ ␌ѻ ⳌѦ㸹 ˈ ␌ѻ ԧ㋏DŽ ˈ 㒻㓁 䖯 䌌⌏ ⱘ DŽ
˄ ˅ϝ㒓˖ 催䗳 䏃ǃⳕ䘧6 ⳕ䘧6 ⱘϝ㾦 䘧䏃㔥Ў ⬠ 䬛ԧ㋏ⱘぎ䯈 䕈㒓DŽ
˄ ˅ϝ⚍˖⹂ ∌ Ў ⱘЁ 䬛ˈ ḥỡ Ў ⱘ⃵㑻Ё 䬛ˈ 䖭ϝϾ 㑻Ё 䬛 Ҫ䞡⚍ 䬛ҹ 䞡⚍ 䬛 ϔ㠀 䬛ⱘ䕤 ԰⫼ˈ Ё 㒧 ⱘ 䬛㕸DŽ
˅ ѻϮぎ䯈
⬠ ⱘѻϮ ҹ⫳ ⦃ Ў ˈҹ ␌ѻϮ Ў䞡⚍ˈ Ā Ḍǃ ǃϔ㑻āⱘѻϮ 㒧 DŽ
˄ ˅ Ḍ
Ё üü∌ ␌Ḍ˖䲚㾖 ǃӥ䯆ǃ ǃӮ ㄝ 㛑Ўϔԧⱘ ␌Ϯҡ ⬠㄀ϝѻϮ Ў䞡㽕ⱘ㒘 䚼 ˗䰸ℸП ˈҹ䞥㵡ǃ 䰽ǃ⠽⌕ㄝЎЏԧⱘ⦄ҷ Ϯг ㄀ϝѻϮЁ 䞡㽕ⱘ㾦㡆DŽ⦄ҷ Ϯ䲚Ё Ё DŽ
℺䱉⑤üü℺䱉⑤䘫ѻ ␌Ḍ˖℺䱉⑤ ⱘ佪㽕 ϹḐ Ϫ⬠䘫ѻ䌘⑤ˈ ␌ѻϮҹ㾖 ǃ␌㾜ЎЏˈ 䗖 ⾥ 㗗 ㄝϧ乍 ␌ˈ ӥ䯆ㄝ ѻϮ 䗤ℹ Ё 䕀⿏DŽ
˄ ˅ϸ
㽓䚼 ␌ѻϮ ˖Ё 㽓䚼ˈЏ㽕ԡѢ∌ ḥỡ 䕪 ˈЏ㽕⊓㣙 ⊇ 㽓 Ԍˈ䖲 㣙 ⊇ ⏽ ⱘ ⢊ ˈҹ㞾✊ӥ䯆ǃ⫳ 㑶㡆 ␌ЎЏDŽ
ϰ䚼 ␌ѻϮ ˖Ё ϰ䚼ˈЏ㽕ԡѢ∌ 䕪 ˈ⊓䪕䏃㒓 ϰ ԌDŽҹ䘧 Ā ℺ āѨ䳋 ЎЏ㽕 ⠽ˈҹҎ 㾖 Ϣӥ䯆㉏ ␌ЎЏDŽ
˄ ˅ϔ㑻üü ѻϮ 㑻˖ 㾘 ⬠ 㑻 Ϯ ˈ Ⳃ Ϯ х ⱘ⢊ DŽ
⬠ ␌䌘⑤
⬠Ể
⬠ Ể ԡѢ␪ ⳕ㽓 䚼 ⬠ ˈ Ё ㄀ϔϾ Ể ˈ䴶⿃㑺 䞠ˈ ℺䱉⑤亢 㚰 ⱘϔϾ㒘 䚼 DŽ ⡍ⱘ⷇㣅ⷖ 㹿㘨 ljϪ⬠㞾✊䘫ѻ NJˈ 㹿 Ϫ⬠ 䋼 DŽ 㞾✊亢 ҹ ⿄ ǃҹ䈋 ǃҹ 㾕⾔DŽ 䯈 ˈ䖭ѯ⷇ Ҏ ǃ ⠽ˈ 䈵䘐ⳳˈ⇨ 㾖DŽ 䯈 䈋ˈ⑾⌕╎╎ˈ⌧㤿㬑 DŽ Āϝ ˈ ⱒ⾔∈āП㕢⿄DŽ ϡҙ㞾✊亢 㕢㒱Ӻˈ㗠ϨỂ ỡ⠽ 䞢⫳ ⠽䌘⑤ ЎЄ ˈỂ 㽚Ⲫ⥛䖒 ˈ ϔ ⱘ⫳⠽ ✊⇻ ˈ㹿⿄ЎĀ㞾✊ ⠽佚 ✊ỡ⠽ āDŽ㤝 ⾑ Ϣ ∈ˈ ⫳ 㤷ˈ 㕢ⱘ㞾✊⫳ ㋏㒳DŽ
⬠ Ể ␌
ѢЁѮ⛁ ⇨ ˈ催 䈋ˈ㣖 ⱘỂ ˈՓ њ⣀⡍ⱘỂ ⇨ üü ˈ ⇨⏽ ćˈ 催⇨⏽ ćˈ Ԣ⇨⏽ ćˈ ぎ⇨⏙ ˈ 䋳⇻⾏ 催ˈ䑿Ј ЁˈҎԧ 㾝⡍ 㟦䗖ˈ ӥ䯆䙓 ⱘ⧚ П DŽ
Ѡ ˈ 㒜 Ā ㄀ϔˈ ⧚ ˈ∌㓁 ⫼āⱘ 䩜ˈ Ϣ 䆒ˈ⦄ 咘⷇ ǃ䞥䶁⑾ 䈋ǃ吲 ǃ㹕 ⬠ǃ ⬠Ѩ ˈ ␌㾜㒓ˈ Ͼ㾖 ⚍ DŽ
ҹ ˈ Ể ␌㫀 ˈ ␌Ҏ 䍙䖛 ϛҎ⃵˗ⶹ ǃ㕢䁝 ϡ 催ˈ 咘⷇ 䚼㹿䆘Ў 䖯 䚼ˈ ㅵ⧚ 㹿 ќ ĀѨϔā ⢊ˈ 䞥䶁⑾ ⋕䯳㹿䆘Ў Āϝ ā㑶 ԡDŽ ǃ Џ㽕乚 䚼 佪ǃ Ҏ 㾚 ǃ㾖 DŽ ∳⋑⇥ 㾚 њ 乬䆡Ā ⬠ 䆒 Ў ⶹ ⱘ ␌㚰 āDŽ ⬠ Ể ⼲ ⾔Бǃ儙 かˈℷ ⴔĀ ㄀ϔ āǃĀϪ⬠ϔ⌕ ā䖜䖯DŽ
䞥䶁⑾
䞥䶁⑾ ⬠ Ể Ḍ ⚍ˈ 䭓 䞠ˈϔ㠀␌㾜 䯈 Ͼ Ͼ ˈ 䗨㒣 ⬠ 㒱 Пϔüü⼲呄 䶁ⱘ䞥䶁 㗠 DŽ䞥䶁⑾⊓㒓 ℺䱉⑤亢 㕢ⱘ ⬠ˈҢ ⬠Ể 䮼 䖯 ˈ ℹ㸠 ㉇ 䞥䶁⑾ⱘ DŽこ㸠 䈋䯈ˈ⑾∈ ˈ䎠 ˈ 剐␌ ЁDŽ⑾⬨㢅㤝剰㕢ˈ右号㦎 ˈҎ⊓⏙⑾㸠ˈ㚰Ԑ⬏Ё␌DŽ㹿䁝ЎĀϪ⬠Ϟ 㕢Бⱘ 䈋ПϔāDŽ
䞥䶁⑾ ⬠ Ể ⱘ Пϔˈ ⑤Ѣ ⬠ⱘ ˈ⬅ ˈ㴓㳦 ˈ䱣 䕀⿏ˈ䖖 こ㸠 䈋П䯈ˈ ∈㒩 䮼Ϣ啭 ⑾ǃ吇吃⑾ǃⷓ⋲⑾∛㘮DŽĀ ϝ ǃ⾔∈ ⱒā 䞥䶁⑾ ⬠ⱘ ∈ њ⎟ⓧ 㟈ˈ ⴔĀ 䭓 ϡ ⌕ˈϛ 䖲䲼∈⹻䴦ā䖭ḋⱘ㕢䁝˗㨫 ≜Ң ⫳䌲䁝 Ā ⬠ⱘ āˈ ⬠ⱘ Ӵ㗙üü㨫 ⬏ Ё ⫳ ℸ 䌲 Āϔ⠛ス䆱㠀ⱘϪ⬠āDŽ
䞥䶁⑾␌㾜㒓䏃
䞥䶁⑾Џ㽕ⱘ␌㾜 ⚍ ˖䯎䮼 ǃ㾖䷇䗕 ǃ⣾ 㚠 ǃ䝝㔫∝ǃ⼲呄 䶁ǃ䞥䶁 ǃ㢅 ǃ∈ ⋲ǃ ↡ǃ㳵⚯ ǃ䭓 ⊝ǃ ǃ㋿㤝╁ǃ 䞠ⳌӮǃἴ ǃ做偐 ǃ∈㒩 䮼DŽ
⬠ 㓐 Ѹ䗮㾘
㓐 Ѹ䗮㾘
Ѹ䗮 ㄪ⬹
˅ҹ 䆒 䰙㊒ ␌ Ў Ⳃ ˈ 㥋㢅 䰙ぎ␃ ⱘ ˗ ˅ 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮 䆒ˈ㒇 ␪ ԧ䪕䏃㔥㒰˗
˅ 䗮 㘨㋏ⱘЏ㽕䗮䘧ˈ Ѹ䗮㔥㒰˗
˅ ␌∈䖤 DŽ
㓐 Ѹ䗮㾘
˅ 䏃
ㄥҹ催䗳 䏃ǃ催ㄝ㑻ⳕ䘧ЎЏ偼 ⱘ ⬠ 䏃Ѹ䗮㔥㒰DŽ
˄ ˅ 䏃㔥㒰 䆒ˈ Ѹ䗮Āϸ῾ǃѨ 㒉ā
Āϸ῾ā˖ķϝ ≙ 催ḹ䬛 啭╁⊇ 䳊⑾䬛 催䗳 䏃ˈϝ㑻 䏃 ˗ĸ㾘 䆒 ⬠Ϣ ⏱ 㘨㋏ⱘ ˄ ⬠˅ü㢅˄ ˅催䗳 䏃ˈ ⬠Ϣ ǃ 佪ㄝ␬㽓 䬛ⱘ 䗳㘨㋏䗮䘧 䆒DŽ
ĀѨ 㒉ā˖ķ㋶⑾ ⑾ 咘啭⋲ 䍉 ⋲⑾ˈϝ㑻 䏃˗ĸ 佭␃ ϝ 佚
⽣ ˈϝ㑻 䏃˗Ĺ ḹ 䗮⋹䫎 ⊇ˈѠ㑻 䏃˗ĺḥỡ ∈ 䬛 㢺ネ 䬛 Ѩ䘧∈䬛ˈѠ㑻 䏃˗Ļ⨲ 䫎䬛 㡭㪝ḹ 䭓╁ ˈϝ㑻 䏃DŽ ˄ ˅ ⦄ Џ㽕 䏃ㄝ㑻
ķ 6 䏃Ўϔ㑻 䏃˗ĸ 䗴 6 䏃 ㄝ㑻ˈ Ё∌ 㟇ḥỡ↉ Ўϔ㑻 䏃ˈ∌ 㟇≙䱉↉ ЎѠ㑻 䏃˗Ĺ 6 䏃ЎѠ㑻 䏃˗ĺ 6 䏃ЎѠ㑻 䏃DŽ
˅䔼䘧Ѹ䗮
˄ ˅ 㽓⑾ ☿䔺キ Ў䋻䖤キˈ 䖤キ䖕㟇 咢 ˗
˄ ˅乘⬭ 咨䪕䏃⊓㒓⫼ ˈ㒓䏃⫼ ҹ㓓 ˈ 䇗Ϣ⛺ 䋻䖤キ㒳ϔ䇗䜡 㕂˗
˄ ˅⊓ ⏙㒓乘⬭℺˄䱉⑤˅ ∌˄ ˅䕏䔼㒓⫼ ˈ㒓䏃⫼ ҹ㓓 DŽ ˅
㾘 䖰 㾘 ⫼ 之ˈ 䎥䘧䭓 㟇 ㉇ˈ կ(㉏亲 䍋䰡ˈ ѝ 䆒 Ў 䰙 䆒 ǃϢ 䰙 ␌ Ⳍ 䜡ⱘ催 DŽ
⬠ 㓐 Ѹ䗮㾘
䘧䏃Ѹ䗮㾘
䘧䏃Ѹ䗮 ㄪ⬹˖ ⹂䘧䏃㘠㛑ˈ 䗳䏃㔥 ␌䗮䘧 䆒ˈ 䏃㔥˗ 㸠 ѸӬ ˗ 䔺䆒 䆒ˈ ㉏䘧䏃Ѹ䗮䆒 㸨 ˈ 䗳 ⱘϔԧ Ѹ䗮㔥㒰DŽ
㾘 䘧䏃 Ў 㑻˖ 䗳䏃ǃЏ 䘧ǃ⃵ 䘧˄ ␌ 㾖䏃˅ǃ 䏃DŽ
