第四章练习题目

Chapter 4 Personality and ValuesMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Which of the following statements about personality is correct?a. Personality is always stable.b. Personality is a part of a person.c. Personality is an aggregate whole.d. Personality is for the most part comprised of traits that cannot be measured.e. Personality is the primary source of emotions in most people.2. If personality characteristics were completely dictated by _____, they would be fixed at birth andno amount of experience could alter them.a. job satisfactionb. heredityc. environmentd. situationse. religion5. All of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except _____.a. extroverted/introvertedb. sensing/intuitivec. perceiving/judgingd. independent/dependente. thinking/feeling6. What is the major problem with the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?a. it is very difficult to administerb. it forces a person to be categorized as either one type or anotherc. it does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personalityd. it tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traitse. it is very difficult to accurately interpret8. A high score in which dimension of the Big Five model predicts good job performance for alloccupational groups?a. extraversionb. agreeablenessc. conscientiousnessd. emotional stabilitye. openness to experience11. Holland’s theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowestwhere _____.a. personality and occupation are in agreementb. an individual is highly motivatedc. salary is highd. felt emotions are displayede. compensation is high13. What is the term used for the degree to which people like or dislike themselves?a. Self-esteemb. Authoritarianismc. Locus of controld. Machiavellianisme. Efficacy14. What personality characteristic centers on whether a person is unemotional, pragmatic andbelieves that ends can justify means?a. authoritarianismb. Machiavellianismc. Type A personalityd. risk-takinge. Narcissism16. Which of the following has the highest intrinsic risk-taking propensity?a. an accountant performing auditing activitiesb. a stock trader in a brokerage firmc. a computer technologistd. a marketing representativee. a school crossing guard21. Which of the following is the most powerful determinant of the dominant personalitycharacteristics of a country’s population?a. the country’s political systemb. the co untry’s culturec. the values held by that populationd. the country’s legal systeme. the country’s gender distribution22. Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or endstate of existence is personal ly or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct.”a. Valuesb. Attitudesc. Convictionsd. Preferencese. Affectual preferences23. When we rank an individual’s values in order of their _____, we obtain the person’s value system.a. intensityb. contentc. contextd. social acceptancee. social needs24. Which of the following statements about values is true?a. Values are flexible.b. Values are synonymous with attitudes.c. Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups.d. Values are fairly stable over time.e. Values change easily when they are called into question.27. Which of the following terminal values was ranked as the most important by executives?a. family securityb. self-respectc. equalityd. freedome. social security29. Throughout the mid-1970s in the U.S., the managerial ranks were dominated by Veterans. Whenfaced with ethical dilemmas, their decisions were made in terms of what was best for _____.a. their organizationb. their familyc. societyd. them on an individual basise. their children30. Which of the following researchers produced a comprehensive analysis of variation amongcultures?a. Maslowb. Hofstedec. Festingerd. Skinnere. Freud31. Which of the following is not one of Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture?a. power distanceb. flexibility versus rigidityc. individualism versus collectivism:d. long-term versus short-term orientation:e. uncertainty avoidance33. Which of Hofstede’s dimensions is the degree to whi ch people in a country prefer structured tounstructured situations?a. collectivismb. power distancec. long-term orientationd. uncertainty avoidancee. idiocentricity34. Which of the following is most likely to be a country with high power distance?a. An individualist country like Australiab. A long term oriented country like Japanc. An uncertainty avoiding country like Uruguayd. A collectivist country like Guatemalae. A masculine country like Greece36. The “enterprising” personality from Holland’s typ ology of personality and congruent occupationswould exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?a. imaginative, disorderly, idealisticb. shy, genuine, persistentc. sociable, friendly, cooperatived. self-confident, ambitious, energetice. conforming, efficient, practical,TRUE/FALSE39. Personality is part of the way in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.43. An impressive body of research supports that five basic personality dimensions underlie all others.45. Conscientiousness refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others.47. I ndividuals who rate high in external locus of control are more satisfied with their jobs and havelower absenteeism rates.53.People with Type A personalities are rarely concerned with time.SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS64. Identify and briefly describe the five key traits in the Big Five personality model.67. Discuss the Rokeach Value Survey. Include definitions and discussion of terminal values andinstrumental values.。