2011-2015英语六级作文真题

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2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版

2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版Part I Writing标准版My opinion on certificate crazeThe growing tendency among college students to get all kinds of certificates has now evolved into a craze. Just randomly ask a student what he or she is busily engaged in doing, quite possibly, you would get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. So, why’s the craze? The reason behind this phenomenon is common — the enormous pressure of finding a job. Faced with a harsh job market, most students have no choice but to seek more certificates to parlay their qualifications. Another factor is that diploma and certificates still weighs heavily in terms of signifying one’s ability. For the sake of increasing their odds of landing a better job, the students ar e compelled to run from one exam to another.Though I have an open mind toward the craze on certificates, I suggest that students should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since they do not necessarily tell their ability. Instead, they should be more involved in learning and capability boosting, thus, opportunities would come quite naturally.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。

2011年12月六级真题

2011年12月六级真题Part I WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Use of Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.目前塑料袋存在的问题2.减少使用塑料袋的重要性3.如何做到减少使用塑料袋Excessive Use of Plastic BagsIn recent years, the excessive use of plastic bags has become a topic of great concern. Plastic bags are lightweight, convenient, and inexpensive to produce, which explains their popularity across the globe. However, their convenience comes at a significant cost to the environment.The problems associated with plastic bags are numerous. Firstly, plastic bags are non-biodegradable, which means they will persist in the environment for hundreds of years, causing serious pollution. They are often littered and end up in water bodies, where they pose a threat to marine life. Secondly, plastic bags are derived from fossil fuels, contributing to the depletion of non-renewable resources and exacerbating climate change.Reducing the use of plastic bags is of paramount importance. Firstly, it can help alleviate environmental pollution. By using reusable shopping bags made of cloth or fabric, we can significantly decrease the demand for plastic bags and reduce the amount of waste generated. This, in turn, can minimize the harmful effects on the ecosystem and protect marine life.Moreover, reducing the use of plastic bags can help conserve non-renewable resources. The production of plastic bags relies heavily on fossil fuels, which are finite and will eventually run out. By using alternative materials or adopting sustainable practices like utilizing biodegradable bags, we can ensure the sustainable use of resources for future generations.To achieve the goal of reducing plastic bag usage, several steps can be taken. Firstly, governments should introduce regulations or impose taxes on plastic bags to deter their use. This approach has proved effective in countries like Ireland, where a plastic bag tax has resulted in a significant reduction in usage. Secondly, promoting education and raising public awareness is crucial. By educating the public about theharms of plastic bags and the benefits of alternative options, individuals can make informed choices and actively participate in reducing plastic bag consumption.In conclusion, the excessive use of plastic bags has severe consequences for the environment and the sustainable use of resources. It is a collective responsibility to address this issue. By reducing plastic bag usage through regulatory measures, education, and public awareness campaigns, we can contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11. W: How’s your Chinese food?M: Wonderful. I love Chinese food. Actually, I learned how to cook Chinese dishes when I was in China.Q: What did the man do in China?12. W: Excuse me, is there a bus stop nearby?M: Yes, go straight for about two blocks. The bus stop is right over there.Q: What does the man mean?… （更多内容请访问 Markdown 文档）。

英语六级作文题目2015

英语六级作文题目2015题目：2015年英语六级作文题目如下："The Impact of Internet on Interpersonal Communication"要求，以800字以上的篇幅撰写文章。

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The Impact of Internet on Interpersonal Communication。

