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托福阅读动物学词汇汇总

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读动物学词汇汇总动物学也是阅读考查的一个方面。

因为平时对这方面的知识了解通常不多，因此掌握一些与动物学相关的词汇就更加显得有必要了。

species 种类 degenerate 退化breed 物种，繁殖 food chain 食物链mammal 哺乳动物 wild animal 野生动物living creature 生物 mature 成熟immature 不成熟的 habitat 栖息地inhabit 栖息于，居住在 evolve 进化evolution 进化 instinct 本能feature 特点 ability—capacity 能力reproduction 繁殖 appetite 食欲digestion 消化 offspring/ descendent 后代grub 幼兽 cub 幼兽predator 掠夺者prey 被掠夺者 migrate--migration 迁徙aggression 侵略 hatch 孵化hibernation 冬眠 chew 咀嚼biological diversity 生物多样性sense 感官 hormone 荷尔蒙intelligence 智慧 emotion 情感joint 关节 limb 四肢muscle 肌肉 nerve 神经organ 器官 vulnerable 易受伤害的gene 基因 identify rings 身份标志圈aquaria 水族馆 marine 海洋的life expectancy 寿命 life span 寿命fur 皮毛 imitate 模仿mimicry 模仿 turtle 海龟mimic 模仿的 pest 害虫pesticide 杀虫剂 insect 昆虫conservation 保护 mammal 哺乳动物reindeer 驯鹿rhinoceros 犀牛 reptile 爬行动物;卑鄙的人crocodile 鳄鱼chameleon 变色龙 batrachians 无尾两栖类，蛙类 lizard 蜥蜴exist—existence 生存 extinct—extinction 灭绝visual and acoustic faculty 视觉和听觉能力endangered rare species 稀有濒危物种cognition—recognition 认知，再认知turtle 海龟 dinosaur 恐龙family 科 class 纲order 目 suborder 亚目genus 种，类 spine 脊骨toe 脚趾 bill 鸟嘴beak 鸟嘴，喙scale 鳞片;障眼物 ox 牛dolphin 海豚plankton 浮游生物 mule 骡donkey 驴 zebra 斑马reindeer 驯鹿 giraffe 长颈鹿camel 骆驼 puma美洲豹leopard 豹 tiger 虎squirrel松鼠 eagle 鹰snake 蛇 turtle 龟cow 母牛goose 鹅 swan天鹅oviparity卵生 viviparity 胎生grease 动物脂;脂肪相关推荐：托福阅读练习材料：ORNL/CDIAC-115 托福阅读细节题的解决方案行之有效的托福阅读练习方法托福阅读备考材料分类汇总托福阅读各种题型的应对之道相关字搜索：托福。

托福分类词汇精选

托福分类词汇精选1 animal 动物Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种vertebrate 脊椎动物invertebrate 无脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物aquaculture 水产养殖reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼porpoise 海豚bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地mammal 哺乳动物primate 灵长动物rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精tentacle 触角metabolism 新陈代谢-11-。

新托福阅读动物类话题词汇及长句

2.Thefinal step camewhensteam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward,thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.
生命科学类之其他话题
昆虫（蚂蚁信息素、蚂蚁交流、蜜蜂交流、蝴蝶多样性）
鸟类（始祖鸟、人工孵化、鸟类换毛、欺骗战术、筑巢、迁徙、鸣叫）
水生动物（浮游生物、鳟鱼、鱼类体液、海豚）
动物习性（认知能力、哺育后代、工具使用、保温机制、生物钟、拟态行为、摄食行为、蝙蝠和寄生虫、捕食最优化）
灭绝与进化（史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝、物种灭绝、动物体型进化、物种适应性）
2.At one time,the animalspresent in these fossil bedswere assigned to various modern animal groups,butmost paleontologists now agree thatall tommotian fossils represent unique body formsthat arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period,leaving no descendants in modernanimal groups.
分析：本句为并列句，由连词but连接；“the animalspresent in these fossil bedswere assigned to various modern animal groups”的主句为“the animals were assigned to various modern animal groups”“present in these fossil beds”为后置定语；“most paleontologists now agree thatall tommotian fossils represent unique body formsthat arose in the earlyCambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period,leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.”的主句为“most paleontologists now agree that…”，其中“thatall tommotian fossils represent unique body formsthat arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period,leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.”为that引导的宾语从句，做agree的宾语；“that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period,leaving no descendants in modern animal groups”为定语从句，做unique body forms的定语，关系词为that；“leaving no descendants in modern animal groups”为现在分词短语，在此定语从句中做伴随状语。

