2016年浙江工业大学博士生考试英语真题
博士生英语考试真题试卷
博士生英语考试真题试卷English:The doctoral English exam typically assesses a candidate's proficiency in academic writing, reading comprehension, listening skills, and oral communication. It often includes tasks such as writing essays on complex topics, analyzing academic texts, listening to lectures or presentations and answering questions, and engaging in discussions or oral presentations. These tasks aim to evaluate the candidate's ability to comprehend and produce academic English at a level necessary for doctoral-level studies. Moreover, the exam may also gauge the candidate's critical thinking skills, ability to synthesize information, and effectively communicate ideas. Therefore, preparing for the doctoral English exam involves honing a wide range of language skills, from understanding complex texts to expressing sophisticated ideas fluently and coherently.中文翻译:博士生英语考试通常评估考生在学术写作、阅读理解、听力技能和口头交流方面的能力。
考博英语历年真题试卷
考博英语历年真题试卷《考博英语历年真题试卷》As an aspiring doctoral student, the journey to obtaining a PhD is a challenging and rigorous one. One of the major milestones in this journey is the examination process, and the English language proficiency test is a crucial component of this process. The "考博英语历年真题试卷" (Doctoral English Language Proficiency Test Past Papers) is an invaluable resource for students preparing for this exam. The past papers provide a comprehensive overview of the types of questions that may be asked in the exam, as well as the format and structure of the test. By studying these papers, students can gain a better understanding of the exam's requirements and expectations, and can tailor their preparation accordingly. Furthermore, the past papers also serve as a valuable practice tool for students. By attempting the questions in the papers, students can assess their current level of English proficiency and identify areas for improvement. This allows them to focus their efforts on areas where they may be weaker, and to develop strategies for tackling different types of questions.In addition to being a practical study aid, the past papers also offer insight into the evolution of the exam over the years. By studying older papers, students can gain a better understanding of how the exam has changed and adapted over time, and can anticipate potential trends or patterns in the types of questions that may be asked in future exams.Overall, the "考博英语历年真题试卷" is an essential resource for any studentpreparing for the English language proficiency test as part of their doctoral studies. By using these past papers as a study aid, students can gain a better understanding of the exam's requirements, assess their current level of proficiency, and develop effective strategies for success. With diligent preparation and the help of these past papers, students can approach the exam with confidence and achieve their goal of obtaining a PhD.。
博士英语面试试题及答案
博士英语面试试题及答案一、自我介绍1. 请用英语简单介绍一下你自己。
答案：My name is [Your Name], and I come from [Your Hometown]. I have a master's degree in [Your Major] from [Your University]. I am passionate about [Your Interest] and have been actively involved in [Your Relevant Experience].二、专业问题1. 请谈谈你在硕士期间的研究工作。
答案：During my master's program, I focused on [Your Research Topic]. I conducted [Research Method] and found [Key Findings]. This experience has equipped me with [Skills or Knowledge] that I believe will be beneficial for my PhD studies.2. 你选择我们大学读博的原因是什么？答案：I chose your university because of its strong reputation in [Your Field of Study]. Additionally, thefaculty members here have a diverse range of expertise that aligns with my research interests, and I am particularly interested in working with [Specific Professor].三、研究计划1. 请简述你的博士研究计划。
博士研究生入学考试真题英语-2016
装备学院2016年博士研究生入学考试英语(1001)试题(注意：答案必须定在答题纸上，本试卷满分100分)PART I VOCABULARY (10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirection:There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest inmeaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.1. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them lookyounger.A. revealB. underlineC. improveD. integrate2. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of the referees in agame.A. justiceB. biasC. participationD. regionalism3. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A. consideredB. stipulatedC. raisedD. stimulated4. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A. set foot onB. lose their heart toC. set their mind onD. get hold of5. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A. approximatelyB. exactlyC. less thanD. more than6. These old shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residentialbuildings.A. pulled outB. pulled inC. pulled downD. pulled up7. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A. observeB. memorizeC. commentD. request8. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and thehuman brain.A. likenessB. relationC. contradictionD. difference9. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked insome aspects.A. practicallyB. wonderfullyC. beneficiallyD. seemingly10. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A. so-calledB. well-knowsC. esteemedD. undoubted Section BDirection:There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your Answer Sheet.11. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig‟sgenetic _______.A. reservoirB. warehouseC. poolD. storehouse12. The chairman said that he was prepared to ________ the younger people in thedecision making.A. put up withB. make way forC. shed light onD. take charge of13. Tom is angry at Linda because she _____ him _______ all the time.A. sets…upB. puts…downC. runs…outD. drops…in14. The ability to focus attention on important things is a ________ characteristic ofintelligence.A. definingB. decliningC. defeatingD. deceiving15. Our picnic having been _____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilionuntil it cleared up.A. destroyedB. underminedC. spoiltD. contaminated16. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.A. despisedB. resentedC. worshipedD. ridiculed17. One of the main purpose of using slang is to consolidate one‟s ____ with a group.A. specificationB. unificationC. notificationD. identification18. The _____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to thesoaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A. brain damageB. brain trustC. brain feverD. brain drain19. This matter settled, we decided to _______ to the next item on the agenda.A. succeedB. exceedC. proceedD. precede20. Listening is as important as taking. If you are a good listener, people often _____you for being a good conversationalist.A. complementB. complimentC. compelD. complainPart II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through.Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, orD for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the wordor phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets onyour Answer Sheet.It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life‟s happiness and much of its 21 come from the same source—one‟s marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 22 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 23 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 24 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,”25 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 26 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said: “My wife has told me that she doesn‟t love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 27 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 28 .”Of course, some in such terrible straits 29 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 30 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 31 state. “Unlikely to divorce, legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 32 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 33 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 34 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved—not only from the 35 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.21. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth22. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny23. A. late B. later C. latter D. last24. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended25. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided26. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational27. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided28. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated29. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray30. A. in the end B. out of the count C. in the way D. out of the question31. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless32. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with33. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return34. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route35. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and other trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,”says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it‟s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We‟re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it‟s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims no t only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful” Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent game still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?36. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that help people learn more about computers.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C. Those that provide special training for writers online.D. Those that provide special training for pilots.37. According to one study, more computer and online games _______.A. allow the players to take part in killing actsB. teach the players to be antisocialC. make the players forget the real life resultsD. that young people like contain violence38. What does the underlined word “dismember” in paragraph 4 mean?A. To kick somebody out.B. To cut somebody into pieces.C. To dismiss somebody.D. To stab a knife into somebody.39. Many studies have suggested that _________.A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressiveC. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence40. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that _______.A. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifePassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth‟s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field‟s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet‟s lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world‟s largest effort at tracking the field‟s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.41. According to the passage, the Earth‟s magnetic field has __________.A. begun to change in the opposite directionB. been weakening in strength for a long timeC. caused the changes on the polaritiesD. misguided many a man and animal42. During the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic field ____________.A. the compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused as to directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger43. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth‟s magnetic field would ______.A. destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB. cause some species extinctions on the EarthC. not be as disastrous as the previous oneD. cause no big trouble for man and animals44. According to the passage, ___________.A. we should not worry about the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic fieldB. the Earth‟s magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 yearsC. the Earth‟s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidlyD. the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science45. The author says “…the public has no reason to panic” because _________.A. the transition is still thousands of years awayB. the new transition will come 780,000 years from nowC. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsD. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishPassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder hat in today‟s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it‟s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren‟t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn‟t what do, but it‟s how it‟s covered that determines the effect.”For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one ofthe most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the US hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening‟s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group‟s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don‟t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It‟s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,”says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the US Army reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it‟s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don‟t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don‟t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven‟t really harmed the enemy every much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you‟ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”46. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare? ___________.A. Terrorist attacksB. The increase of military conflictsC. Advances in nuclear weaponsD. Prosperity of the media47. The goal of psychological warfare is to ____________.A. change the ideology of the opponentB. win a battle without military attacksC. generate a greater sense of fearD. bring about more physical damage48. According to Richard Bulliet, publicized an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ____________.A. psychological terrorism is a tacticB. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat49. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that __________.A. means determines effectsB. hostage crises are prevalentC. psychological terrors remain harmlessD. the American media is effective50. Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to ___________.A. scare the publicB. demonstrate their crueltyC. manipulate the government concernedD. show their group powerPassage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall‟s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillaed won‟t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year‟s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted student s will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class—1,400 compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted student, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year‟s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It‟s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from …august to mid-September “to turn away from the majority of the hurricaneseason,”Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-one-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted student and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, …I want to be a part of the action,‟” says Stieffel, noting that Loyola‟s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.51. The word “Katrina” in Para. 1 probably refers to _____________.A. a hurricaneB. an admission officialC. a universityD. a student52. It can be learned from the passage that ____________.A. most colleges requires students to apply and commit to their institutionsB. more students are applying to multiple institutionsC. all students are required to make their institution choices by May 1D. university trustees make decisions on enrollment53. The following statements are all true EXCEPT ____________.A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this yearB. Xavier University fell behind its recruitment scheduleC. applicants to Xavier University fell by about half of last year‟s recordD. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions54. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both _.A. freezing tuitionsB. extending application deadlinesC. hosting meetingsD. increasing scholarships55. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its ____________.A. new enrollment policiesB. aggressive recruitment scheduleC. academic positionD. financial situationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words on the Answer Sheet.In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society‟s sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.(注意：此部分试题请在答题纸上作答)56. What is the passage mainly about?57. The function of the government is to ________________________________?58. What is the starting point of a more realistic approach?59. Business can and does generate its own order, but ________________.60. Government depend less on business because ___________________________.Part IV Error Detection and Correction (10 points, 1 point each) Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved youshould proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Writedown your correction on the Answer Sheet.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correctone in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “Λ”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary with a slash “/” and put theword in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example:When Λ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (1) an(2) never(3) exhibitAs one of the many outgrowths of the sweeping federal health carelaw, health insurances and employers must now pay the cost of screening 61.____ children for obesity and providing them with appropriate counseling.With about one in three children in America obese and overweight, 62.____ the need for such programs is clear. But experts say, creating them willbe challenging. More than intensive hospital-based programs, few proven 63.____ models exist for helping children and adolescents achieve and maintain ahealthier weight, and researchers do not even fully understand the factorsthat contributed the rapid rise in childhood obesity in recent years. 64.____ While there are many community efforts aimed at getting every childto eat better and exercise more, including Michelle Obama‟s “Let‟s Move”initiative, there is also growing demand for programs help children who 65.____ are already seriously overweight. WellPoint and the UnitedHealth Group,another large insurer, are experimenting with the new approaches, and 66.____ even Weight Watchers says it is working to develop a program for childrenand teenagers. Drug companies and medical device makers are also testingsome products for children. 67.____ Adults have a difficult enough time lose weight, and the issues are 68.____ even more complicated with children and teenagers, experts say. Childrenare still growing, and the goal of any program maybe to help them grow 69.____ into a healthier weight rather than to actually gain pounds. Experts also 70.____ say that to be successful, programs need to focus on the family as a whole,changing what everybody eats and how much time they are all active, notsitting in front of a computer screen or television.Part V Translation (15 points, 3 points each)Directions:Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet..。