The advent of the internet has undeniablyrevolutionized the way we communicate, altering the dynamics of interpersonal interactions. This transformation has sparked debates regarding its impact on the quality and nature of human communication. In this essay, I will delve into the multifaceted effects of the internet on interpersonal communication.To begin with, the internet has facilitatedinstantaneous communication across vast distances, enabling individuals to connect with others globally in real-time. Social networking platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, have become integral parts of modern communication, fostering virtual communities where people share experiences, ideas, and emotions. Through these platforms, individuals can maintain relationshipsregardless of geographical barriers, enhancing connectivity and social cohesion on a global scale.Moreover, the internet has democratized access to information, empowering individuals to engage in informed discussions and debates. Online forums and discussiongroups serve as platforms for exchanging diverse perspectives and engaging in intellectual discourse. This accessibility to a wealth of information has broadened horizons and enriched interpersonal communication by fostering critical thinking and intercultural understanding.However, the omnipresence of the internet has also brought about challenges to interpersonal communication.The proliferation of digital communication channels has ledto a decline in face-to-face interactions, diminishing the richness of nonverbal cues and interpersonal nuances. As a result, misunderstandings may arise, and genuine connections may be compromised in the absence of direct,in-person communication.Furthermore, the prevalence of social media has engendered issues such as cyberbullying, online harassment, and the dissemination of misinformation, which can erode trust and undermine the quality of interpersonal relationships. The anonymity afforded by the internet may embolden individuals to engage in behavior they would not exhibit in offline interactions, exacerbating tensions and conflicts within virtual communities.Nevertheless, the internet also offers opportunitiesfor mitigating these challenges through digital literacy education and the promotion of online civility and empathy. By fostering a culture of responsible digital citizenship, individuals can harness the potential of the internet to foster meaningful connections and cultivate empathy in virtual interactions.In conclusion, while the internet has transformed interpersonal communication in profound ways, its impact is a double-edged sword. While it has facilitated unprecedented connectivity and access to information, it has also posed challenges to the quality and authenticity of human interactions. Moving forward, it is imperative to strike a balance between the advantages and pitfalls of internet-mediated communication to ensure that it enhances rather than detracts from the richness of human relationships.。

历年英语六级作文题目及范文

2015年6月英语六级作文解析及满分作文2015年6月英语六级考试作文真题第一篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it。

” Y ou can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. Y ou should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。

命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开财富的钥匙。

”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。

显而易见，本题考查理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思[微博]写作反复考察过的话题。

写作思路解析1、本题首段应该通过理论知识与实践技能之间的关系引出主题；2、第二段可以进行举例论证，列举自己参加兼职打工、志愿者活动等亲身经验证明实践技能的重要性；3、尾段可以进行归纳结论或提出建议措施：一方面我们应该努力积累理论知识，另一方面我们应该积极培养自己的实践技能。

参考范文：W ould you want a doctor to operate on you who has only learned about operations from a textbook? The answer to this is obviously a resounding “No!” Knowledge gained from books must always be complemented by knowledge gained from actual experience, to be of real value。

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Knowledge is atreasure,but practice is the key to it.”You can citeone example or two to illustrate your point ofview.You should write at least150but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2longconversations.At the end of each conversation,oneor more questions will be asked about what wassaid.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause,you must read the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which isthe best answer.Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet1with a single line throughthe centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版

2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours tochop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences withthe information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard tomake digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. Theexact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all thoseout-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever builta spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving theworld's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact aboutmost books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protectedby copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends forthe duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course,that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied onlyonce authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched aclass action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors andpublishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them toindividual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as faras copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2011英语六级作文

2011英语六级作文The Impact of Technology on Communication。

In the dawn of the 21st century, the evolution of technology has profoundly transformed the landscape of communication. From the traditional face-to-face interactions to the virtual world of the internet, the advancement of technology has not only broadened our horizons but also reshaped the way we connect with each other. This essay delves into the various aspects of how technology has impacted communication, highlighting bothits positive and negative implications.Firstly, technology has revolutionized the speed and efficiency of communication. In the past, sending a message across continents would take weeks, even months. Now, with the advent of the internet and instant messaging services, messages can be delivered in a matter of seconds. This has not only expedited business transactions but also strengthened personal relationships. For instance,individuals residing in different parts of the world can now stay in touch through video calls, sharing their daily lives and experiences.Furthermore, technology has expanded the reach of communication. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have allowed individuals to connect with a vast audience, sharing their thoughts, ideas, and opinions. This has fostered a culture of inclusivity and diversity, as people from diverse backgrounds and perspectives can engage in meaningful discussions. Moreover, these platforms have provided a voice to marginalized groups, enabling them to raise awareness about。

六级翻译及作文真题2015年六月及2014年12月

2015年六月(卷一)翻译：中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，客人吃不完，中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。

大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。

如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜融于一席。

因此牛排上桌也不少见，沙拉也已经流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。

宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先完成最后上桌。

甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。

范文：In China, variety of foods and dishes is needed in traditional ways of entertaining guests and makes them impossible to finish the dinner. Typical menus of Chinese banquetinclude cold dishes to start and the following hot ones. For example，meat, chicken, duck and vegetables.In most banquets, a whole fish dish is considered indispensable, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people tend to mix Western specials with traditional Chinese cuisine. Thus, steak is not rare. Traditionally，although the Chinese do not eat any of theuncooked dishes，salads have also become popular. The banquet usually has at leasta bowl of soup that can be offered as the first or the final dish. Desserts and fruits usually mean the end of the feast.作文：题目：Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it参考范文：In this constantly changing world, how to put the knowledge acquired every day into reality has intrigued numerous people. As a proverb goes, “ Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it。

