电子信息工程 专业英语

1.Translate the following phrases into English.

电子技术:Electronic Technology音频信号:Audio signal

真空二极管:vacuum diode 半导体材料: semiconductor material

分立元件:discrete component 大规模集成电路:large -scale integration circuit 电气触电:electrical contact 非线性特征: nonlinear characteristic

运算放大器:operational amplifier 稳压器: voltage regulator

反馈电路:feedback circuit 同相输入:non-inverting input 模拟计算机:analog computer 双列直插:dual-in-line

正弦波振荡器:sinusoidal oscillator 张弛振荡器:relaxation oscillator

数模转换: digital-to-analog converter信号处理:signal processing

实时处理系统:real time processing system

仿真器:emulator 存储单元:storage location

数字滤波器:digital filter 传感器:transducer

2.Translate the following phrases into Chinese.

Electromotive force电动势; nonlinear resistor非线性电阻器; magnetic field磁场; dielectric constant介电常数; electric charge电荷;

Information source信息来源; communication channel通信信道; message destination消息目的地; sensing element敏感元件;

Natural frequency自然频率; reversible effect可逆效应; mutual inductance互感; address generator地址发生器; optical fiber光纤;

Noise source噪声来源; Asynchronous transfer mode异步传输模式; negative feedback消极的反馈; alternating voltage交流电压;

Sensitive measuring circuit敏感的测量电路; variable resistor可变电阻器; induced emf感应电动势

3.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

①Electronics is a field of engineering and applied physics dealing with the design and

application of devices, usually electronic circuits, the operation of which depends on the flow of electrons for the generation, transmission, reception, and storage of information.

答案：电子学属于工程和应用物理学的范畴，一般研究由电子线路构成的设备的设计和应用。而电子线路的作用是利用电子的流动进行信息的产生、传输、接收和存储。

②Incorporating an arrangement of semiconductor materials and electrical contacts, the

transistor provides the same functions as the vacuum tube but at reduced cost, weight, and power consumption and with higher reliability.

答案：晶体管把半导体材料的结构和电器触点结合在一起，具有和真空管相同的功能，但是却减少了成本、重量和功耗，并具有更高的可靠性。

③The resistors are made from carbon mixtures, metal films, or resistance wire and have two

connecting wires attached. V ariable resistors, with an adjustable sliding contact arm, are often

used to control volume on radios and television sets.

答案：电阻可以由碳混合物、金属薄膜或电阻丝制成，它有两个连线接头。常常用滑臂可调的可变电阻来控制收音机和电视机的音量。

④The ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of the plates and inversely to the distance of the plates. It is measured in farads.

答案：电容器存储电能的能力叫电容。电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及平板的面积成正比，与平板间的距离成反比，其大小用法拉表示。

⑤Inductors consist of a conducting wire wound into the form of a coil. When a current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is set up around it that tends to oppose rapid changes in current intensity. ALL coils have inductance.

答案：电感是由绕成线圈形状的导线组成。当电流通过线圈时，在线圈周围将产生磁场，它将阻止电流的快速变化。一切线圈都有电感。

⑥The operational amplifier is the most important basic building block of all linear circuits. It has a wide range of applications in such fields as audio power amplifiers, timer, voltage regulators, sensitive measuring circuits, etc.

答案：运算放大器是所有的线性电路中最重要的基本构件。它在如音频放大器、定时器、稳压器、传感测试电路等领域具有广泛的应用。

⑦The early operational amplifiers employed discrete components, but it is now much more convenient to employ an integrated circuits (IC). The circuit designers are not generally interested in the internal components of an integrated circuit, but only in the performance of the unit as a hole.

答案：早期的运算放大器使用分立元件，但现在使用集成电路就更为方便了。电路设计者通常对集成电路内部元件不感兴趣，而只关心作为一个整体的单元的性能。

⑧The operational amplifier can be employed to generate square waves and can be made to perform a variety of mathematical operations by designing the feedback circuitry in such a way that the voltages at various parts of the circuit are proportional to the variables of interest. 答案：运算放大器可以用来产生方波，也可用是电路中各点的电压与感兴趣的变量成比例这样的方式设计负反馈电路，从而可用运算放大器来完成各种数学运算。

⑨A modern communications system is first concerned with the collation, processing and storage of information before its transmission. The accrual transmission then follows, with further processing and the combating of noise.

答案：现代通信系统第一步的工作是在发送信息前对它进行整理、处理和储存。然后进行实际的发送以及进一步的处理和对付噪声。

⑩A digital signal is a numerical representation of the analog signal. It may be easier and more cost effective to process these signals in the digital world. In the real world, we can convert these signals into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter to process the signals.

答案：数字信号是模拟信号的数值表示。在数字世界里，对这些信号进行处理可能会更容易、更节约成本。在现实世界中，我们通过模数转换过程将信号转换为数字信号，然后对信号进行处理。

十一With respect to DSP, the factor that distinguishes it from traditional computer analysis of data is its speed and efficiency in performing sophisticated digital processing functions such as filtering, FFT analysis, and data compression in real time.