博士生英语试题及答案
博士生英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. PhenomenonD. Fact2. Which of the following is the correct usage of "affect"?A. The weather will affect tomorrow.B. The weather will be affected by tomorrow.C. The weather will affect tomorrow's plans.D. The weather will be affected to tomorrow's plans. ...10. In the sentence "He is one of the most talented students in the class," the word "talented" refers to:A. GiftedB. EducatedC. SkilledD. Trained答案：1. C2. C...10. A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ of the new policy has caused a lot of controversy.A. implementationB. introductionC. executionD. application2. Despite his _______, he managed to finish the project on time.A. illnessB. healthC. sicknessD. disease...10. The _______ of the experiment was to determine the effects of different variables.A. purposeB. goalC. aimD. target答案：1. B2. A...10. C三、阅读理解（每篇5分，共20分）阅读以下文章，回答后面的问题。
博士学位英语考试真题及答案
博士学位英语考试真题及答案题目1：Which of the following statements is true about academic writing?A. It often uses informal language.B. It avoids using citations from other sources.C. It emphasizes clarity and precision.D. It does not require careful planning.答案：C题目2：The main purpose of a research paper is to ____.A. entertain the readerB. persuade the readerC. present new ideas or findingsD. describe personal experiences答案：C题目3：In academic writing, a citation is used to ____.A. add humor to the textB. support an argument with evidenceC. increase the word countD. make the text more creative答案：B题目4：When writing an abstract for a research paper, it is important to ____.A. include detailed experimental proceduresB. provide a summary of the main pointsC. discuss the limitations of the studyD. present personal opinions about the topic答案：B题目5：Plagiarism refers to the act of ____.A. copying someone else's work without proper citationB. using complex vocabulary to impress readersC. avoiding using citations in academic writingD. discussing personal opinions in a research paper答案：A题目6：In academic writing, a thesis statement is a sentence that ____.A. entertains the reader with a jokeB. presents the main argument or purpose of the paperC. provides background information about the topicD. discusses the limitations of previous research答案：B题目7：The passive voice is often used in academic writing to ____.A. sound more informalB. emphasize the actions of the subjectC. avoid mentioning who performed an actionD. make the text more creative答案：C题目8：Effective academic writing should be ____.A. vague and ambiguousB. concise and focusedC. full of unnecessary detailsD. written in a conversational style答案：B请注意，这些题目只是示例，并不代表真实的博士学位英语考试题目。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语PhD Exam Questions and Answers: EnglishIntroduction:For individuals pursuing a doctoral degree, the PhD exam is a critical milestone that tests their knowledge and competency in their chosen field. In this article, we will explore selected PhD exam questions and provide comprehensive answers in English. The questions cover a range of topics and aim to assess the candidate's understanding and analytical skills.Question 1:Discuss the impact of technology on global communication.Answer 1:Technology has revolutionized global communication, breaking down barriers and creating new opportunities. The widespread availability of the internet and social media platforms has enabled instantaneous connection across continents. This has facilitated the exchange of information and ideas, fostering collaboration and innovation on a global scale. Additionally, technology has made communication more accessible and affordable, bridging the gap between individuals and cultures. However, there are challenges, such as language barriers and the digital divide, that need to be addressed to ensure equal access to communication technologies worldwide.Question 2:Explain the concept of sustainable development and its significance in today's world.Sustainable development refers to the practice of meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes the integration of economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. In today's world, sustainable development is of utmost importance due to various reasons. The increasing population and consumption patterns have put significant pressure on natural resources and ecosystems. Sustainable development offers a framework to balance economic development with environmental conservation, ensuring the well-being of current and future generations. It is crucial for addressing climate change, poverty, and inequality, creating a more equitable and resilient society.Question 3:Discuss the impact of globalization on cultural diversity.Answer 3:Globalization has both positive and negative impacts on cultural diversity. On one hand, globalization promotes the sharing and exchange of diverse cultures, leading to increased awareness and appreciation of different traditions and practices. It allows individuals to explore and celebrate cultural diversity, fostering tolerance and understanding. On the other hand, globalization can also lead to cultural homogenization, where dominant cultures overshadow and erode unique local traditions. The influx of global media and consumerism has the potential to dilute indigenous cultures. It is essential to strike a balance, preserving cultural heritage while embracing the benefits of global interconnectedness.Examine the role of ethics in scientific research.Answer 4:Ethics plays a fundamental role in scientific research, ensuring the integrity, validity, and societal impact of scientific endeavors. Researchers have a responsibility to conduct their work with honesty, transparency, and respect for participants and subjects. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, protecting confidentiality, and minimizing harm to individuals and the environment. Additionally, ethical research practices involve avoiding plagiarism, fraudulent data manipulation, and conflicts of interest. Upholding ethical standards promotes the credibility and trustworthiness of scientific findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge for the betterment of society.Conclusion:The PhD exam questions presented above provide a glimpse into the diverse topics that candidates may encounter during their doctoral journey. These questions necessitate critical thinking, extensive knowledge, and effective communication skills. By thoroughly understanding and successfully answering such questions, individuals demonstrate their readiness to contribute to their respective fields of study. The pursuit of a PhD is not only an academic endeavor but also a commitment to expanding knowledge and making a positive impact on society.。
大学博士英语考试试题及解析
Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14．us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain islike the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A．D．, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B．C．concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness believed to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed cancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U．S．economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals,large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2004 and 2008 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U．S．consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit.And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U．S．economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U．S．B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U．S．Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n．1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece was intended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n．10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality.Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea.Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire, resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them.It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J．C．Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t．Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r．Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it nearly on the Answer Sheet (2).In China, minimum wage becomes higher in many places. But people disagree over its benefits and drawbacks. Supporters say it increases the worker’s standard of living, while opponents say it increase unemployment. What do you think?。