2015年12月英语六级作文真题及答案

三一文库（）〔2015年12月英语六级作文真题及答案〕题目：Direction：For this part, you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus onthe harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write atleast150 words but no more than 200 words.▲范文：(描述图画)This is a simple but thought-provoking drawing. As we can see in it, a meeting seems to be goingon, with several staff members sitting around a tableand a laptop in front of each of them. A leader-like第1页共4页man stands there, complaining: “We have lots of information technology. We just don’t have muchuseful information.”(点明寓意)Simple as the picture is, the message it conveys is profound. Evidently it is meant to revealthe fact that there is too much junk information online.(举例论证)Taking a look around, we can also findexamples too many to enumerate. The best illustrationthat I can recall here and now is the fact that wheneveryou search for the cure for a disease or a scenic spotto visit, you are flooded by advertisements, many ofwhich are even cheating. (分析影响)Actually, theproblem has become so widespread that it has severely affectedpeople’slife and hindered thedevelopment of society.(提出建议)Of course, we should not give up eatingfor fear of being choked. Admittedly,information technology has greatly facilitated our life and work.24。

英语六级作文历年真题(优秀5篇)

英语六级作文历年真题（优秀5篇）级英语作文篇一中心句放开端文章中心句是整个文章的主题和写作围绕的中心，通常应该放在段落的开端，这样一方面能够让阅卷老师一眼看出文章表达的主旨意思，起到开门见山的作用；另一方面可以使文章条理层次更加清晰，逻辑性强，文章的整体结构合理。

中心句在作文中可以起到承接上下文的作用，放在段尾也可以起到总结全文的作用。

这一方法对于写作初学者来说还是有一定困难的，因此在六级考试中，为了减少不必要的错误和损失，大家尽量将中心句放到文章的开头以保万无一失。

关键词要具体文章的中心句一般是通过关键词来表现和限制文章的主旨思想的，所以为了突出主题，关键词需要尽量写得具体些。

这里对“具体”的要求主要体现在两个方面：一方面是要具体到能限制和区分文章段落层次的发展；另一方面是要具体到能说明段落发展的方法。

精确仔细地突出关键词是清楚地表达文章主旨、写好段落中心句的重要前提之一，这对考生来说有一定难度。

设问扩充内容中心句及关键词确定后，文章的大概框架已经清晰了，这时候就需要选择和主题有关的信息和素材来填充这个框架。

实质上，针对关键词测试每一个所选择的素材就是一个分类的过程。

有一种常用的行文方法就是句子展开前加以设问，然后解答，即设问-解答(why-because)的方法，利用问题引出自己需要的话题再加以解答表现自己的观点，同时紧紧围绕主题。

所以，要想写出一篇高质量的六级英语作文，就要从中心句、关键词以及设问扩充内容三方面出发，当然还不要忘记词汇量和语法上要有一定的积累，把技巧运用于文章中，你的文章必然会让读者眼前一亮。

希望上述的内容对你备考六级英语作文写作有所帮助。

英语六级作文篇二Dec. 14, 2023Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to you in the hope that I may get an English editor post in your pany. I will graduate from Beijing __University in July next year, and my major is English. At present, I have no courses and I have full time to work.I have read the requirements of being an English editor, and I think I can meet them. On the one hand, I have been working hard and doing well in the major courses to ensure that I have a good mand of the English language. On the other, I have a habitof thinking logically, arranging things in order and doing things seriously and carefully. More important, I am fond of words and like to deal with them.I appreciate your time in reviewing my application letter and I am looking forward to your reply.级英语作文篇三It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people's health. Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cancer and other problem.The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two million five-hundred-thousand persons each year.Still,many people find it difficult to stop reason is that smoking usually es a habitual behaviour,and habits,whether good or bad are not easy to be given up.Another reason is the effect of nicotine,the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat as drugs do.Measures have been taken to help people keep awayfromthe harm of smoking. In many cities,smoking is forbidden in public places.The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere.And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes.W orld “No Tobacco Day" is observed every year as thebiggest paign against smoking.英语六级作文历年真题篇四It is true that the internet has brought us great convenience and efficiency, however, as the data grows at an exponential rate, the severity of misleading information arises.To prevent misleading information spreading, government should set up laws to regulate online news while individuals need to judge independently. Only when they work hand in hand will the harm of false information be diminished to the end.级英语作文篇五I am pleased to serve as your guide today.This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne 。