䏃㔥㒧 ҹ 䗳䏃 㒧 Џ 䏃Ў偼 ㋏㒳ˈ㒘 П䯈ҹ 䗳䏃 Џ 䏃Ⳍ㸨 ˈ ⃵ 䏃ǃ ␌ 㾖䏃ǃ 䏃㒧 ∈ 䉠Ḑ ⱘ 䘧䏃㔥ԧ㋏DŽ Ёˈ 䘧䏃偼 ㋏㒳 䗮䖛 Ѹ䗮ǃ㾷 Ё Ѹ䗮㘨㋏ǃ㾷 Ё 㒘 П䯈ⱘ㘨㋏DŽ⹂ 䗳䏃 ⱘ ⦃ǃ ⱘ ⦃ 䖲 ⱘ ⏙ 䏃˗㒧 Џ 䘧 䘧ǃ 䏃ǃ䖢 䏃ǃ∌ 䘧ǃ 佭 ϰ䏃ǃ 佭 㽓䏃ㄝ DŽ
Џ 䏃Џ㽕 ˖ 䏃ǃ ḹ䏃ǃ☿䔺キϰ㸫ǃϨЁ䏃ǃ 䏃ǃѼ䗮䏃ǃ 䏃ǃ∌ 䏃ǃ䰜 ⑾䏃 㽓⑾ 䏃ㄝ˗⃵ 䏃Џ㽕 啭䏃ǃ 䮼䏃ǃ㾷 䏃ㄝˈ ␌ 㾖 Џ㽕 ╻∈⊓ 䆒㕂DŽ
㾘 Ⓖ∈ ␌ⷕ ˈ⊓Ⓖ∈ 㒓⬅㽓㟇ϰ Ў˖ԧ㚆 ü㾖䷇ ü ⑾ü㥋㢅üϨԣ Ё ü 啭ⒽϞü 啭Ⓗϟü ḹü Ҏ üϰ䮼⑾ü㽓䮼⑾ü㗕 ü üԧ㚆Ё DŽ
⬠Ё 䘧䏃㔥㾘
⬠Ể Ѹ䗮㋏㒳
⬠ Ể 䰸 假 ˈ 㾖 Ѹ䗮㋏㒳Џ㽕咘⷇ ㋶䘧ǃ ㋶䘧ǃⱒ啭 ẃ 䞠⬏ ☿䔺DŽ
˅咘⷇ ㋶䘧
咘⷇ ㋶䘧
咘⷇ ㋶䘧Ѣ 䖤㸠ˈ Ё ㄀ϔ ㋶䘧DŽ㋶䘧 䭓 ㉇ˈϞϟ催 ㉇ˈ䖤㸠䗳 䖒 ㉇ ⾦ˈ 䖤䞣 Ҏ ˈ ⿟⼼Ӌ ˈ 䖨 DŽ㋶䘧㧹䖤 ⱘ咘⷇ 亢 ␌㒓 ⬠亢 ⱘḌ ˈг ⬠ ␌ ҟⱘ咘䞥㊒ ␌㒓䏃ПϔDŽ㋴ ĀϡϞ咘⷇ ˈ ⬠āП䁝DŽ咘⷇ ⍋ ㉇ˈ ⷇ ˈ ゟˈ ˈѥ䳒㔁㒩ˈ ⱘ ぎ㾖 DŽℹ㸠Ϟ咘⷇ 乊ⱘ 䰊 Ͼˈ 㸠⿟ 䞠ˈℹ㸠 䯈㑺 Ͼ DŽ㗠Ь ㋶䘧 㡖ⳕԧ 䯈ˈ ⊓㒓⃷䌣 䍄䏃 ⊩ⳟ ⱘϛ ˈ䌶 ⱘ 䯈䕏 㟦䗖␌㾜咘⷇ DŽ
˅ ㋶䘧
㋶䘧Ѣ ˈ ℷ 㧹䖤DŽ ㋶䘧 㒓 ⦃ 㜅 ㋶ 䖤㋶䘧ˈ 䚼䆒 㞾 'RSSHOPD\U 䖯 DŽ䆒䅵∈ 㒓 Pˈ 㒓䭓 Pˈϸッキ催 PDŽ䜡 㒓㞾 ⦃䔺 Ͼˈ↣䔺 䕑 Ҏˈ䖤䗳 PˋVˈ↣ 䖤䞣 ҎDŽ㋶䘧 ⬉ˈ䞛⫼ ⬉⑤˗䜡 ⫼ ⊍ ˈ⫼Ѣ ⬉ ⫳䆒 џ ㋻ ⭣ ␌ DŽ
㋶䘧
㋶䘧ⱘ 䗮ˈ њ℺䱉⑤亢 ⱘ ␌Ѹ䗮⦃ ˈՓ␌Ҏ㢅 Ϟ ⳟϔⴐⱘ䘫 ˈ њ䯈ℛ亲⏵Ϟ 㾜 䖭Ā ⱘⲚ ˈ㓽 ⱘҭ āⱘ䗋Ҏ 㡆Пѿ DŽЬ ㋶䘧ˈ 㟦䗖 ˈ⊓㒓亢 㒱ˈ ⷇ˈ㦑㦑㖴 ˈ ⊝∈ˈ ⣩⤈ˈ ⴐ ˈҸҎ Ў㾖ℶDŽ ѥ䳒㔁㒩П ˈ␌ Ь ㋶䘧 㛑ԧ偠 ⼲ҭ京䘌亲㸠ⱘ Ϣ ▔DŽ ˅ⱒ啭 ẃ
ⱒ啭 ẃ
ⱒ啭 ẃ ԡѢϪ⬠㞾✊䘫ѻ ⬠℺䱉⑤亢 㚰 ˈ啭 ẃѢ ˈ シ 䆩㧹䖤ˈ ⿟ ˈ ⿟ DŽ⬉ẃЏ㽕䆒 ⬅
5DQJJHU Ḑ 䰙⬉ẃ ⷨお⫳ѻˈ㗫䌘 ғ DŽⱒ啭 ẃ⇨ ˈ Ⳉ催 ㉇ˈ䖤㸠催 ㉇ˈ⬅ ㉇ⱘ ԧ オѩ O ㉇ⱘ䌈 䩶㒧 ѩ 㒘 ˈ䞛⫼ϝ 䴆㾖 ԧ䖤㸠ˈ↣ ⃵䕑 Ҏ⃵ˈ䖤㸠䗳 ㉇ ⾦ˈϔ⃵ ⿟ҙ䳔 ⾦ˈϝ 䖤㸠↣ 䖨䞣䖒 Ҏ⃵DŽⳂ ҹĀϪ⬠Ϟ 催ⱘ 䴆 㾖 ⬉ẃǃϪ⬠Ϟ 催ⱘ 㾖 ⬉ẃǃϪ⬠Ϟ䕑䞡䞣 ǃ䗳 ⱘ㾖 ⬉ẃāϝ乍Ḗ ⣀ℹϪ⬠㗠㹿䕑 Ϫ⬠㑾 ˈ 㞾✊㕢 Ҏ䗴 㾖ⱘ 㕢㒧 DŽ
ⱒ啭 ẃⱘ ˈ ˈ㹕 ⬠ˈ䞥䶁⑾ㄝ㊒ ␌㒓䖲Ўϔԧˈ㾷 њ ⱘѸ䗮⫊乜䯂乬ˈ 䆌 Ҏ䗍㔩㾕ⱘ ϛӫ⵽Ⳃⱘ ␌㚰 ˈ䅽 ⬠Ā 㢅 āП⿄ⱘ⼲ 㕢 ⬅ 䍄㟇 ˈ 䏉䆕 䆒ⱒ啭 ẃ 䴲 䞡㽕ⱘDŽ
˅ 䞠⬏ ☿䔺
䞠⬏ ԡѢ㋶⑾ ˈ 䆹 ⱘ ␌㊒ ˈ 䞠⬏ 䭓㑺Ѩ 䞠ˈϸ䖍 㩅㣣ˈ䞢㢅京佭˗ ⷇ˈ ⱒ ˈ ϔ ⱘ ∈⬏ ˈ Ҳ㒱 ПϞˈՓ⾔㕢㒱Ӻⱘ㞾✊ 㾖㾖⒊䖯ҭ ⬏ ⱘ∈ Ѝ䴦ПЁDŽ䖯 䞠⬏ ⊓䗨 䕀䯕ὐǃ 䖢 ǃ䞛㥃㗕Ҏǃϸ䴶䩳ㄝ ϾЏ ⚍DŽ
䞠⬏ ☿䔺䞛⫼ 䔺 կⱘ 䔼⬉ ␌㾜䔺ˈ ҹ䅽␌ ⱘ㾖䌣 ⬠ 䞠⬏ ⱘ㕢Б亢 ˈг 䞠⬏ ⱘϔ ⡍㡆DŽ 䞠⬏ 㾖 ☿䔺⼼Ӌ˖ ⿟ Ҏˈ ⿟ ҎDŽӬ 䮼⼼ӋḐ ǃ ⿟↣Ҏ⃵Ў DŽ
䞠⬏ ☿䔺
ϧ乬 ⱘ㚠
䱣ⴔ ⬠ 䰙 ␌Ⳃⱘ ⱘ㾘 Ⳃ 䗤⏤ ⦄ˈ ⬠Ể ⃵ⱘⱘϡ ˈ ⬠ⱘ␌ 䖙⣯ 䭓DŽ䞥䶁⑾ ⬠Ể ⱘ㊒ ␌㒓䏃ˈԚⳂ ␌㾜ҙ ҹ䗮䖛⊓⑾㗠䆒ⱘϔ Ҏ㸠䘧ℹ㸠ˈ␌㾜 䯈㑺Ў Ͼ ˈϨ 䚼䏃↉䕗じˈ 㛑䰤 㒇㛑 ⱘ DŽ ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ҹ⬉ 偅 ǃ⦄ҷǃ ǃ⦃ ǃԢ⺇ㄝӬ ˈ㛑㾷 ЁԢ䖤䞣ⱘ 䖤䕧䯂乬ˈ ҹ ⦄ҷⱘĀ⇨ āϢ亢 ⱘ㒧 䍋 ˈ ϔϾ ⱘ ⠛ˈ⡍ 䗖 Ѣ ␌ ∖ˈ䩜 ⬠Ể 䞥䶁⑾␌㾜㒓䏃 䆒 ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚 䔼⬉䔺 ⿟ ℹⱘ ˈЎϮЏ 乍Ⳃ Ӯⷨお կ 㗗DŽ
㄀Ѡゴ ⿟ὖ 㾘῵
⿟ὖ
⬠ ⬉䔺 ⿟ԡѢ ⬠Ể ˈ⊓ ㊒ ␌㒓䏃üü䞥䶁⑾㗠䆒ˈ㒓䏃 䭓 NPˈ䞛⫼ 䴶 䚼 ぎⱘ 䆒 ˈ䆒 䔺キˈ Ўջ キˈキ 䭓 Pˈ Pˈ キ䯈䎱 NPDŽ
㾘῵
㋏㒳 䆒 ϔ乍㾘῵ ⱘ㋏㒳 ⿟ˈ 䌘 ˈ 䆒 䭓ˈ㾘 䆒䅵ǃ 䆒ǃկ 䇗䆩ㄝ 䰊↉ⱘӏ 䛑䴲 㡄 DŽ ℸˈ ⬠ ⬉䔺㒓䏃 乏 䞣 㗠㸠ǃ〇ℹ ⱘ 䩜ˈ ⧚ 䆒㾘῵ 䗳 ˈ⹂ Ϣ 㒣⌢ ∈ Ⳍ䗖 ˈ䰆ℶⳆⳂ 䖛 䍙 DŽ
ϔ㠀 䇈ˈҎ ǃ㒣⌢ ⌕ ㋏㒳 䆒ⱘ Џ㽕ⱘϝϾ ㋴DŽҎ 㾘῵ њ Ѹ䗮ⱘ 㸠 䞣˗㒣⌢㾘῵ њ ⱘ 䆒 䌘㛑 ҹ ⇥Ѹ䗮 㸠ⱘ㒣⌢䋳 ∈ ˗ ⌕㾘῵ њ ⌕䍄 ⱘ ⢊ DŽ
Ҏ
¾㾘 Ҏ
㄀ ⃵ Ҏ ⼎ˈ ⬠ ԣҎ Ў Ҏˈ ㄀Ѩ⃵ Ҏ Ⳍ↨ˈ Ҏˈ ˈ ⥛Ў DŽ ԣҎ 㾕ϟ㸼DŽ
⬠ ԣҎ 㸼 㸼
ḍ lj ⬠ ԧ㾘 NJˈ ⬠ Ҏ Ў ϛҎˈ Ҏ ϛҎDŽ
⬠ 䬛ㄝ㑻㾘῵㒧
㒣⌢
ˈ ⦄ ⫳ѻ ˄*'3˅ ғ ˈ↨Ϟ 䭓 DŽ Ёˈ㄀ϔѻϮ Ў ғ ˈ 䭓 ˗㄀ѠѻϮ Ў ғ ˈ 䭓 ˗㄀ϝѻϮ Ў ғ ˈ 䭓 DŽ