托福TPO阅读词汇

GROUNDWA TERmeteoric（大气的）soak（渗透）precipitation（降雨量）pebble（卵石）gravel（沙砾）coarse（粗的）outwash（冲刷）fanwise（成扇形地）overlie（躺在……上面）pore（毛孔）cement（粘结，巩固）percolate（渗透）porous（多孔的）crystalline（结晶的）permeability（渗透性）cavity（洞）crevice（裂缝）plug（用塞子塞满）THE ORIGINS OF THEATER rely（信任）envision（想象）perceive（察觉）ritual（仪式）modify（修改，更改）oral（口头的）thereafter （此后）aesthetic（美学的）propose（提议）elaborate（详细说明）narrator（叙述者）pantomime（哑剧）impersonation（扮演）antecedent（祖先）whereby(借以)penchant（爱好）inclination（倾向，爱好）comic（滑稽的）nevertheless（尽管如此）retain（保持）fulfill（履行，完成）confront（面对）ARCHITECTUREenclose（围住）symbolic（象征的）grow out of（源于）dimensional（空间的）feasible（可行的）mediocre（平庸的）in terms of（就……而言）ease（简单）plumbing（管道装置）arduous（艰难的）pile（堆积，装载）segment（部分）drain（下水道）divert（转移）Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer depletion（消耗，逐渐耗尽）rancher（大牧场主）aquifer（蓄水层）well（水井）ensuing（继而发生的）tap（从……放出液体）sorghum（高粱）unprecedented（空前的，史无前例的）finite（有限的）negligible（不可忽略的）replenish（补充）dug（挖）necessitate（迫使）withdrawal（撤退）conserve（保存）grandiose（壮观的）inject（注射）triple（三倍的）strain（紧张）subsequent（随后的）The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems assemble（集合，聚集）flexibly（如意地）term（术语）pond(池塘)property（道具）climax（顶点，极点）invasion（入侵）pest（害虫）resilience（还原能力）fragile（易碎的，脆的）temperate（温和的）tricycle（三轮车）pale（变得苍白，变得暗淡）likewise（同样地）Opportunists and Competitors metabolism（n.新陈代谢）expenditure（花费，使用）squander（浪费）ultimately（最终地）dandelion（蒲公英）hollow（空的）dispersal（散布，传播）prolifically（多产地）term（把……称为）compensate （补偿）soar（往上飞舞）plummet（垂直落下）foul（难闻的）render（使成为）blend（混合物）Lascaux Cave Paintings prehistoric（史前的）beast（兽）solemn（庄严的，严肃的）parade（游行，列队行进）bison（野牛）outline（勾勒）charcoal（木炭）smear（涂，沫）spray（喷射）stain（沾染，着色）recess（幽深处）cramped（狭窄的）obliterate（清除，涂去）conceivable（可相信的）realm（领域，范围）tribal （部落的）substantiate（实体化，证实）indecipherable（难辨认的）prone（俯卧的，有……倾向的）trance（出神，恍惚）uniformly（一致地）credence（相信，信任）mystique（n.神秘性）Electricity from Windturbine（涡轮机）in principle（原则上，基本上）moderate（中等的）heat-trapping（致温室效应气体的）lease（出租）projected（预期的）cell（电池）hydropower（水力发出的电力）interfere（妨碍）pit（与……较量）dwarf（变小）in place（在工作，准备就绪）virtually（实际上）Deer Populations of the Puget Sound prairie（大草原）understory（林下叶层）meadow（草地，牧场）browse（吃青草，绿叶等）bemoan（惋惜，认为遗憾）succulent（多汁的）game（猎物）elk（麋鹿）botanical（植物学的）disturbing（令人不安的）fort（城堡）plight （苦境）encroach（侵犯）yield（生产）rebound（反弹）substantially（本质上地）Cave Art in Europebead（小珠子）carving（雕刻）crude（天然的，未加工的）slab（平板）excavate（挖掘）gallery（走廊）bare（赤裸的）backdrop（背景）trapping（装饰）depict（描绘）chip（薄片，碎屑）herd（兽群）explicitly（明白地，明确地）portray（描绘，描写）hide（兽皮）tusk（牙）reindeer（驯鹿）confine（限制，局限于）engraving（版画，雕版印刷品）phase（阶段，时期）fertility（多产）Petroleum Resourcesdissolved(熔化的)deposit（沉淀物）droplet（小滴）squeeze（挤，榨）saturated（渗透的）valuable（宝贵的）underlie（存在于某物之下）derrick（起重机）portable（便携式的）dismantle（拆卸）spout（喷口）gusher（喷油井）refinery（精炼厂）hostile（有阻碍的）offshore（离岸的）spillage（溢出）foul（污染）subside（沉没，平息）Meteorites Impact and Dinosaur Extinctionmeteorite(陨星)catastrophe（灾难）dozen（十二个）intrigue（激起……的好奇心）paleontologist（古生物学家）diameter（直径）envelop（包围）crust（地壳）dilute（稀释）terrestrial（地球的）excavate（挖掘）crater（火山口）block(阻碍) plunge（使……陷入）presumably（ad.据推测）tentatively(试验性的，暂时的) evolutionary（进化的）niche（壁龛，凹进的地方）mechanism（途径）fundamentally（根本地）criterion（准则）cosmic（宇宙的）pose（造成）MINERALS AND PLANTSsource(来源)nitrogen（氮）nitrate（硝酸盐）ion（离子）notoriously（臭名昭著地，声名狼藉地）serpentine（a.像蛇般蜷曲的，蜿蜒的）calcium（钙）depletion（n.消耗，用尽）detect（发现）symptom（症状）chlorosis（萎黄病，变色病）chlorophyll（叶绿素）anthocyanin（花青素）stem（茎）stunt（阻碍成长）tissue（组织）herbaceou（草本）phosphorus（鳞）slender（a.苗条的，细长的）anthocyanin（花青素）discoloration（变色，污点）petiole（叶柄）omit（省略）facilitate（使容易）overabundance（n.过多）toxic（a.有毒的）saline（a.含盐的）sodium（钠）chloride（氯化物）lead（铅）mercury（水银）aluminum（铝）copper （铜）zinc（锌）amass（积累）shrub（灌木）tropical（热带的）pathogen（病菌）scenario（剧情说明，脚本）relocate（迁移）compound（n.复合物，化合物）excavation（挖掘）reburial（填埋）THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLEgreater(广义的)primarily（主要地）scattered（分散的）triangle（三角形）speculation（思考）solid（可靠的）fanciful（奇异的）deprecate（反对）navigational（航行的，航海的）anthropologist（人类学家）colonize（开拓殖民地）civilization（文明）drift（vi.漂，漂流）prevailing（一般的，普通的）domesticated（驯养的）marginal（贫瘠的）prerequisite（先决条件，前提）cultivated（耕种的）taro（芋头）yarn（纱）sugarcane（甘蔗）sago（西米）outrigger（支架）canoe（独木舟）voyage（航行）maroon（使（人）处于孤独无助之境）adrift（a.漂泊的，漂流的）deliberate（故意的，蓄意的）expedition（远征，探险，冒险）simulation（模仿，模拟）dynamic（动力）undisputed（无可置疑的）sweet potato（红薯）THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSIONCambrian(寒武纪的)geologic（地质学的）eukaryotic（真核状态的）last（最近的）geologically（从地质上来说）evolved（进化）diversification（多样化）multicellular（多细胞的）paleontologists（古生物学家）interpretation（解释）fossilize（使成化石）exclusively（专门地）site（位置）descendant（后代）slide（滑落）favor（促成）predator（食肉动物）detritus（岩屑）algae（海藻）arthropod（节肢动物）mite（螨虫）crab（螃蟹）zoologist（动物学家）niche（生态位，一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位）pose（提出）discourage（阻碍）Powering the Industrial Revolutiondramatic （巨大的）harness（利用）windmill（风车）textile（纺织品）steam（蒸汽）piston（活塞）cylinder（圆柱体，汽缸）atmospheric pressure（大气压）condense（使浓缩）vacuum（真空）reciprocating（a.往复的，来回的）rotary（旋转的，循环的）illumination(照明)millennium（一千年）charcoal（木炭）ore（矿石）retained（保持）multiply（使增加）canal（运河）turnpike（公路）hilly terrain（多山的地带）ingredient（成分，因素）laden（a.负重的，载满的）wagon（四轮的运货马车）flanged（带凸缘的）haul（拖，拉）stationary（不动的，静止的）William Smithroam（漫游，闲逛）apprentice（当学徒）parish（教区）proceed（继续）excavate（挖掘）canal（运河）outcrop（露出地面的岩层）revealed（露出的）strata（地层）coach（长途客运汽车）meticulously （异常细致地）catalog（编目录）calculate（估计）quartz（石英）ion（离子）Pleistocene（更新世的）shale（页岩）sandstone（砂岩）endure（长时间忍受）temporal（时间的）limestone（石灰岩）Jurassic（侏罗纪的）trilobite（三叶虫）ubiquitous（普遍存在的）arthropod（截肢动物）Infantile Amnesiainfantile(a.婴儿期的) amnesia(记忆缺失)scanty（a.缺乏的）distinctive（有特色的，与众不同的）sibling（n.兄弟，姐妹）enduring（a.持久的）repression（n.压抑）episode（情节，片段）toddler（初学走路的孩子）physiological（生理学的）psychological(心理学的)retrieve（回忆）explicit（明确的）verbal（言语的）extract（提取）gist（要点）verbalizable（可用言辞表达的）incompatibility（n.不两立，不相容）encode（把……编码）mismatch（n.不匹配）verbally（ad.言语上的）exclusive（排斥的）substantiate（证明）thoroughly（彻底地）reject（拒绝）The Geologic History of the MediterraneanMediterranean(地中海)vessel（船，舰）cruise（乘船游览）invertebrate（无脊柱的）domelike（穹顶状的）crystalline（结晶的）pebble（小圆石）gypsum（石膏）fragment（碎片）peculiarity(特性）strait（海峡）crustal（地壳的）evaporate（蒸发）calcium sulfate（硫酸钙）precipitate（沉淀）soluble（可溶的）sodium chloride (salt)（硫化钠）deluge（洪水）adjustment（调整）faulting（断层作用）cascade（倾泻）spectacularly（令人吃惊地）Ancient Rome and Greece cohesiveness(粘合性)peculiarly（ad.特有地）cement（水泥）realm（王国，范围）monolithic（整体的）garrison（守备部队）utterly（ad.完全地）obsession（困扰）cohesion（凝聚力）scattered（a.分散的）territorial（领土的）stark（a.完全的）undeniable（无可否认的）legion（古罗马军团；众多，大量）rural（a.乡村的）engender（造成）virtue（美德）gravitas(n.庄严的举止）infinitely（无限地）worshipper（礼拜者）predisposed（a.倾向于……的）subtlety（狡猾）novelty（新奇的事物）disdain（轻视）debt（债务）moral（道德的）consciously（有意识地）tension（压力）Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples millet(小米)sorghum（高粱）domestic(本国的，家庭的)chariot（马车）savannah（大草原）cavalry（骑兵）empire（帝国）innovation（改革）harsh（严厉的，严酷的）barrier（栅栏）intermediate（中间的）copper（铜）bronze（青铜）metallurgy（冶金学）penetrate（穿过）Nigeria（尼日利亚）Ghana（加纳）Mali（马里）shift（改变，改革）profound（a.深远的）complexity（复杂性）blacksmith（铁匠）hoe（锄）warrior（武士）ritual（宗教的，仪式性的）ingenious（设计独特的）furnace（熔炉）ore（矿物）migration（迁移）archaeologist（考古学家）demographic（a.人口统计学的）THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACAN edifice（宏伟的建筑物）grid（n.网络）metropolis（n.首都，大城市）valley（峡谷）pinpoint（v.确定，精确地定位）shrine（宗教圣地）millennium（n.千年）ingenuity（独创性）foresightedness（先见之明）elite（n.精英）circumstantially（ad.偶然地）coexisted（同时存在）lava（熔岩）rival（竞争对手）modest（中等的）predominant（a.占主导地位的）along with（和……一起）commodity（n.商品）exotic（a.外来的）consciously（有意识地）inhabitant（居民）feedback（反馈）coerce（迫使）EXTINCTION OF THE DINOSAURSpaleontologist（古生物学家）demise（死亡）alteration（改变）plate tectonics（板块构造学）shallow（浅的）geochemical（地球化学的）frigid（寒冷的）buffer（减轻）retreat（后退）crocodile（鳄鱼）torrid（酷热的）at the mercy of（任……摆布）crippled（跛的）conventional（传统的）clay（黏土，泥土）deposit（使沉淀，放置）iridium (lr) （铱）metallic（金属的）preferentially（优先地）meteorite（陨石）microscopic（微小的）bombard（撞击）calculation（计算）asteroid(小行星)fallout（灰尘）inhibit（抑制）photosynthesis（光合作用）disruption（扰乱）eradicate（灭绝）precede（v.在……之前发生）RUNNING WATER ON MARS channel(通道)interconnect（相互连接）merge（融合）resemblance（相似）thicker（较厚的）relic（遗产）relics（崩溃）catastrophic（灾难性的）onrushing（猛冲的，汹涌的）arise from（产生与，起因于）adorn（装饰）delta（三角洲）fan（扇形）crater（火山口）proponent（支持者）conceivably（令人信服地）detractor（诋毁者）Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coastcolonize(殖民)migration（迁移）corridor（走廊）crumble（崩溃）paleoecologist（古生态学家）radiocarbon（放射性碳）persuasively（口才好地）watercraft（水运船只）archaeologist（考古学家）continental shelf（大陆架）submerged（水下的）proponent（支持者）refuge（庇护所）deglaciation（冰消作用）sizable（相当大的）marine（海洋的）mammal（哺乳动物）REFLECTION IN TEACHINGscheme(计划，方案)paucity（缺乏）discipline（准则）void（空隙）abstraction（抽象）utilitarian（功利主义者）reveal（显示，透露）evaluate（评价）contributory（促成的）revise（修改）central（重要的）facilitate（使便利；促进）collaborative（合作的）inconsistency（矛盾）vaguely（含糊地）perceivable（可知觉的）vulnerability（易受伤）unexplored（未知的）externally（ad.在外部）THE ARRIV AL OF PLANT LIFE INHAW AIIvolcano（火山）landmass（大陆）blazing（酷热的）drenching（湿透的）harsh（粗糙的）spore（孢子）breeze（微风）deposit（放置）toehold（不稳定的立足点）forbidding（冷峻的）lichen（地衣）flora（植物群）symbiotic（共生的）alga（水藻）fungus（真菌）molecule（分子）molten（熔化的）fern（蕨类植物）moss（苔藓）crevice（尤指岩石的裂缝）propagate（繁殖）afield（远离着家乡的）sheer（完全的）naked（裸露的）angiosperm（被子植物）wrap（包裹）tempting（诱人的）peach（桃）cherry（樱桃）dandelion（蒲公英）dormant（休眠的）buoyant(有浮力的)remarkably(引人注目地)prolonged（持续很久的）immersion（沉浸）archipelago（群岛）FEEDING HABITS OF EASTAFRICAN HERBIVORESbuffalo(水牛)herbivores（食草动物）illusory(貌似真实的)vegetation（植物）succulent（汁多味美的）sparsely（稀疏地）proportion（比例）extract （提取）gut（肠）derive(从……中获得)metabolic(新陈代谢的）provided that（需要进一步规定时常常使用）fastidious（过分挑剔的）LOIE FULLERdevise（设计）shifting（转变）voluminous（大体积的）wand（棍，棒）costume（戏服）virtuosity（精湛技艺）prestigious（受尊敬的）stint（限制）accord（一致，符合）moral（道德上的）synthesize（综合）leaning（爱好）canvas（帆布）pane（窗玻璃）address（强调）invisibly（看不见地，无形地）agitate（摇动）simulate（模仿）stagecraft（编剧才能）Chinese Potterypottery（陶器）porcelain（瓷器）ceramics（陶器）burial（埋葬）earthenware（土质瓷器）glazed（光滑的，像玻璃的）delineate（勾画，描述）ornament（装饰）tomb（墓穴）instigate（鼓动）cause （促使）ore（矿）muted（温和的）spout（喷口）precisely（精确地）adornment（装饰）obscured（不重要的）religious（宗教的）secular（世俗的）imperial（帝国的）assist（帮助）Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growthreclamation(开垦)spectacular（壮观的）intrinsic（固有的，本身的）cottage（小屋，村舍）ravages（毁坏后的残迹）scant（不足的）remuneration（酬劳）meager（不足的）financiers(金融家)traders（商人）medieval（中世纪的）soap（肥皂）joint-stock（合资的，股份组织的）Variations in the Climateconstitute（构成）immensely（非常，极大地）complicate（使复杂化）interval（间隔时间）appreciably（略微，有一点地）ambient（周围的）annual（每年的）property（特性）nonetheless（虽然如此，但是）intriguing（非常有趣的）striking（显著的）chaotic（混乱的）erratic（不确定的）Orientation and Navigationperplex(使困惑)orient（使确定方向）restless（焦躁不安的）flutter（振翅）overcast（天阴的，多云的）surmise（推测）preposterous（荒谬的）planetarium（天文馆）domelike（穹顶状的）ceiling（天花板）rotate（旋转）magnetism（磁性）sonar（声纳系统）。