2011年12月6六级真题+答案+解析

大学英语六级真题2011年12月Part Ⅰ WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark ," Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1、The Way to Success______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 1,5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the inebriation given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far,Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe—including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear: the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture'? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today,we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy,the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic(慈善的)exercise. "Google's core business is search and find,so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says, "But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表)outlining the financial benefits of this,and I have never had to justify the amount l am spending to the company's founders."It is easy,talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that becausesuch books are a common resource—the possession of us all—only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入)a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre,however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention,is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country,but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards,thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means,of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright—and last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries,for example,an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these,some 27 million are out of print.Outside the us, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).But,within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright—arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders,Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld,of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this-it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask," In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers,launched a class action suit (集团诉讼)against Google that,after more than two years of negotiation,ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated the text alone runs to 385 pages—and trying to summarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Blofeld,one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly,the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power—but only with the agreement of individual rights holders—to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions,Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder—these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free,include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行)—it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this—and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other,Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come.1、Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is______.A) to save out-of-print books in libraries B) to encourage reading around the worldC) to promote its core business of searching D) to serve the interest of the general public2、According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will______.A) make full use of the power of its search engine B) help the broad masses of readersC) revolutionise the entire book industry D) broaden humanity's intellectual horizons3、Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by______.A) non-profit organisations B) the world's tech giantsC) multinational companies D) the world's leading libraries4、Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored______.A) the copyright of the books it scannedB) the interest of traditional booksellersC) the differences of in-print and out-of-print booksD) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books5、Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that______.A) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyrightB) it displays only a small part of their contentC) it is willing to compensate the copyright holdersD) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use6、What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.B) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.D) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.7、What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?A) The change in Google's business model, B) The compensation for copyright holders.C) The commercial provisions of the settlement. D) Google's further exploitation of its database.8、While______,Google makes money by selling advertising.9、Books whose copyright holders are not known are called______.10、Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously______in the future.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11、A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving. B) Cancel the trip to prepare for the test.C) Prepare for the test after the wedding. D) Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.12、A) The woman will help the man remember the lines. B) The woman will prompt the man during the show.C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part. D) The man hopes to change his role in the play.13、A) Arranging a bed for a patient. B) Rescuing the woman's uncle.C)A complicated surgical case. D) Preparations for an operation.14、A) He is too busy to accept more responsibility. B) He is interested in improving his editing skills.C)He is eager to be nominated the new editor. D) He is sure to do a better job than Simon.15、A) He has been successfully elected Prime Minister. B) He has already reached the retirement age.C) He has left his position in the government. D) He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.16、A) This year's shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.B) The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.C) The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.17、A) At an auto rescue center. B) At a car renting company.C) At a mountain camp. D) At a suburban garage.18、A) He listened to some serious music. B) He bought a stereo system.C) He got his speakers fixed. D) He went shopping with the woman.19、A) Providing aid to the disabled. B) Selling products made for left-handers.C) Promoting products for manufacturers. D) Printing labels for manufactured goods.20、A) About half of them are unavailable on the market. B) The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.C) All of them are manufactured in his own plant. D) Most of them are especially made for his shop.21、A) They specialise in one product only. B) They have outlets throughout Britain.C) They run chain stores in central London. D) They sell by mail order only.22、A) It publishes magazines. B) It is engaged in product design.C) It sponsors trade fairs. D) It runs sales promotion campaigns.23、A) The woman's company failed to make payments in time.B) The ad specifications had not been given in detail.C) The woman's company made last-minute changes.D) Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.24、A) Run another four-week campaign. B) Give her a 10 percent discount.C) Extend the campaign to next year. D) Cut the fee by half for this year.25、A) Calm down and make peace. B) Improve their promotion plans.C) Stop negotiating for the time being. D) Reflect on their respective mistakes. