英语科技论文写作
英语科技论文写作(一)
作业
• 结合你导师给定的课题查文献，列出相关 的文献：中、英文综述文章，中、英文博 士硕士论文、权威书籍、重要杂志文献。 • 查相关的专利、国内外目前开展的项目。
如何写科技学术论文
如何写英语科技学术论文
四川大学制造学院苏真伟教授
Brief CV of Zhenwei Su
• 2004-2009: Sichuan University, professor • 1997-2004: UK Universities visiting scholar,post-doc, research fellow • 1982-1997: Sichuan University, PhD, lecturer, associate professor • 1978-1982: Xian Jiaotong University, Mechanical Engineering Department • 1970-1978: Farmer or worker in Sichuan
如何了解我所在领域最具影响力 的研究人员?
如何选择合适的期刊发表论文？
当我们完成了某项研究之后，通常需要选 择一个合适的途径发表自己的研究成果， 那么怎样找到最合适自己研究领域的期刊 发表发表论文呢？您可以利用Web of Science数据库的检索结果分析功能 (Analyze)来解决这一问题。
眼睛犀利， 才能飞得高！
为什么要阅读文献
我们很多的时候，闷在实验室闭门 造车，实在不如稍抽出一点时间看看 文献。 我的大老板说，要想有成绩，别无 他法，只有读，读，大量的读文献， 尤其国外的。
主要的信息源
• 学术期刊（中文、英文） • 博士、硕士论文（中文、英文） • 学术网站（中文、英文） • 专利网站（中文、英文） • 书籍（中文、英文） 对低级研究人员：中文第一 对高级研究人员：英文第一
中英文科技论文写作教程
中英文科技论文写作教程标题一、英文文章标题（Title）的结构：1.完整句子作为题目，这是一种常见的结构，尤其在报刊中常用：Fuzhou Strives for Better Exports（由于是题目，在句尾不能用句号）2.名词+动词不定式结构：这种结构表示将来，因在题目中一般不用will或shallThe Chinese Communist Party to Hold Its 18th Congress3.名词或名词短语+过去分词。
这种结构常用于报道已做过的事情.Capital International Airport Enlarged.北京国际机场扩建4.现代分词短语结构。
Visiting a Friend on a Snowy Night5.介绍短语结构In Memory of ….6.名词或名词短语+介词短语结构Home for the Sailors7.以动词原形开始的短语结构，这种结构常用于带有号召性的题目中。
Server the People8.名词或名词短语结构，例如A small Green City二、注意题目字母的大小写问题1. 题目中除介词、冠词、和连接词的字母全部小写外，其它的词的第一个字母要大写（介词和冠词在题目开头时第一个字母也要大写）My Family and Myself2.题目中全部字母大写，这种形式大多用于书籍封面上的题目，例如：上海简介A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SHANGHAI3.题目第一个词的第一个字母大写外，其它字母一律小写，但遇到专门名词时，该词的第一个字母仍须大写，现在报纸上的题目大都采用这种形式，主要是便于排版。
中国体操选手夺得七枚金牌Chinese gymnasts sweep away seven gold medals三．在英语文章题目中，冠词常可省略，例如美国总统在西方U.S. President in West四、英文文题的一般性原则*文题应准确而清晰反映文章的内容和重点。
科技论文写作英语写作
Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。
英文科技论文写作技巧大全
英文科技论文写作技巧大全英文科技论文的基本格式•Title•Author(s)•Affiliation(s) and address(es) •Abstract•Keywords•Introduction •Experimental •Results and discussion •Conclusion (Summary;Concluding remarks) •Appendix (Abbreviation)•Acknowledgement •References2.基本要求（1）Title长短适中，概括性强，重点突出，一目了然。
（2）Author(s)姓氏和名字要容易弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
（3）Affiliation(s) and address(es)准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。
（4）Abstract不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，应将论文的研究体系、主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等，简明扼要地加以概括。
不要将结论与提要重复使用。
（5）Introduction说明本研究的目的意义。
归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究结果及有关文献，指出本研究与前人研究的不同之处。
说明本论文要解决的问题及方法、手段等。
不宜将本论文的结果在“绪论”中叙述。
（6）Experimental叙述主要的实验过程、方法、仪器设备、试剂来源及规格等。
不宜将实验结果在“实验部分”中叙述。
（7）Results and discussion是论文的核心部分，要求：–数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；–对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑性、自洽性。
–语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的句型和词汇。
（8）Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks)简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。
不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。
（9）References要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
英语科技论文写作——标题写作规则
2.Medicina and Noto VLBI Radiotelescopes: gravitational deformations evaluated with
terrestrial laser scanning
（Medicina和Noto的VLBI射电望远镜:地基激光扫描评估重力变形）
From: W W
3.A survey on object detection in optical remote sensing images
（光学遥感图像目标检测研究综述）
From: Z LFra bibliotek4.Backend and Frontend Strategies for Deployment of WebGIS Services
（Hillbert瞬时频率估计的改进方法）
尽量使用术语表达有关概念
慎重使用缩略语
• 可能有多个解释的缩略语，必须在括号里注明全称 • 全称较长的，已得到科技界公认的缩写可直接使用
如GPS(Global Positioning System), GIS(Geographic Information System),
（全球离散格网系统索引方法的分类与转换）
From: Z J
2.Gravity Deformation Measurements of NASA’s Deep Space Network 70-Meter Reflector
Antennas
（美国宇航局70米深空网络反射面天线重力变形测量）
From: W W
From: W W
3.ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
英语科技论文写作Unit 4
– Use your own words wherever possible. – Avoid including opinions, examples, details and explanations. Do not use such phrases as “as noted in …”, “as shown by …” or “for example, …”. – Eliminate references to tables, figures, or sources found in the references list of the original paper. – Write concise, straightforward English; count every word. – Your abstract must be completely independent of the paper.