ḍ lj ⬠ ԧ㾘 ˄ ˅NJˈ ⬠ ⱘ Ⳃ ˖ 㾘 ˈ ⬠ 䆒 Ў ␌ѻϮ催 ǃ ␌䆒 ǃ⦃ Ӭ㕢ǃ⫳ 㡃 ǃ⼒Ӯ 䇤ⱘ 䰙亢 ␌ DŽ
㒣⌢ Ў˖㟇 ˈ ⬠ ⫳ѻ 䖒 ғ ˈ ␌ さ⸈ ғ ˈ ␌ 䍙䖛 ғ DŽ
⌕
ḍ Ⳃ 䰙䖤㧹ⱘ ⬠␌ ⌕ ˈ ⬠Ѩ Ḍ ⌕䞣 ϛҎ⃵DŽ
⬠Ḍ ⌕㸼 ԡ˄Ҏ˅ 㸼 ӑ ⌕䞣
䖤䞣
㒓 ⌕ⱘԄㅫ䳔⒵䎇 催 ӑⱘ ⌕䳔∖ˈ 催 ӑ ⌕Ў ǃ ӑˈ䖒 ϛҎ⃵DŽ 㒓 ⌕ ㅫ ϟ˖
˅ḍ 催 ⌕䞣ˈ ⌕Ў ϛҎ⃵ ˗
˅㗗㰥䞥䶁⑾ ⱘ ⧚ԡ㕂ˈ 䆒 㒓䏃 Ӯ ϔ ⱘ ⌕ ˈ 䚼␌ ⱘ 䖯 㾖䞥䶁⑾㒓䏃ˈЎ Ҏ⃵ ˗
˅㋏㒳䆒䅵䳔 ⌕ⱘ ⸔Ϟ⒵䎇 催 ⌕ⱘ䳔∖ˈ ℸ 䆂 㒓䏃 催 ㋏ ˈ Ҏ⃵ ˗
˅㗗㰥 㒓⡍⚍ˈ 䆂催 ⌕㋏ ˈ 㒓催 ⌕Ў Ҏ⃵ DŽ
⌕䞣˄Ҏ⃵˅
催 ㋏
䞥䶁⑾ ⌕䞣˄Ҏ⃵ ˅
㒓䖯 催 ⌕䞣˄Ҏ⃵ K˅
催 䴶˄Ҏ⃵ K˅
ḍ 㾘 ˈ ⬠ 㾘 ⌕Ⳃ 㑺Ў ϛҎ⃵ DŽ ✻⦄⢊ ϛҎ⃵ ⱘ ⌕䞣㑻 㒓 ㅫ ⌕ˈ乘䅵㾘 㒓催 ⌕䞣㑺Ў Ҏ⃵ DŽ
㄀ϝゴ ㋏㒳ҟ㒡
lj 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮 㾘㣗NJ˄*% ü ˅ 䇁Ё 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮 НЎ˖䞛⫼ϧ⫼䔼䘧 䖤㸠ⱘ 䖤Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ˈ 䪕㋏㒳ǃ䕏䔼㋏㒳ǃ 䔼㋏㒳ǃ 䔼⬉䔺ǃ⺕⍂㋏㒳ǃ㞾 䔼䘧㋏㒳ǃ 䗳䔼䘧㋏㒳 ㉏DŽ 䆒䚼 㘨 乕 lj 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮 ⿟乍Ⳃ 䆒 NJ˄ ˉ ˅ˈ ⹂ 䆒 䗖⫼Ѣ 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮ⱘ催䖤䞣ǃ 䖤䞣ǃЁ䖤䞣ǃ䩶䕂䩶䔼㋏㒳ⱘ ⿟乍ⳂDŽ 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ǃ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ǃ䎼 䔼ㄝ䕂䔼㋏㒳ˈ 㒓ⱘ ǃ ⿟ ✻ 㸠DŽ
催䖤䞣ⱘ 䗳Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ˈϔ㠀催 䖤䕧㛑 Ў ̚ ϛҎ˗ 䖤䞣ⱘ 䗳䔼䘧Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ˈ 催 䖤䕧㛑 Ў ̚ ϛҎ˗㗠Ё䖤䞣ⱘ 䗳䔼䘧Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ˈ 䖤㛑Ў ̚ ϛҎ KDŽ
㒓乘䅵 催 䖤䞣㑺 Ҏ⃵ˈ ѢԢ䖤䞣㋏㒳ˈҢ䖤㛑Ϟ ˈ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ǃ 䔼㋏㒳ǃ䕏䔼㋏㒳ǃ㞾 䕧䗕㋏㒳˄$30˅ˈ䗮䖛ϡ ⱘ㓪㒘 㸠䔺 㒘 ˈ䛑 ҹ䗖⫼Ё 䖤䞣㋏㒳ˈ ԰Ў 㒓㋏㒳䗝 ⱘ㗗㰥 ḜDŽ ˈ ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚 ḋ䗖⫼Ѣ ⬠ ␌㾜㒓䏃ˈг ԰Ў 㒓㋏㒳䗝 ⱘ ḜDŽ Ԛ 䔼㋏㒳ǃ㞾 䕧䗕㋏㒳˄$30˅ 䖥 њ 䖯 ⿟ ⫼ˈⳌ ㋏㒳 ѻ ⥛Ԣǃ 䌘 ǃ䖤㧹㛑㗫催ǃ䖤㧹㒣偠⿃㌃ϡ䎇ㄝDŽ
⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚 ⫼ ՟
⬠ 䞠⬏ Ң Փ⫼Ё 䔺㄀ϔℒ⬉ ␌㾜䔺ˈ㟇Ҟ Ϟ㒓 䔺ˈ䔺 㒣䖛 䖯ˈ㟇Ҟ 䞛⫼њ ⾡䔺 DŽ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚ҟ㒡 ϟ˖ ˅ 䔼⬉ ␌㾜䔺
䔺 䔺 䔺 㡃
䔺
˅催 䔼␌㾜䔺
Ā⃶Ф 㒓ā 䔼催 䔺ˈ 㛑Ӭ䍞ˈ䗴 ㅔ⋕ˈ䗴 ♉ ⑤Ѣ剼剐DŽⳂ 䖤㸠Ѣ⏅ ⃶Ф䈋DŽ
˅⬉∴ ☿䔺
䫵 ⠽ Փ⫼ⱘ⬉ ☿䔺ˈ䗴 ㅔ⋕ ˈ 㾖Ӭ㕢ˈ䴲 䗖 ѢЏ乬 ǃỂ ǃ ␌Ф ㄝ␌Ф DŽ
˅ӓ 㪌≑ ☿䔺
⬅ϔ䕚⡉ 䔺 ϝ䕚㾖 䔺㒘 ˈ䗖⫼Ѣ ⡍ 㒓䏃㾖 Փ⫼ˈг ⊯⫼Ѣ␌Ф ǃ ㄝ DŽ䔺䕚 䆒㕂 乊Ắ 㗙 䯁 ぎ䇗 ˈ 䔺䆒 ㋏㒳DŽ
⏅ ⃶Ф䈋ӓ ☿䔺
⏅ ϰ䚼 ռ ӓ ☿䔺
˅ӓ 㾖 ⬉䔺
䖤㸠ѢϞ⍋⃶Ф䈋ⱘ 䔼⬉ ␌㾜䔺ˈ䆒 ϸϾ偒偊 ˈ 䆒 DŽ ⊯䖤⫼Ѣ ␌Ф ǃЏ乬 Ϣ Ϯ ⱘѸ䗮䖤䕧DŽ
˅䍙㑻⬉ 䔺
䔼㋏㒳
䔼㋏㒳 0RQRUDLO 䗮䖛 ϔ䔼䘧ṕ 䔺 կ ԰⫼㗠䖤㸠ⱘ䔼䘧Ѹ䗮㋏㒳DŽ ϔ䔼㋏㒳 ϟ䞛⫼催 ˈ 㾖 䕗 DŽḍ 䳔㽕ˈ ϔ
䔼 䔺г 䴶 ϟ䖤㸠DŽ
䔼㋏㒳ⱘ⡍⚍
䔼Ѹ䗮ϔ㠀Փ⫼䘧䏃Ϟ䚼ぎ䯈ˈ ⫼䘧䏃Ё䯈㓓 䆒催 ḹˈ 㗠 ⫼䕗 DŽ 䔼㋏㒳䞛⫼‵㛊䕂㚢ˈ ҹ䗖 ˈ 䕗 ⱘ䗖 ˈҢ㗠 䖕䞣DŽ ˈ 䔼㋏㒳 䆒 䕗ⷁˈ 䌘гҙЎ 䪕㋏㒳ⱘ ̚ DŽ 䔼Ѹ䗮ⱘ⡍⚍ ṕ䔼 ϔˈ 䔺䕚 ϔḍ䔼䘧ṕϞ䖤㸠DŽḍ 䔺䕚䍄㸠 ˈ 䔼Ѹ䗮 Ўϸ㉏˖ϔ 䎼 ˈ䔺䕚䎼 䔼ṕϞ˗Ѡ ˈ䔺䕚㹿 䔼䘧ṕПϟDŽ
䔼㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼
䔼Ѹ䗮 ҹ԰Ў䖲 П䯈ⱘЏ Ѹ䗮 ˈ 䗮 ǃⷕ ǃ䪕䏃 㒓ㄝ Ѹ䗮 㒑Ё ⱘ 䖤Ѹ䗮 㒓ˈ Ё Ϣ䚞 ԣ П䯈ⱘѸ䗮䖲 㒓ˈ Ёⱘ⦃ 㒓ˈ 亢 㾖 ⌣㾜㒓ⱘѸ䗮 㒓ㄝDŽ
䔼㋏㒳ⱘ ⿟ ՟
䔼䔺䕚 䞡 䔼䔺䕚
䔼㋏㒳
䕏䔼㋏㒳
䕏䔼Ѹ䗮 Ā䕏 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮ā /LJKW 5DLO 7UDQVLW /57 ⱘㅔ⿄ˈ Ⳍ Ѣ䞡䔼Ѹ䗮㗠㿔ⱘˈ Ѣ 䪕 䪕䏃 䔺ⱘ 䗳 䔼⬉ Ѹ䗮㋏㒳DŽ 䕏䔼Ѹ䗮 Ӵ㒳ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺ⱘ⦄ҷ ˈ ⬅ Ѹ䗮 䰙㘨Ӯ 8,73 Ϟ ˈϔ㠀⫼ѢЁㄝ Ѹ䗮⢊ 䕗 ⱘ 催 䯈ⱘѸ䗮 㸠ˈ ⡍ ǃ ␌ ǃ㒣⌢ ㄝϢ 㘨㋏ⱘѸ䗮 㒓ˈ 䞛⫼⬉⇨⡉ ˈ 㸹њ䔼䘧Ѹ䗮 䖤㛑 ̚ ϛҎⱘぎ㔎ˈ ԧϞ њ䔼䘧Ѹ䗮㋏㒳DŽ䕏䔼Ѹ䗮㋏㒳 ҹϢ Ѹ䗮 ѿ䘧䏃ˈг ҹ ϧ⫼䘧䏃Ϟ㸠偊˗ ҹ䞛⫼催キ Ϟϟ ˈг ҹ䞛⫼Ԣキ ˈ⫮㟇 キ ⱘ DŽ䕏䔼Ѹ䗮ⱘ㒓䏃䆒 ǃ䔺䕚䆒 ㋏㒳䛑≵ ῵ ˈ 䆒䅵 гϡ㽕∖㒳ϔ ˈ 㗠 ⾡ ḋˈ↣㉇䔺 䭓 ⱘ䞡䞣 ̚ П䯈DŽ
䕏䔼㋏㒳 ⡍ 㸼
䔺䕚⡍ 䭓 P P 催 P 䔺䕚 Ҏ
催䗳
NPˋK
䗳
NPˋK ̚ ̚ ̚ ˄䔺䭓 P˅ ̚ ̚
㒓䏃⡍ 䕀 P 䴶 ⌕䞣 Ҏ K 䔼䎱 P ̚ ˁ̚ ˁ ̚
䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ⡍⚍
˅キ䯈䎱䕗ⷁˈ ⇥ 㸠ⱘ 䕗
䕏䔼㋏㒳 ⦃ 䕗 ˈ ⫼⦄ 㸫䘧 䆒ˈ 䘧䏃 䆌ⱘ ϟϡ䳔䖯 ϟˈЬ䔺 DŽ䕏䔼㋏㒳キ䯈䎱䕗ⷁˈ ⇥ 㸠ⱘ 䕗 DŽ
ϝ⾡Ѹ䗮㋏㒳 キ䯈䎱㸼 㸼 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮 ≑䔺 䕏䔼 䪕
キ䯈䎱 NP ̚ ̚ ̚
˅䖤䞣䗖
Ң 䖤㧹㒣偠ⳟˈ䕏䔼㋏㒳䖤䞣ҟѢ ≑䔺 䪕П䯈ˈ 㒣⌢䖤䞣Ў ϛ̚ ϛҎ⃵ˈ 䖭Ͼ㣗 ˈ ≑䔺 䖥 䰤䖤䞣DŽ㗠 䪕䖤䞣 ϡ䎇ˈ ℸ ϔѯ Џ 䘧Ϟˈ䕏䔼㋏㒳 ϔ⾡ 䗖ⱘ䖤䕧㋏㒳DŽ
˅ 䌘䕗ⳕ
䕏䔼㋏㒳↣ 䞠䗴ӋЎ 䪕ⱘ ̚ DŽ㗠Ϩ ⿟㒧 䕗Ўㅔ ˈ 䆒 䕗ⷁˈ Ѣ 䌘 DŽ
䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼
Ϣ䘧䏃Ѹ䗮Ⳍ↨ˈ䕏䔼㋏㒳 䖤䞣 ǃ Ԣǃ∵ 䕏ⱘ⡍ ˈ䕗Ў䗖 Ё 䛑 Ў ӫ䖤䕧 П⫼DŽ
˅԰Ў Ѹ䗮 㒓ˈ䕏䔼㋏㒳 ⫼ҹ㾷 Ѹ䗮㔥 䲚 ⚍П䯈ˈ Ѹ䗮䲚 ǃ ϮЁ Ё ㄝⱘѸ䗮䕧䗕ˈҹ ϔ㠀 䴶 こ䍞䖭ѯ 䍋ⱘѸ䗮 䇃ˈ 䘧䏃Ѹ䗮ⱘ DŽ
˅԰Ў 䗮 㒓ˈ䕏䔼㋏㒳 䍋䖘⚍ 䆒 Ҏ 䲚ⱘ ⇥ Ϯǃ Ϯ Ь䲚Ё⚍ǃЏ㽕 ѢϞϟ⧁Ь DŽ䖭 Ѣ ⱘ䖍䖰 ԣ 䲚 䇈 Ў 䗖DŽ
˅԰Ў ␌㾖 㒓ˈ䕏䔼㋏㒳 䍋 䖤䕧␌ 㕢 ⦃ ˈ 㾖 ␌㾜 Ѹ䗮 ӊⱘ 䞡԰⫼DŽ
䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ ⫼ ՟
˅㽓⃻ 䕏䔼
Ⳃ ˈ㽓⃻ Ͼ Ͼ䕏䔼㋏㒳ˈ ⱘ䕏䔼㋏㒳䭓 䅵 䞠ˈ 䕏䔼㋏㒳↣ 䖤䗕 ҎDŽ⊩ 咢䅵 ⫼䕏䔼 Ё Ϣ ǃ 䰙 ǃ 䖲 ϔϾ 㔥㒰ˈ 䕏䔼䔺䕚 䖤⫼ˈ↣ 䕏䔼㒓 䖤䗕 䖒 ϛ̚ ϛҎ⃵DŽ
Ⳃ ⃻⌆ ⫼䕗 ⱘ 㒓䏃⣀ゟՓ⫼ˈԚ 䖯 Ҏ㕸 䲚ⱘ Ё Ў䏃䴶⏋ 䖤㸠ˈ г 䗮䖛䱻䘧 催 Փ 䖤㸠⣀ゟ ˈ䔺䕚㒧 䞛⫼ 䕈ϝ䕀 DŽϔ㠀 ϟ 䖤㸠ˈԚ 催 г ҹ䖲 䖤㸠DŽ
˅ 㕢䕏䔼㋏㒳
㕢䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘ ⫼ 㸼 ⼎DŽ
㕢䕏䔼㋏㒳 㸼
㒓䏃䭓 NP
䯁 䯁 䭓
ⱘ ˄㕢 ˈ偀䞠 ˅ ü
⊶ 乓˄㕢 ˈ偀 䇌 ˅ ⊩㔫˄㕢 ˈ㒑㑺 ˅ 䞠˄ ˈ䰓 䖒ⳕ˅
⋯ ⷊ˄㕢 ˈ ⽣ Ѯ ˅ ⊶⡍ ˄㕢 ˈ ˅ 㧼 䮼 ˄㕢 ˈ ⽣ Ѯ ˅ 䗁 ˄㕢 ˈ ⽣ Ѯ ˅ ü 䞥 ˄㕢 ˈ ⽣ Ѯ ˅ ԩ ˄㕢 ˈ ⽣ Ѯ ˅
䅵
㞾 䕧䗕㋏㒳˄APM ˅
㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳 㞾 䕧䗕㋏㒳˄$XWRPDWHG 3HRSOH 0RYHU˅ ㅔ⿄$30㋏㒳ˈ ϔ⾡ Ҏ偒偊ǃ 㞾 䖤㸠ⱘ䔼䘧Ѹ䗮DŽ㋏㒳 ҹ԰Ў Ёⱘϔ⾡催䋼䞣ⱘЁ 䞣 䖤Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ˈ 䖤䗕㛑 ̚ ҎDŽ 㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳ⱘ⡍⚍
˅㞾 䖤㸠 ҹЎЬ կ 䗳ˈ㟦䗖ⱘ DŽ 㞾 䖤㸠ⱘⳂⱘ 䞛⫼䕗 ⱘ䔺䕚ˈҹ䕗催ⱘ乥⥛ 䔺ˈ ⱘ㸠䔺䯈䱨 ҹ㓽ⷁ Vˈ⫮㟇 ˗⬅Ѣϡ䳔㽕䜡 ˈ Ԣ ⱘ г ҹ 䕗 ⱘ㸠䔺䯈䱨ˈϡ䅽Ь Й ˗ Ў 䯁ⱘѸ䗮㋏㒳ˈ ҹ 䗳ˈ 㟦䗖DŽ
˅㞾 䖤㸠 ҹ㡖ⳕҎ ˈ䰡Ԣ䖤㧹 DŽ
˅㞾 䖤㸠 ҹՓ㸠䔺䅵 ⱘ㓪 㸠䔺䇗 ⱘ♉⌏ DŽ
˅㞾 䖤㸠 ҹ կӬ䋼ⱘ DŽ ˅㞾 Ѹ䗮Փ⫼䕗 ⱘ䔺䕚 䕗ⷁⱘ 䔺ˈ Ⳍ ⸔ ㄥˈ 䔺キㄝˈг 䰡Ԣ䗴ӋDŽ
㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼
˅ ҹ԰Ў Ёⱘϔ⾡催䋼䞣ⱘЁ 䞣 䖤Ѹ䗮㋏㒳DŽ
㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳
˅ ҹ԰Ў ⱘこẁѸ䗮ˈ⫼ҹ䖲 ὐǃ⊞䔺 ǃѸ䗮 㒑 Ь⚍DŽ ˅ Ѣ ԣ ⱘԢ ˈḍ ⇥ⱘ 㸠㽕∖ˈ 㔥㒰ˈ䞛⫼ ⱘ䔺䕚ˈ ҹḍ Ь ⱘ乘㑺ˈ 䳔կ䔺DŽ
˅ ⫼Ѣ 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮ˈ⫼Ѣ䖲 Ҏ⌕䲚Ёⱘ ὐǃ Ф ㄝDŽ 㞾 䖤䕧㋏㒳ⱘ ⫼ ՟
˅ 䖤 ␪㒓
˅ ℺ ⧁䅽%XNLW 3DQMDQJ 㒓 ℺ ⧁䅽㒓 䭓 䞠ˈ 䆒 䔺キˈѢ 䗮䔺ˈ 䔺⬅ Ѹ䗮䖤䕧䆒 䗴 䖾 %RPEDUGLHU 䗴ˈ㗠 ㋏㒳 䞛⫼ⱘ㛊䕂㸠䍄῵ 䎳ῳ ⱘ ⿏ ㋏㒳 6N\WUDLQV ⳌԐDŽ
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳
䔼⬉䔺 䖤䞣↨ ≑䔺⬹ ˈϔ㠀 䴶㸠偊ˈ䏃 ҹϢ≑䔺 ⫼ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳DŽ Ё ˈ Ҁǃ ⋹ǃϞ⍋ǃ 䖲ǃ≜䰇ǃ Ⓖǃ䭓 ㄝ ˈⳈ ϞϪ㑾 ҷ ˈ 䔼⬉䔺䛑 䞡㽕 Ѹ䗮 DŽⳂ ˈ 䖲ҡ✊ ⬭ⴔ 䔼⬉䔺DŽ ⃻⌆ǃ▇⌆ⱘϔѯ ˈ 䔼⬉䔺гҡ 䖤㸠DŽϞϪ㑾 ˈ⨲ ⪺ℷ ⫼њϔ 䔼⬉䔺䔼䘧ˈ㢣咢Ϫǃԃ ㄝ⨲ ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺䔼䘧㒋㒋䞡 䖤㧹DŽ ⊩ ⱘ 咢ǃ䞠 ǃ 㡃ㄝ ҹ 㥋 ⱘϔѯ ˈ 䔼⬉䔺г䞡 䗮DŽ
䔼⬉䔺 ЎӴ㒳 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳DŽ Ӵ㒳 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳
Ӵ㒳 䔼⬉䔺ⱘՓ⫼ 㒣 ⱘ њDŽӴ㒳 䴶䕂䔼ⱘЏ㽕䯂乬 Ѣ 㨑 ǃ ǃ䔺キ 䲒 Ӭ 䲒DŽӴ㒳 䔼⬉䔺 䏃䴶㸠偊ˈ ⫳㜅䔼⦄䈵ˈ 㛑⃴Շˈ䕀 㽕∖ ˈϨ䔺ԧ 䞛⫼Ԣ DŽ
䖲ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺г ϞϪ㑾 ⬭ϟⱘˈ㒣䖛䖥 ⱘ䔼䘧ǃկ⬉ǃ䔺䕚 䗴ˈ䞡 Ѹ 㒓ⱘ 䖤 㛑DŽ 䖲 Ⳃ 䕚ϡ ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺 䖤㧹ˈ㒓䏃䭓 㑺 䞠ˈ↣ 䕑 㑺
ғҎ⃵DŽ
℺ ⧁䅽㒓
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 Ӵ㒳ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺 ⸔Ϟ 䍋 ⱘ 䗳 Ѹ䗮㋏㒳ˈ⬅Ѣ䗴ӋԢǃ ∵ ǃЬ 㟦䗖 ǃ 䆒 䕗ⷁ㗠㹿䆌 ⱘ ǃЁ ˈ䖥 ϡ DŽ⦄ҷ 䔼⬉䔺ⱘ 䗳 䖒↣ 䞠ˈ↨ Ѹ≑䔺 ˁˈ䖤䕑䞣↣ 催 䖒 ϛҎ⃵ˈ↨ Ѹ䔺 ϔ ˈ ҹ԰Ў 䪕ⱘ㸹 ⭣ Ѹ䗮 DŽ
䔼⬉䔺 ⡍
䱣ⴔ䔺䕚 ǃ⬉ 䗴 ⱘ Ⲟ ❳ˈ ⫼⦄ҷ催⾥ 䗴 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ˈ ⃻㕢 њ 㨫 DŽ ϡ 㒳䅵ˈ⦄ Ϫ⬠Ϟ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ˈ䖭ѯ㋏㒳 䖤Ё ⴔ䞡㽕԰⫼DŽ䖭ѯ䔺䕚 䞣䞛⫼ ˈ䔺ԧ ⦄ Ԣ ˈ䔺 ⾏ 䴶㑺Ў ↿㉇DŽ䔺ԧϔ㠀Ў ̚ ㉇䭓ˈ ̚ ㉇ˈ䔺ԧП䯈 䞛⫼䪚 ˈ ǃ䔺 ǃ䔺ԧㄝ ⦄῵ 䆒䅵DŽՓ⫼'& ӣ '& ӣ 㾺㔥 կ⬉䔼կ⬉ˈ 䞛⫼ 䴶կ⬉˄$36˅DŽ䔺䕚ϔ㠀䞛⫼ 䔼䎱 ↿㉇ˈ ⦄ 㸠偊DŽ Ѣ⏋ 䏃 ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ϔ㠀䆒 偒偊ˈ Ѣ 䯁䖤㧹ⱘ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 ⦄ Ҏ偒偊DŽ 䞛⫼ ҷ ⱘ䗮 ǃ 䔺 ˈ 䔺ⱘ㸠䔺䯈䱨 䩳ҹ DŽ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ⱘЏ㽕 ⡍ ϟ㸼 ⼎DŽ
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳䔺䕚Ϣ㒓䏃⡍ 㸼 㸼
䔺䕚 ⡍ 䭓 P P 催 P
䔺䕚
Ҏ
催䗳
NPˋK
䗳
NPˋK ̚ ̚ ̚
̚
˄ S P P˅
̚
㒓䏃 ⡍ 䕀
P
䴶 ⌕䞣
Ҏ K
䔼䎱 P ǃ ǃ ˁ̚ ˁ ̚
䖲 䔼⬉䔺˄ ˅ 䖲 䔼⬉䔺˄ 䯁 ˅
キ 催 PP 䕈䞡 W 䕈䎱˄PP˅ ⠀ 㛑
ă
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ⱘ⡍⚍
㒣䖛 ⱘ ˈ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 㒣 ↨䕗 ˈ ҹЎЬ կ䕗Ў ǃ ǃ㟦䗖ⱘ ˈ䆹㋏㒳 ҹϟ⡍⚍˖
˅ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ϔ㠀䗖⫼Ѣ 䴶 Ѹ䗮˗
