肠道菌群紊乱和自闭症2

∙1Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.

Abstract

Recent advances in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have allowed us to collect more data on microbiome and metabolome to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on human health at a whole-systems level. Major advances in metagenomics and metabolomics technologies have shown that the gut microbiota contributes to host overall health status to a large extent. As such,

the gut microbiota is often likened to a measurable and functional organ consisting of prokaryotic cells, which creates the unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells. In this review, we discuss in detail the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites like choline, bile acids, phenols, and short-chain fatty acids in the host health and etiopathogenesis of various pathological states such as multiple sclerosis, autism, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. By integrating metagenomic and metabolomic information on a systems biology-wide approach, we would be better able to understand this interplay between gut microbiome and host metabolism. Integration of the microbiome,

metatranscriptome, and metabolome information will pave the way toward an improved holistic

understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism. Through the modeling of metabolic

interactions between lifestyle, diet, and microbiota, integrated omics-based understanding of

the gut ecosystem is the new avenue, providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal host health.

Proc Nutr Soc. 2014 Oct 14:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]

Nutritional management of (some) autism: a case for gluten- and casein-free diets?

Whiteley P1.

Author information

∙1ESPA Research,2A Hylton Park,Hylton Park Road,Sunderland SR5 3HD,UK.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders represent a diverse and heterogeneous array of conditions unified by the variable presence of specific behaviours impacting social and communicative functions (social affect) alongside other presentation. Common overt characteristics may come about as a consequence of

several different genetic and biological processes differentially manifesting across different people or groups. The concept of plural 'autisms' is evolving, strengthened by an increasingly important evidence base detailing different developmental trajectories across the autismspectrum and the appearance of comorbidity variably interacting with core symptoms and onwards influencing quality of life. Reports that dietary intervention, specifically the removal of foods containing gluten and/or casein from the diet, may impact on the presentation of autism for some, complement this plural view of autism. Evidence

suggestive of differing responses to the use of a gluten- and casein-free diet, defined as best- and non-