– It is an effective practice in preparing your abstract. This is especially important for a descriptive (or
indicative) abstract.
“5 Steps” for Abstract Writing
Likely Mistakes/Common Errors
• Mixed Writing Style
– In this paper, we have given a reason that is why the competitive ability of the national firms is weak. Because the non-national firms can get very cheap labor, under the same technical and economical conditions and the same cost, a non-national firm can produce more output than a national firm does, so it can get much more profit. In this way, the competitive ability of the non-national firm is stronger than the national firms.
英文科技论文写作的一些要点
科技英语论文的写作要点总体原则（3C）：Correct (正确)，Clear (清楚)；Concise (简洁)。
1 论文题名1.1 基本要求(1) 准确(Accuracy)。
题名要准确地反映论文的内容。
作为论文的“标签”，题名既不能过于空泛和一般化，也不宜过于烦琐，使人得不出鲜明的印象。
如果题名中无吸引读者的信息，或写得不堪理解。
为确保题名的含义准确，应尽量避免使用非定量的、含义不明的词，如"rapid"，"new"等；并力求用词具有专指性，如"a vanadium-iron alloy"明显优于"a magnetic alloy"。
(2) 简洁(Brevity)。
题名需用词简短、明了，以最少的文字概括尽可能多的内容。
题名最好不超过10 ~ 12个单词，或100个英文字符（含空格和标点），如若能用一行文字表达，就尽量不要用2 行（超过2行有可能会削弱读者的印象）。
在内容层次很多的情况下，如果难以简短化，最好采用主、副题名相结合的方法，如：Importance of replication in microarray gene expression studies: statistical methods and evidence from repetitive CDNA hybridizations (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(18): 9834 ~ 9839). 其中的副题名起补充、阐明作用，可起到很好的效果。
(3) 清楚(Clarity)。
题名要清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色, 明确表明研究工作的独到之处，力求简洁有效、重点突出。
为表达直接、清楚，以便引起读者的注意，应尽可能地将表达核心内容的主题词放在题名开头。
如The effectiveness of vaccination against in healthy, working adults (N Engl J Med，1995, 333: 889-893)中，如果作者用关键词vaccination作为题名的开头，读者可能会误认为这是一篇方法性文章：How to vaccinate this population? 相反，用effectiveness作为题名中第一个主题词，就直接指明了研究问题：Is vaccination in this population effective? 题名中应慎重使用缩略语。
英文科技论文写作(专业英语)
更新或改进；基础研究着重理论上的新见解，计算方法的另 辟新径
• 学术性
• 透过对所研究的客体外象的观测，分析探讨其内在本质，将感性认 识进行理论上的深化； • 切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌，而将论文写成实验报告 或工作总结。
• 真实性
• 错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失，甚至可能涉 嫌有剽窃行为； • 不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材，引证他人成果必须给出 出处，但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证，
References
• 要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
• 卷号、期数、页数、年份等一定要核对 无误。
一些常见的技术问题
• 不宜使用长句子及不常见的词汇。 • 主从复合句必须有从句也有主句。 • 正确使用名词的单复数
• 不及物动词不可用被动语态。如不可用：was appeared， was occurred等。 • 不宜使用省略式词汇。如：does’nt, should’nt 等。 • 在两个或数个并列成分的最后两个中间加and 连接。
Results and discussion
• 实验结果是整篇论文的基础，因此必须用明白、 流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。 • 要求
– 数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；
– 对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性。
– 语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
Author(s),Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)
• 姓氏和名字要弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
– Ji-HongZhu或JihongZhu
• 单位和地址信息准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息 顺利地与作者联系。
英文科技论文的写作格式与特点
1.4 写摘要的注意事项
1、规范 2、精练 3、具体 4、完整 5、全面
（1）规范
摘要虽然通常摆在正文前面， 但往往是在最后写作。
写摘要应使用正规英语、标准 术语，避免使用缩写字。
最好用第三人称，避免把各种时 态混在一起使用，也避免把陈述式和命令 式混合使用。
（2）精练
文章摘要要精练，不宜列举例证， 不宜与其他研究工作对比。用词必须确切，文 句简明扼要：且忌言之无物，衍文赘语连篇。 要去掉无关紧要的段落、句子、词组及单词， 力求做到字斟句酌，言简意赅，惜墨如金，文 章精练，以节省书写、打印、阅读的精力和时 间。
精简英语摘要，要注意如下几个方面：
A、不用开场白
各国最有影响的材料、物理和电子科学等杂志对文摘 写作有写共同要求。归纳起来有三条：
（1）要说明实验或论证中新观察的事实、结论。如有可能， 还要说明新的理论、处理、仪器、技术等的要点。
（2）要说明新材料名称，新数据，包括物理常数等。如不 能说明，也要提到这些。提到新的项目和新的观察是很重要 的，哪怕它们对本论文的主旨来说仅仅是附带而已。
早年习惯用的开场白为： This is a report on… In this paper the author presents… The purpose of this article is to … 这类套话，应简写成： The paper/author suggests /presents …
D、少用主语形式
有些作者不主张多用，认为多用存在下列问题： • 占去句首醒目的强调位置，平添一个that主语从句，
使重要概念和事实不能及早人目，先睹为快。 • 主句用平淡无力的存在动词be，而有表现力的行为动
小学生英文科技论文写作