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One26、A) They are looked after by animal-care organizations. B) They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.C) They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives. D) They are labeled pet animals by the researchers.27、A) They may breed out of control. B) They may cause damage to the environment.C) They may behave abnormally. D) They may affect the results of experiments.28、A) When they are no longer useful. B) When they become ill.C) When they become escapees. D) When they get too old.29、A) While calling for animal rights, they allowed their kids to keep pet animals.B) While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse,they were killing pest mice.C) While launching animal protection campaigns, they were trapping kitchen mice.D) While advocating freedom for animals,they kept their pet mouse in a cage.30、A) They contribute most to it. B) They often find fault with it.C) They take it for granted. D) They are crazy about it.31、A)Tidal restlessness. B) Historical continuity.C) Heat and light. D) Economic prosperity.32、A) They are adventurers from all over the world. B) They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.C) They find the city alien to them. D) They have difficulty surviving.33、A) A murder mystery. B) A football game. C) A political debate. D) A documentary.34、A) It helps broaden one's horizons. B) It enhances family relationships.C) It is a sheer waste of time. D) It is unhealthy for the viewers.35、A) He watches T.V. programs only selectively. B) He doesn't like watching sports programs.C) He can't resist the temptation of T. V. either. D) He is not a man who can keep his promise.Section CDirections: in this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully ]'or its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered 44 to 46 you are required to .fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the past,one of the biggest disadvantages of machines has been their inability to work on a micro-scale. For example,doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to (36) health problems or to perform (37) surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of (38) broken pipes located deep within a high-rise (39) building. However, that's about to change. Advances in computers and biophysics have started a microminiature (超微) (40) that allows scientists to envision—and in some cases actually build— microscopic machines. These devices promise to (41) change the way we live and work.Micromachines already are making an impact. At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland,Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny (42) motors. At Lucas NovaSensor in Fremont,California,scientists have perfected the world's first microscopic blood-pressure sensor. Threaded through a person's blood (43) , the sensor can provide blood pressure readings at the valve of the heart itself. (44) .Auto manufacturers, for example, are trying to use tiny devices (45) . Some futurists envision nanotechnology (纳米技术) also being used to explore the deep sea in small submarines, or even to launch finger-sized rockets packed with microminiature instruments.There is an explosion of new ideas and applications. So, (46) .Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements ill the fewestpossible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker,coined the phrase "Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things,"he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例) ,which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.47、To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own______.48、According to Peter Drucker,leaders should be good at______.49、The personality ethic suggests that people arc likely to succeed if they have______.50、According to Stephen Covey,leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of all to______.51、Good leadership requires one to know one's own strengths and be able to win people's______. Section BDirections : There are 2 passages in this section. "Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneWhat's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China? India? Brazil ? How about trade?When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doom saying. Imports,which soared to $200.3 billion in the month,are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad levelof economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.The rising volume of trade—more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics (物流)have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price—agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports,it does help GM's balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U. S.-based executives more stable.One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more,and spending more carefully. That's to be expected,given whatwe've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U. S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India. or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more,or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade,are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.52、How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?A) It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.B) It reflects Americans' preference for imported goods.C) It signifies a change in American economic structure.D) It is the result of America's growing focus on domestic market.53、What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.B) It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.C) It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.D) It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.54、Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?A) People who have expertise in international trade. B) Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.C) Consumers who favor imported goods and services. D) Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.55、What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?A) Decreasing productivity. B) People's reluctance to spend.C) Competition from overseas. D) Slack trade activities.56、What is the author's advice to U.S. companies and individuals?A) To import more cheap goods from developing countries.B) To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.C) To increase their market share overseas.D) To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.Passage TwoA recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently,the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But National data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools,universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.57、What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialisation ?A) They have lost their leading position in many ways. B) They fail to convert knowledge into money.C) They do not regard it as their responsibility. D) They still have a place among the world leaders.58、What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in commercialisation?A) It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.B) It does not reflect the differences among universities.C) It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.D) It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.。