˅ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 ҹ♉⌏ 䆒㕂䔺䘧ˈ ϡ㽕∖ 㞾 ⱘϧ⫼䔺䘧ˈ ҹϢ≑䔺 ѿ䏃 DŽ䖭ϔӬ⚍ Ѣ ⫼Ѣ䘧䏃⣁じⱘ㗕 䇈ˈ ⡍ ⱘ⦄ НDŽ㗠 䘧䏃 ⱘ ˈ ҹЎ 䔼⬉䔺䆒㕂ϧ⫼䔺䘧ˈҹ 催㸠䔺䗳 ˗
˅Ϣ ≑䔺Ⳍ↨ˈ䖤䞣 ˈ䗳 ˈ∵ ˈ㟦䗖 ˈՓ⫼ 䭓˗ ˅Ϣ 䪕Ⳍ↨ˈ ⿟ 䌘ⳕˈ 䆒䗳 ˈ䖤㧹䌍⫼Ԣˈ㓈 ˗
˅䞛⫼ 䴶կ⬉ ˈ 㕢㾖ǃ ˗
˅⬅Ѣ 䖤䞣䕗 ˈ 䆒䌍⫼Ԣˈ ⌕䞣䕗 ⱘ 䘧Ϟ 䆒 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ˈ ⌕㾘῵ 䌘䞥ㅍ ԡҹ ˈ 㗗㰥 䪕DŽ
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼
˅䗖⫼ѢЁԢ䖤䞣ⱘ Ѹ䗮 㒓DŽ
˅䗖 ⦃ ǃ 㾖㽕∖䕗催ⱘ㾘 DŽ
˅䗖 ԣ ⱘԢ ˈⷁ䎱⾏ⱘこẁѸ䗮DŽ
⫼ ՟
偀䌯 䔼⬉䔺 㕂
偀䌯 䔼⬉䔺㒓˄ 䖾˅
剕 䔼⬉䔺 㕂
剕 䔼⬉䔺
㽓䮼 Џ㽕ѻ Ў&20%,12 3/86㋏ 䔼⬉䔺ˈ䆹㋏ Џ㽕䖤㧹 䖒Խ ㄝDŽ
㽓䮼 䔼⬉䔺䕀
䔼⬉䔺 㕂
䖒Խ 䔼⬉䔺㒓
䔼⬉䔺 佄
㧼 䳋䖒 Џ㽕ѻ Ў6,5,2㋏ 䔼⬉䔺ˈ䆹㋏ Џ㽕䖤㧹 㘇 ㄝDŽ
䔼⬉䔺 㕂
Ⳃ ⃻⌆ ⫼䕗 ⱘ 㒓䏃⣀ゟՓ⫼ˈԚ 䖯 Ҏ㕸 䲚ⱘ Ё Ў䏃䴶⏋ 䖤㸠ˈ г 䗮䖛䱻䘧 催 Փ 䖤㸠⣀ゟ ˈ䔺䕚㒧 䞛⫼ 䕈ϝ䕀 ˈ䭓 ㉇ ㉇П䯈ˈ䞡 П䯈˄䕈䞡 ̚ ˅ˈϔ㠀 ϟ 㡖䖤㸠ˈԚ 催 г ҹ䖲 䖤㸠DŽ
㄀ ゴ ㋏㒳䗝
㋏㒳䗝
⬠ ⬉䔺 ⿟ԡѢ ⬠Ể ˈℷ Ў ⬠ ⦃ ӊⱘ⡍⅞ ˈ 䔺 ⱘ䗝 ⴔ 䴶ⱘ㽕∖˖
˅⒵䎇 㾘 ⦃
䔺䕚 ǃ㡆 䰘 䆒 㕂 㗗㰥 ⡍㡆ˈϢ 㾖 䇗ϔ㟈ˈ 催 ˈ ⒵䎇䞥䶁⑾ⱘ⇨ 㞾✊ ӊDŽ
˅䖤䞣䗖Ёˈ⒵䎇䖤㛑㽕∖
䆹 㒓䏃乘⌟ⱘ㾘 催 ⌕Ў Ҏˈ 䗝䔺 ⒵䎇䖤㛑㽕∖ˈ ϔ ⱘ㛑 乘⬭DŽ
˅㕢㾖ǃ㟦䗖ǃԢ ǃԢ∵
㒓䏃ԡ㕂䞡㽕ˈ ⱘ ␌Ҏ ӫ ˈ ⬠ ⱘ䞡㽕に ˈ ϔ ⿟ Ϟҷ㸼ⴔ ⬠ⱘ 䈵ˈ ℸˈ䔺䕚 乏㟦䗖ǃ 䴭ǃ∵ ˈ Ϩ䗴 㕢㾖DŽ ˅䗴ӋԢ
䔺䕚ⱘ㒱 䜡ӊ 㗫ӊ䳔 ѻ ˈ ҹ 䌁фˈҹ䰡Ԣ ⱘ䖤㧹㓈 䌍⫼ˈ 㓐 㗗㰥䔺䕚 䜡 䆒 ⱘ 䌁㕂䌍ˈҹ ⱘ䖤㧹㓈 䌍⫼ˈ䗝 䌍⫼ Ԣⱘ䔺䕚DŽ
˅ ❳
䗝 䕗Ў ❳ⱘ䔺䕚ˈ Ϟϡ䳔㽕 䔺䕚 Ⳍ ⱘ䆒 䕃ӊ䖯㸠䞡 䆒䅵 DŽ
˅ 䴴 催
ⱘ␌㾜㋏㒳 Ў ⬠ ⱘ␌ կ㾖 㸠 ˈ ℸˈ䔺䕚 乏 䕗催ⱘ 䴴 ˈ ϨẔ DŽ
ҢⳂ 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮ⱘ㋏㒳 ˈ ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚㋏㒳ǃ 䔼⬉䔺ǃ㞾 䕧䗕˄$30˅㋏㒳ǃ 䔼㋏㒳ˈ ҹ⒵䎇Ϟ䗄㽕∖DŽ
㋏㒳↨䗝
㋏㒳䗝
㋏㒳ⱘ䗝 㽕㗗㰥 䴶ⱘ ㋴ˈЏ㽕ḍ ҹϟ ⹂ ˖
˅ 䖒 ⱘ䕧䗕㛑 ˗
˅ Ϟⱘ 䖯 Ϣ 㸠 ˗
˅㋏㒳䖤㸠ⱘ Ϣ 䴴 ˗
˅ ⦃ ⱘ ˗
˅ 䆒 Ϣ䘧䏃 ӊⱘ䜡 ˗
˅ 䌘 ѸҬ䖤㧹 ⱘ䌘䞥 ˗
㋏㒳䗝
ϡ䆎䞛⫼ԩ⾡㋏㒳ˈ䰸њ㗗㰥 Ϟⱘ 䖯 ˈ䖬㽕 ˈ 㗗㰥㋏㒳ⱘ䗖⫼ ˈ ⬉䆒 䜡ӊϡ㛑䭓 ձ䌪䖯 ˈ 㛑䗝⫼ 㛑 ⫳ѻⱘ ϡ 䭓ⱘ 䯈 㛑 ѻ ⱘ㋏㒳DŽ
䕧䗕㛑
㋏㒳䗝 佪 乏㛑⒵䎇䖥 䖰 ⌕䞣ⱘ㽕∖DŽⳂ ㉏䔺 ⱘ 㾕ϟ㸼DŽ
㉏䔺 䅵ㅫ䔺䕚 㸼 乍Ⳃ ⿄ $30䔺 ' 䫄 䔺 / 䔺 䔼䔺
䔺䭓 ü
䔺
䔺催 䕀 Ё 䎱 ü
䕈䎱
䔺 催
Ѣ 䔼⬉䔺 ϔ㠀䞛⫼ 䴶 䆒 ˈ Ѹ䘧 ⏋㸠˄ Ӭ ˅ˈ 䰙㉏Ԑ 䖤㧹㒓䏃 䔺䯈䱨 䩳ˈ䖭ḋϞ䗄 䔼⬉䔺䖤㛑㣗 Ўϡ Ѣ ϛҎ⃵ ˈ㾕㸼 DŽ
䔼⬉䔺䕑 䞣㸼 㸼
キゟ 䔺䕚῵ 䞣
䕑 䞣
&LWDGLV P 䔺
Ҏ P
Ҏ P
Ҏ P
Ҏ P
ϸ㉏῵ 䔺䭓 ⼎
῵ Ϣ ῵ 䔼⬉䔺⼎
Ѣ⡍⾡ Ф␌Ф䔺䕚ˈ ✻ կ ⾡㋏㒳ⱘ䕑 䞣 ϟ˖
䆒 ⿄ 䆒 ⑤
㓪㒘 䕑 䞣˄Ҏ˅
䔼⬉ ␌㾜䔺 ⬉ 䔼 䔺 ϝⳌ 9 ⒥㒓կ⬉ 䔺ˇ 䔺䕚 催 䔼␌㾜 ⬉ 䔼 䔺 䔺ˇ 䔺䕚 ⬉ ☿䔺 ⬉ 偅 ☿䔺 䔺ˇ 䔺䕚 ⬉∴ ☿䔺
⬉ 偅 ☿䔺
Ⳉ⌕ 9 㪘⬉∴կ⬉ 䔺ˇ 䔺䕚
ḍ ⬠ ⌕ ⱘ ˈ䖰 催 ⌕䕗 ˈҢ䖤䗕㛑 ˈ⡍⾡␌Ф䔺䕚ⱘ⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳ǃ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ǃ$30ㄝ㋏㒳ⱘ䖤㛑㛑 䕗 ⒵䎇 㒓䳔∖ˈ⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳 䖤䞣Ϟ䗖 䕗 DŽ Ϟⱘ 㸠 Ϣ 䖯
䗝⫼ⱘ㋏㒳 䆹㗗㰥 Ϟⱘ 䖯 ˈԚг㽕 ˈϡ ⳆⳂ䗑∖ 䖯DŽ ⬉䆒 䜡ӊϡ㛑䭓 ձ䌪䖯 ˈ 㛑䗝⫼ 㛑 ⫳ѻⱘ ϡ 䭓ⱘ 䯈 㛑 ѻ ⱘ㋏㒳DŽ
$30㋏㒳Ⳃ Ҁ佪䛑 ⦴∳ 䕧䗕㋏㒳 ⫼ˈϸ 㒓䛑䞛⫼њ 䖾 ⱘ&; DŽ 䔺 ⫼㞾䑿 Ⳉ⌕⬉ 䔺ǃѸ⌕Ӵ 䪕䔺䕚 䴶ⱘ䆒䅵ǃ 䗴㒣偠ˈ㘨 ӕϮˈ Ϣ催ㄝ䰶 Ё䔼䘧䔺䕚ǃ≑䔺䔺䕚 䴶ϧ ⱘ ԰ˈϢ 䋻䖤≑䔺㸠Ϯⱘ乊㑻䚼ӊկ ԰ˈℷ 䖯㸠$30㛊䕂䔺ⱘ ѻ 䗴DŽ
䔼㋏㒳Ⳃ 䞡 䪕 䗮䖤㧹ˈԚ⬅Ѣ䞡 䪕 䔼㋏㒳䖤䞣 Ѣ催ǃ 䖤䞣ˈϡ䗖 㒓 ӊDŽ㉏ԐѢ ⱘ 䔼㋏㒳 Փ⫼DŽ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ˈ ⬅␬╁⬉ 䋳䋷㞾㸠ⷨ 䕚4.