小学生英文科技论文写作小学生英文科技论文写作小学生英文科技论文写作1The Chinese nation is a nation with a fine tradition ofdiligence and frugality, and the Chinese people have maintained thisfine style since ancient times.Whether in the production of labor or in daily life, but also embodies this characteristic, always trying to the most economical way, as much as possible to do everything.It is by this good idea that we understand how to save energy.The energy problem is of extraordinary significance to our country as a populous country, with the development of economy, the large-scale development of resources, energy shortages will become more prominent. The influence of the modernization of our country to a great extent.Our country is still so far to promote thrift style of major construction at the Olympic venues, the state is from the actual need to consider, put forward the "thrifty Olympics" slogan; in this year's 55th anniversary National Day have put forward the "thrifty day" slogan.Our country is from the perspective of the whole community, to save energy to do thrifty style of work.Energy savings can reduce spending, boost economic growth, protect our environment, and become a prerequisite for sustainable development, and for our children and grandchildren.In the city the night, roads are lit on both sides of the street intensive but neat, looks like a dragon fly, although this is abeautiful landscape, but many times the light of these lamps are wasted, because a large part of the time, the road is empty, this situation is particularly common in the economic and the traffic is not very developed area.The enormous waste of power resources has a negative impact on the economy of these areas.Then, is there an automatic control device that is convenient for pedestrians and vehicles at night and saves energy?Saving energy is actually reducing energy losses as much as possible.On the remote roads, traffic is very little, and long hours of street lights, no matter whether there are vehicles or vehicles, pedestrians or pedestrians, have caused great waste of energy.Even if there is a vehicle passing, should not all line lights are on, shouldonly in the vehicle within the effective range of the street light, otherwise it will cause great losses!Pedestrian walking on the road is the same, only in the pedestrian walk within the corresponding range to open the street lamp, to meet the needs of lighting.How can I tell if someone is in the street?We can use an instrument that lights the street automatically when someone or a car is in the street.Then the sensor does not produce air through sound vibration control, but through the vehicles and pedestrians on the road impact and pressure caused by pavement vibration control, the two kinds of vibration is different, otherwise it will be a strange combination of circumstances might be animal sounds, and the roar of the road outside lights, the same as not to the purpose of saving energy.If the noise made by the traffic or pedestrian is too small, the light won't turn onThen, in name only, it doesn't work.Car driving, pedestrian walking, will naturally impact on the ground and pressure, so that the road vibration, which can use the vibration of the road to control whether the street lights bright or extinguished.The device uses shock and pressure vibrations to control the street lights, which can be a good source of energy savings.Power generation needs to consume a lot of resources, save electricity, save resources and protect the environment.Power saving should start from daily life. When using refrigerators at home, the practice of saving electricity is:1.Don't put much food in the fridge2. do not switch the refrigerator door again and again3., in the refrigerator, in the sides and back space, to help the refrigerator cooling4. do not put refrigerators and microwave ovens and other appliances togetherChina is a big producer of batteries and a big consumer of batteries.Now all kinds of electronic products: mobile phone, MP3, Kuaiyitong emerge in an endless stream, electronic calculators, electronic watches, cameras and so on, beyond count, these products require the use of battery.And if the battery after use, not centralized treatment, casually discarded, will cause serious pollution to the environment, for example, a scrap button battery can pollute 600thousand liters of water, it can be seen how dangerous it is.After running out of batteries, we can transport waste batteries tospecialized waste battery processing centers, so that they can help us recycle.This can not only reduce the pollution of the battery, but also can be used second times, killing two birds with one stone.小学生英文科技论文写作2"Ah - ah!"