2015年6月英语六级作文解析及满分作文

2015年6月英语六级作文解析及满分作文新东方在线作者：王江涛 2015年6月的大学英语四级、六级考试已全部结束，下面第一时间对六级作文进行了详解，逐一进行写作思路及参考范文，供广大考生参考。

考前预测命中出题方向不出意外，15年6月六级写作再次连续考察名言警句型作文，三道考题分别涉及：知识与实践、做小事和好奇心。

第一篇适用于第二道真题“做小事”。

其中一篇“教育”适用于第一道真题“知识与实践”，第六篇“人生哲理”适用于第三道真题“好奇心”。

考生如果之前背过，应感觉并不难写。

下面对三道题目逐一加以解析。

2015年6月英语六级考试作文真题第一篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it。

”You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。

命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开财富的钥匙。

”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。

显而易见，本题考查理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思[微博]写作反复考察过的话题。

2011-12英语六级考试试题(完整版)

2011年12月英语六级考试试题(完整版)Part I WritingThe Way to SuccessPart II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)Google’s plan for world’s biggest online library: philanthropy or act of piracy?Google has already scanned 10 million books in its bid to digitise the contents of the world’s major libraries, but a copyright battle now threatens the project, with Amazon and Microsoft joining authors and publishers opposed to the scheme.In recent years the world’s most venerable libraries have played host to some incongruous visitors. In dusty nooks and far-flung stacks, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been beavering away to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe – including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture, so seemingly out-of-kilter with its snazzy, hi-tech image? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world’s information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. Like the Ancient Egyptians who attempted to build a library at Alexan dria containing all the known world’s scrolls, Google executives talk of constructing a universal online archive, a treasure trove of knowledge that will be freely available – or at least freely searchable – for all.The company likes to present itself as having lofty, utopian aspirations. "This really isn’t about making money" is a mantra. "We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, offers an analogy with the invention of the Gutenberg press –Google’s book project, he says, w ill have a similar democratising effect. He talks of people in far-flung parts being able to access knowledge as never before, of search queries leading them to the one, long out-of-print book they need.And he does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic exercise. "Google’s core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google’s search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company’s founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary zeal. But Google’s book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world’s bo oks should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University’s library, argued thatbecause such books are a common resource –the possession of us all –only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.The second, related criticism is that Google’s scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author’s life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author’s heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian’s first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only snippets of books that are in copyright –arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this –it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers and publishers, launched a class action suit against Google that, after more than two years of wrangling, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are staggeringly complicated –the text alone runs to 385 pages – and trying to summarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Blofeld, one of the settlement’s most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to reimburse authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.The settlement stipulates that a body known as the Books Rights Registry will represent the interests of US copyright holders. Authors and publishers with a copyright interest in a book scanned by Google who make themselves known to the registry will be entitled to receive a payment – in the region of $60 per book – as compensation.Additionally, the settlement hands Google the power –but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement’s most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company’s role from provider of information to seller. "Google’s business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement’s provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5% to 10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence."The deal has in effect handed Google a swath of intellectual copyright. It is a mammoth potential bookselling market," says Blofeld. He adds it is no surprise that Amazon, which currently controls 90% of the digital books market, is becoming worried.But Dan Clancy of Google dismisses the idea that, by gaining control over out-of-print and orphan works, Google is securing for itself a significant future revenue stream. He points out that out-of-print books represent only a tiny fraction of the books market – between 1% and 2%. "This idea that we are gaining access to a vast market here –I really don’t think that is true."James Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, broadly agrees. He says that, although Google’s initia l scanning of in-copyright books made him uncomfortable, the settlement itself is a fair deal for authors."The thing that needs to be emphasised is that this so-called market over which Google is being given dominance – the market in out-of-print books –doesn’t currently exist. That’s why they’re out of print. In real life, I can’t see what the damage is –it’s only good."It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted –it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this –and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.Over the coming months, we will hear a lot more about the Google settlement and its ramifications. Although it’s a subject that may seem obscure and specialised, it concerns one of the biggest issues affecting publishing and, indeed, other creative industries – the control of digital rights.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world’s library books, and the truth, as Gleick points out, is that the company probably doesn’t even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or another, Google’s entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come.1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____A. to save out-of-print books in libraries.B. to serve the interest of the general publicC. to encourage reading around the worldD. to promote its core business of searching2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project willA. help the broad masses of readersB. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizonsC. make full use of the power of its search engineD. revolutionise the entire book industry3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world’s books should be controlledby_______.A) the world’s tech giantsB)the world’s leading librariesC)non-profit organizationsD)multinational companies4. 