托福阅读生物类词汇小结

托福阅读生物类词汇小结2016年托福阅读生物类词汇小结在托福阅读中，考生能够将词汇基础打好，会对自己的`托福阅读文章理解以及托福阅读答题带来很大的帮助。

考生要熟悉常用的核心词汇以及相关的学术词汇。

下面为同学们盘点了可能遇到的生物类的托福阅读词汇，希望可以帮助大家进行新托福阅读的备考。

chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.)光合作用botany植物学botanist 植物学家lichen 地衣,苔藓fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类algae(pl. alga) 海藻bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌organism 有机物rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物mammal 乳类动物reptile 爬行类动物predator 捕食者prey 被捕食者acquatic 水生的artery 动脉vein 静脉fingernail 指甲scale 鳞片claw 爪子horn 角nourish 滋养,供给....营养clam 蚌crab 虾beaver 狸pond 池塘puddle 水坑snail 蜗牛shrimp 虾hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠corn 谷物squash 南瓜bean 豆类植物nectar花蜜pollen花粉hive 蜂巢moss 苔藓hibernate 冬眠penguin 企鹅reef 礁coral 珊瑚beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母larvae 幼虫tadpole 蝌蚪caterpillar 毛虫grasshopper 蚱蜢toad 蟾蜍。

托福写作动物食物类常用词总结分享

托福写作动物食物类常用词总结分享托福写作常用词分类汇总：动物类伙伴 n. paons人类 man/ humans/ the human race/ humaty/ humankind/ Ho sapiens n.&vt. abuse替代物 n. replacement= alternatives爆发的传染病 n. epidemic囚禁 n. captivity动物 n. creatures驱散我们的寂寞 drive off our loneliness表现很乖的 adj. well-behed保护 vt. preserve栖息地 n. habitat残忍的 adj. brutal/ callous/ merciless/ inhuman/ ruthless生物多样性 n. biodiversity濒危动物 endangered species兽皮 n. hide兽毛 n. fur制药 pharmaceutical pany生物医学研究 bXXedical research临床的 adj. clical实验室 n. laboratory(用实验、仪器等的)模拟 n. sXXlation动物权益保护主义者 amal right activists医学研究 medical research残忍的 adj. cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal活体解剖 n. vivisectionn. anesthetic减轻动物的relieve/ alleviate/ ease amals’ pain宠物是主人的伙伴pets are their masters’ paons给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and fort偷猎 v. ach某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacements/ substXXtes/ alternatives forsth.托福写作常用词分类汇总：食物类味道好的 adj. tasty风味 n. flor香味儿 n. aroma超级好吃的 adj. scrumptious美味食品 n. delicacy地道的，正宗的 adj. authentic多样性 n. variety有机的 adj. orgac摄入量 n. intake……的摄入过多excessive intake of …肥胖症 obesity冠心病 coronary heart disease (CHD)油腻的 adj. greasy食品卫生 food hygiene奶制品 dairy products缺乏运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle很不健康的外卖或者速冻食品 TV dinner糖尿病 n. diabetes心血管疾病 cardiovascular disease营养不良的 adj. malnourished无法的病 incurable disease治疗 n. treatment治疗 n. therapy营养成分构成表 nutrition fact有营养的 adj. nutritious/ nourishing素食主义者 n. vegetarian冷冻食品 frozen food罐装食品 canned food让人发胖的 adj. fatteng控制饮食 watch your diet食品，小物品 n. groceries低热量的 adj. low-calorie低脂肪的 adj. low-fat低胆固醇的 adj. low-cholesterol以不破坏健康的速度去减肥 lose weight at a healthy pace 钙 n. calcium高纤维 n. high in fiber发胖 gain weight超重的 adj. overweight慢性病 chroc diseases(疾病的)症状 n. symptoms虚弱的 adj. feeble对于某种饮食或者物品上瘾的人 n. junkie菜系 n. cuisine某种菜的制作方法 recipe饿得不行了的 adj. starving保持健康 keep fit精力充沛的 adj. invigorated原料 n. ingredient饮料 n. beverage有益健康的 adj. XXlesome/ healthy均衡的饮食 balanced diet饮食习惯 dietary habits主食;主要的 n.&adj. staple厨具 cooking utensils餐具 eating utensils西式餐具 n. silverware过敏 n. allergy碳水化合物 n. carbohydrate蛋白质 n. protein维生素 n. vitamin矿物质 n. mineral微量园素 trace elements对……提供补充 vt. supplementDo you agree or dXXgree with the following statement: It is better torelax bya vie or reading a book than doing physical exercise.托福写作模板：英文例文Preference in methods of relaxation varies from person to person. Angthese methods, staying indoors and reading or watching a vie is re pularthan going outside and doing physical exercise. As for me, I prefer relaxing byreading a book and watching a vie.Reading books or watching vies helps me relax physically. My days arebusy with fishing all of my work, muting to my office on the other side ofthe city, , and doing household chores that I do not he much time or energy toexercise. However, openg a book or playing a vie helps me slow down andrestore my vitality. For example, when I read or watch a vie, I can sit backon a sofa or recline in bed. In this way, my muscles can rest. In contrast, whe exercise, I by no means rest or relax my body. In addition, I he to addwashing my workout clothes to my already long list of chores.Reading books and watching vies also helps me relax mentally. The tedioueetings, repeated routines and limited new tasks of my job makes me mentallyexhausted. At these ments I like to enjoy an interesting story from a book ora faus vie. Then, all of the disturbing feelings, like boredom anddepression, go away and I e away feeling inspired. For instance, I rXXntlyread the Biography of Steve Jobs and learned how this leader conueredadversity. In one of my forite vies, The Shawshank Redemption, the mainracter Andy shows that no matter what difficulty we may confront, as long aswe keep hope in our hearts, all the pressure will pass and the sun will stillshine torrow.Admittedly, exercising can help us relax to some degree. Football matcheswith co-workers, playing badminton in the backyard with family, and even abasketball game with some strangers could provide an escape from daily stress.However, viewed from a different perspective, doing physical activity has sometential risks. Forinstance, it is not unn to hear that people getphysical injuries during physical exercise. What is worse, even some people hedied suddenly from overstress their already tired bodies during exercise.In conclusion, even though doing srts sometimes makes me feel rerelaxed, I prefer reading a book or watching a vie when I t to relax.一、可以先表明自己的立场，再阐述原因Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish largebureaucracies，but bureaucracy is far re damaging to a business than it is toa government.Contrary to the statement’s premise， my view is that businesses are lesslikely than government to establish large bureaucracies， bXXuse businesses knowthat they are re vulnerable than government to damage resulting frombureaucratic inefficiencies. My sition is well suprted by n sense andby observation.二、比较新颖、有创意的开头“As technologies and the demand for certain services nge， many workerswill lose their jobs. The resnsibility for those people to adjust to suchnge should belong to the individual worker， not to government or tobusiness.As a saying goes，“God helps those help themselves”， which is true in stcases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by thetechnological and market nges are concerned， I believe the government and thebusiness certainly he an unshakable resnsibility to take.三、可以适当的复述一下题目，然后稍作让步，再表达自己的观点和立场“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests，their leisure activities， even their appearance way from the work place.”The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests，recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personallives of some people are largely determined by their work， in my view it wouldbe a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation， the extent towhich occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work， andhow central the work is to one’s sense of self.“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we areinfluenced by the exterior shape of buildings， as well as by the arrangement ofmultiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aestheticelements. While I doubt that buildings determine our racter or basicpersonality traits， I agree that they can greatly influence our attXXdes，ods， and even life styles.四、新托福写作可以以提问方式开头，阐述自己的观点，再表明自己的立场“As technologies and the demand for certain services nge， many workerswill lose their jobs. The resnsibility for those people to adjust to suchnge should belong to the individual worker，not to government or tobusiness.”As technology and nging social needs render re and re jobs obsolete，XX is resnsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals heprimary resnsibility for learng new skills and finding work， both industryand government he some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.。

托福分类词汇(可编辑)

天使的托福分类词汇打印版part 1. 天文类： 1part 2. 地理类： 2part 3. 地质类： 3part 4. 考古，人类 3part 5 生态类 4part 6 气象类 4part 8 物理类 5part 9 数学类 6part 10 农业类7part 11 动物类8part 12 植物类9part 13 政治类10 part 14 教育类10 part 15 音乐类11 part 16 心理类11 part 17 人物类111 ASTRONOMY 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪2 GEOGRAPHY 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石3 geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变4 anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5 ECOLOGY 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes （有毒）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝6 meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7 chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis （复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品8 PHYSICS物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify （动词）放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光（学）的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9 mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数，小数decimal 十进制，（十进）小数digit 数字，数字percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数（或符号）equation 方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的n. 并行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形，矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的，数量的qualitative 质的，品质的deduction (inference) 推论，演绎induction 归纳10 agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot （patch）小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 番瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay （作饲料用）干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖11 ANIMAL 动物Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软件动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖multiply （reproduce）繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的12 PLANT 植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk （干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13 POLITICS 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合14 EDUCATION 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德质量domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科，管理learn by rote 死记硬背15 MUSIC音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚，跺脚percussion 震荡，打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16 PSYCHOLOGY 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断subject 受实验物件17 PEOPLE 人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格，体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的，奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的，不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的，无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的，情感的sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的，无生命力的patriarchal 家长的，族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的，（物体）多功能的household 家庭的，家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的，神nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的11。