......"I am yawning, squinting, I can not help but raise a question: why do people yawn?What's the secret of yawning?I asked my father and grandpa, and they only talked about it.I can barely understand it, but I still don't understand it.In order to relieve my confusion, I searched the Internet for some information.It turned out that a yawn is six seconds.In this period, can let a person be out of touch with reality, body nerve, muscle relaxation.Yawning, therefore, is a conditioned reflex of deep breathing activity, a physiological response of the brain to nerves when tired, expressing dull, sleepy, or soothing tension in everyday life.Before, Grandpa said yawning was a sign of oxygen deficiency in the brain, which was not the case.On the contrary, by yawning deep breathing, people increase oxygen in the blood and emit more carbon dioxide, which makesus more energetic.People tend to yawn when they are tired, which reminds the body that the brain is tired and needs sleep and rest, so yawning is also a hypnotic method.When people are about to enter the busy work, often yawn, this may be the human body by deep inspiration, so that the blood more oxygen, improve brain activity.In a word, yawning is an instinctive reaction of the human body and has a good protective effect on the human body.What's more, dad said it was wrong.Yawning is awarning that the body needs a break, he said.Looking at the data, I realize that yawning is actually refreshing the brain.And you will find that we often yawn a lot before something important or exciting.It's not that our minds aren't tight enough, but the brain is pumping usdown".When do we yawn?In a long time in the slow yawn or after shallow breathing, a common cause of excessive yawning fatigue, tension, sedentary, do homework or reading, the waistband too tight, overheating room and ventilation.People often yawn when they leave the cinema and other places of amusement. This is not a sign of boredom, but the reason why they sit quietly for too long.After checking the data, I finally understand why peopleyawn.But I have another problem in my heart: hearing people say yawning is contagious.But is it really the case?I don't quite believe it.Butthis time, I don't go online to look up information. I'll do itmyself.That day, I went out with a good friend. It was very late for me to come home.I was yawning and sleepy.Suddenly, I thought it was a good time to do the experiment. I hurried downstairs. Grandma had been losing sleep recently: she couldn't sleep well and sleep hard every night.She always sleeps for a few minutes and wakes up ter, she simply did not sleep all night, watching TV, the morning the people have no spirit, a sickly appearance.All my family were worried about her, whether she would be ill or not.I thought while walking: "since yawning is contagious, then I yawn, and grandma must be yawning."Yawning makes it possible for grandma's nervous nerves to relax.Grandma would fall asleep naturally, and I could finish my experiment.It's really the best way to have the best of both worlds.Think of it, I've got downstairs.Grandma was sitting in front of the television, staring at her bloodshot eyes.I stepped forward quickly, just to call a "grandma", but yawn, but thefirst step on the stage: "ah - ah!"......"Grandma looked at me, and she could not help yawning: "ah - ah!"e, I want to sleep, you can go to sleep.Ah - oh......"As she spoke, she walked back to the room.I looked at Grandma's back, happy to jump three feet high - my experiment succeeded, and grandma's insomnia was cured by me!This yawn is really contagious!The second day, I looked at the book, but also understand why yawning is contagious: brain region when yawning and regional brain activity of sympathy is consistent.That is to say, yawning's "contagion" phenomenon may represent an unconscious mental imitation.。
英语科技论文写作作文
英语科技论文写作作文1. Technology is changing the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly connected to the digital world.2. The development of artificial intelligence is revolutionizing industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. Machines are now able to perform tasks that were once only possible for humans.3. The Internet of Things has transformed our homesinto smart homes, where we can control our appliances and security systems with just a few taps on our smartphones.4. Virtual reality and augmented reality are opening up new possibilities in entertainment, education, and training. We can now immerse ourselves in