4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored______.A. the copyright of authors of out-of -print booksB. the interest of traditional sellersC. the copyright of the books it scannedD. the differences of in-print and out-of-print books.5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that __________.A) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyrightB) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial useC) it is willing to compensate the copyright holdersD) it displays only a small part of their content6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?A. It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.B . It was settled after more than two years of negotiations.C . It failed to protect the interest of American publishers.D. It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?A. The compensation for copyright holders.B. The change in Google’s business model.C. Google’s further exploitation of its database.D. The commercial provisions of the settlement.8. While_______, Google makes money by selling advertising.9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called_______.10. Google’s entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _______ i n the future. 第一篇"Just one word," Mr. McGuire tells Dustin Hoffman’s Benjamin Braddock in The Graduate. "Plastics."What’s the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate today? China? India? Hedge fund (that’s two words)? Plastic surgery? How about trade?AdvertisementWhen the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June spiked to nearly $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say,they could contribute to a slowdown in growth.But there’s ano ther way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—i.e., a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.In June, imports were $200.3 billion and exports were $150.5 billion—total trade in goods and services of $350.8 billion. In June 2009, by contrast, imports were $155 billion and exports were $128 billion—a total trade in goods and services of $283 billion. In other words, the volume of U.S. trade with other countries in June was up nearly 24 percent from the year before, with exports up 17.5 percent and imports up 29 percent. Trade is nowhere near its peak—in July 2008, when exports were $165 billion and imports were $232 billion, the monthly total was nearly $400 billion. But over the course of 2010, as the rate of economic growth has slowed, trade has gained momentum. In June, exports were 5 percent higher than they were in December 2009, and imports were up 10.5 percent.The rising volume of trade—more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price—agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as it does in the United States each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM’s balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That’s to be expec ted, given what we’ve been through. But there’s a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it’s no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.As they figure out how to monetize eyeballs in the United States, for example, smart media companies should also be figuring out how they can invest in and promote new ventures in other countries—a la Slate.fr. Newsweek’sdomestic struggles have been well-documented, but several foreign publishers license the magazine’s name and content to produce local, foreign-language versions. Newsweek Pakistan is about to launch. It’s a mystery to me that every U.S. print media company doesn’t have an aggressive strategy to become heavily involved in India. Resorts and hotels that don’t have a plan to appeal to the growing legions of Chinese people who have the ability and desire to travel to the United States are similarly missing out on a large potential opportunity.Companies and individuals who don’t have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion’s share of economic opportunity in our world.第二篇A recurring criticism of the UK’s university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spend by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system and, in the face of the current economic turmoil, one of the few ’get out of jail’ cards still held by the nation.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.Our weaknesses show up in the rates of US patenting and license income arising from our efforts, but these have improved and there is no reason to believe that this trend will not be continued.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade, such as the sharp increase in research funding, the evolution of the Higher Education Innovation Fund and the continuation of the Research Assessment Exercise have helped transform the performance of UK universities. The evidence suggests the UK’s position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement.Now for the health warning. National data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of skewed distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are in receipt of 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active.As part of the debate on the future of higher education, John Denham, the innovation, universities and skills secretary, challenged authors to take a 10-15 year outlook on the direction of the sector.My report, Intellectual Property and Research Benefits, highlights the interrelationships which have evolved around research funding, graduate schools and the effective creation, management and exploitation of intellectual property. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.A consequence of more than two decades of policy recognising and rewarding research excellence is further differentiation in the sector. At the same time, we need to increase the number of PhD students across a broad range of disciplines. This will generate an opportunity to develop the graduate schools at those universities with higher numbers of PhD registrations, to invest in more scholarships and to expand the training opportunities for PhD students by promoting courses linked to commercialisation skills and business development practices.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.Part V ClozeThe Truth About PlasticBy BRYAN WALSH Thursday, July 10, 2008 （Time magazine）If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident 62. resolved to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about 63. what the chemicals coming out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic 64. rubbish was doing to the environment. So she 65. hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn’t 66. include plastic. "I went in and 67. barely bought anything," Haegele says. She did 68. purchase some canned food and a carton (纸盒) of milk---69. only to discover later that both containers were 70. lined with plastic resin(树脂). "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."She’s rig ht. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well 71. on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005--27 million tons of which 72. ended up in landfills. Our food and water come 73. wrapped in plastic. It’s used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the 74. infinitely adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of 75.toxic chemicals making their way from 76. household plastic into children’s bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn’t the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn’t 77. even the only one blogging about this kind of 78. endeavor. But those who’ve tried know it’s 79. far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things seem to be so common 80. that it is practically impossible to avoid coming into 81. contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri. Part VI Translation1. You shouldn’t have run across the road without looking, you would have been knocked down by a car. (也许会被车撞到)2 By no means does he regard himself as an expert, (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field.3 He doesn’t appreciate th e sacrifice his friends have made for him, however, he takes it for granted.(把他们所做的视作理所应当)4 Janet told me that she would rather her mother not have interfered with hermarriage.(不干涉她的婚姻)5 To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship. Edward Wilson found himself always searching for information on the internet. （经常上网查信息）。