英语考博试题及答案
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士专业英语试题及答案
博士专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to endure over the long haul.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Social equityD) Unlimited resource consumption3. The phrase "paradigm shift" in academic writing often refers to:A) A change in the weatherB) A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptionsC) A minor adjustment in perspectiveD) A change in political leadership4. The concept of "ecosystem services" is associated with which field of study?A) EconomicsB) EcologyC) SociologyD) Political science5. In the context of climate change, "mitigation" refers to:A) Adapting to the effects of climate changeB) Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Planting more treesD) Moving populations to less affected areas6. The term "peer review" in academic publishing is a process where:A) Authors review each other's workB) Journal editors review all submissionsC) Experts in the field evaluate and critique manuscriptsD) The public reviews and comments on published articles7. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A) Solar powerB) Wind powerC) Nuclear powerD) Hydroelectric power8. The "Kyoto Protocol" is an international treaty linked to:A) Biodiversity conservationB) Climate changeC) International tradeD) Space exploration9. "Circular economy" is a model of production and consumption that:A) Encourages the use of non-renewable resourcesB) Minimizes waste and promotes recyclingC) Focuses on mass production and consumptionD) Ignores the environmental impact of production10. The "Precautionary Principle" in environmental policy suggests that:A) Action should be taken only after full scientific certainty is achievedB) Scientific uncertainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent harmC) Environmental policies should be based solely on economic considerationsD) Environmental harm should be accepted as a cost of economic growth二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.12. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of __________ gases in the atmosphere.13. In a __________ economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of resources.14. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of __________.15. The __________ Principle states that it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to potential harm to the environment.16. The __________ is a global environmental facility that provides grants for projects that benefit the global environment.17. The __________ is a set of international rules for the trade and use of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.18. "Eco-friendly" products are designed to have the leastpossible __________ on the environment.19. The __________ is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.20. The __________ is a branch of environmental science concerned with the study of the total environment of a given area, both physical and biological.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Define the term "sustainable development" and explain its three main pillars.22. What are the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?23. Describe the role of "stakeholders" in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR).24. Explain the concept of "ecological footprint" and why it is important for environmental conservation.四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）25. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.26. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements in addressing global environmental issues.五、翻译题（共30分）27. Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (15 points):"Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are three of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for sustainable solutionsthat balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection is more urgent than ever."28. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (15 points):"可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求。
博士英语考试试题及答案
博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案：D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案：a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案：B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案：C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案：B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案：A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案：B四、翻译（共20分）10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案：技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
2016英语试题及答案
2016英语试题及答案一、听力部分（共30分）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。
（每题2分，共10分）A) 男声 B) 女声 C) 男声和女声(1) What is the man doing now?A. Reading a book.B. Watching TV.C. Cooking dinner.(2) Why did the woman go to the store?A. To buy a gift.B. To return a gift.C. To buy groceries.2. 根据所听短文，回答下列问题。
（每题3分，共20分）(1) What is the main topic of the passage?A. Traveling abroad.B. Learning a new language.C. Starting a new hobby.(2) What does the speaker suggest doing to improve language skills?A. Watching movies.B. Listening to music.C. Joining a language club.二、阅读理解部分（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共20分）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given(1) The author has been to Paris three times.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given(2) The author prefers to travel alone.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. 阅读下列短文，回答下列问题。
（每题4分，共20分）(1) What is the author's opinion about traveling with a group?A. It's convenient but lacks freedom.B. It's the best way to travel.C. It's not enjoyable at all.(2) Why does the author enjoy traveling alone?A. Because it's cheaper.B. Because it allows for more flexibility.C. Because it's more challenging.三、完形填空部分（共15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士生英语考试真题试卷
博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法（共10题）1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案：B。
解析：“have an impact on...”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里主语是“the new discovery”，为第三人称单数，所以用“has”。
2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案：A。
解析：“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专心于……”；“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”；“concentrate on”（集中精力于），这里需要用“absorbed”。
3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案：C。
解析：在“It is essential that...”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以这里用“have”。
4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案：A。
解析：“consist of”表示“由……组成”，主动形式；“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”，但为被动形式；“compose”的用法是“be composed of”，这里主语是“the committee”，所以用“consists”。
浙江大学考博英语-试卷3
浙江大学考博英语-试卷3(总分：112.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Structure and Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.Outside my office window there is a fire______on the right.（分数：2.00）A.escape √dderC.stepsD.stairs解析：解析：fire escape意为“防火安全楼梯(位于楼房的外侧面)”；ladder意为“梯子”；steps意为“台阶”；stairs意为“楼梯”，指室内的。
故选A。
2.I______with the Browns during my stay in New York City.（分数：2.00）A.put inB.put downC.put onD.put up √解析：解析：put up意为“宿夜”；put in意为“度过，消磨(时间等)”；put down意为“写下，记录”；put on意为“上演，演出”。
故选D。
3.Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：2.00）A.exhausted √B.unhealthyC.upsetD.fearful解析：解析：exhausted意为“精疲力竭的”；unhealthy意为“不健康的”；upset意为“苦恼的，不适的”；fearful意为“担心的，可怕的”。
故选A。
4.Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables______the black market.（分数：2.00）A.on √B.atC.inD.for解析：解析：on the market意为“上市，出售中”，其他介词搭配不合适。
2016年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