virtual worlds and interact with digital objects in real time.5. Cybersecurity is a growing concern as more of ourpersonal information is stored online. It is essential to protect our data from hackers and cyber attacks.6. The rise of e-commerce has changed the way we shop, with more people choosing to buy products online rather than in physical stores. This has led to the decline of traditional brick-and-mortar retailers.7. Biotechnology is advancing rapidly, with breakthroughs in gene editing and personalized medicine. Scientists are now able to modify DNA to treat genetic diseases and create targeted therapies for patients.8. Quantum computing is on the horizon, promising to solve complex problems at speeds that are unimaginable with traditional computers. This technology has the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, drug discovery, and climate modeling.。
有关科技的英语作文模板
有关科技的英语作文以下是一篇有关科技的英语作文：Technology: Shaping Our FutureIn today's rapidly evolving world, technology plays a vital role in shaping our lives and driving progress. It has transformed various aspects of society, offering numerous benefits and opportunities.One of the significant impacts of technology is in the field of communication. We now have instant access to information through the internet and mobile devices, enabling us to connect with people globally at a click of a button.Moreover, technology has revolutionized education. E-learning platforms provide accessible and flexible learning opportunities, breaking down geographical barriers and enabling widespread knowledge sharing.In the healthcare sector, advancements in technology have led to improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. From telemedicine to precision medicine, technology is saving lives and enhancing the quality of care.Technology also drives economic growth and innovation. It enables businesses to increase productivity, improve efficiency, and reach new markets, creating employment opportunities and driving progress.However, along with the benefits, there are also challenges associated with technology. Issues such as data privacy, cyber security, and the digital divide need to be addressed.To ensure the positive impact of technology, it is essential to have a balancedapproach. This includes raising awareness about the ethical and social implications, investing in research and development, and fostering collaboration between different stakeholders.In conclusion, technology is an ever-present force that continues to shape our world. By leveraging its potential and addressing its challenges, we can create a more connected, informed, and progressive future.。
英语科技论文写作
English technology thesis writingName:Studies: Steel metallurgyGlass:题目：The experiment study of use Iron Tailings and Magnesite Tailings Prepare Cordierite-based Glass CeramicsAbstract：This is work make some exploration about how to use iron tailings and magnesite tailings making glass-ceramics feasibility and preparation methods. Thus, turning waste into wealth and raising added-value of iron ore tailings and magnesite talings . In this work, the main raw material are iron ore tailings and magnesite tailings of Anshan area . And, adding nucleation agent and some other oxide follow the certain proportion , then production MgO - Al2O3- SiO2as the mainly crystalling phase of microcrystalline glass. In the experimental, we use DSC to measured nuclear and crystallizing temperature of glass-ceramics and using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and so on to test the glass-ceramics phase, crystallized behavior, and the effect of nucleation agent. Through the experiment, we obtained the best proportion of raw materials and tailings dosage as high as 80% , we also determine the most appropriate treatment of the corresponding system. Keywords：Iron tailings；magnesite tailings ;glass-ceramics；crystallization科技论文的组成及其各项的作用1、Title题名又叫题目、文题、标题，是科技论文的中心和总纲。
英语科技论文写作
英语科技论文写作目录第一章概论 (2)1.1 英语科技论文的主要结构组成 (2)1.2 英语科技论文的分类及特点 (3)1.3 英语科技论文的文体特点 (4)第二章英语科技论文语言表达的规范与技巧 (8)2.1 如何使表达准确 (8)2.2 如何使语义连贯 (9)2.3 英语科技论文常用句型结构 (12)第三章英语科技论文的结构组成 (14)3.1 标题 (16)3.2 作者和联系方式 (17)3.3 摘要 (17)3.4 关键词 (18)3.5 引言 (18)3.6 论文主体 (21)3.7 结论 (26)3.8 附录 (28)3.9 致谢 (28)3.10 参考文献 (29)第四章摘要的撰写 (30)4.1 摘要的种类和特点 (30)4.2 摘要的内容和结构 (31)第五章最新科技信息的获取 (37)第六章科技论文的发表 (39)6.1 投稿过程的工作 (39)6.2 评审过程的工作 (41)6.3 出版过程的工作 (41)第一章概论科技论文是科学研究成果的一种展示，是作者以论文的形式向外界公布自己的科学研究成果。
