Where引导定语从句

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英语中Where引导的从句

英语中Where引导的从句

英语中Where引导的从句一、Where引导定语从句—形容词性从句当where 引导定语从句时,Where前有表示地点的先行词,where 引导的从句修饰先行词,Where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语。

例如:1.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .(2001年上海)评析:situation 是先行词,其后是Where引导的定语从句。

2.This is the place where Luxun once lived .评析:the place 是先行词,其后是where引导的定语从句,where 在从句中作地点状语。

二、Where引导状语从句—副词性从句当Where引导状语从句时,Where前没有表示地点的先行词,Where是从属连词,Where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词。

例如:3.The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季高考上海)评析:句中“the famous scientist grew up "这一部分是该句的主句,Where 到句子最后是地点状语从句,where前没有表示地点的先行词.4.She found her passport where she lost it .评析:"passport"是主句found 后的宾语,它并不是从句中lost的地点,因此where 引导的是地点状语从句,从属连词where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词found 。

三、where 引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句———名词性从句where引导的名词性从句,意思接近the place where ,可译为:“……的地方”,where是疑问副词。

Where引导的从句

Where引导的从句

Where引导的从句.Where引导定语从句-形容词性从句a. Where 引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,如place, room, house, street, area等,并在定语从句中作地点状语。

Where 在定语从句中用作关系副词,作状语,先行词一般指地点。

在实际的英语学习中,where在定语从句中的用法远不是这么简单,而是复杂得很。

某些在从句中充当地点状语的介词+关系词”结构可以与where互换地点:Where = at/in/on + which1) This is the house in which I lived two years ago = This is the house where I lived two years ago.2) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. (Where = on which) 比较学习1) This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.2) This is the factory that/ which you visited last year.在第一句中,关系词在定语从句中作状语,所以用关系副词where或者in which,因为定语从句中worked是个不及物动词;而在第二句中,关系词在定语从句中做宾语,因此用that或which,还可以省略,visited是个及物动词b. Where弓I导的定语从句修饰抽象的,模糊的地点,女口situation, stage, point, case, activity 等。

1)修饰抽象名词situationa)He' s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.b)He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.c)It' s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.2)修饰抽象名词activityThose successful deaf dancers think dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.3)修饰抽象名词pointAfter graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.4)修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “ mighty ” used as an adverb.5)修饰抽象名词positionIt' s put me in a position where I can ' t afford to take the job.6)修饰抽象名词jobShe wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.7) Life is a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.8) This summer I want to go to Hangzhou, where there is a beautiful lake.9) ln experiments where young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours.10) Is there a shop around where we can buy some toilet articles?c. 当然了,我们碰到这些词作为先行词时并不一定都用where,我们也要具体情况具体分析,他们只有在定语从句中作状语时候才用where.1) We are trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.2) - Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes, there' s one point (that/which/-) we must insist on.第一个句子中关系词在句中作状语,所以选择where关系副词。

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。

一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词pointYou reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。

The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。

注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。

Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the languageproperly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activityThose successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more thanhearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

where引导的定语从句与状语从句例句

where引导的定语从句与状语从句例句

where引导的定语从句与状语从句例句一、定语从句(Where引导)。

1. This is the park where we used to play as children.这就是我们小时候常常玩的那个公园。

2. I remember the restaurant where we had our first date.我记得我们第一次约会的那家餐厅。

3. Do you know the place where she bought her dress?你知道她买那件裙子的地方吗?4. Here is the house where my grandparents lived.这就是我祖父母曾经居住的房子。

5. She visited the city where her father was born.她拜访了她父亲出生的城市。

6. They found a spot where they could watch the sunset.他们找到了一个可以观看日落的地方。

7. This is the school where I graduated.这就是我毕业的学校。

8. He showed me the garden where he grows his vegetables.他给我看了他种植蔬菜的花园。

9. That’s the hotel where we stayed during our vacation.那是我们度假期间入住的酒店。

10. Can you tell me the area where the concert will be held?你能告诉我音乐会将要举行的地方吗?二、状语从句(Where引导)。

1. You can go where you feel most comfortable.你可以去你觉得最舒适的地方。

2. We should follow the path where it leads us.我们应该顺着这条路走,看看它带我们到哪里。

where引导定语从句

where引导定语从句

where引导定语从句where引导的定语从句和状语从句辨析where可以引导定语从句,也可以引导状语从句,具体怎么样区别呢?我们一起来看看:一、where前面是否有表示地点的先行词如果where前面有表示地点的先行词,则是定语从句;反之则是状语从句。