䕈 䫄 䕏䔼ḋ䔺ˈ 㸹њ 䕏䔼㋏㒳ⱘぎⱑDŽ䭓 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮⦃㒓ϔ ⿟䞛⫼њԢ 䕏䔼㋏㒳DŽ ˈ⬅␬╁⬉ 㙵ӑ 䰤 Ў䭓 ⫳ѻⱘ 䕚4 : 䕈 䫄 ˁԢ 䔺ϟ㒓DŽ䆹䔺⬅ Ͼ῵ 㒘 ˈ䭓 Pˈ Pˈ催 Ѣ PDŽ催 Ԣ 䎱䔼䴶催 PPDŽ ˈ䭓 䔼䘧Ѹ䗮⦃㒓ϔ ⿟䆩䗮䔺DŽ 䆩䖤㸠DŽ 䖲 Ѣ њ 䭓 NPⱘ 䏃 䔼⬉䔺⦄ҷ 䗴ˈ њԢ 䕏䔼Ѹ䗮DŽ⦄ҷ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳ˈ Ѣ 䍋ℹ䰊↉DŽ
⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳Ⳃ 䫵 ⠽ ␌㾜㒓ǃ Ӻ䋱 㤝 㒓䏃Ϟ ⫼ˈ㋏㒳 㸠 䕗 DŽ
㋏㒳䖤㸠ⱘ Ϣ 䴴
⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳ǃ$30䔺ǃ 䔼㋏㒳ǃ 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 ⱘ䖤㧹㒣偠ˈ ❳ˈ䖤㸠 䴴DŽ
⦃ ⱘ
⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳 䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳䞛⫼ 䕂 䕀 㒧 ˈ ˈ Ԣˈϡѻ⫳ ⇨ˈ ⦃ ∵ ˈ⫼Ѣ⦃ 䋼䞣㽕∖䕗催ⱘ ҹ 䖤䕧 ϡ ҷⱘ԰⫼DŽ 䔼⬉䔺䞛⫼ 䴶 䆒 ˈ⏅ 㗕 Ё ˈ䞛⫼⏋ Ѹ䗮 ˈ㹿⿄ЎĀ ⠛āDŽ
$30䔺 䔼㋏㒳䞛⫼㛊䕂䖤㸠ˈ催 㒓䏃こ䍞 Ё ˈ ǃ䕂䔼䖤㸠ㄝѻ⫳ⱘ ⦃ ϡ DŽ
䆒 Ϣ䘧䏃 ӊⱘ䜡
⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳ϡ䳔㽕 㾺㔥ˈկ⬉ ˈ㛑 Ϣ 㸠㋏㒳㸨 㡃 ˈ ℸ䗖⫼Ѣ 䴶 Ѹ䗮ˈ ҹ♉⌏ 䆒㕂䔺䘧ˈ ϡ㽕∖ 㞾 ⱘϧ⫼䔺䘧ˈ ҹϢ㸠Ҏ ѿ䏃 ˈ 䆒䗳 DŽ ゟ乍 Ёϔ㠀ҙ䳔ⳕ ゟ乍DŽ $30䔺 Ԣ䖤䞣䕏 䔼㋏㒳 ⫳ѻˈ䳔㽕 䞛䌁ˈ 䆒 䕗䭓DŽ䞛⫼ 䯁䖤㸠ˈ 䞛⫼催 ϟⱘ 䆒 DŽ
䌘 ѸҬ䖤㧹 ⱘ䌘䞥
䔼⬉䔺㋏㒳 ⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳 ҹ ⦄ ѻ ˈ ⿟ 䌘ⳕˈ䖤㧹䌍⫼Ԣˈ ѻ 䔼⬉䔺䗴Ӌ㑺Ў ϛ 䕚ˈ ѻ⬉∴ ☿䔺䗴Ӌ ϛ 䕚ҹϟDŽ $30㋏㒳䖤㸠䘧㽕∖䕗催ˈ㋏㒳↨䕗 ˈ䔺䕚г䳔ձ䌪䖯 ˈ 䌘 催ˈ䖤㸠䌍⫼г↨䕗催DŽ
㋏㒳↨䗝㒧䆎
㓐Ϟ 䗄ˈҢ㒓䏃 ԡ 㒣⌢䗖⫼㾦 ˈ 乍Ⳃ 䆂к 㤤 ⬠ ␌㾜㒓䏃䞛⫼␌Ф⬉∴ ☿䔺㋏㒳DŽ䆹㋏㒳䖤䞣Ϣ 㒓䏃 䜡 䕗 ˈ 䖯ǃ ǃ䗖⫼ǃ㟦䗖ǃ⦃ ㄝ⡍⚍ˈ ⒵䎇 ␌ӥ䯆㾖 ⌕ˈ ⱘ 䴶⦃ 䕗 ˈ 䗖 㒣⌢ Ϟ Ӭ䍞 DŽ
ˈ԰Ў ⬠ ϔ⾡ ⱘѸ䗮㋏㒳ˈ䞛⫼䆹㋏㒳 ҹ԰Ў ⬠ ⱘϔ ⠛ˈϡԚ ҹ ⱘ ␌㾖 ⌕ˈ 催䖤㧹 ԡⱘ㒣⌢ Ⲟˈ䖬 ҹ䖯ϔℹ ⬠ ⱘ 䈵DŽ
㸠䔺㒘㒛 Ḝ
㋏㒳䗝
乍Ⳃ 䞛⫼⬉∴ ☿䔺䔺䕚ˈ 䔺㓪㒘䞛⫼ 䕚㓪㒘ˈϸ䕚 䔺ˈϝ䕚 䔺DŽ 䔺 Ў Ҏ ˈ 催䖤㸠䗳 Ў NP KDŽ 䔺 Ӻ䋱 㤝 ǃ 䫵 ⠽ ㄝ 䞛⫼DŽ
㸠䔺㒘㒛 Ḝ
ḍ ⌕Ԅㅫˈ乘䅵㾘 㒓催 ⌕䞣㑺Ў Ҏ⃵ ˈ 䆕ϔ ⱘ ∈ ˈ 㒓㸠䔺㒘㒛 ✻ Kˈ㸠䔺Ѹ䏃 ϟ˖
㋏㒳䆒䅵䖤䕧㛑 㸼 㸼 䖤㧹䞠⿟˄NP˅ 䗮 㾘
䖤㧹䞠⿟˄NP˅ 催 ⌕ 䴶˄Ҏ⃵˅
䔺 ˄Ҏ ˅
㸠䗳 ˄NP K˅
催
催 䔺䯈䱨˄V˅
䴶䕧䗕㛑 ˄Ҏ K˅
䖤⫼䔺 ˄ ˅
䜡 䔺˄ ˅
㒓䆒䅵催 㸠 ˈ䜡 䔺 ˈ Ё ⫼䔺 ˈ ⒵䎇催 㸠 ⱘ䳔∖ˈ 䖤䕧㛑 䖒 Ҏ⃵ ˈ ϔ ⱘ ⌕亢䰽㛑 DŽ㾘 ㋏㒳㛑 ✻ DŽ
䕙 䜡㒓䆒㕂
㄀Ѩゴ ℹ㒓䏃 Ḝ
㒓䏃ὖ
⬠ 䔼⬉䔺 ⿟ԡѢ ⬠Ể ˈ⊓ ㊒ ␌㒓䏃üü䞥䶁⑾㗠䆒DŽ ⬠ 䔼⬉䔺 ⿟㒓䏃 䭓 NPˈ䆒 䔺キˈ キ䯈䎱 NPDŽ
䞥䶁⑾ 䔼⬉䔺 ⿟㒓䏃 䴶⼎
⊓㒓⦄⢊
䞥䶁⑾ ✊ ⱘϔ 㕢Бⱘ⑾⌕ˈ 䞥䶁 㗠 DŽ 䭓 䞠ˈ⑾∈ 㞾㽓 ϰこ㸠Ѣ㒱 П䯈ˈ ՓЙ ˈгϡӮ ⌕DŽ⑾ⱘϸ䖍 㘌ゟˈ催 ѥ ˈ 㐕㣖ˈ⌧㤿㬑 ˈ䖭 ⑾∈╎╎ǃ⧝⩗亲◥ˈ 㢅 㤝Ϣ⦡⾑ ⫳ 㤷ˈ Ў⾔Бǃ⏙ ǃ㞾✊ⱘ⫳ ⦃ ˈ㹿⿄ЎĀϪ⬠ 㕢ⱘ 䈋āˈĀ 䆫 ⱘ⑾⌕āDŽ
䞥䶁⑾ 䞥䶁 䞥䶁⑾ϔ Џ㽕 㓓 㨑 䯨 ˈ㗠Џ㽕 ⾡ἴ DŽ ⬠ⱘἴ ⾡ˈ 佭ἴǃ ⍺ἴǃ㑶 ἴǃ ⷇ἴǃ㰢Ⲃἴǃ㒦↯⷇ἴǃ䌸ἴǃ ἴǃ㵈㵊ἴǃネ ἴㄝˈ ҹ佭ἴЎ ⦡䌉DŽ
䞥䶁⑾㣖 ⱘ
䞥䶁⑾䞠 ϔ⾡Ā 剐āˈ ⦄ҞϪ⬠Ϟ ⱘϸ ⠽㉏ˈ Ѡ㑻 ⠽DŽ 剐 劉ˈ Ϫ⬠ Ё ǃ ǃ㕢 ˈ ⱘ ䷇ ˈ ҹ ԰Ā 剐āDŽ䰸ℸП ˈ Ҫ䞢⫳ ⠽ ℸϢ 㞾✊ 䇤 DŽ
䞥䶁⑾㞾✊⫳
㒓䏃 ℹ Ḝ
䞥䶁⑾ Ң ㉇ ㉇ϡㄝˈ⦄⢊␌䘧 䆒Ѣ⑾∈ ˈϸջ 䚕䚕㩅㩅ⱘ 䰵 ⱘ ˈ 䴶 DŽ
䞥䶁⑾ 䴶
⿟䗝㒓ⱘЏ㽕 ˖˄ ˅ḍ ⿟ ⧚ԡ㕂ǃ ⿟ 䋼 ∈ 䋼 ӊˈ ⧚䗝 㒓䏃䆒㕂ԡ㕂 䆒 ˗˄ ˅㒓䏃 㛑⊓⑾䖍␌䘧䆒㕂ˈϔ 䴶 ҹ ⦃ ⱘ⸈ ˈ ϔ 䴶 䴶␌ Ь䔺˗ ␌䘧䏃ջ ӊ ⱘԡ㕂䖯㸠 䆒⬉∴ ☿䔺ˈ ӊ ⱘԡ㕂㗗㰥 ⑾䖍 䆒 ⱘҎ㸠䘧ˈ ⫼ Ҏ㸠䘧 䆒⬉∴ ☿䔺˗˄ ˅䔺キ 㗗㰥Џ㽕 ⌕䲚 ⚍ˈ ␌ ␌㾜DŽ ℸ ϟˈ ⿟㒓䏃 䭓 NPˈ䞛⫼ 䴶 䚼催 ⱘ 䆒 ˈ䆒 䔺キˈ Ўջ キˈキ 䭓 Pˈ Pˈ㒓䏃キ䯈䎱㾕ϟ㸼˖
⬠ 䔼⬉䔺 ⿟キ䯈䎱㸼 㸼 キ キЁ 䞠⿟ キ䯈䎱 P ⊼
䞥䶁⑾ <$.