科技论文的撰写与发表是科学研究中一项极其重要、不可马虎的工作，对于非英语母语的作者，如何用英文准确、清晰地表达研究内容和获得的成果，如何使论文顺利发表，成为必须面对的问题。
本课程详细介绍论文写作与发表过程中的一系列具体工作，以期对大家今后的写作提供一些有益的帮助。
1.1 英语科技论文的主要结构组成英语科技论文的整体组织结构和语言风格规范尤为重要，和建造楼房一样，写一篇论文也需要一份蓝图。
英文科技论文蓝图最常见的是所谓IMRAD结构，即：◇Introduction◇Methods◇Results and DiscussionsIMRAD结构的论文简单、清晰、明了并且逻辑性强，因而这一结构被近代学者广泛采用。
这种结构的论文，首先阐述研究的课题和研究的目的，有了清楚的定义以后，再描述研究的方法、试验手段和材料，最后对结果和结论进行详细讨论。
如何撰写英文科技论文 How to Write a Scientific Paper 中英文对照
How to Write a Scientific Paper*By George M. WhitesidesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University,Cambridge, MA 02138, USA科学论文写作*原著：George M. Whitesides (美国)译者：张希，林志宏What is a scientific paper? A paper is an organized description of hypotheses, data and conclusions, intended to instruct the reader. Papers are a central part of research. If your research does not generate papers, it might just as well not have been done. “Interesting and unpublished” is equivalent to“no n-existent.”什么是科技论文？科技论文是集假说、数据和结论为一体的概括性描述，以此向读者论述。
论文是研究工作的中心部分。
如果你的研究没有写成论文，也就等同于没有做研究。
有意义但没有发表，等同于不存在。
Realize that your objective in research is to formulate and test hypotheses, to draw conclusions from these tests, and to teach these conclusions to others. Your objective is not to “collect data.”要意识到研究的目的是为了形成并证实假说，从一些测试中得出结论，并把结论传授给别人。
科技论文写作(英文)
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Technical writing requires
give-and-take, a dialogue, a follow-up and/or input
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台大校长 2009.9.15
两年前向台大新鲜人提出「四 不」：考试不作弊、作业不抄袭、 上课不随意逃课、脚踏车不乱停。
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中原四不
不吸烟 不喝酒 不赌博 不(到不正当处)跳舞
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全人教育-天、人、物、我
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鏈結產學研發之專題實作 平台建構發展示意圖
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需要加强英文，而且老师也体谅学生的 英文程度，认为一时之间可能无法接受 全英语教学
所以仅仅在上课的投影片采取英文，再 用中文解说
但是即使连这样都会被学生抗议太难。
现在的大学生普遍存有这样的学习态度， 要如何拉近学用落差、大学生如何才能 不「毕业即失业」？
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On Learning English
Obtained from Advanced Studio Classroom, March 2004.
How can I improve my English conversation skills?
The best way to improve your spoken English is to speak the language as much as you can!
Байду номын сангаас
學生核心 競爭力提升
英语科技论文写作3引言
引言_组织形式
There are three major steps in this section. Firstly establish research territory, then establish a niche, and finally occupy the niche.
引言_背景资料 例:Entropy effects during sorption of mixture of alkanes in MFI zeolite
The separation of mixtures of alkanes is an important activity in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. For example, the
引言_文献回顾
几种常用句型
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_指出问题
基本句型：
引言_指出问题
引言_研究目的
基本句型：
引言_研究目的
引言_研究目的
be dictated both by the alkanes chain length and degree of branching.
说明论文特定主题与较为广泛的研究领域之间的关系，同时 提供足够的背景资料。 句子内容的范围逐步缩小。
引言_背景资料 时态：
一般现在时 叙述某些相关现象或某个领域的普遍事实，不受时间影响。 见上例。
本研究工作在相关领域中的地位 Generally speaking, the introduction has two functions. One is to
英语科技论文写作
英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。
一般而言，发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。
撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。
最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction，Materials and Methods，Results，and Discussion)，这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。
IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题：Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？Results（结果）：发现了什么?Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么?按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。
首先在一张大纸上（A3或A4纸，横放）写下文章题目（事先定好题目很重要），然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把他们写在不同的方框内。
你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。
画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。
哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作，是找到某文献的原文，还是补画一张图表，或者需要再查找某个参考文献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。
如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。
绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。
这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。
采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够能做到大局不乱。
英语科技论文写作(一)
2008.3.