1、This is the house where I lived two years ago.这就是我两年前住的房子。

在这里,where前面有表示地点的先行词house,所以where引导的是定语从句,此时where是关系副词。

2、I found my books where I had left them.我在我放书的地方找到了书。

在上句中,where前面没有表示地点的先行词,books不是表示地点,所以where引导的是状语从句,此时where是从属连词。

二、where引导的句子修饰的是啥成分如果修饰的是名词,一般是定语从句。

The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。

解析:where I bought this shirt修饰shop名词。

如果修饰的是动词,一般是状语从句。

Go back where you came from.你从何处来就回到何处去。

解析:修饰go back的地方。

三、看where引导的句子的翻译翻译的时候,如果where引导的从句能翻译成“什么什么的”,就是定语从句,反之则是状语从句。

Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。

在上句中,where it is warm and where it rains often翻译为:温暖而多雨的,所以是定语从句。

You can go where you want to go.你可以去你想去的地方。

where的定语从句用法

where的定语从句用法

where的定语从句⽤法 where引导的定语从句要怎么⽤呢?where定语从句⽤法是什么?接下来是店铺为你带来收集整理的⽂章,欢迎阅读! where的定语从句⽤法 1 例1)I went to a small town. I met my boyfriend in that town. 在后⾯的简单句中,in that town是地点状语,所以可以⽤ where代替in that town,I met my boyfriend 放在先⾏词(也就是定语从句所修饰的词)town的后⾯。

I went to a small town where I met my boyfriend.我去了⼀个⼩镇,在那⾥我遇见了我的男朋友。

例2)I went to a small town. It is very quiet and peaceful. 这两句合成定语从句就是 it去掉,⽤which/that,来代替,定语从句which/that is very quiet and peaceful 来修饰先⾏词town. I went to a small town which is very quiet and peaceful. I went to a small town that is very quiet and peaceful. 为什么主句都⼀样,修饰的也是同⼀个先⾏词town,第⼀个就⽤连接词where,⽽第⼆个就⽤连接词which或that呢?在定语从句中,⼀定要弄清句⼦成分。

I met my boyfriend in that town. In that town 是做地点状语。

It is very quiet and peaceful. It 是做谓语动词is的主语。

所以例句1连接词where代替的是地点状语,in that town.例句2 连接词that或which是代替主语it,也就是town. 在定语从句中 where⼀定翻译在那⾥,然后再翻译定语从句,翻译完之后,感觉通顺,定语从句⼀定是⼀个完整的简单句。

人教版高中英语必修4课件 知识点——where 引导的定语从句

人教版高中英语必修4课件 知识点——where 引导的定语从句

答案:B
解析:句意:如果你到了一个当地人不会说你的语言的国 家,你可以将地址给出租车司机看。这里使用定语从句, 先行词是a country, 定语从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少的地 点状语,用where引导的定语从句,选B.
AB线与CD线的相交点为E。
The accident happened at the point where the A15
joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字
路口。
where 引导的定语从句
【知识点解析】
2.where修饰抽象名词case,例如: There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在 一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 3.where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity,例如: Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity
appear suddenly because there must be a certain process many factors lead to the change. A. which C. where 答案:C 解析:本题考查定语从句:句意:房价持续居高不下的拐点不 会马上出现,因为导致房价过高的整个过程不是一日形成的, 背后有诸多因素。先行词是process,而且定语从句中缺少地点状 语,要用where引导。这是一个由where引导的定语从句。选C. B. what D. that

where 引导从句的用法

where 引导从句的用法

Where引导从句的用法一、where引导定语从句where引导定语从句时,其先行词是表示地点的名词,它在定语从句中作地点状语,此时where 相当于at/in/on+which。

如:This zoo is not the only place where the animal can be seen.这个动物园并不是唯一能够看到这种动物的地方。

She’s got herself into a dangerous situation where she’s likely to lose her life.她将自己置于了危险的境地,而且很有可能丢掉性命。

二、where引导状语从句where引导状语从句时,它相当于in/at the place where。

如:My father grew up where he was born.我父亲是在他出生的地方长大的。

Take him where it is safe.把他带到安全的地方去。

三、where引导名词性从句where引导的名词性从句主要有宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句以及同位语从句,此时where相当于the place where。

如:Can you tell me where you found it?你能告诉我你是在哪儿找到它的吗?That’s where I was when the accident happened.那就是事故发生时我所在的地方。

Where the old man comes from is still a puzzle.这位老人是从哪里来的还是个谜。

I have no idea where we should go for a holiday.我不知道我们该去哪里度假。

【巩固练习】请用引导词where来补全下列英文句子。

1. 有志者事竟成。

_______________________, there is a way.2. 书在你原来放的地方。

where引导定语从句(优秀8篇)

where引导定语从句(优秀8篇)

where引导定语从句(优秀8篇)where的定语从句篇一when/where/why引导的定语从句when,where,why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:1、关系副词when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。