托福阅读生物及社会科学词汇

托福阅读生物及社会科学词汇1)生物类chlorophyll 叶绿素（chlor 氯phyll 叶子）amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质（prot原始）nitrogen 氮（nitr 氮）photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用botany植物学（bot植物）botanist 植物学家lichen 地衣,苔藓fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类algae(pl. alga) 海藻｝bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌organism 有机物rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物mammal 哺乳类动物reptile 爬行类动物predator 捕食者prey 被捕食者acquatic 水生的artery 动脉vein 静脉fingernail 指甲scale 鳞片claw 爪子horn 角nourish 滋养,供给....营养clam 蚌crab 虾beaver 狸pond 池塘puddle 水坑snail 蜗牛shrimp 虾hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠corn 谷物squash 南瓜bean 豆类植物nectar花蜜pollen花粉hive 蜂巢moss 苔藓hibernate 冬眠penguin 企鹅reef 礁coral 珊瑚beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母larvae 幼虫tadpole 蝌蚪caterpillar 毛虫grasshopper 蚱蜢toad 蟾蜍herbicide 除草剂secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell 大概意思相同,都有"气味"的意思,幸亏不是GRE,hehe)roe 鱼卵caviar 鱼子酱raccoon 浣熊gland 腺体cricket 蟋蟀2)文学.艺术gossip 闲谈rumor 传闻,谣言comic a.使人发笑的 a comic song b.喜剧的 a comic opera poetic 诗意的,诗的narrative 叙事的irony 讽刺vignette 小品文sermon 训诫,说道astute 精明的,狡黠的observation 观察,观测/评论prospector 探矿者beacon 烽火/灯塔,灯标prodigious 惊人的,奇妙的protagonist 主人公despise 鄙视opera 歌剧symphony 交响乐chamber music 室内音乐oratorio 清唱剧soloist 独唱者vogue 时尚,流行choral society 合唱团wane 变小,减少libel 诽谤pretentious 自命不凡的contemporary artistic development 当代艺术发展vibranay 活跃metropolis 大都市linger 徘徊relic 遗迹,废墟discern 看出,识别mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产humanitarian 人道主义者philanthropist 慈善家repertoire 戏目dialect 方言mural 壁画sanctuany 神殿anthen 国歌constellation 星座3.)科技,工程antanna 天线synchronous(adj.) synchronize(v.) 同步revolution 革命/旋转,绕转disparage 贬抑,藐视barrel 桶sail 帆wing 翼paddle 桨hoop 铁环flap 垂下物meteorologically 气象学meteorologist 气象学家precipitation 降水 (几种形式:rain 下雨 hail 冰雹 sleet 雨夹托福阅读关键五类词汇序：托福阅读主题共有38个，其中科技类中天文学、地质学、建筑学、环境与生物学是高频考点，广大考生应认真准备，背熟相关字就是一个好办法，道正老师认为这种方法是很重要的。

托福听力动物微生物类讲座必考词汇

托福听力动物/微生物类讲座必考词汇本文是托福听力动物/微生物类讲座必考词汇供大家学习使用。

托福听力动物/微生物类讲座必考词汇动物微生物Whale鲸Fossil化石remainsHippopotamus----Hippo河马Carnivore食肉动物Herbivore食草动物Omnivore杂食动物marsupial有袋动物amphibian两栖动物reptile爬行动物Mammal哺乳动物vertebratecold-blooded animalwarm-blooded animalMetabolism 新陈代谢queen蜂王drone 雄蜂worker bees工蜂Colony种群Hive蜂巢Mate 配偶Nectar花蜜Pollen花粉gills鳃SQUID 鱿鱼;乌贼sac囊convergent evolution趋同进化Octopus章鱼Imitation 拟态Chromatophores 色素细胞sepia乌贼墨Distraction display 迷惑表演Displacement activity 换位行为Hatch 孵化Migration 飞行中的空气动力学Aerodynamics 空气动力学动物听觉器官及机理Echolocation蝙蝠Eardrum青蛙auditory canal 鸟Film 蝗虫Symbiosis共生Mutualism 互利共生Commensalism 偏利共生Parasitism寄生Klepto-parasitism偷窃寄生Cell 细胞prokaryotic cell 原核细胞eukaryotic cell 真核细胞Protozoa 原生动物Unicellular organism 单细胞生物multicellular organism 多细胞生物nucleoid 拟核。

托福写作动物食物类常用词总结分享

托福写作动物食物类常用词总结分享很多时候考生遇到的问题并非没有写作思路，而是想到了某些内容却无法很好地用英语表述出来。

下面就和大家分享托福写作词汇分类汇总动物食物类常用词总结，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福写作词汇分类汇总动物食物类常用词总结分享托福写作常用词分类汇总：动物类伙伴n. companions人类man/ humans/ the human race/ humanity/ humankind/ Homo sapiens虐待n.vt. abuse替代物n. replacement= alternatives爆发的传染病n. epidemic囚禁n. captivity动物n. creatures驱散我们的寂寞drive off our loneliness表现很乖的adj. well-behaved保护vt. preserve栖息地n. habitat残忍的adj. brutal/ callous/ merciless/ inhuman/ ruthless 生物多样性n. biodiversity濒危动物endangered species兽皮n. hide兽毛n. fur制药公司pharmaceutical company生物医学研究biomedical research临床的adj. clinical实验室n. laboratory(用实验、仪器等的)模拟n. simulation动物权益保护主义者animal right activists医学研究medical research残忍的adj. cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal活体解剖n. vivisection麻醉n. anesthetic减轻动物的痛苦relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals’ pain宠物是主人的伙伴pets are their masters’ companions给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort偷猎v. poach某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth.托福写作常用词分类汇总：食物类味道好的adj. tasty风味n. flavor香味儿n. aroma超级好吃的adj. scrumptious美味食品n. delicacy地道的，正宗的adj. authentic多样性n. variety有机的adj. organic摄入量n. intake……的摄入过多excessive intake of …肥胖症obesity冠心病coronary heart disease (CHD)油腻的adj. greasy食品卫生food hygiene奶制品dairy products缺乏运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle 很不健康的外卖或者速冻食品TV dinner 糖尿病n. diabetes心血管疾病cardiovascular disease营养不良的adj. malnourished无法治愈的病incurable disease治疗n. treatment治疗n. therapy营养成分构成表nutrition fact有营养的adj. nutritious/ nourishing素食主义者n. vegetarian冷冻食品frozen food罐装食品canned food让人发胖的adj. fattening控制饮食watch your diet食品，小物品n. groceries低热量的adj. low-calorie低脂肪的adj. low-fat低胆固醇的adj. low-cholesterol以不破坏健康的速度去减肥lose weight at a healthy pace 钙n. calcium高纤维n. high in fiber发胖gain weight超重的adj. overweight慢性病chronic diseases(疾病的)症状n. symptoms虚弱的adj. feeble对于某种饮食或者物品上瘾的人n. junkie 菜系n. cuisine某种菜的制作方法recipe饿得不行了的adj. starving保持健康keep fit精力充沛的adj. invigorated原料n. ingredient饮料n. beverage有益健康的adj. wholesome/ healthy均衡的饮食balanced diet饮食习惯dietary habits主食;主要的n.adj. staple。

