语法知识复习()
语法知识复习(2009)
Learn, practice and checkI. 名词1. Mr。
And Mrs. Smith are so excited today，for they bought _____ yesterday.A。
many furnitures B. so many furnitureC. quite a few furnitureD. a lot of furniture2. _____ have traveled in space-ships already.A. Women astronautsB. Women astronautC. Woman astronauts D。
Woman astronaut3。
_____ have come up with the solutions to the problem.A. The boy studentB. The boys studentC. The boy students D。
The boys students4. Li Ying has three _____。
A. brother—in-law B。
brothers—in—lawC。
brothers—in—laws D。
brother-in—laws5。
If you are frightened, tell one of _____.A。
the grown-up B. the grown—upsC。
the up-growns D。
the up—grown6。
The lady over there is ______.A. Jane and Mary mother B。
Jane and Mary’s motherC。
Jane's and Mary's mother D。
Jane’s and Mary mother7。
They are _____ of different presses. Now they are having ameeting in one of the offices。
初中语文语法知识全面复习(词类、短语、句子)
初中语文语法知识全面复习(词类、短语、句子)初中语法知识（1）——词类、短语、句子一、词类划分（一）实词：实词：是具有实在意义，而且可以单独充当句子成分的词。
1、名词：表示人或事物、时间、方位，在句子中常作主语、宾语，时间名词、处所名词可以作状语：例如：[今天]咱们开个会。
[屋里]他们几个正在开会呢。
能被数量词、不被副词修饰，指人的名词+们表示复数，不能重叠（重叠后成为量词性质。
如：人人、家家、年年、天天、队队，表示“每一”的意思。
）2、动词：在句子中常作谓语或谓语中心语，多数能带宾语；动词后面一般可以带“着、了、过”等，表示动态。
助（能愿）动词在句子中一般做状语、趋向动词可做补语。
他[能]来吗。
你现在[应该]做作业。
3、形容词：大部分都能作定语，也能作谓语或谓语中心词，有的可作状语、补语，不能带宾语。
多数可受程度副词“很、太、非常”等的修饰，并且都可以修饰名词性成分。
（激烈）的战争开始了。
你坐下来，[慢慢]说。
这花〈美丽〉。
他走得〈慢〉。
4、数词、量词：数词经常和量词组合，构成数量短语，充当定语或补语。
（万里）长城去。
〈一趟〉医院。
5、副词：限制、修饰动词、形容词。
副词都能作状语、补语。
6、代词：代词和它所代替的实词或短语的用法大致相当，就是说所代的词语能做什么句子成分，那个代词就能作什么成分。
7、象声词：模拟声音，可以作状语、定语、谓语、补语、独立语，主要作状语。
8、叹词：表示感叹、呼唤、应答，独立性最强，一般不同别的词语发生结构关系，常作感叹词或独立成名+主谓：产品样式多他心地善良4、动宾短语：有的动词单独使用就可以表达一个明确的意思，有的动词还要在后边带上一个受动词支配的词，组成一个短语，才能表达一个明确的意思，这种短语叫做动宾短语。
其中受动词支配的词是宾语，表示动作、行为的对象、结果、处所等。
（1）动+名：巩固国防分析问题翻修马路爬悬崖峭壁热爱科学富有幽默感（2）动+动：喜欢游泳要求善改（3）动+形：感到高兴害怕拥挤5、中补短语（动补、形补）：短语内部构成成分之间有补充和被补充的关系，有“AB ”和“A得B”两种结构。
语法基础知识复习
语法基础知识复习基本概念名词：表示人或事物和时地的名称如：朋友飞机早晨河岸前语法特征：经常做主语和宾语如：牛吃草特殊语法:时间名词可做状语如：他昨天来了基本概念动词：表示动作、行为、心理活动或存在、变化、消失等如：走、批评、爱、是、上语法特征：常做谓语或谓语中心，多数能带宾语如：我爱祖国基本概念形容词：表示性质、状态等如：软勇敢雪白多昏沉语法特征：常做谓语、谓语中心语和定语如：太阳红红太阳具体问题，具体分析副词副词：常限制修饰动词、形容词性词语，表示程度、范围时间等意义 如:很都刚刚四处悄悄语法特征：都能做状语代词人称代词：我你他她它疑问代词：谁什么哪指示代词：这那介词依附在实词或短语前面共同构成“介词短语”如：自从往沿着因为为了对于向训练：指出短语类型青草吐青夸奖我吓跑卖豆浆养分多一个顾客做不完流动状态大力支持遥远的地方独立思考已经完成影响名誉寄存行李父母兄弟勇敢顽强跳起来经济的发展祖国腾飞想得不错唱歌和跳舞听说读写一．主语主语是句子陈述的对象，一般位于句首，回答“谁”或“什么”等问题。
主语可分为名词性主语和谓词性主语。
名词性主语由名词性成分充当，包括名词、数词、名词性的代词和名词性短语等，多指人或事物。
例如：①．沙锅‖可以炖豆腐。