2016年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2016年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一(Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once,after you hear the question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I feel faint.Man:No wonder.You haven’t had a bite all day.Question:What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let’s begin with question Number1.1. A.At ten next Wednesday. B.At three next Wednesday.C.At ten next Monday.D.At three next Monday.2. A.A dull pain. B.A piercing pain.C.A burning pain.D.A numb pain.3. A.He is going to get married. B.He is going to get his bachelor’s degree.C.He will count on the woman for help.D.He will bring his own booze to the party.4. A.Pizza is her favorite food. B.Pizza is her second choice.C.She dislikes the man’s idea.D.She couldn’t agree with the man more.5. A.Jack’s girlfriend is mad at him. B.Jack has fallen in love with Debra.C.Debra is prettier than Jack’s girl friend.D.Jack wants to break up with his girlfriend.6. A.It will rain soon. B.It’s right to be proposed.C.She is worried about the weather.D.To be safe,they’d better stay at home.7. A.He is a great big-wave surfer. B.He is a trouble-maker.C.He is a nice guy.D.He is very weird.8. A.$60 B.$40 C.$360 D.$309. A.Quit smoking. B.Go jogging every morning.C.Work out in the gym.D.Go on a diet.10. A.100. B.232. C.132. D.332.11. A.Mary isn’t his type. B.He fell in love with Mary at first sight.C.Mary was not pretty enough.D.He won’t teach Mary chemistry.12. A.Play tennis. B.Take out the trash.C.Play computer games.D.Go to court for a lawsuit.13. A.In the school. B.At school.C.In the hospital.D.To the dorm.14. A.She is seriously ill.B.She has to look after her husband at home.C.She will persuade her husband to go to hospital.D.She will be taken good care of by her sister and daughter.15. A.She makes a living now as a dressmaker. B.She makes a living now as a landlady.C.She worries a lot about her health.D.She now lives on her pension.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A, B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16. A.A duodenal ulcer. B.Stomach ulcer.C.A mouth ulcer.D.A skin ulcer.17. A.Have an operation. B.Try medical means.C.See a psychiatrist.D.Be off work for a while.18. A.Overweight. B.Smoking. C.Heredity. D.Stress.19. A.He is a light smoker. B.He is a casual smoker.C.He is a heavy smoker.D.He is a moderate smoker.20. A.Stop smoking. B.Have a surgery.C.Eat regularly and exercise more.D.Make an appointment with Dr.Oakes. Passage One21. A.He is a man who has a gene of longevity.B.He is a professor at Boston University.C.He is the owner of the website .D.He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. A.Women don’t like red meat as much as men.B.The high estrogen level in women makes the differences.C.Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.D.The incidence of cardiovascular disease is much lower in women.23. A.In their50s and60s. B.In their60s and70s.C.In their70s and80s.D.In their80s and90s.24. A.Calcium. B.Iodine. C.Zinc. D.Iron.25. A.The reason why red meat is harmful to health.B.The reason why vegetarian food is so popular.C.Another possibility for women’s longevity.D.The important role iron plays in cellular reactions.Passage Two26. A.He was the owner of a grocery store.B.He was a convict laboring at a junkyard.C.He struggled under the strain of poverty.D.He lived happily with his wife and three kids.27. A.He is a stockbroker.B.He is an investment advisor.C.He is the manager of a mutual fund.D.He is a teacher at local community college.28. A.Indecision. B.Arrogance.C.Ignorance.D.Fear.29. A.He began teaching on investment at college.B.He began reading investment books and then began practicing.C.He began learning how to become a successful stockbroker.D.He began investing big money in a mutual fund each month.30. A.Man errs as long as he strives.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.Where there is a will,there is a way.D.The good seaman is known in bad weather.PartⅡVocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Employers have a legal obligation to pay_____to their workers for injuries.pensationpromisemodityD.consumption32.The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to____.A.alleviateB.aggravateC.extinguishD.intervene33.But despite all the legal hustle and bustle,they don’t actually expect to____death sentences tolife terms without parole.A.induceB.convertC.reviveD.swerve34.To maintain physical well-being,a person should eat____food and get sufficient exercise.A.integralB.grossC.wholesomeD.intact35.The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the____and stability of Hong Kong at all costs isa great encouragement to the local finance.A.provisionB.prosperityC.privilegeD.preference36.It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that“their lives will not be____as a result ofbed shortages”.A.facilitatedB.forfeitedC.fulfilledD.furnished37.The cause of his death has been a mystery and_____unknown so far.A.exclusivelyB.superficiallyC.utterlyD.doubtfully38.It is known that some ways of using resources____can destroy the environment as well as thepeople living in it.A.recklesslyB.sparinglyC.sensiblyD.incredibly39.Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through____water.A.filteredB.distilledC.contaminatedD.purified40.We welcome him not_____as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A.by the wayB.at all eventsC.by no meansD.in any sense Section BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.In any event,lethal injections are under federal scrutiny.A.sanctionB.restrictionC.censusD.examination42.The humble tomato could become a(n)potent weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.A.inexpensiveB.powerfulC.conventionalD.lethal43.Men’s perception of the amount of caregiving they do is completely at odds.A.in tune withB.in favor ofC.for the sake ofD.in disagreement with44.Huangshan Mountain is eminent for its natural scenery and deserves a visit.A.renownedB.notoriousC.popularD.mysterious45.Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.A.severityB.reliabilityC.varietyD.specificity46.He is usually well-behaved,this rudeness is only a(n)lapse.A.errorB.sinC.guiltD.offense47.Did you detect a touch of jaundice in her remark?A.grievanceB.sympathyC.jealousyD.indignation48.In1912,German doctors attempted to treat children who had underactive thyroids with normalthyroid cells,but to little avail.A.by no meansB.in vainC.of no accountD.at stake49.To many observers,he spent his wealth lavishly.A.fearlesslyB.conspicuouslyC.wastefullyD.ferociously50.At present,no medical therapy is known to affect progressions of rheumatic mitral stenosis.A.deteriorationB.accumulationC.expansionD.promotionPartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.Humans are the only species known to have consciousness,awareness that we have brains and bodies51adaptability that we can affect the course our lives take,that we can make choices52that vastly affect the quality of our lives—biologically,intellectually,environmentally,and spiritually. As humans,we have the ability to mold our53beings to become what or who we wish to become. While some of us may,54,have genetic and biological imperatives that may require medication or training to overcome,or at least to modulate,the vast majority of us do,in fact,hold our emotional 55in our hands.All that56,until the last decade,scientists believed that the human brain and its connections were formed during gestation and infancy and remained57unchanged through childhood.They believed that humans had a given number of neurons in a specific brain structure,and58the number might vary among people,once you were done with childhood development,you were set in this59.Your connections were already made,and the learning and growing period of your brain was over.In the last decade,however,researchers have found60evidence that this is not so,and that something called neuroplasticity continues throughout our lives.51. A.careful about B.capable of C.accessible to D.susceptible to52. A.in the event B.in an attempt C.at the moment D.along the way53. A.exclusive B.very C.just D.exact54. A.indeed B.however C.moreover D.therefore55. A.demonstration B.dimension C.destiny D.determination56. A.has been said B.being said C.was said D.is said57. A.more or less B.pretty much C.as ever D.if any58. A.while B.despite C.nevertheless D.since59. A.case B.mold C.sense D.condition60. A.different B.similar C.insufficient D.significantPartⅣReading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneParents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament,biology,and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern.It can be frustrating when children’s sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule.Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention,but it will have beneficial results throughout life.An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical sleep-wake cycle in children will help alleviate any unfounded concerns.Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems.Observant parents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or those that persist or intensify.Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the sleep-wake cycle and in the type and frequency of parasomnias that may interrupt sleep.Medical consultation to rule out illness,infection of injury is prudent if the child’s sleep problems prevent adequate sleep and result in an ongoing sleep deficit.As reported by News-Medical in Child Health News,children’s sleep problems should be taken seriously as they may be a“marker”for predicting later risk of early adolescent substance use.In the same article.University of Michigan psychiatry professor Kirk Brower,who has studied“the interplay of alcohol and sleep in adults”stressed that“The finding does not mean there’s a cause-and-effect relation-ship.”Consultation with a child psychologist may be helpful if frightening dreams intensify and become more frequent as this may indicate a particular problem or life circumstance that needs to be changed or one that the child may need extra help working through.Most childhood sleep disturbance will diminish over time as the brain matures and a regular sleep-wake cycle is established.Parental guidance is crucial to development of healthy sleep habits in children.6l.To have a journey of discovery with each child,according to the passage,is_____.A.to discover their unique sleep-wake cyclesB.to follow their behavioral preferencesC.to alleviate their sleeping problemsD.to explore their asset62.In the first paragraph,the author suggests that parents____.A.seek professional consultation for their child’s sleep problemB.adjust their household schedule to the child’s sleeping habitC.take their child’s unfounded concerns into considerationD.keep a diary on sleep pattern for their child63.Where there exists a“marker”in the child,according to the passage____.A.it might lead to his or her early substance useB.he or she will carry it all his or her lifeC.it might interrupt his or her sleep patternD.he or she is destined to be an alcoholic64.What is the author trying to tell us in the third paragraph?A.It takes time to combat sleeping problem in children.B.Sometimes parents need to seek professional assistance.C.Parents cannot afford to neglect their child’s sleeping problem.D.Much importance should be attached to the child’s life circumstance.65.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Child sleep disturbance and its future impact.B.Child sleep disturbance and its family history.C.Parent’s role in building their child’s healthy sleeping habit.D.A psychological perspective on sleep disturbance in children.Passage TwoThe United States and England each has a major—and unique—health-care challenge, according to a study comparing the health of senior citizens in the two countries.The study, conducted by researchers from RAND Corporation in the United States and Institute for Fiscal Studies in the United Kingdom,found that disease and health disorder incidence was higher among U.S.senior citizens,but mortality rates were higher among English senior citizens.Americans aged65and older have almost twice the rate of diabetes found among their English counterparts and more than double the rate of cancer.Nevertheless,death rate among Americans65 and older is lower.“Americans are a sicker group of people who tend to live longer,”says James Smith,a study co-author,He attributes the U.S.health problems to lifestyle factors,including poor eating habits and inadequate exercise.Americans tend to eat much larger servings of food,for example,“There is what I call an American plate.When we go to a restaurant,it’s plate I can’t even eat any more.It’s a plate with so much food on if it’s not even appealing to me.”Smith also says that English adults are generally much more physically active than Americans. Biking and walking are much common in everyday life in England.He observes that“there is a lot of walking in London,and there is a lot of bicycle riding.I don’t see people in downtown Los Angeles on their bicycles.”On the other hand,England’s problem is that doctors fail to diagnose serious conditions early enough.American doctors tend to screen patients for cancer,diabetes,and other illnesses more frequently.Smith notes“American medicine is much more aggressive.It leads to high costs,but it has benefits,too”.66.The study’s results indicated______.A.an urgent call for health promotion among English and American senior citizensB.health disparities between English and American senior citizensC.a close relation between disease incidence and mortality rateD.a significant rise in mortality rates among senior citizens67.Which of the following is a unique health care challenge for English senior citizens whencompared with their American counterparts?A.A higher death rate.B.A higher rate of cancer.C.A higher incidence of disease.D.A lower tendency to have diabetes.68.What does James Smith imply by an American plate?A.A sedentary American lifestyles.B.American junk foods on the table.C.A large portion of food consumed by Americans.D.Severe malnutrition among American senior citizens.69.The Americans’unique health-care challenge according to James Smith,is derived from____.A.their unusual forms of physical activitiesB.their different geographic locationC.their genetic likelihood of obesityD.their unhealthy lifestyle factors70.Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine___.A.better improves the quality of life among its senior citizensB.benefits more seniors who need medical careC.facilitates its senior citizens to live longerD.helps its senior citizens live healthierPassage ThreeLess meat and dairy in our diets could help reduce agricultural greenhouse gases by as much as 80%by2055,according to a recent study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK).The researchers created global land-use model to project likely outcomes given different scenarios involving consumer dietary trends and changes in agriculture production methods.The models take into consideration population growth,the world economy,and other factors.The researchers found that,if meat and dairy consumption patterns remain constant of increase, the associated global agricultural omissions will increase significantly.On the other hand,a25% reduction over the next40years would help bring levels to where they were around1995.Methane and nitrous oxide in particular could be reduced if less meat and dairy is produced and consumed.These gases are caused largely by livestock waste and synthetic fertilizers.Around two-thirds of nitrous-oxide emissions come from agriculture—and most of that as a result of either raising animals or producing the feed used to raise them.Consumers’food choices,combined with what one PIK researcher terms“technical mitigation options on the producers side”could make an enormous impact on these emissions.While not nearly as much methane or nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide,both are significantly more potent and they form substantial pieces of the greenhouse gas pie.Both of these gases trap heat and radiation in the atmosphere much more effectively than does carbon dioxide.The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency cites methane as being“21times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide over a100-year time period.”Nitrous oxide is more than300times more effective than CO2.While the PIK study doesn’t detail exactly which consumer choices and eating habits can help reverse the trend,it seems clear that less is more when it comes to consuming meat and dairy products.71.The current PIK study____.A.was nothing but a what-ifB.was based on the global land-use modelsC.managed to reduce agricultural greenhouse gasesD.changed the patterns of meat and dairy consumption72.As the PIK results imply,it is possible____.A.to keep the consumption patterns unchanged over the next40yearsB.to reduce the emissions by25%over the next40yearsC.to maintain a constant drop in the consumptionD.to return to the emission levels around199573.Simply put,to produce and consume less meat and dairy is to____.A.reduce more methane and nitrous oxide emissionsB.produce more economic benefits for agricultureC.cut two-thirds more of nitrous-oxide emissionsD.have more technical mitigation options74.The greenhouse gas pie tells us_____.A.the importance of being a vegetationB.no need to worry about carbon dioxideC.the priorities in the environmental protectionD.the best consumer choice for meat and dairy products75.What can be the best title for the passage?A.Eating HealthyB.From Farm to PlateC.Green House EffectD.Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage FourToday this dangerous situation has been largely alleviated.Henry,a77-year-old pensioner from East London,still lies alone and happily practices golf swings in his back garden safe in the knowledge that his body is able to cope with the extra exertion.What has altered Henry’s life is not some wonder drug but a simple change in the way his illness is managed.Every day Henry hooks himself up to monitoring devices whose results have helped him to understand it and overcome its more debilitating effects.”Telehealth has given me confidence in myself because I know my own body now,”he says.He adjusts what he does according to what his daily readings tell him about his condition.Henry is just one of a growing number of pioneering patients who are trusting their futures to rge trials are under way around the world to evaluate the idea.With elderly populations and the incidence of age-related illnesses growing telehealth promises to give peoplethe independence they need to remain in their own homes.It could also reduce the burden of healthcare costs.The disorder that makes Henry’s life so difficult is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (DOPD),a condition that affects some800,000people in England.The airways in his lungs have narrowed,leaving him with severe shortness of breath and blood oxygen levels that can fall dangerously low.With his new equipment,Henry can keep a close eye on how his body is doing.He received for measuring his blood oxygen level and pulse rate,a blood pressure monitor and a set of speaking scales.Each connects wirelessly to a unit collates the readings and sends them to a team of medical specialists,who watch for suspicious changes.If the readings look bad,they call him to discuss appropriate action.Henry too can see the readings on his television,where they are displayed with the help of a special set-top box.Whether a day is good or bad depends largely on Henry’s blood oxygen level.Before joining the telehealth program,he could only guess at that.Now he knows if the reading is low,he can take action.When the reading is high,he can go about his business confident that his oxygen level will see him through.