例如:I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。

// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。

2、关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。

例如:This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。

// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居,在那里她有几个密友。

3、关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。

例如:I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。

// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。

// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。

注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。

在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:1、很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。

where 引导的定语从句

where 引导的定语从句

where 引导的定语从句
Where引导的定语从句指在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的定语从句,而这个定语从句的关系词由where引导。

它相当于一个状语,表示地点或方位,即指明了它所修饰的名词或代词在何处,等于一个介词短语。

Where引导的定语从句常用于以下句型:
1. 直接引导定语从句。

This is the place where I lost my purse.
2. 修饰某些词。

This is the last place (where) I have been.
3. 修饰某些复合结构
This is the place (where) I saw the accident.
4. 作状语
He went to a place where he could get a job.
注意: where 引导的定语从句不能修饰动词,实际上它修饰的是动词之后的状语从句。

例如:
He went to a place where he thought he could get a job.
这里where引导的定语从句修饰的是thought 后面的状语从句,而不是动词went。

- 1 -。

where引导的定语从句

where引导的定语从句

where引导的定语从句where 引导的定语从句由where引导的定语从句有特点呢?以下是店铺收集的相关信息,仅供大家阅读参考!关系副词where在定语从句中的用法是定语从句中常考的一个难点。

笔者将在接下来的文章中和大家一起探讨关系副词where的用法,帮助大家正确理解和使用关系副词where。

先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句一般来说,者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。

这种理解有一定的道理,比如下面这个句子:1. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.如果还有人对美国是否是一个一切皆有可能的国家心存怀疑,还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活,还有人质疑我们的民主制度的力量,那么今晚,这些问题都有了答案。

这句话节选自美国总统奥巴马的胜选演说。

我们看到,这里的place后面的定语从句是由关系副词where来引导。

但是,如果认为只要先行词是表示地点的名词,则一定要用where来引导定语从句,那就大错特错了。

比如,在2006年上海高考英语中有这样一道选择题:2. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what我们看到,places在这里表示地点,但如果据此就认为空格处应填入where,那就错了。

定语从句中where

定语从句中where

定语从句中where定语从句中wherewhere引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词。

以下是店铺为大家整理分享的定语从句中where,欢迎阅读参考。

定语从句中where一、where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词。

例如: The bookshopwhereI bought this book is not far from here.This is the housewhereI lived two years ago.We will start at the pointwherewe left off.二、where引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词。

例如: Wuhan lieswherethe Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.Make a markwhereyou have any doubts or questions.I found my bookswhereI had left them.有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。

例如:Wherethere is a will, there is a way. 〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。

Wherethere is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。

三、在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。

例如:A tall building was put up at the placewherethere used to be a desert. (=A tall building was put upwherethere used to be a desert. )在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。

Where引导从句的用法总结

Where引导从句的用法总结

Where引导从句的用法总结Where引导从句分为引导定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句三种,用法如下:1. where引导定语从句—形容词性从句where引导定语从句时,其先行词是表示地点的名词,where 引导的从句修饰先行词,Where是关系副词,它在定语从句中作地点状语,此时where 相当于at/in/on+which。

如:This zoo is not the only place where the animal can be seen. 这个动物园并不是唯一能够看到这种动物的地方。

She’s got herself into a dangerous situation where she’s likely to lose her l ife. 她将自己置于了危险的境地,而且很有可能丢掉性命。

2. where引导状语从句—副词性从句where引导状语从句时,Where前没有表示地点的先行词,Where是从属连词,Where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,它相当于in/at the place where。

如:My father grew up where he was born. 我父亲是在他出生的地方长大的。

Take him where it is safe. 把他带到安全的地方去。

3. where引导名词性从句—名词性从句where引导的名词性从句主要有宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句以及同位语从句,此时where相当于the place where,可译为:“……的地方”,where 是疑问副词。

如:Can you tell me where you found it? 你能告诉我你是在哪儿找到它的吗?That’s where I was when the accident happened. 那就是事故发生时我所在的地方。