（名词）②．九‖是三的三倍。
（数词）③．我们‖打算今天去郊游。
（代词）④．他说的‖是标准的普通话。
（“的”字短语）谓词性主语由谓词性词语充当，谓词性词语包括动词、形容词、动词性短语、形容词性短语等。
这样的主语是把动作、性状或事情作为陈述的对象。
例如：①．笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。
（动词）②．整齐‖比不整齐好。
（形容词）③．拆台‖比搭台容易多了。
（动宾短语）④．公正和廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。
（形容词短语）此外，主语还可以由主谓短语充当。
例如：①．他不参加‖是个好事。
②．老年人上大学‖已经不新鲜了。
二．谓语谓语是陈述主语的，一般用来回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。
中考语文专题复习4语法知识(知识清单部编版)
中考复习之语法知识（知识清单）【一、词性之实词和虚词】一、实词1.名词（七上P13）名词名词很常见，有的表示人，如“娃娃”“姑娘”“青年”“农夫”；有的表示具体的事物，如“绿萍”“水藻”“铃铛”“镰刀”“蟋蟀”；有的表示抽象的事物，如“精神”“传统”“法律”“爱情”；还有的表示时间，如“秋天”“昨天”“过去”“早晨”。
这些都不难区分，使用时也不太容易出错。
需要注意的是另一类表示方位的名词，一般称为方位名词，如“上”“下”“左”“右”“前”“后”“东”“南”“西”“北”“里头”“外边”“以上”“之下”等。
大多数情况下，方位名词用在其他名词性词语的后边，表示事物所在的位置或范围。
例如：（1）小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。
(朱自清《春》)（2）雨变得更轻，也更深情了，水声在屋檐下，水花在窗玻璃上，会陪伴着你的夜梦。
(刘湛秋《雨的四季》)2.动词（七上P49）动词我们无时无刻不在做着动作——走、跑、唱、跳、打、躺等；很多时候我们会有某种心理活动——爱、恨、担心、喜欢、讨厌、想念、忘记、佩服等；而事物又总在不断发展变化着——增加、减少、扩大、提高、降低、发生、出现等。
这些表示动作行为、心理活动、发展变化的词，叫作动词。
大多数动词意义实在，较好把握；有一些动词用法比较特别，需要特别注意。
一类表示可能、应该、意愿，如“能”“能够”“会”“可能”“可以”“可”“要”“应”“应该”“应当”“肯”“敢”“愿”“愿意”等。
这类动词常常放在一般动词的前面。
例如：当我最后能正确地拼写这个词时，我自豪极了……(海伦·凯勒《再塑生命的人》）一类表示动作趋向，如“上”“下”“去”“来”“进”“出”“到”“过”“过去”“上来”“回去”“起来”等。
这类动词往往放在表示动作行为的动词后边，用来表示动作行为的方向。
例如：朋友，你可曾在茫茫大雾中航行过，在雾中神情紧张地驾驶着一条大船，小心翼翼地缓慢地向对岸驶去?(海伦·凯勒《再塑生命的人》)还有一类表示判断，主要是一个“是”。
初一英语语法知识点总结复习(最新超详细版)
初一英语知识点总复习初一英语语法知识点总结复习课时一教学任务一、重点语法1. 动词 be（ am,is,are）的用法：be 动词包括― am‖ , ― is ‖三,种―形are式。
‖①第一人称单数 (I) 配合 am 来用。
句型解析析： I am+ ⋯例句： I am Snoopy.I am ten years old.I am a student.I am a boy.②第二人称 (You)配合 are 使用。
句型解析： You are+ ⋯例句： You are my good friend.You are a good teacher.You are beautiful③第三人称单数 (He or She or It)配合 is 使用。
句型解析： She(He, It) is + ⋯⋯例句： She is a good girl.She is so tall.She is short.④人称复数 (we /you/they)配合 are 使用。
句型解析： We (You, They) are + ⋯⋯例句 Weare in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口诀：我 (I) 用 am, 你 (you) 用 are， is 跟着他 (he)，她 (she)，它 (it) 。
单数名词用 is，复数名词全用are。
变否定，更容易， be 后 not 加上去。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
对应练习：一.用括号中适当的词填空。