托福口语中动物相关总结

托福口语中动物相关总结一、动物在托福口语中的常见话题类型在托福口语里呀，关于动物的话题那可不少呢。

比如说会问到你最喜欢的动物是啥，这个时候就可以把自己对某个动物的独特情感和了解都倒出来。

还有可能问动物对人类社会的作用，像有些动物能帮我们干活，像牛能耕地，马能驮东西啥的。

也会问关于保护动物的问题，毕竟现在很多动物都面临着危险呢。

二、描述动物的常用词汇和表达1. 形容动物外貌的词儿Cute（可爱的），这个词可万能了，像小兔子、小猫咪都能用这个词来形容，考官一听就知道这个动物很招人喜欢。

Furry（毛茸茸的），像小狗、小松鼠那种身上毛很多的动物就可以这么说。

Slender（苗条的），比如说蛇或者一些比较纤细的小动物就可以用这个词。

2. 描述动物习性的表达Nocturnal（夜行性的），像猫头鹰这种晚上活动的动物就可以说它是nocturnal。

Migratory（迁徙性的），很多鸟类都会迁徙，比如大雁，说它们是migratory就很准确。

Herbivorous（食草的）或者Carnivorous（食肉的），这能很清楚地表明动物的饮食习性。

三、举例说明如何回答动物相关问题要是问你最喜欢的动物，你可以这么说：“我最喜欢小熊猫啦，它超级cute，身上的毛是那种红褐色的，看起来特别暖和。

而且它动作慢悠悠的，特别有趣。

小熊猫还是herbivorous动物呢，主要吃竹子。

它住在树林里，虽然现在小熊猫的数量也在减少，但是人们也在努力保护它们呢。

”要是问动物对人类的作用，就可以说：“马对人类的贡献可大啦。

在以前，马是人们重要的交通工具，能驮着人或者货物走很远的路。

而且马还能在战争中发挥作用，骑兵在历史上可是很厉害的呢。

现在虽然马作为交通工具的作用小了，但是在一些地方马还是用来干活，像拉马车之类的，另外马还可以用来娱乐，像赛马呀。

”。

托福写作动物食物类常用词总结分享

托福写作动物食物类常用词总结分享许多时候考生遇到的问题并非没有写作思路，而是想到了某些内容却无法很好地用英语表述出来。

下面我就和大家共享托福写作词汇分类汇总动物食物类常用词总结，盼望能够协助到大家，来观赏一下吧。

托福写作词汇分类汇总动物食物类常用词总结共享托福写作常用词分类汇总：动物类伙伴n. companions人类man/ humans/ the human race/ humanity/ humankind/ Homo sapiens虐待n.vt. abuse替代物n. replacement= alternatives爆发的传染病n. epidemic囚禁n. captivity动物n. creatures驱散我们的孤独drive off our loneliness表现很乖的adj. well-behaved爱护vt. preserve栖息地n. habitat残忍的adj. brutal/ callous/ merciless/ inhuman/ ruthless生物多样性n. biodiversity濒危动物endangered species兽皮n. hide兽毛n. fur制药公司pharmaceutical company生物医学探究biomedical research临床的adj. clinical试验室n. laboratory(用试验、仪器等的)模拟n. simulation动物权益爱护主义者animal right activists医学探究medical research残忍的adj. cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal活体解剖n. vivisection麻醉n. anesthetic减轻动物的苦痛relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals’ pain宠物是主子的伙伴pets are their masters’ companions给主子心理劝慰afford their masters consolation and comfort偷猎v. poach某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth.托福写作常用词分类汇总：食物类味道好的adj. tasty风味n. flavor香味儿n. aroma超级好吃的adj. scrumptious美味食品n. delicacy地道的，正宗的adj. authentic多样性n. variety有机的adj. organic摄入量n. intake……的摄入过多excessive intake of …肥胖症obesity冠心病coronary heart disease (CHD)油腻的adj. greasy食品卫生food hygiene奶制品dairy products缺乏运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle 很不安康的外卖或者速冻食品TV dinner 糖尿病n. diabetes心血管疾病cardiovascular disease养分不良的adj. malnourished无法治愈的病incurable disease治疗n. treatment治疗n. therapy养分成分构成表nutrition fact有养分的adj. nutritious/ nourishing素食主义者n. vegetarian冷冻食品frozen food罐装食品canned food让人发胖的adj. fattening限制饮食watch your diet食品，小物品n. groceries低热量的adj. low-calorie低脂肪的adj. low-fat低胆固醇的adj. low-cholesterol以不破坏安康的速度去减肥lose weight at a healthy pace 钙n. calcium高纤维n. high in fiber发胖gain weight超重的adj. overweight慢性病chronic diseases(疾病的)病症n. symptoms虚弱的adj. feeble对于某种饮食或者物品上瘾的人n. junkie菜系n. cuisine某种菜的制作方法recipe饿得不行了的adj. starving保持安康keep fit精力充足的adj. invigorated原料n. ingredient饮料n. beverage有益安康的adj. wholesome/ healthy均衡的饮食balanced diet饮食习惯dietary habits主食;主要的n.adj. staple厨具cooking utensils餐具eating utensils西式餐具n. silverware过敏n. allergy碳水化合物n. carbohydrate蛋白质n. protein维生素n. vitamin矿物质n. mineral微量元素trace elements对……供应补充vt. supplement托福写作模板：看电影看书放松比做运动更好吗Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is better to relax by a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercise.托福写作模板：英文例文Preference in methods of relaxation varies from person to person.Among these methods, staying indoors and reading or watching a movie is more popular than going outside and doing physical exercise. As for me, I prefer relaxing by reading a book and watching a movie.Reading books or watching movies helps me relax physically. My days are busy with finishing all of my work, commuting to my office on the other side of the city, , and doing household chores that I do not have much time or energy to exercise. However, opening a book or playing a movie helps me slow down and restore my vitality. For example, when I read or watch a movie, I can sit back on a sofa or recline in bed. In this way, my muscles can rest. In contrast, when I exercise, I by no means rest or relax my body. In addition, I have to add washing my workout clothes to my already long list of chores.Reading books and watching movies also helps me relax mentally. The tedious meetings, repeated routines and limited new tasks of my job makes me mentally exhausted. At these moments I like to enjoy an interesting story from a book or a famous movie. Then, all of the disturbing feelings, like boredom and depression, go away and I come away feeling inspired. For instance, I recently read the Biography of Steve Jobs and learned how this leader conquered adversity. In one of my favorite movies, The Shawshank Redemption, the main character Andy shows that no matter what difficulty we may confront, as long as we keep hope in our hearts, all the pressure will pass and the sun will stillshine tomorrow.Admittedly, exercising can help us relax to some degree. Football matches with co-workers, playing badminton in the backyard with family, and even a basketball game with some strangers could provide an escape from daily stress. However, viewed from a different perspective, doing physical activity has some potential risks. For instance, it is not uncommon to hear that people get physical injuries during physical exercise. What is worse, even some people have died suddenly from overstress their already tired bodies during exercise.In conclusion, even though doing sports sometimes makes me feel more relaxed, I prefer reading a book or watching a movie when I want to relax.托福写作模板4大开篇方法教你如何起头一、可以先说明自己的立场，再阐述缘由Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies，but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.Contrary to the statement’s premise，my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies，because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.二、比拟新奇、有创意的开头“As technologies and the demand for certain services change，many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker，not to government or to business.As a saying goes，“God helps those help themselves”，which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned，I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.三、可以适当的复述一下题目，然后稍作让步，再表达自己的观点和立场“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests，their leisure activities，even their appearance way from the work place.”The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests，recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personal lives of some people are largely determined by their work，in my view it would be a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation，the extent to which occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work，and how central the work is to one’s sense of self.“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings，as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits，I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes，moods，and even life styles.四、新托福写作可以以提问方式开头，阐述自己的观点，再说明自己的立场“As technologies and the demand for certain services change，many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker，not to government or to business.”As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete，who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work，both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.。