Where the old man comes from is still a puzzle. 这位老人是从哪里来的还是个谜。

where的定语从句

where的定语从句

where的定语从句英语是一种西日耳曼语支,最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。

下面是店铺为大家整理的关于where的定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。

where的定语从句1where的定语从句先行词表示具体地点的,并在在定语从句中做状语的(不做主语,表语和宾语),用where引导定语从句.例如:this is the house where i once lived.先行词是表示抽象地点的如point,case,postion,condtion,activity,situation,job等,并作状语用where引导.You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步.It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地.She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作.where 在定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看:一、where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词.例如:The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.This is the house where I lived two years ago.We will start at the point where we left off.二、where引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词.例如:Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han JiangRivermeet.Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.I found my books where I had left them.有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面,而where引导的定语从句则不能.例如:Where there is a will,there is a way.〔谚语〕有志者事竟成.Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命.三、在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句.例如:A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be adesert.(=A tall building was put up where there used to be adesert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼.Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rainsoften.)温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长.where的定语从句2Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where两道题都选where ,但是case, situation都不是地点,如何理解?在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。

where引导的定语从句

where引导的定语从句

A. when
B. whose C. which
D. where
先行词为activity,属表示地点的抽象名词,而从句中的谓词动词
matter为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故应选D. where。
5. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the
forest when they remembered the scenes ___ people were
eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which
D. that
先行词为scene,属于表地点的抽象名词,从句为被动语态,且不
缺少成分,故选A. in which。
定语从句:是指在复合句中, 修饰名词或 代的词从句. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 词叫做“先行”词. 引导定语从句的词叫“关系”词
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who,whom,that 指代事物 which,that 所属关系 whose,of which 指地点 where 关
关 系 代 词
指时间 when 系
(2) Is this the house ___ shakespeare was born?
A. at where B. which C. in which D. at which
先行词the house,表空间范围的地点名词,从句中不 缺少成分,应用关系副词where或in which作状语, 故应选C.
指原因 why


错误判断:先行词是时间或地点,则定语从 句就用when或where引导;先行词是why, 就用reason来引导。

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。

⼀、where定语从句修饰抽象名词pointYou reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物⽆法治疗的地步。

The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到⾮把破产管理⼈叫来不可的地步。

We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改⼀改的地步。

注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发⽣在A15与M1交叉的⼗字路⼝。

⼆、where定语从句修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在⼀些情况下,mighty⼀词可⽤作副词。

Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我们将讨论⼀些英语初学者对英语使⽤不当的问题。

三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activityThose successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是⼀种让⼈看胜过让⼈听的活动。

定语从句的引导词where

定语从句的引导词where

定语从句的引导词where定语从句的引导词where导语:关系副词where 主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。

下面店铺讲解定语从句的引导词where,欢迎参考。

where 为副词,表示地点。

在句子中等同于介词加上表示地点的名词的`功能。

用where引导从句,修饰表示地点的名词,where之后要加上主谓宾完整的陈述语序。

如:Do you remember the place where we first met each other?Do you remember the place at which we first met each other?你记得我们第一次相遇的地方吗?The park where we had picnic last weekend is so fascinating.The park at which we had picnic last weekend is so fascinating.上周咱们野炊的公园很美。

I can hardly forget the cafe where we went for the first time.I can hardly forget the cafe to which we went for the first time.(不常用)我很难忘记咱们第一次去的咖啡馆。

大家可以发现,where前不加介词,这是因为where本身是一个副词,表示地点,前面不加介词。

where引导的定语从句修饰句子中所有的名词成分,可以是主语,宾语或者表语。

口语示范:那个曾经草木繁盛的地方已经变成了荒漠。

The place where the trees and grasses were dense and flourishing has now become a desert.美国是一个不同文化和风俗交汇的国家。

America is a country where the diverse cultures and customsjoin.写作示范:相比网络阅读,图书馆不仅是一个可以让人集中精力看书的地方,也是一个人们可以参加学术研讨会或者一些讲座的综合场所,所以,它们值得我们去维护。

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Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点
1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.
A.which
B.as
C.why
D.where
2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A.which
B.as
C.why
D.where
两道题都选where ,但是case, situation都不是地点,如何理解?
在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。

就是说,关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。

用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。

很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。

请看以下几个例句:
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。

Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。

从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。

2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,
而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。

点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。

这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。

3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度下”。

这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。

从上面三个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,
where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。

我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。

先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象
地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。

由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。

首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。

其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。

第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。

为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:
4. English is a fixed-word-order language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。

点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。

其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表
示原因。

由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在‘词序固定’这样的语言中”。

5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument. 在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。

点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or morepeople took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。

其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也
不是原因名词。

由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。

6. However, being enthusiastic isn't for everyone and no one likes false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about small points.然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋的假热情。

点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited even about small points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。

其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。

因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在‘虚假的热情’这种状态下”。

通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句了。

此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,这些含义与第一节所举的例子类似,都带有抽象
的地点意义。

因而,我们在日后的学习和考试中应当谨记:
用where引导的定语从句,先行词不一定是表示地点的名词,因为先行词也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。

由此,我们总结如下:
先行词是表示“地点”或任何含有“抽象地点意义”的名词用where引导定语从句。

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