1.I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.2.S he _______ (am, are, is) a student.3.J ane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.4.M y parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5._______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6._______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?7.T here _____ (be) some glasses on it.8.I f he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1.I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.T he girl______ Jack's sister.3.T he dog _______ tall and fat.4.T he man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?6.W here _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.H ow _______ your father?- 1 -初一英语知识点总复习8.M ike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.W hose dress ______ this?10.W hose socks ______ they?11.T hat ______ my red skirt.12.W ho ______ I?13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.H ere ______ some sweaters for you.16.T he black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.T his pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18.T he two cups of milk _____ for me.19.S ome tea ______ in the glass.20.G ao shan's shirt _______ over there.第二课时（ 1）英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示―我‖、―你‖、―他‖、―她‖、―它‖、―我们‖、―你们‖、―他们‖的词，叫做人称代词。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习句法知识讲解(主谓一致+动词时态+助动词)
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中，谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如，你、我、他是学生，中文“是”字是一样的，只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变：I am，you are，he is。
主谓一致有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。
（一）语法一致名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住：绝大多数都用单数，只有明确的复数名词，谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜，只能是复数，如果前面加上“一双”“一条”，后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数，一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然，all才是真正的主语，所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里，She才是真正的主语，所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高中语文语法知识复习
高中语文语法知识复习（一）词类（一）、实词：表示实在的意义，能够作短语或句子的成分能够独立成句。
虚词：一般不表示实在的意义，不作短语或句子的成分（只有副词例外），它们的基本用途是表示语法关系。
1、名词1）、名词的概念与分类：表示人和事物名称的词。
表示人的名称，如同志、作家；表示具体事物，河流、高山；表示抽象事物，如政治、科学；表示时间名称，上午、夏天；表示处所名称：上海、中国；表示方位名称：上、下（简称方位名词）2）、名词的语法特点:①表示人称的名词，可以在后头加“们”表示多数②方位词常用在其他名词后头，组成表示处所、范围或时间的方位短语③名词一般不受副词修饰。
3）、口诀：人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。
表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。
时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。
主宾定谓都可作，名词具有多功能。
4）、练习：找出下面句子中的名词，并加着重号。
他说，法国语言是世界上最美的语言——最明白，最精确；又说，我们必须把它记在心里，永远别忘了它，亡了国当了奴隶的人民，只要牢记住他们的语言，就好象拿着一把打开监狱大门的钥匙。