“Telehealth is a good thing for me,”says Henry.“I know that on the other end of the telephone there’s a little angel and if anything goes wrong it shows up on the television and she’s on the phone within five minutes.”76.What can be said of Henry?A.His illness was wrongly diagnosed.B.He lived alone without medical care.C.His life was improved with telehealth.D.He used to be a professional golf player.77.Henry activates his daily health management_____.A.with a receipt of the doctor’s order on his conditionB.by getting hooked up to the monitoring devicesC.by giving a ring to the community doctorD.with the practice of golf swings78.As one of the pioneering patients,Henry____.A.receives the most benefits from telehealthB.puts his life in the hands of a medical teamC.seems to carry out well the intents of telehealthD.is actively involved in evaluating telehealth globally79.What is the most important about the telehealth technology in the case of Henry?A.His illness can be brought back to normal as expected.B.It can rid him of the debilitating effects due to his illness.C.It helps him better understand the readings on the television.D.His condition can be kept under continuous surveillance at home.80.Thanks to the telehealth technology,Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level,thus____.A.having a good dayB.building up his confidenceC.getting hospitalized in no timeD.having no trouble doing physical labor Passage FiveWhen it comes to health,which is more important,nature or nurture?You may well think your genes are a more important predictor of health and ill health.Not so fast.In fact,it transpires that our everyday environment outweighs our genetics,big time,when it comes to measuring our risk of disease.The genome is out—welcome the exposure.“The exposure represents everything a person is exposed to in the environment,that’s not in the genes,”says Stephen Rappaport,environmental health scientist at the University of California, Berkeley.That includes stress,diet,lifestyle choices,recreational and medicinal drug use and infections,to name a few.“The big difference is that the exposure changes throughout life as our bodies,diets and lifestyles change,”he says.While our understanding of the human genome has been growing at an exponential rate over the last decade,it is not as helpful as we hoped in predicting diseases.“Genes only contribute10 percent to the overall disease burden,”says Rappaport.“Knowing genetic risk factors can prove absolutely futile,”says Jeremy Nicholson at Imperial College London.He points to work by Nina Paynter at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston,who investigated the effect of10l genetic markers implicated in heart disease.After following over19,000women for12years,she found these markers were not able to predict anything about the incidence of heart disease in this group.On the other hand,the impact of environmental influences is still largely a mystery.“There’s an imbalance between our ability to investigate the genome and the environment,”says Chris Wild, director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer,who came up with the idea of the exposure.In reality,most diseases are probably caused by a combination of the two,which is where the exposure comes in.“The idea is to have a comprehensive analysis of a person’s full exposure history,”says Wild.He hopes a better understanding of exposures will shed a brighter light on disease risk factors.There are likely to be critical periods of exposure in development.For example,the time from birth to3years of age is thought to be particularly important.“We know that this is the time when brain connections are made,and that if you are obese by this age,you’ll have problems as an adult,”says Nicholson.81.Rappaport argues that a major threat to our human health_____.A.lies in our exposureB.is growing to take shapeC.decides our social environmentD.is changing with the human genetic evolution82.What can be said of the exposure according to Rappaport?A.Static.B.Reliable.C.Predictable.D.Changeable.83.Speaking of genes,Rappaport would say that_____.A.the human genome project is a mere waste of timeB.there is no such a thing as predictive medicineC.genetic evolution is almost staticD.we do not live only by our genes84.Even though we cannot pinpoint the exact impact of environmental influence,Wild contendsthat______.A.we have the exposure contributing significantly to our health or ill healthB.we can strike a balance between the human body and its exposuresC.each of us leaves a unique exposure history in the environmentD.we can manage the exposure as expected85.Particularly important,according to Nicholson,is the time when_____.A.obesity occursB.the brain is injuredC.the exposure comes inD.the exposures are not blockedPassage SixPublishing in scientific journals is the most common and powerful means to disseminate new research findings.Visibility and credibility in the scientific world require publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI).Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process,exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments.For science to become maximally influential and productive across the globe,this needs to change.The economy of electronic publication,open access,and property rights fuel current academic and policy debates about scientific publishing in the industrialized world.The concerns in the developing world(with few ISI-indexed journals)focus on more fundamental questions,such as sustaining local research activity and achieving the appropriate global reach of its science activities.The essence of the African situation is captured by R.J.W.Tijssen’s analysis of publications by African authors,which was based not only on data from ISI indexing databases,but also on publications not indexed in this system.Surprisingly,half of the South African citations in the indexed ISI literature are to articles in nonindexed,locally published journals.Also,several nonindexed local journals are cited in the ISI system at about the same rate as are indexed journals. The share of indexed articles with at least one author with an African address remains steady at about1%.About half of the ISI-indexed papers with at least one author with an African address have non-African partners outside of the continent.These figures vary,country by country, sometimes in surprising ways.For example,85%of the papers published from Mali or Gabon involve collaborations on other continents,versus39%and29%,respectively,for South African and Egypt,the continent’s leading research producers.Thus,much of the Africa research system is now highly dependent on collaborations.How can the global reach and potential impact of scientific research in Africa and other developing countries be optimized?Of primary importance is boosting the quality and quantity of。
2016年浙江工商大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年浙江工商大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Visitors to India are often surprised to find that Taj Mahal is an almost ______ topic of conversation.A．unexhaustedB．inexhaustibleC．inexhaustiveD．inexhausting正确答案：B解析：本题考查同根词的派生含义辨析。
unexhaused“取之不尽”，inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”，鲜有inexhaustive和inexhausting的用法。
题干旨在描述泰姬陵在印度永远都是个话题，所以选择B最恰当。
2．English Test in Doctorial entrance examination is designed to observe the examinees’ English ______in reading, writing, and translating.A．proficiencyB．persistencyC．consistencyD．sufficiency正确答案：A解析：本题考查形近词辨析。
proficiency“专业度”，persistency“坚持性”，consistency“一致性”，sufficiency“充分性”。
根据题干含义，填入proficiency 是正确的。
3．Mr. Taylor felt very______at the suggestion that he had stolen the car.A．impatientB．indigenousC．intolerantD．indignant正确答案：D解析：本题考查形近词辨析。
浙江工业大学博士入学英语考试真题