㽓␌䆄 <$.
䞥䶁 <$.
↡ <$.
䭓 ⊝ <$.
㋿㤝╁ <$.
䞠ⳌӮ <$.
䞡⃶ <$.
䏇剐╁ <$.
做偐 <$.
∈㒩 䮼 <$.
䔺䕚
⿟ὖ
⬠⬉䔺㋏㒳 ⿟㒓䏃 䭓 NPˈ䞛⫼ 䴶 䚼催 ⱘ 䆒 ˈ䆒 䔺キˈ 䞛⫼⬉∴ 䋻䔺ˈ 䕚㓪㒘ˈ 㒓䆒ϔ 䔺䕚 DŽ
䔺䕚 㛑
䔺䕚 䔺䕚䖤⫼ǃẔ ǃ ǃ⠽䌘կ⫼ǃ 䆁 䖤⫼ㅵ⧚ 㛑ㄝ 㛑ˈ ԧ ϟ˖
˅䔺䕚 㛑üü䔺䕚ⱘ ㅵ⧚˗䔺䕚ⱘ ϔ㠀 Ј 䱰ⱘ ⧚ㄝDŽ
˅䔺䕚Ẕ 㛑üüձ 䔺䕚ⱘẔ ˈ 䔺䕚ⱘ䅵 ⧚DŽ ˅䆒 㓈 㛑üü 㒓 ㋏㒳ˈ կ⬉ǃ⦃ ǃ䗮 ǃ ǃ㒭 ∈ǃㄝ ⬉䆒 ˈҹ ㄥǃ䔼䘧ǃㄝ ㄥ⠽䖯㸠㓈 ǃ Ẕ ㄝDŽ ˅⠽䌘կ 㛑üü䋳䋷 㒓 ㋏㒳 䖤㧹䖛⿟Ёˈ 䳔 ⾡ ǃ䆒 ǃ ӊǃ ⫼ ҹ ⠽䌘ⱘ䞛䌁ǃ ǃ ㅵ կ ԰DŽ ˅ 䔺 㛑üü 䔺 ⫳џ ˄ 㜅䔼ǃ乴㽚˅ ˈ㛑䖙䗳 䆒
䰸 䱰ˈ 㸠䔺⾽ DŽ
˅ 䆁 㛑üü䋳䋷 㒓Ҏ 䆁DŽ
˅䖤㧹ㅵ⧚ 㛑üü䔺 䔺䕚䇗 ˈЬ Ҏ ⱘ Ьㅵ⧚ㄝDŽ
㒓䔺䕚 㛑 ԡ˖
⬠⬉䔺㋏㒳 ⿟䔺䕚䗝 Ў⬉∴ ☿䔺ˈ Ẕ ⿟Ў ϟ㸼 ⼎DŽ䔺䕚 䆒 ǃ ⿟ˈ 㒓䔺䕚 ԡЎ 䔺䕚 ˗䔺䕚 㒓㣗 ⱘ䔺䕚 ㋏㒳䆒 ⱘ 㓈 䳔⠽䌘DŽ䔺䕚 䆒 䆁Ё DŽ
⬉∴ ☿䔺Ẕ ⿟㸼 㸼
Ẕ ⾡㉏
Ẕ Ẕ 䯈
䞠⿟ ϛ 䞠 䯈 㾘
Ѡ㑻
ϔ㑻
Ẕ
Ẕ üü ↣ ϸ üü
䔺䕚 䗝 Ḝ
䗝
˅⫼ ヺ ԧ㾘 ˈ 䎇 ⱘ ⫼ 䴶⿃ 䖰 ԭ ˗
˅䔺䕚 ⱘԡ㕂 䆒 Ѹ䏃 䖨⚍䰘䖥ˈҹ Ѣ 䔺ⱘ 䖯↉ˈ 䔺ⱘぎ䔺䍄㸠䎱⾏ˈ 䖤㧹˗
˅ 㡃 ⱘ 䔼 ӊ Ѣ䆒㕂 ↉㒓˗
˅ 䙓 ⿟ 䋼 ∈ 䋼ϡ㡃ⱘ ↉˗
˅ Ѣ ⬉ 㒓䏃ǃ㒭 ∈ㄝ ㅵ䘧ⱘ 䘧䏃ⱘ䖲 DŽ
䔺䕚 䗝
˅↉ ϔ
˄ ˅↉ ϔὖ
↉ ϔԡѢ ⬠Ể ˈҢℷ㒓䍋⚍ ˈ 䍄 ˈϰջ㋻䚏⨉⨊⑾ˈ㽓ջЎ DŽ ⦄⢊Џ㽕Ў㤝 Ҏ㸠䘧䏃DŽ↉ ⫼ 㣗 ˈҎ㸠䘧䏃䳔 ⿏DŽ
䗝 ϔ
䗝 ϔ
䆹 ℷˈ ˈ 䴶 㡎 㕂乎⬙ˈ䔺䕚䖯 ↉ ˈϨ↉ 䖕DŽ
˄ ˅↉ ϔ 䯂乬
ķ 㾘 Ў ⬠Ể 䗨 П ˈ 㾖ˈ 䲒 䕗 ˗
ĸ ϡ䎇ˈҎ㸠䘧䏃 ⿏䕗䲒˗
˅↉ Ѡ
˄ ˅↉ Ѡὖ
↉ ѠԡѢ ⬠Ể ⌏ ˈϢ↉ ϔ DŽ↉ 㽓ջЎ䞥䶁⑾ ⌕ˈϰջ䴴 DŽ Џ㽕Ў ⌏ ˈ催 䕗 DŽ↉ ⫼ 㣗 DŽ↉ 䴶 㡎 㕂 ⧚ˈ 㡎乎⬙DŽ
䗝 Ѡ
˄ ˅↉ Ѡ 䯂乬
ķ䆹↉ Ў ⬠Ể В㸠 ⌏ ˈ 䲒 ↨䕗 ˗
ĸ↉ 㽓ջЎ䞥䶁⑾ ⌕ˈϰջ䴴 ˈ ϡ ˈҎ㸠䘧 ⿏ 䲒DŽ
˅↉ ϝ
˄ ˅↉ ϝὖ
↉ ϝԡѢ ⬠Ể 䘧䏃 ⨉⨊⑾ϰջˈ ϰ㽓䍄 ˈ ջЎ DŽ Џ㽕Ў 䈋㓓 ˈ催 䕗 ˈ ⷇ 䞣䕗 Ϩ䰆⋾㽕∖䕗催DŽ
˄ ˅↉ ϝ 䯂乬
ķ䆹䗝 ԡѢ⨉⨊⑾ϰջˈ ↉㒓䳔Ϟ䎼⨉⨊⑾˗ ĸ䳔㽕 ԧ䖯㸠 ˈ ⷇ 䞣↨䕗 Ϩ䰆⋾㽕∖䕗催DŽ ϝϾ↉ 㓐 ↨䕗ˈ ҹϟ ⚍˖
˄ ˅↉ ϔԡѢ ⬠Ể 䗨㒣П Ϩ䴴䖥⨉⨊⑾ˈ 㾖Ϩ ϡ䎇ˈ ℸϡ 㗗㰥DŽ
˄ ˅↉ ѠԡѢ ⬠Ể В㸠 ⌏ ˈ 䲒 ↨䕗 ˈѺϡ 㗗㰥DŽ
˄ ˅↉ ϝԡѢ 䈋 ˈ 䔺 ↉ DŽԚ䆹 ԡѢ⨉⨊⑾ϰջˈ ↉㒓䳔䎼 ⨉⨊⑾䖤㸠Ϩ 䖬䳔㽕 䚼 ԧˈ ⿟䞣↨䕗 DŽ
䔺䕚 䗝 㤤↉ ϝDŽ 䜡 䔺䕚 䔺䕚 㾘῵
⬠⬉䔺㋏㒳 ⿟ 䗮 ǃ㾘 ㋏㒳㛑 㸼 ϟ˖
㋏㒳䆒䅵䖤䕧㛑 㸼 㸼
䖤㧹䞠⿟˄NP˅ 䗮 㾘 䖤㧹䞠⿟˄NP˅ 催 ⌕ 䴶˄Ҏ⃵˅
䔺 ˄Ҏ ˅ 㸠䗳 ˄NP K˅ 催 催 䔺䯈䱨˄V˅
䗝 ϝ
䗝 ϝ。