2、动词：1）、动词的概念与分类：是表示动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等意义的词。
表示动作、行为：坐、听；表示存现、消失或发展变化：有、发生；表示心理活动：爱、恨；表示使令：叫、让；表示可能、意愿（能愿动词）：能、会；表示趋向（趋向动词）：来、去；表示判断（判断词）：是。
2）、动词的语法特点：①动词一般受副词“不”的修饰。
②动词后面可以带“着、了、过”，表示动态。
③一部分动词可以重叠，表示时间短暂或尝试的意思。
④判断词“是”主要是联结句子的主语和宾语。
⑤能愿动词后面不能跟名词，能愿动词可以和后面的动词一起作谓语中心语，也可以单独作谓语中心语。
⑥趋向动词可以单独作谓语中心语，也可以在谓语中心语后面作补语。
3）、口诀：世间万物皆运动，于是动词相应生。
行为动作和发展，存在消失与变更。
心理活动及判断，一概可作谓语用。
语法知识点复习和总结
语法知识点复习和总结作为语言学习的重要组成部分，语法是学习一门语言必不可少的部分。
它规定了语言的结构和规则，让我们能够更准确地表达自己的意思。
在学习语法的过程中，我们需要掌握诸多知识点，这些知识点涵盖了语言的各个方面，包括句子结构、动词时态、名词性、形容词和副词、代词等等。
在本文中，我们将对这些语法知识点进行复习和总结，希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握这些知识，提高语言表达能力。
一、句子结构句子是语言表达的基本单位，它由主语、谓语、宾语等组成。
在英语中，经常使用的句子结构包括简单句、并列句、复合句等。
简单句由一个主谓结构组成，比如“Mary is a student.”；并列句由两个或多个简单句由连词连接而成，比如“I like apples, but my brother likes bananas.”；复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，比如“Although it is raining, we still go out for a walk.”。
在句子结构的使用中，我们需要注意主谓一致、时态一致等问题，保持句子结构的完整性和一致性，从而保证语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
二、动词时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生时间的一种语法现象。
在英语中，动词时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
在使用动词时态时，我们需要根据上下文和语境来选择合适的时态，从而表达出我们想要的意思。
例如，“I study English every day.”这句话使用的是一般现在时，表示的是经常性的动作；“She went to the park last week.”这句话使用的是一般过去时，表示的是过去发生的动作。
在动词时态的使用中，我们需要注意动词的不规则变化、动词的时态连贯性等问题，从而保证语言表达的准确性和一致性。
三、名词性名词性是表示事物、人或概念的一种语法范畴，它包括名词、代词、数词、冠词等。
语法重点复习方法知识点总结
语法重点复习方法知识点总结在学习语法时，掌握复习方法是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一些语法复习的方法和知识点总结，帮助您更好地理解和掌握语法知识。
一、语法复习方法1. 制定学习计划：在开始语法复习之前，制定一个合理的学习计划是很重要的。
根据自己的时间安排，合理分配每天的语法学习时间，并制定学习目标和复习计划。
2. 多练习语法题：语法的掌握需要通过不断的练习来巩固。
找一些相关的语法题目，多做几遍，并将做错的题目进行归纳总结，找出自己的薄弱环节，针对性进行复习。
3. 总结语法规则：语法知识往往有很多规则和特殊情况，将这些规则进行总结，并进行分类整理，可以更好地记忆和理解。
4. 分析语法句子结构：学习语法需要了解句子的结构和句子成分的作用，通过分析句子结构可以更好地理解语法知识的运用。
5. 查阅语法资料：在复习语法时，查阅一些权威的语法资料是必不可少的。
可以选择一些语法书籍或者网上的语法教程，对一些模糊的知识点进行查阅和学习。
二、语法知识点总结1. 时态和语态：时态是描述动作发生的时间，而语态则是描述动作的主语和宾语在句子中的关系。
常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等，常见的语态有主动语态和被动语态。
2. 名词：名词是指人、事物和抽象概念等的名称。
名词通常有单数和复数形式，还有可数名词和不可数名词之分，以及名词所有格的用法。
3. 代词：代词是用来代替名词的词语，可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词等，要注意它们在句子中的作用和用法。
4. 形容词和副词：形容词是用来描述名词的特征和性质的词语，而副词则是用来描述动词、形容词、副词等词语的特征和性质。
形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的形式。
5. 介词和介词短语：介词是用来表示名词和其他词语之间关系的词语，常见的介词有in、on、at等。
介词短语是由介词加上宾语或者其他成分组成的结构。