由于文化的差异和英语语言本身的特 点，英语科技论文写作虽然在目的性上与 用其它语言形式的科技论文写作是相同的， 但是还有其自己的语言特征、文体要求和 格式变化。
科技论文体例
因学科不同、研究项目、过程和结果不同，科技论文 可以有多种写作方法和体例结构。从20世纪20年代开始， 科技工作者从大量的论文中，总结出了其表达方式的共同 规律，逐步形成了一种较为严密而又符合逻辑的惯用格式； 从此，虽然各种论文所涉及的内容各不相同，论证的方法 各有差异，实验的方法与手段相差很大，但是论文由哪些 部分组成已有规范可循；其常见的构成格式有：标题、署 名、作者单位(通常在第一页底端的黑线下还要简要介绍 作者的姓名、年龄、职称、学位等内容）、摘要、关键词、 引言、正文，结论、致谢、脚注、参考文献和附录等。
标题_注意事项(4) 标题 注意事项
2 .一般采用名词短语作标题 不使用一个句子或不定式短语，一 一般采用名词短语作标题。不使用一个句子或不定式短语 一般采用名词短语作标题 不使用一个句子或不定式短语， 般也不使用介词短语，不出现从句。 般也不使用介词短语，不出现从句。 An exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （繁琐） Introduce the exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （祈使句） Methods of producing of industrial cupric sulfate
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Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, 110000
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1科技论文：作者对科学领域中的问题进行研究、探讨、总结，
表述研究成果和发表科学技术问题见解，是在科学实验和科学研 究基础上对科学技术领域中的某些现象和问题进行科学的分析和 阐述，从而揭示这些现象和问题的本质及规律的科学技术文献。 凡是运用概念、判断、推理证明和反驳等逻辑思维手段来分析和阐 明科技研究中所取得的创造性成果或见解的文章均属科技论文。
（B）学位论文 （Dissertation[,disə‘teiʃən] ）：表
明作者从事科学研究取得创造性的结果或有了新的见解，并以此 为内容撰写成文，作为提出申请授予相应的学位时评审用的学术 论文。
学士、硕士、博士。在学术水平以及研究的深度和广度有不 同要求。 （ａ）学士论文：应能表明作者确已较好地掌握了本门学科的基 础理论、专门知识和基本技能，并具有从事科学研究工作和担负 专门技术工作的初步能力。
Winds between 15 and 30 mph, when accompanied by snow and temperatrue between 10°F and 30°F, often create unstable slabs in avalanche-starting zones.
2.2句子结构对文体具有影响，因而有一些要求：
一般：We plan to present a proposal covering all important aspects of the problem.
具体和专门的：On October 10 we shall present a proposal covering cost, materials, methodology, and personnel. 根据读者的水平： 一般：Moderate winds, when accompanied by new snow and nearly-thawing temperatrue, often create avalanche['æ vəlɑ:ntʃ] condition. 具体和专门的：
注意：过于浓缩不利于理解
例如：Preventing catalyst['kæ təlist] selectivity deterioration[di,tiəriə'reiʃən] is difficult.
It is difficult to prevent the selectivity of the catalyst from deteriorating.
（ｂ）硕士论文：应能表明作者确已在本门学科上掌握了坚实的 基础理论和系统的专门知识，并对所研究课题有新的见解，有从 事科学研究工作和独立担负专门技术工作的能力。
（ｃ）博士论文：应能表明作者确已在本门学科上掌握了坚实宽 广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识，并具有独立从事科学研究 工作的能力，在科学与专门技术上做出了创造性的成果。
英语科技论文写作
第一单元
一科技写作的基础知识
1 科技写作：
指人们在科学研究或技术性工作中所用的一种写作方式
2 科技写作的目的：
报道调查和研究的成果、新发现和新发明，总结交流经验，普及 科学知识，提出新的计划等。
3 英语科技论文写作与一般文章写作的区别：
1. 学好英文科技写作的基础知识
2. 找和自己所作课题相近的原文文章，特别是英美科技人员的文 章阅读、学习和模仿：主要学习和模仿他们的表达方法 3. 根据自己要写的内容，练习写作，最终写出自己的文章
（ｃ）学术性：学术性是科技论文的本质特征。同一般议论文相 同的是都由论点、论据和论证构成，但它分析的是带有学术价值 的问题，要有一定的理论高度，要引述各种事实和道理去论证自 己的新见解。
（ｄ）理论性：科技论文要将实验、观测所得到的结果从理论高 度上进行分析，将感性认识上升到理性认识，找到带有规律性的 东西，得出科学结论。因此，论文中所论述的发现和发明不但有 实用价值，而且有理论价值。
例如：Test plots using various species give an average range of life of 19 to 25 years, with a probable average of 22 years.