托福听力词汇分类-动物学

adaptation / 7AdAp5teiFEn / 适应 adder / 5AdE / 小毒蛇alga / 5Al^E / (复数algae)藻类 alligator / 5Ali^eitE / 美洲鳄amphibian / Am5fibiEn / 两栖动物 amphibian / Am5fibiEn / 两栖动物anatomy / E5nAtEmi / 解剖学 ancestry / 5Ansistri / 系谱，血统animal adaptation / 7AdAp5teiFEn / 动物适应性 animal cognition / kC^5niFEn / 动物的认知能力animals communicate / kE5mju:nikeit / 动物交往antenna / An5tenE / 触须(复数antennae)anthropoid / 5AnWrEpCid / 类人猿 aquarium / E5kwZEriEm / 养鱼池aquatic / E5kwAtik / 水生的, 水栖的 arachnid / E5rAknid / 蜘蛛类的节肢动物armor / 5B:mE / 甲 artery / 5B:tEri / 动脉asymmetric / AsI5metrIk / 不对称 auk / C:k /海雀baboon / bE5bu:n / 狒狒 bacteria / bAk5tiEriE / 细菌balance / 5bAlEns / 生态平衡 bat / bAt /蝙蝠beak / bi:k / 喙,鸟嘴 beast / bi:st / 兽beaver / 5bi:vE / 水獭 biological vacuum / baiE5lCdVikEl / 生物演变真空期biologist / bai5ClEdVist / 生物学家 bivalve / 5baivAlv / 双壳类blood cell / blQd / 血液细胞 brant / brAnt / 黑雁breed / bri:d / （名词）品种；（动物）繁殖 buffalo / 5bQfElEu / 美洲野牛burrow / 5bQrEu / 洞穴 canary / kE5nZEri / 金丝雀carnivore / 5kB:nivC: / 食肉动物 carnivorous / kB:5nivErEs / 食肉类的carrion crow / 5kAriEn / 吃腐肉的乌鸦 caterpillar / 5kAtEpilE / 毛虫caviar / 5kAviB: / 鱼子酱 centipede / 5sentipi:d / 蜈蚣chameleon / kE5mi:ljEn / 变色龙 chemical composition / kCmpE5ziFEn / 化学成分chimpanzee / 5tFimpEn5zi: / 黑猩猩 chipmunk / 5tFIpmQNk / 花栗鼠chirp / tFE:p / 唧唧喳喳叫 cicada / si5keidE / 蝉circulatory system / s\:kjJ5leItErI / 循环系统 clam / klAm / 蛤蜊claw / klC: / 爪子 cobra / 5kEubrE / 眼镜蛇cockroach / 5kCkrEutF / 蟑螂 cocoon / kE5ku:n / (蚕)茧；(昆虫的)卵袋 coelenterate / si5lentEreit / 腔肠动物 cold-blooded / kEJld5blQdId / 冷血cold-blooded animal / / 冷血动物 compound eye / 5kCmpaund / 复眼coral / 5kCrEl / 珊瑚 crab / krAb / 蟹crane / krein / 鹤 crayfish / 5kreIfIF / 淡水小龙虾，蝲蛄cricket / 5krikit / 蟋蟀 crocodile / 5krCkEdail / 鳄鱼crow / krEu / 鸦 Darwinism / 5dB:winizEm / 达尔文学说degeneration / dIdVenE5reIF(E)n / 退化 die out / dai / 灭绝digestion / di5dVestFEn / 消化 digestive enzyme / 5enzaIm / 消化酶digestive system / di5dVestiv / 消化系统 dinosaur / 5dainEsC: / 恐龙diving / 5daiviN / 潜水 dolphin / 5dClfin / 海豚domesticate / dE5mestikeit / 驯养 eagle / 5i:^l / 鹰earthworm / 5\:Ww\:m / 蚯蚓 echolocation / ekEJlEJ5keIF(E)n / 声波定位ecologist / i5kClEdVist / 生态学家 ecology / i(:)5kClEdVi / 生态学ecosystem / i:kE5sistEm / 生态系统 eel / i:l /鳗鲡eland / 5i:lEnd / 大羚羊 electric fish / I5lektrIk / 发电鱼endangered species / In`deIndVEd / 濒危物种 Entomology / entEu5mClEdVi / 昆虫学environment / in5vaiErEnmEnt / 环境 evolution / 7i:vE5lu:FEn / 进化excretory system / eks5kri:tEri / 排泄系统 exposure / iks5pEuVE / 暴露extinction / iks5tiNkFEn / 灭绝 falcon / 5fAlkEn / 猎鹰fang / fAN / 毒牙 fauna / 5fC:nE / 动物群feather / 5feTE / 羽毛，翎毛 fertilize / 5f\:tIlaIz / 使…受精；施肥finch / fintF / 雀(如燕雀、金翅雀等) flock / flCk / 羊群fluffy / `flQfI / 茸毛似的 food chain / tFein / 食物链form-changing animal 变形动物 fowl / faul /家禽frog / frC^ / 青蛙 fuzzy / 5fQzi / 有茸毛的genetics / dVi5netiks / 遗传学 genus / 5dVi:nEs / 种类glue-like 胶状 golden eagle / 5i:^l / 鹫gorilla / ^E5rilE / 大猩猩 grasshopper / 5^rB:shRpE(r) / 蚂蚱greasy / 5^ri:si / 多脂的 gregarious (social) / ^re5^ZEriEs /群居的habitat / 5hAbitAt / 栖息地 hair / hZE /毛发hatch / hAtF / 孵化 hawk / hC:k / 鹰herbivore / 5hE:bivC: / 食草动物 herbivorous / hE:5bivErEs / 食草的herd / hE:d / 兽群 heredity / hi5rediti / 遗传hibernation / 5haibEneit / 冬眠 hide / haid / 兽皮hive / haiv / 蜂巢 homotherm / `hEJmEW\:m / 恒温动物hopper / 5hCpE / 单足跳者；跳虫〔如跳蚤、干酪蛆等） hormonal system / hR:`mEJnEl /内分泌系统hormone / 5hC:mEun / 荷尔蒙，激素 horn / hC:n / 角hornet / 5hC:nit / 大黄蜂 hump / hQmp / 驼峰ingestion / in5dVestFEn / 摄食 insect / 5insekt / 昆虫insecticide / in5sektisaid / 杀虫剂 invertebrate / in5vE:tibrit / 无脊椎动物jaw / dVC: / 颚 jellyfish / 5dVelIfIF / 水母larva / 5lB:vE / 幼虫；幼体（复数lavae ） lizard / 5lizEd / 蜥蜴lobster / 5lCbstE / 龙虾 mammal / 5mAmEl / 哺乳动物mandible / 5mAndibl / 下颚, 下颚骨 mantis / 5mAntis / 螳螂marine biology / mE5ri:n / 海洋生物学 mate / meit / 交配metamorphosis / 7metE5mC:fEsis /变形 microbe / 5maIkrEJb / 微生物migrate / mai5^reit / 迁移 migratory / 5mai^rEtEri / 迁移的molecule / 5mClikju:l / 分子 mollusk / 5mClEsk / 软体动物molt / mEult / 脱毛 monogamous / mC5nC^EmEs / 一雌一雄的；单配的 moose / mu:s / 驼鹿 moth / mCW / 蛾子multiply / 5mQltipli / 繁殖 mutation / mju(:)5teiFEn / 变种natural selection 自然选择 nerve / nE:v / 神经nest / nest / 筑巢 nestle nit / nit / 幼虫，卵octopus / 5CktEpEs / 章鱼 offspring (young) / 5RfsprIN / 后代omnivorous / Cm5nivErEs / 杂食的 order / 5C:dE / 目organ / 5C:^En / 器官 Ornithology / 7C:ni5WClEdVi / 鸟类学osprey / 5RspreI / 鱼鹰 ostrich / 5 CstritF / 鸵鸟otter / 5CtE / 水獭 owl / Eul / 猫头鹰oyster / 5CistE / 牡蛎 paleontologist 古生物学家 paleontology / 7pAliCn5tClEdVi / 古生物学 parasite / 5pArEsait / 寄生虫peck / pek / 啄 penguin / 5peN^win / 企鹅perch / pE:tF / （鸟）飞落；暂栖 pest / pest / 害虫pesticide / 5pestisaid / 杀虫剂 plankton / 5plANkt(E)n / 浮游生物poikilotherm / pCi5kilEuWE:m / 冷血动物 polyandrous / 7 pCli5AndrEs / 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的 prairie dog / 5prZEri / 草原土拨鼠，草原犬鼠 prawn / prC:n / 对虾predator / 5predEtE / 食肉动物 predatory / 5predEtEri / 食肉的prey / prei / 被捕食的动物（动词捕食） primate / 5praimit / 灵长类动物 pupa / 5pju:pE / 蛹 raccoon / rE5ku:n / 浣熊rattlesnake / 5rAt(E)lsneIk / 响尾蛇 raven / 5reivEn / 大乌鸦regeneration / ri7dVenE5reiFEn / 再生 reproduce / 7ri:prE5dju:s / 繁殖reproductive system / 5ri:prE5dQktiv / 生殖系统 reptile / 5reptail / 爬行动物respiration / 7respi5reiFEn / 呼吸 respiratory system / ris5paiErEtEri / 呼吸系统rhinoceros / rai5nCsErEs / 犀牛 robin / 5rCbin / 知更鸟 rodent / 5rEudEnt / 啮齿动物 ruminant / 5ru:minEnt / 反刍动物 salamander / 5sAlEmAndE / 蝾螈 scale / skeil / 鳞片 scorpion / 5skC:piEn / 蝎子 scuba / 5sku:bE / 水下呼吸器 sea-urchin / 5E:tFin / 海胆 secretion / si5kri:FEn / 分泌；分泌物 shell / Fel / 壳 shrimp / Frimp / 小虾 skeleton / 5skelitEn / 骨骼，骷髅 slothful / 5slEJWfJl / 懒惰的 snail / sneil / 蜗牛 solitary / 5sClitEri / 独居 spawn / spC:n / 卵；产卵 species / 5spi:Fiz / 物种 specimen / 5spesimin / 标本 speciology / 7spi:Fi5ClEdVi / 物种学 spider / 5spaidE / 蜘蛛 spinal cord / 5spainl / 脊椎spine / spain / 脊骨 spineless / 5spainlis / 无脊骨的spleen / spli:n / 脾 sponge / spQndV / 海绵squid / skwid / 鱿鱼 squirrel / 5skwirEl / 松鼠starfish / 5stB:fiF / 海星 sting / stiN / 针, 刺, 螫stork / stC:k / 鹳 stun / stQn / 使晕倒suborder / 5sQb7C:dE / 亚目 survival / sE5vaivEl / 生存swarm / swC:m / 蜂群 symbiosis / simbai5Eusis / 共生现象symbiotic / 7simbai5Ctik / 共生的 symmetry / 5simitri / 对称tadpole / 5tAdpEul / 蝌蚪 tentacle / 5tentEkl / 触须tissue / 5tisju: / 组织 toad / tEud / 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆 toe / tEu / 趾 trap / trAp / 诱捕turtle / 5tE:tl / 海龟 tyrannosaurus / tIrAnE5sC:rEs / 暴龙unfertilized eggs / 5Qn5fE:tilaizd / 未受精的卵 variation / 7vZEri5eiFEn / 变异；变体venom / 5venEm / 毒液 vertebrate / 5vE:tibrit / 脊椎动物vestige / 5vestidV / 退化的器官 victim / 5viktim / 牺牲者，受害者 viper / 5vaipE / 蝰蛇 vitamin / 5vaitEmin / 维生素vulture / 5vQltFE(r) / 秃鹫 warm-blooded animal / wC:m5blQdId /温血动物wasp / wCsp / 黄蜂 whale / weil / 鯨wild life / waild / 野生 wing / wiN / 翅膀worm / wE:m / 虫 Zoology / zEu5ClEdVi / 动物学。

TOEFL阅读词汇分类(1)