历年英语六级作文题目及范文

” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。

命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开财富的钥匙。

”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。

显而易见，本题考查理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思[微博]写作反复考察过的话题。

参考范文：Would you want a doctor to operate on you who has only learned about operations from a textbook? The answer to this is obviously a resounding “No!” Knowledge gained from books must always be complemented by knowledge gained from actual experience, to be of real value。

2015年6月大学英语六级考试作文真题

6月大学英语六级考试作文真题2015年6月大学英语六级考试作文真题2015年6月英语六级题目：知识与实践Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essaycommenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, butpractice is the key to it.” You can cite one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 but no more than 200 words.2015年6月大学英语六级范文：There is a famous saying goes like that “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the k ey to it.” This saying shows the relationship between knowledge and practice vividly.As far as we know, if we don’t have corresponding knowledge of some fields, we cannot do well in the fields. There are innumerable examples to illustrate this point. For instance, a singer can sing well only if he or she possesses musical knowledge; a dancer can dance well only if he or she knows how to dance; a worker can get the job well-done only if he or she is familiar with the basic principles of the job, and so on. But in turn, if we do not apply what we have known to practice, knowledge cannot play its role. For example, if we have learned different methods of cooking vegetables, but we do not cook, then the different methods of cooking vegetables do not produce value for us.Therefore, if we do not have knowledge, we have nothing to practice, but if we have knowledge without putting it into practice, knowledge is of no avail. So we should acquire as much knowledge and put it into practice.。

2015年6月六级真题三套全(带答案)

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Einstein's remark "I have no special talents, I am only passionately curious." You should give an example or two to illustrate your point of mew. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2015年6月英语六级作文解析

”You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。

命题分析本题要求评论英国教士Thomas Fuller的一句名言：“知识是一种财富，但实践是打开财富的钥匙。

”并要求可以给出一个或两个例子来阐述你的观点。

显而易见，本题考查理论知识与实践技能之间的关系，这是雅思[微博]写作反复考察过的话题。

参考范文：Would you want a doctor to operate on you who has only learned about operations from a textbook? The answer to this is obviously a resounding “No!”Knowledge gained from books must always be complemented by knowledge gained from actual experience, to be of real value。

六级英语作文历年真题

六级英语作文历年真题英文回答：As a student who has spent countless hours studying English, I am confident in my ability to express myself effectively in the language. Throughout my academic journey, I have refined my vocabulary, grammar, and writing skillsto a level that enables me to produce nuanced and sophisticated essays. I am adept at using various literary devices, including metaphors, similes, and imagery, to enhance the depth and engagement of my writing.Moreover, I possess a strong grasp of English idiomsand colloquialisms, which allows me to convey my ideas in a natural and authentic manner. For instance, I might say,"It's a piece of cake" to indicate that a task is easy or effortless. Alternatively, I could use the expression "break a leg" to wish someone good luck before an important event.By incorporating these nuances into my writing, I aimto create a vivid and engaging narrative that not only conveys information but also evokes emotions and stimulates thought. I believe that this ability to write in a compelling and persuasive manner will serve me well in both academic and professional settings.中文回答：作为一名刻苦学习英语的学生，我有信心能有效地用英语表达自己。

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2015年6月第一套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Albert Einstein’s remark “I have no special talents, but I am only passionately curious. ” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2014年12月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. Y ou should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whethe r technology is indispensable in education. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the pictu re below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then disc uss whether there is a shortcut to learning. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the pictu re below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then disc uss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicant. You should give sound ar guments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2014年6月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to j udge a person by their appearance. You can give explain to illustrate your point .You sho uld write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all eggs in one basket. You can give explain to illustrate your point .You should write a t least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why is it unwise to jump into conclusions upon seeing or hearing? You can give explain to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2013年12月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of information explosion by referring to the saying "a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention". You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark“the greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” You can giv e examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life mor e meaningful. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2013年6月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "A smile is the shortest distance between two people". You may cite some examples to support you view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “E arth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed”. You may c ite some examples support you view. You should write at least 150 words but no more th an 200 words.第三套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation”. You may cite some examples support you r view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2012年12月第一套： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Computer and Man by commenting on the saying, “It is not a real danger that the computer thinks like man, but that man thinks like the computer.”You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Maintaining Trust by commenting on the saying, “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it.”You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2012年6月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Impact of t he Internet on Interpersonal Communication.You essay should start with a brief descriptio n of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2011年12月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Succ ess by commenting on Abraham Lincoln s famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop do wn a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 15 0 words but no more than 200 words.2011年6月第一套：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of C ertificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given bel ow:1. 现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2. 其目的各不相同3. 在我看来。