Tests of various species, each performed on a separate plot, indicate that the range of life is 19 to 25 years and that 22 years is the probable average.
论文写作的基本要求：据以上特点１论文必须有创新性内容２论 据要充分可靠３论证要合乎逻辑４要充分了解已有成果和正确评 价自己的成果５文章力求简短，多用图表说明问题。
２科技报告：是作者根据自己的责任向某些人或组织提供的
书面报告，因此报告必须是作者的一种责任。
分类：情报类和可行性报告
１）情报类报告（Information report）
实验型论文和实验报告的区别：形式上有相同之处，但有实质性 区别。（1）实验型论文的内容是作者通过实验研究所得到的有学 术价值的创造性成果。实验报告一般只是对实验研究工作的如实 记载，可以不要求具有明确的结论，可以单纯重复前人的工作。 （2）实验型论文以阐述作者的科学见解为目的，实验报告以如实 记载实验过程与结果为目的。
（4）插入大量的图(figures)、表(tables)、照片(photographs) 、 和例证(illustrations)
（5）大量的专门化术语，如果对初学者和非专家要仔细加以定 义和说明 （6）遵照一定的格式：内容的安排，标题和图表的安排，摘要 的写法及打字的规格 （7）数字、缩写词、公式、方程式及符号要按照一定的格式写
２）科技论文的特点：应突显其科学性、创造性 学术性和理论性等特点。
（ａ）科学性：科技论文的科学性表现在三方面，即内容的科学 性即真实性，文章表述的科学性即准确明白，文章结构的科学性 即严密的逻辑性。科学性是科技论文的生命。
（ｂ）创造性：创造性（创新性）是科学研究的生命。判断研究 成果是否有创造性必须广泛占有资料，了解国内外已有成就和水 平。
要求：学术论文应提供新的科技信息，其内容应有所发现、有所 发明、有所创造、有所前进，而不是简单的重复、模仿，甚至抄 袭前人的工作。
学术论文分类：实验型、观测型、理论型和管理型
(a)实验型：以实验本身为研究对象，或以实验或以实验作为主要 研究手段，得出科研成果后写出的学术论文。研究报告(Research report)、专论(Article)和研究专论(Research article)多属这一类
二 科技写作的特点：
1内容方面：
（1）写科技方面的事务，基本不涉及人物
（2）内容可深可浅但必须有科技内涵（sci-technical content)， 对象可能是专家或普通大众
（3）以特定的读者或听众为写作目标（aimed at a specific audience)，但内容必须适合读者的水平和需要
（2）避免使用非必要的技术语言
例如：reducing the mean diameter[dai'æ mitə] of the spray spectrum（减少喷出物的平均直径），不如改为：making the spray finer（使喷出物更细些）
（3）使用具体的专门的语言：有效传达信息，减少模糊不清和 错误理解
1）科技论文的分类：学术论文和学位论文
（A）学术论文（Academic thesis): 对某学术课题在实
验性、理论性或观测性上取得新的科学研究成果或创新见解的科 学记录；或是某种已知原理应用于实际中取得新进展的科学总结， 用以提供学术会议上宣读、或讨论；或在学术刊物上发表；或作 其他用途的书面文件。
2文体即文章的风格：
（1）关注的不是作者说什么，重者创造形成自己特有的 风格，而是在写作质量上努力做好：清晰性(clearness)、直接性、 (directness)简明性(conciseness)和可读性(readability)。 此外，要 求：语言简练(simplicity)、准确(precision)、专门(specific)、具体 (concrete)及可懂(understandable)。
1）避免写过长的句子，应该有长、有短、也有适中的，避免千 篇一律
2）结构要简单和直接：句子更清晰更可读
例如：The next step consisted of looking for methods by which the losses that occurred in the bearings might be eliminated. The next step consisted of looking for methods of eliminating the losses in the bearings.（简单） It must be expected that there will be complaints from people who live in the neighborhood. Complaints from people who live in the neighborhood must be expected.（直接） 3）句子结构影响准确性：关键是正确理解词义
（3）用理性处理问题
2.1达到有效文体应注意的事项：
（1）避免使用僵硬的虚夸语言 例如：increase the visibility of the incandescent[,inkæ n'desənt] gases（增加发光气体的可见性）可改为：make the flame easier to see（使火焰易于看到） has a deleterious[,deli'tiəriəs] effect upon（有有害的效应）可改 为: harms（有害），或injures（伤害），或damages（损害）