Animalcamouflage: 隐藏，伪装den:兽穴，洞穴sustains:支撑，撑住，维持，持续hibernate:冬眠innovation:革新，改革，创新skinny:极瘦的，皮包骨的toothpick:牙签inspector:检查员，视察员infrared:红外线的；红外线whereas:然而，反之，鉴于，尽管，但是mollusk:软体动物oyster:牡蛎，耗squid:乌贼，鱿鱼，章鱼octopuses:章鱼，鱿鱼grab:攫取，抓取rhino:1.（俚语）钞票，钱2.犀牛trophy:奖品，奖杯shrink: vt&vi.收缩，压缩；退缩，畏惧n.心理学家，精神病专家target:目标，靶子poacher:煮锅，浅碟,偷猎者smuggling:走私lizard:蜥蜴iguana:鬣鳞蜥antler: 1.鹿角2.角枝bladder: 囊，膀胱endorse: vt.1.(商业)在背面签字2.赞同，认可，支持3.写评论，批注4.在驾驶证上记录违规操作5.在广告上使用并且赞同某商品lucrative: 获利多的diversity: 多样化的；分歧Weatherprecipitation:仓促region:区域，地域dense:密集，稠密，厚重，愚钝的condense:（气体）凝结，冷凝，节略，缩写，使压缩disastrous:灾难性的insurance:保险，保证，保障impact: n.冲击力，影响力vt.压紧，对……施压grapevine:葡萄藤，传播谣言snowflakes: 雪花meteorologist: 气象学家satellite:人造卫星tornado:龙卷风column:圆柱，柱状物，专栏，纵队summertime:夏季moist:潮湿的，潮湿SportsStunt: 危险或困难的举动，特技表演Mental:精神的，心理的Diagnose:诊断疾病Sciencelaser:激光sector: 部门，界，扇形，扇形面spectrum: 光谱，波长intense: 强烈的，热情的optic: 眼睛的，视觉的digital: 手指的，脚趾的，数字显示的，数字的synonym: 同义词fireflies: 萤火虫precise: 精确的，准备的，恰好的crystal: n.水晶，结晶，水晶玻璃，晶体adj.水晶的，透明的，清澈的coral: 珊瑚，珊瑚色；珊瑚的，像珊瑚的moth: 蛾，飞虫mite: （使人怜悯的）孩子；（食物中出现的）小虫子beetle: n.甲虫adj.突出的，凸出的forensic: adj.公开辩论的，法庭的n.辩论术fingerprint: 指纹，手印shoeprint:鞋印poison: n.毒药；败坏道德的事情vt.毒杀，污染，败坏，使中毒Musicstring: 弦bow: 弓cello: 大提琴mainstream music: 主流音乐alternative music: 非主流音乐conductor: 指挥chorus( unison): 合唱，合唱队duet: 二重唱trio：三重唱audition:参加试听，面试best-selling single: 最佳畅销单曲blend: n.混合物vt.调和，融合；混合，掺杂；配合，调制cherish: 珍爱，怀抱orchestra: 交响乐队incidental: adj.偶发的，临时的；不重要的，附带发生的n.附带发生的事情；临时费用tuba: 大号Historymiserable: 痛苦的，可怜的；使不愉快的；极差的，极小的The New Deal: 新政（The New Deal was designed by President Roosevelt in the 1930s）the Great Depression: 大萧条reliable: 可靠的，确实的deposit: n.储蓄；定金，押金；沉淀；vt.放下，置下；存放，储蓄，寄存；沉淀Amerigo Vespicci(Amerigo Vespicci was the first European who asserted that this land was not India.)legacy: 遗迹，遗产Geographybirthplace: 发源地stratigraphy: 地层学continental crust: 大陆地壳geologic survey: 地址勘察tunnel: n.地道，隧道，坑道；vt.挖隧道limestone: 石灰石chamber: n.寝室，立法机关，（身体或器官内的）腔，室treasure: 财宝；宝贝儿Astronomygravity: 重力orbit: 轨道galaxy: 银河系，群星mission: 特使团；使命，任务；计划或执行任务的办公室；传道区；天职solar system: 太阳系incredible: 难以置信的，不可思议的，非常的，未必的reddish: 微红色的oxide: 氧化物canyon: 峡谷crater: (火山的)喷火口，弹坑，装箱工人nebula: 星云black holes: 黑洞squeeze: 压，榨，挤，捏molecule: 分子universe: 宇宙telescope: 天文望远镜encircle: 环绕，包围spun: vt.旋转adj.纺成的flatten: vt.使变平，打倒vi.变平Filmstardom: 演员的身份，群星plantation: 大农场，种植园，林场（介绍Gone With The Wind 时出现的词汇）tease: vt.取笑，嘲弄，梳理n.爱嘲弄别人的人，取笑，嘲弄Indies:独立电影refresh: 消除疲劳，恢复精神perspective: 1.透视画法2.判断事物的方法，眼力3.前景Physicsatom: 原子microscope: 显微镜proton: 质子neutron:中子electron：电子cohesion:附着，结合，凝聚力mechanics: 力学precipitate: 向下投掷magnifier: 放大镜Literaturetragedy: 悲剧，惨案catharsis: （精神或心理）宣泄，疏泄；艺术的作用；药物的作用emotion:情感relief:（焦虑，痛苦，或迟钝等的）减轻genre: 体裁，风格satire:讽刺文学implicit:含蓄的Biologycell：细胞structural:结构上的，构造的organ:器官muscle:肌肉stem cell:干细胞mutant:变异hereditary:世袭的，遗传的tumor:肿块，肿瘤replicate:复制occur:发生，出现blueprint:蓝图(DNA is a molecule that contains the blueprint for life. It controls how the body develops as it grows.)trait: 显著的特征，特征contaminate:污染internal clock：生物钟colony:蚁穴，蚁巢termite:白蚁nymph:若虫（A termite queen can lay thousands of eggs each day. Its body can grow up to ten centimeters with eggs. The egg grow into young termites called nymph.）jaw:下颚individual:个体的The Opossum:负鼠marsupial:有袋动物；有袋动物的immune:免疫的adaptable:适应能力强的rabies:狂犬病posterity:后代propagate: vt.繁殖，传播subsist: vi.生存Agriculturescarcity: 稀缺rotation: 轮转，选转crop rotation:庄稼轮作（Crop rotation was a great advance for society during the Middle Ages.）nutrient: adj.营养的，滋养的n.营养物，营养品manure: n.粪肥vt.施肥organic farming:有机农业fertilizer:肥料pesticide: 农药,杀虫剂（Organic farming usually needs a lot of human labor to do the job of chemicals. This is one reason that organic food costs more. But when we think about the health of the earth, its plants, and its animals, perhaps it is worth it. In the end, a healthy planet means that we will healthy, too.）Cultureadvance: 先进vehicle：车辆storage: 存储，保管military: 军事ascend:追溯到originate: 发源于remnant:残余，残迹exhume:挖掘橙色封面阅读书里竟然出现了阅读加试时经常考的苏美尔文明！就一个小段落、还不错打一遍~正好可以记忆一下Sumerian CivilizationThe Sumerian made many advances. They first improved agriculture. They later established which was essential for storing crops. Then it was used for grinding grain. Last, it was then used for farm and military vehicles. Sumerian were the first to use writing and math, even systems were used to keep track of food storage and trade. The military used it to keep track of men, weapons, and supplies. They were the first to study the stars and sun in a serious way. It helped them tell time so they could decide when to plant crops. A way of reading the stars also helped them plan when to attack their enemies. They believed that the stars could speak of their success or failure.。

托福--动物类文章常考词汇

动物类文章常考词汇
动物分类：门: Phyla (phylum) 纲: Classes 目: order sub-order 科: family 属: genus 种: species
Invertebrate 无脊椎动物 Vertebrate 脊椎动物按食性分： herbivorous草食动物 carnivorous肉食动物 omnivorous杂食动物按捕食关系： Prey 被捕食者 Predator 捕食者按婚姻状况分： Monogamous Polygamous polyandrous 考过的经典动物： Birds primate mammal Plankton 浮游生物 homotherm poikilotherm beaver sloth sea cucumber Bees deer chimpanzee黑猩猩 Reptile chameleon s • • • • • • • • • • • niche (适于生长的)小生态环境 camouflage 伪装 hibernate 冬眠 migrate 迁徙 regenerate 再生 domesticate 驯养 fertilize 使…受精 vestige 退化的器官 hygiene 卫生 sanitation 卫生 larva(复数larvae) 幼虫；幼体 spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵 parasite 寄生虫
动物类文章常考词汇
动物的种类： marine/aquatic animal, mammal, reptile, rodent, primate, amphibian, insect, pest , invertebrate, homotherm/ heterotherm 动物名称： coyote, buffalo, beaver, sea otter, cuttlefish, octopus, squid, antelope, hippopotamus, hawk, gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee, baboon, panther, cattle, rhinoceros, dinosaur, predator, prey 器官：lung, front/ hind leg, tail, limb, bone, spine, skeleton, skull, fossil 行为：predation, hibernation, camouflage, migrate, reproduce, hatch, extinct, evolve

TOEFL生物词汇表

TOEFL生物词汇表adaptadapableadaptation--modification(以上三词都与动物进化有关)antibiotic 抗菌的，抗生的antibiotics 抗生素aquatic adj.水生的，水栖的aquarium n.水族馆arboreal adj.树栖的，树的；乔木的arid--dry adj.干旱的semiarid adj.雨量非常少的aroma n.芳香，香气aromatic--fragrant adj. 芳香的fragrant--aromatic a,fragrance--scent n,香味perfume n,香味，香水backbone--spine n,脊椎，中枢bald eagle 秃头鹰（美国国鸟）bard n,鱼钩等的-倒勾，倒刺；bark--outer covering n,树皮n/vi.狗叫beak n,鸟嘴polar bear 北极熊grizzly bear 灰熊biologist n.生物学家biological diversity 生物多样性bison n.美洲或欧洲的野牛bloom n/vi. 花/开花blossom n/vi. 花/开花boarder n,寄生者baboon n, 狒狒bouquet n,花簇breed--raise,hatch,mate vt,养育，繁殖n,品种crossbreeding n,异种杂交bud n,芽，蓓蕾vi,发芽bulb n，球茎cannibalism n,同类相食carapace n,龟蟹等得-甲壳cardiac adj,心脏的，cardinal adj,红衣凤头鸟-一种美洲鸟，雄性有深红色羽毛carnivorous adj,食肉的caterpillar n,毛虫chimpanzee n,黑猩猩gorilla n,大猩猩calm n,蚌肉clutch n, 一次所孵的蛋condor n,秃鹰conifer n,松类针叶树coral reef 珊瑚礁carb n,蟹crawl--creep vi,爬行crow n,乌鸦crustacean n，甲壳动物culture vi,培养（微生物细胞组织等）daisy n,雏菊deciduous adj,每年落叶的，decomposition n,腐烂，分解decompose--decay v,分解，使腐烂rodent n,edentate n,贫齿类动物dolphin n,海豚domesticate-cultivate vt,驯养驯化domesticated-tame adj.dormant adj,休眠的endotoxin n,内梅素endotherm n,恒温动物draft animal 耕种动物（horse之类）dragonfly n, 蜻蜓ecological adj,生态学的，生态的ecologist necology necologistem n生态系统embryo-completely undeveloped form n,胚胎；embryological adj,胚胎学的embryonic adj,萌芽期的，endanger-threaen,jeopardize vt,危及endangered adj,有灭绝危险的，将要绝种的evergreen adj常绿的，n,常绿植物extinct adj,动物-灭绝的；extinction n.falcon n,猎鹰falconer n,养猎鹰之人fauna n, 动物群flora n植物群floral adj,花的，植物的feed v,喂养，靠。