浙江工业大学博士入学英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Zhejiang University of Technology Ph.D. Entrance Exam English TestPart I: Listening ComprehensionSection A: ConversationsDirections: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Choose the best response to each question and mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.1.A. He can eat ice cream in class.B. He cannot eat ice cream in class.C. He can eat ice cream outside.D. He cannot eat ice cream at all.2.A. The woman should arrive at the office.B. The woman does not need to go to the office.C. The woman should not bring the files.D. The woman should call the office.Section B: TalksDirections: In this section, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear four questions. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.3.A. Water pollution.B. Air pollution.C. Deforestation.D. Climate change.4.A. To show the importance of recycling.B. To promote green technology.C. To raise awareness about environmental issues.D. To encourage people to plant trees.Part II: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions 1-51. What kind of organizations can participate in the Green Campus Initiative?A. Only universities.B. Only schools.C. Any organization.D. Only government agencies.2. When was the Green Campus Initiative started?A. In 2005.B. In 2006.C. In 2007.D. In 2008.3. What is the purpose of the Green Campus Initiative?A. To reduce water consumption.B. To promote renewable energy.C. To increase carbon emissions.D. To protect the environment.4. What are the benefits of participating in the Green Campus Initiative?A. Cost savings and environmental protection.B. Increased pollution and waste.C. Decreased energy efficiency.D. Reduced safety measures.5. How can organizations get involved in the Green Campus Initiative?A. By donating money.B. By implementing green policies.C. By using more paper.D. By cutting down trees.For the complete test, please visit the official website of Zhejiang University of Technology.篇2Zhejiang University of Technology Doctoral Admission English ExamPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 Points)Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT) is a prestigious university located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. It is renowned for its strong emphasis on engineering and technology education, as well as its commitment to innovation and research. The university offers a wide range of programs at the undergraduate, master's, and doctoral levels, with a diverse student body from all around the world.1. When was Zhejiang University of Technology founded?2. What is the university known for?3. What levels of programs does the university offer?4. Where is the university located?Part II: Writing (60 Points)Write an essay of at least 500 words on the following topic:"Discuss a research topic that you are passionate about and explain why you are interested in pursuing it as a doctoral student at ZJUT."Please remember to provide a clear introduction, main points, and conclusion in your essay. You may also include any relevant personal experiences or motivations that have inspired your research interests.Part III: Speaking (20 Points)Prepare a 3-5 minute presentation on the topic: "The Impact of Technology on Society". You may choose to discuss the positive or negative effects of technology on various aspects of society, such as education, communication, or healthcare.Be sure to present your ideas clearly and convincingly, providing examples or evidence to support your arguments.---This document provides a brief overview of the Zhejiang University of Technology doctoral entrance exam. The exam consists of three parts - reading comprehension, writing, and speaking - which test applicants' English proficiency, critical thinking skills, and ability to communicate effectively. Applicants are required to demonstrate a high level of academic readinessand a strong passion for their chosen research field in order to be admitted to the doctoral program at ZJUT.篇3Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT) Doctoral Entrance Examination - EnglishInstructions: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a major concern for scientists worldwide. With rising temperatures and changing weather patterns, many species are facing threats to their survival. Climate change can disrupt ecosystems, alter habitats, and create new challenges for species that are already struggling to adapt.One of the key ways that climate change affects biodiversity is through changes in temperature. As temperatures rise, some species may be unable to survive in their current habitats and may be forced to migrate to cooler areas. This can lead to competition for resources and conflicts with other species, potentially causing declines in population numbers.Another way that climate change can impact biodiversity is through changes in precipitation patterns. Changes in rainfallcan alter the availability of water, food, and shelter for species, leading to changes in population dynamics and potential extinctions. For example, a decrease in rainfall may lead to desertification in certain regions, causing a loss of habitat for many plants and animals.In addition to changes in temperature and precipitation, climate change can also lead to more extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods. These events can have devastating effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, causing widespread damage and loss of species.Overall, it is clear that climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity. In order to protect our planet's diverse array of species, it is essential that we take action to mitigate the effects of climate change and work towards a more sustainable future.Questions:1. What is one way that climate change can affect biodiversity?2. How can changes in precipitation patterns impact biodiversity?3. What are some examples of extreme weather events that can result from climate change?4. Why is it important to take action to mitigate the effects of climate change on biodiversity?Answers:1. One way that climate change can affect biodiversity is through changes in temperature.2. Changes in precipitation patterns can impact biodiversity by altering the availability of water, food, and shelter for species.3. Extreme weather events that can result from climate change include hurricanes, droughts, and floods.4. It is important to take action to mitigate the effects of climate change on biodiversity in order to protect our planet's diverse array of species and ensure a sustainable future.。
英语博士考试真题电子版
英语博士考试真题电子版The importance of obtaining a Ph.D. in English cannot be overstated. Not only does it provide individuals with a deep understanding of the English language and literature, but it also opens up a wide range of career opportunities. For those considering pursuing a Ph.D. in English, the English Doctoral Examination is a crucial step in the process.The English Doctoral Examination is a comprehensive test that assesses a candidate's knowledge and understanding of various aspects of English language and literature. It covers a wide range of topics, including literary theory, critical analysis, and research methodologies. The examination consists of both written and oral components, and candidates are required to demonstrate their proficiency in these areas.In order to prepare for the English Doctoral Examination, candidates must engage in extensive study and research. They must familiarize themselves with key literary works, critical theories, and research methods. It is essential for candidates to develop strong analytical and critical thinking skills, as these will be crucial in answering the examination questions effectively.One of the key components of the English Doctoral Examination is the written component, which typically consists of essay questions that require candidates to analyze and interpret literary texts, discuss critical theories, and engage with scholarly debates. Candidates must demonstrate their ability to construct coherent arguments, support their claims with evidence, and engage with complex ideas in a clear and concise manner.The oral component of the English Doctoral Examination is equally important, as it allows candidates to demonstrate their ability to articulate their ideas, engage in scholarly discussions, and defend their research and interpretations. Candidates must be prepared to answer questions from a panel of examiners, engage in debates, and demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the field.Successfully passing the English Doctoral Examination is a significant achievement that opens up a wide range of opportunities for individuals. It not only demonstrates acandidate's expertise in the field of English language and literature but also showcases their ability to engage with complex ideas, conduct original research, and contribute to scholarly debates.In conclusion, the English Doctoral Examination is a crucial step in the process of obtaining a Ph.D. in English. Candidates must be prepared to engage in extensive study and research, develop strong analytical and critical thinking skills, and demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the field. By successfully passing the examination, candidates can embark on a rewarding academic and professional career in the field of English language and literature.。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。