高考英语一轮复习语法专项讲解--名词

高考英语一轮复习语法专项讲解--名词高考英语语法专项讲解--名词考点清单一名词的数一、可数名词复数的规则变化1.一般情况下,词尾直接加-s，如:students, teachers,trees。

2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的，加-es,如: boxes , watches, glasses.注意:stomach的复数为stomachs。

3.①以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i加-es.如stroies.countries.①以“元音字母+y"结尾的,加-s。

如:boys,toys.4.①以-f或-fe结尾的，大都变f或fe为v加-es。

如: selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves,shelves, wolves, halves。

巧记:为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。

①少数加-s。

如: beliefs, proofs, chiefs,roofs.5.①以-o结尾的，一般加-s。

如:radios, videos ,zoos,tobaccos.①以下名词加-es(一般有生命的物体加-es) : Negroes, heroes，potatoes, tomatoes.巧记:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。

6.合成词变复数，一般将主体名词变复数，无主体名词时，最后一部分变复数。

如: sons-in-law,passers-by, storyteller,grown-ups,lookers-on。

[练全题点1]单句语法填空1. In this article,you need to back up general_______(state)with specific examples.2.A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college ________(apply) ,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.3. He had_______(dish) in this restaurant.4. We have four_________(class) every morning and there're two________(box) on the platform.5. There're two_______(loaf) of bread and two________(knife) on the table.6.I took several_________(photo) of the beautiful scenery with these_________(boy).7. There are three_________(path) leading to my village. And there are many _______( bamboo)around it.8. The ant has two_________(stomach).9. A great many________(roof) were damaged by the storm.10. These___________(chief) have different________(proof).语法轻巧记忆巧记:-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数有些以-f结尾的名词在由单数变为复数时，是直接在词尾加上-s。

如: gulf, roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief.为方便记忆，我们将这些词编成口决进行联想记忆，效果非常好!海湾边、屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。

二、可数名词复数的不规则变化1.变内部元音child- children foot- feet tooth- teethmouse mice man- men woman- women2.单复数同形，如:deer，sheep，fish,Chinese ,aircraft，means，species ,Japanese 等。

3.美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:a dollar,two dollars.4.集体名词，以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

people, police, cattle本身就是复数，但可以说a head of cattle, 20 heads of cattle. the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如: The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

5.以-s结尾,仍为单数的名词，例如:(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。

(2)news为不可数名词。

(3)the United States ,the United Nations应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。

(4)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名，报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数。

例如:“The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting storybook.(-千零-夜)是一本非常有趣的故事书。

6.表示由两部分构成的东西，如glasses(眼镜),trousers,clothes 等；若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对,双),suit(套)。

如:a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers.7.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思。

如goods 货物.waters水城。

三、不可数名词量的表示用“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只用单数。

如:a piece of chalk/jewelry/ news/ meat/bread/furniture/ equipment/luggage/ music/information/ thread/ advice/ clothing/ paper.四、不可数名词转化为可数名词1.抽象名词表示具体的事时也可数。

如The party is a big success.这个聚会是一个巨大的成功。

2.表示“一场/段/件/种....时，要用a或an,此时多用形容词或of 短语修饰。

如:a fine rain(一阵细雨),a heavy snow(-场大雪),a long time(很长一段时间)。

3.有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也不可转化为可数名词。

如: advice, fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,bagg age/luggage ,jewelry , clothing等。

五、作定语的名词的数1.用复数作定语。

如:sports meeting运动会,students reading-room学生阅览室，talks table 谈判桌,the foreign languages department外语系。

2.man,woman.gentleman等作定语时,其单复数由所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

如;menworkers,women teachers, gentlemen officials.3.有些原以-s结尾的名词，作定语时-s保留。

如: goods train 货车,arms produce 武器生产，customs papers海关文件,clothes brush衣刷。

4.数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数;若无连字符，名词用复数加“”。

如:a ten-mile walk/ten miles' walk十英里路,a five-year plan/a five years' plan 一个五年计划。

5.名词作定语，一般用单数。

如:a steel bridge一座钢桥,paper money纸币，a coffee cup一个咖啡杯，an evening paper一份晚报，city life 城市生活，country music 乡村音乐，office work办公室工作，street light 路灯。

六、不同国籍人的单复数中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese俄国人the Russian a Russian two Russians希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen德国人the German a German two Germans瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes七、名词前的修饰语1. 只能修饰可数名词的有each, either ,neither，another，these，those, both,(a)few,several, many,a large number of,scores of, dozens of,a great/good many等。

2.只能修饰不可数名词的有(a)litte ,much,a bit of,a great deal of,a large amount of等。

3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some ,any ,half, most,all,a lot of,lots of.plenty of,a large quantity of .quantities of, masses of等;[练全题点2]单句语法填空1. He tried out a__________(series) of_________(mean) to work out the problem.2. Five_______(child) are playing games under the tree,with five________(sheep) eating grass on the grass.3. A great many____________( passer-by) were watching her performance.4. Cathy suffered some trrible _________ (ill)in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment,she finally became healthy.5. Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course,and there will never be more than_____________( participate) in each class.6. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the__________(develop)of adult identity.7. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised__________(aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.8. Chengdu has dozens of new mllinairese, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me,pandasare its top__________(attract).9. In the________(deep)of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous people.10.Researchers have discovered that“night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce__________(anxious).语法轻巧记忆巧记“某国人”变复数口诀合成词尾含女、男,a变e来记心间:中、日、瑞士、葡萄牙,复数形式无变化:其他所有情况下,-s词尾放心加。