托福听力分科词汇

听力分科词汇（熟悉读音）第一类动物学ZoologyPrimate 灵长类Rodent 啮齿类Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Carnivore 食肉动物Carnivorous 食肉类的Herbivore 食草动物Omnivore 杂食动物Homoiotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物；冷血动物Tissure 组织Organ 器官Liver 肝Lung 肺Kidney 肾Front/back/rear legRespiratory system 呼吸系统Reproductive system 生殖系统Nerve system 神经系统Immune system 免疫系统Endocrine system 内分泌系统Excretory system 排泄系统Circulatory system 循环系统Blood vessel 血管Vein 静脉Artery 动脉Membrane 隔膜；细胞膜Compound 复眼Sloth 树懒Bat 蝙蝠Dolphin 海豚Turtle 绿毛龟Penguin 企鹅Phylum 门——class 纲——order 目——family 科——species 种Adder 小毒蛇Alge (复数algae)Anatomy 解剖学Anthropoid 类人猿Aquatic 水生的Armor 甲Asymmetric 不对称Baboon 狒狒Alligator 美洲鳄Ancestry 系谱；血统Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Antenna（复数antennae）触须Aquarium 养鱼池Arachnid 节肢动物Auk 海雀Beaver 水懒Biological vacuum 生物演变真空期Bivalve 双壳类Brant 黑雁Breed n.品种v.繁殖Burrow 洞穴Buffalo 美洲野牛Canary 金丝雀Carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌? Caterpillar 毛虫Caviar 鱼子酱Centipede 蜈蚣Chameleon 变色龙Chemical composition 化学成分Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Chipmunk 花栗鼠Chirp 叽叽喳喳叫Cicada 蝉Clam 蛤蜊Claw 爪子Cobra 眼镜蛇Cockroach 蟑螂Cocoon 蚕茧Coelenterate 腔肠动物Cricket 蟋蟀Darwinism 达尔文学说Degeneration 退化Digestive enzyme 消化酶Domesticate 驯养Echolocation 声波定位Entomology 昆虫学Fauna 动物群Fertilize 受精Genus 种类Grasshopper 蚂蚱Gregarious 群居的Hatch 孵化Herd 兽群Heredity 遗传Hibernation 冬眠Hormone 荷尔蒙Ingestion 摄食Insecticide 杀虫剂Larva 幼虫（复数larvae）Mandible 下颚Metamorphosis 变形Lizard 蜥蜴Mate 交配Mollusk 软体动物Monogamous 一雄一雌的Mutation 变种Offspring 后代Order 目Ornithology 鸟类学Oyster 牡蛎Paleontology 古生物学Parasite 寄生虫Polyandrous 一雌多雄的Prairie dog 草原犬鼠Rattlesnake 响尾蛇Regeneration 再生Rhinoceros 犀牛Ruminant 反刍动物Salamander 蝾螈Scale 鳞片Scuba 水下呼吸器Secretion 分泌Solitary 独居的Spawn 卵；产卵Spine 脊骨Spleen 脾Squid 鱿鱼Symbiosis 共生现象symbiotic 共生的Symmetry 对称Tentacle 触须Venom 毒液第二类植物学BotanyFoliage 叶子Stem 茎Trunk 树干Branch 树枝Bark 树皮Bud 花蕾Nectar 花蜜Moss 苔类Herb 草本类Fern 蕨类Fungus 菌类Hybrid 杂交植物Phobia 恐性Hydro-phobia 狂犬病Petal 花瓣Chlorophyll 叶绿素Stamen 花蕊Jasmine 茉莉Peony 牡丹Orchid 兰花Lotus 莲花Plum 梅花；李子第三类生物、微生物学Biology and Micro-biology Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Biotical agency 生物媒介Calcium 钙Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酵母Fatigue （组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的）疲劳Fermentation 发酵Fungus 真菌Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Malaria 疟疾；瘴气Microorganism 微生物Microscopic 精微的Nucleus 细胞核Oxidation 氧化Parasitic disease 寄生虫病Pathogen 病菌Penicillin 青霉素Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Sterilization 杀菌Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Yeast 酵母第四类人类学与考古学Anthropology and archeology Excavate 挖掘excavation 出土Relics 文物古迹Stone Age 石器时代Iron Age 黑铁时代Bronze Age 青铜时代Neolithic 新石器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代Matriarchy 母系氏族Patrilineal 父系氏族Pottery 陶Ancient civilization 古代文明Antique 古董Archaic 古老的Artifact 人造物品Ascend 攀登Chronological 按年代排序的Clan 氏族Cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics 文物Exhume 掘出Hominid 原始人类Porcelain 瓷器Prehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的Scoop 铲子Skull 头骨Tribe 部落第五类地理地质学Geography and geology美国五大湖：Huron 休伦湖Ontario 安大略湖Michigan 密歇根湖Erie 伊利湖Superior 苏比利尔湖Extinct volcano 死火山active volcano 活火山dormant 休眠火山Erupt 火山爆发eruption 爆发Magma 岩浆lava 岩浆Crater 火山口Core 地核Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Layer/stratum 地层South Pole 南极North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极的Antarctica 南极洲Arctic 北极的Aurora 极光Equator 赤道Longitude 经度Latitude 纬度Altitude 海拔the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Glacier 冰川Ice berg 冰山Seismology 地震学seismic waves 地震波Magnitude 震级Epicenter 震中Basin 盆地Plane 平原Plateau 高原Low land 低地Arm/gulf/bay 海湾the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖Yellowstone National Park 黄石公园Grand Canyon 大峡谷the Dead Valley 死谷Arid 干旱的Canal 运河Cleft 缝隙Cliff 悬崖Continental drift 大陆漂移Continental shelf 大陆架Contour 轮廓；等高线Cosmopolitan 世界性的Crack 裂缝Crest 山顶Debris 碎片Demolish 破坏；粉碎Deposit 堆积物；沉积物Diffuse 传播；扩散Disintegration 分解Elevation 抬高；高地Endemic 风土的；地方的Evaporation 蒸发Expedition 探险Extract 开采Fault plane 断层面Fieldstone 卵石Frost heaving 冻胀现象Geothermal 地热的Gorge 峡谷Hemisphere 半球Igneous rock 火成岩Incandescent 白炽的Infertile 贫瘠的Insular 海岛Insulate 隔离Ledge 矿脉Margin 边缘Marine 航海的Meridian 子午线Navigation 航海的Oasis 绿洲Offshore 离岸的Parallel 纬线Peninsula 半岛Precipice 悬崖Salinity 盐度Sediment 沉淀物Smelt 冶炼Strait 海峡Subsidiary 辅助的；补充的Subterrane 表层下基岩subterranean 地下的Tectonics 构造学Temperate 温带的Terrain 地形Terrestrial 地球的；陆地的Terrestrial magnetism 地磁Topography 地形；地形学Tropic 热带的Aluminum 铝Bonanza 富矿带Fault 断层Geologic survey 地质调查Geomagnetism 地磁学Granite 花岗岩Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期Landlocked area 内陆Lead 铅Limestone 石灰岩Lithosphere 岩石圈Lower reach 下游Metamorphic rock 变质岩Nickel 镍Northern Hemisphere 北半球Petrify 石化Platinum 白金；铂Quartz 石英Ravine 峡谷Reclaim 开垦Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seismic prospecting 地震勘探Seismograph 地震仪Sodium 钠Speculate 推测Swamp 沼泽Sulfur 硫磺Tributary 支流Tropical rain forest 热带雨林Vertical 垂直的Watershed 分水岭Zinc 锌第六类法学Law庭审的三种方式：trial=prosecution 审判（private/public）、arbitration 仲裁、hearing 听证会Defendant 被告Prosecutor 刑事原告Plaintiff 民事原告Cop 警察Attorney 律师Judge 法官Suit 上诉Appeal 申诉appealent 申诉人Aerdict 陪审团意见Judgement 二审最终结果Jury panel 陪审团Capital punishment 极刑Sentence 刑期第七类商科Business and economyCompete competition competitorFree/pure compete 自由竞争Monopolistic compete 垄断竞争Supply and demand 供求Surplus 盈余Deficit 赤字run in redBoycott 联合抵制Devaluation 贬值Bubble economy 泡沫经济GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GNP gross national product 国民生产总值CPI consumer price index 消费价格指数Anti-dumping 反倾销Revenue/duty/tax 税收The federal 美联储Marketing: do market research (segmentation 市场细分/high-eral/low-eral) Sales: pre-sales after-sales第八类文学LiteratureRealism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Modernism 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义Romance of three kingdoms 三国演义Red dreams of mansion 红楼梦Western journey 西游记Outlaws of marsh 水浒传Biography 传记文学Autobiography 自传Essay 杂记Prose 散文Epic 史诗Criticism 文学评论Thriller 恐怖小说Detective story 侦探小说Novel/fiction（虚构的）小说Editorial 社论的Leading character 主人公Legend 传说Proverb 谚语Schools of literature 文学流派第九类艺术Music Accompaniment 伴奏Aestheticism 唯美主义Allegory 寓言Ballad 民谣Epilogue 尾声Serenade 小夜曲Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Time 节拍Architecture 建筑Art gallery 美术馆Autograph 真迹Calligraphy 书法Cathedral 大教堂Imitating 临摹Impressionistic style 印象派风格Landscape painting 山水画Mosque 清真寺Panorama 全景画Perspective 透视画法Portrait 肖像画Sketch 素描The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门第十类哲学Philosophy Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德The republic 理想国The law 法律Idealism 唯心主义Materialism 唯物主义Ration 理性emotion 感性第十一类气象学Meteorology Formation 形成Hail 冰雹Atmosphere 大气层Stratosphere 平流层Troposphere 对流层Current-air 气流Mass 气团warm/coldVapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发Droplet 小水珠Ice crystal 冰晶体Stratum 地层Updraft air 上升气流Downdraft air 下沉气流Temperate zone 温带Tropical 热带Frigid 寒带亚前加sub~Dew 露珠Mist 薄雾Drizzle 毛毛雨Avalanche snow 雪崩Tornado 龙卷风Blizzard 暴雪Tsunami 海啸Balmy 温和的Barometer 气压计Convection 对流Cumulonimbus 积雨云Damp 潮湿的Devastation 破坏Downpour 倾盆大雨Humidity 湿度Monsoon 季风Precipitation 降水Tempest 暴风雨Tepid 微温的Torrential rain 暴雨Tropical depression 热带低气压Typhoon 台风Wind scale 风级Wind velocity 风速第十二类天文学Astronomy Comet 彗星Star 恒星Planet 行星Mercury 水星Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Planet solar system 太阳系Asteroid belt 小行星带Meteor 流星Rotation 自转Revolution 公转Galaxy 银河Light year 光年Constellation 星座Sign 属相Orbit 轨道Astrology 占星术Ammonia 氨Astronaut 宇航员Astronomical object 天体Big dipper 北斗七星Celestial 天上的celestial body 天体Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal force 向心力第十三类生理学PhysiologyNeutron nerve cell 神经元细胞Conduct bioelectricity 传导生物电Gliacell 胶质细胞：support neutron、conduct chemistryNuclear 细胞核Cytoplasm 细胞质Membrane 细胞膜Cell-wall 细胞壁Enzyme 酶Chromosome 染色体Gene mutation 基因突变Mutation of species 物种突变第十四类物理、化学和农业Physics、Chemistry and Agriculture Element table 元素周期表Platinum 铂金Aluminum 铝Lead 铅Nickel 镍Magnesium 镁Sodium 钠Uranium 铀Calcium 钙Mercury 水银Oxygen 氧Nitrogen 氮Ammonia 氨Silicon 硅Sulfur 硫Atom 原子Molecule 分子Nuclear 核Proton 质子Neutron 中子Electron 电子Particle 粒子Acceleration 加速度Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度Acoustics 声学Anode 正极Cathode 负极Combustion 燃烧Conservation of energy 能量守恒Decomposition 分解Dilution 稀释Distillation 蒸馏Electrode 电极Fluorescence 荧光Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Isotope 同位素Magnet 磁铁Mechanics 力学Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿运动定律Optics 光学Reagent 试剂Reduction 还原Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Resonance 共振Solution 溶液Test tube 试管Ultrasonic 超声波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Uniform motion 匀速运动Voltage 电压Aquaculture 水产业Arable 可耕的Conservatory 温室Fertile 肥沃的Fodder 饲料Garlic 大蒜Granary 谷仓Graze 放牧Haystack 干草堆Horticulture 园艺Husbandry 管理Hydroponics 水耕法Indigenous 本土的Livestock 家畜Orchard 果园Plantation 种植园Prolific 多产的Silt 淤泥Tractor 拖拉机。