6. 连词和从句：连词用来连接词语、短语和从句，常见的连词有and、but、or等。
汉语语法知识复习(教师版)
汉语语法知识复习（教师版）五级语言单位：语素、词、短语、句子、句群。
一、语素1、定义：汉语言中最小的语音语义结合体。
2、分类：（1）单音节语素如：山、水、灯（独立表达一个完整的意思）（2）双音节语素（拆开就不表达完整的意思）一种是古代遗留下来的连绵词，如：蜻蜓、琵琶、徘徊另一种是音译外来词，如：坦克、沙发、吉普（3）多音节语素如：马铃薯；多为音译外来词，如：阿莫西林、君士坦丁堡二、词1、定义：词是由语素组成的能独立运用的最小的造句单位。
2、分类：（1）从构成方式来看，可以分成：①单纯词：由一个语素组成的词，自由的单音节语素和所有的双音节、多音节语素都可以组成单纯词。
如：山、水、天、地、人、有、土、红、凑；仿佛、苍茫、蜈蚣、琉璃、参差、蹉跎；敌敌畏、阿司匹林、萨克斯、麦克风等。
②合成词：由两个或两个以上的语素组成的词。
如：红灯、大地。
（2）从词性来看，可以分成：①实词――有实际意义的词，包括：（一）名词：表示人或事物名称的词。
有人物名词：如学生、群众、老头、妇女、同志、叔叔、维吾尔族、酒鬼有事物名词：如笔、杉木、蜗牛、猎豹、棒球、战斗机、冥王星、思想、过程有时间名词：如上午、过去、将来、午夜、三更、甲戊、世纪有方位名词：如东南、上面、前方、内部、中间（二）动词：表示动作行为及发展变化的词。
有行为动词：如跑、唱、喝、敲、吆喝、盯、踢、闻、听、摸有发展动词：如生长、枯萎、发芽、结果、产卵有心理动词：如喜欢、气愤、觉得、思考、厌恶、羡慕妒忌恨有存现动词：如消失、显现、有、丢失、幻灭有使令动词：如使、让、令、禁止、勒令有能愿动词：如会、愿意、可以、能够、宁可有趋向动词：如来、去、上、下有判断动词：如是、为、乃（三）形容词：表示事物性质、状貌特征的词。
有表形状的：如大、高、胖、瘦、细、壮有表性质的：如甜、好、香、漂亮、圆滑、机智、单调有表状态的：如快、浓、满、多、迅速、悄悄（四）数词：表示事物数目的词。
有确数词：如1、2、3、一、二、三、壹、贰、叁、二分之一、3.45有概数：如几、一些、左右、以下、余有序数：如第一、第二、老大、老三、初九、初十（五）量词：表示事物或动作的单位。
现代汉语语法基础知识专题复习
现代汉语语法基础知识专题复习第一讲实词一、实词定义实词有实在意义,能够单独充当句子成分一般能单独回答问题; 实词包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词六类;二、名词表示人、事物或抽象概念名称的词;1、表示具体的人或事物,如：工人、农民、教师、学生、河流、山川、树木、桌子、教室等;2、表示抽象事物,如：思想、道德、理论、会议、程序、品德、经济、科学、发展、规律、信息、关系等;3、表示专用名称,如：上海、美国、中国、泌阳、驻马店、河南等;4、表示时间,如：未来、秋天、春天、早晨、傍晚、星期一等;5、表示方位,如：上面、里边、下面、前面等;三、动词表示人或事物的动作、存现及发展趋势的词;1、表示动作行为动词走、坐、看、听、打、拿、批评、宣传、保卫、学习2、表示心理活动爱、恨、怕、想、喜欢、害怕、想念、觉得3、表示存在、变化、消失有、在、存、存在、出现、失去、消失4、判断动词是5、表示能愿能、会、愿意、敢、应该、要6、表示趋向上、下、进、出、回、过、起、开、来、上来、下来、进来、出来、回来、过来、起来、开来、去、上去、下去、进去、出去、回去、过去、开去7、表示使令使、允许、禁止8、表示人或事物的发展变化提高、减少、缩小、降低四、形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态的词;表示事物的形状,如：高、矮、胖、瘦、宽、窄等；表示事物的性质,如：红、甜、干净、大、小、软、硬等；表示事物情态的,如：飞快、悲伤、高兴等;五、数词表示数目和次序的词;表示确数的,如：一、百、千、万等；表示概数的,如：几、少数、大多数等；表示序数的,如：第二、老六等;六、量词表示人、事物或动作的计量单位的词;名量词物量词,表示人或事物的计量单位：一个人、一把镰刀、一屋子人、这匹马、那头猪、个、批、类、千克等；动量词表示动作的计量单位：次、遍、一眼、一口、趟、顿、番等；时量词表示时间的计量单位：年、秒、分等;七、代词用来指代人、事物、状态、过程的词;人称代词：我、你、他、我们、他们、你们、别人、大家等；疑问代词：谁、什么、哪里、多少、吗、呢等；指示代词：这、这里、这些、这阵子、那、那里、那会儿等;八、练习1．下列词语中不都属于名词的一组是A.学生鲁迅上午左右B.东西星期一英雄黑板C.风筝红旗保卫高兴D.巴金思想夏季花朵2．下列词语中都是名词的一组是A.学校理想这里飞机B.跑步时间孩子父亲C.道理学习阳光海洋D.春天善良南面苹果3．下列词语中不都属于动词的一组是A.跑步跳远思念书本B．扩大应该是进来C.援助做饭忘记回来D. 关心能够要求唱歌4．下列词语都是动词的一组是A.学生热爱跳舞允许B.讨厌上去是帮忙C.支持爱护悠闲憎恶D.扩大思念激动哪里5．下列词语不都属于形容词的一组是A.诚实善良弯曲顽强B．飞快兴奋幸福笔直C.高红缓慢伟大D. 讨厌悲伤优秀卑鄙6．下列词语都属于形容词的一组是A.美丽鲜红洪亮纯朴B.弯曲愿意明天激动C.笔直回来风筝渺小D.快乐要求夏季许多7.用横线画出下面这段话中的方位名词;蝙蝠是在夜间飞行,捕飞蛾和蚊子的;它无论怎么飞,也不会撞上什么东西,即使一根极细的电线,它也能灵巧地绕开;这是什么缘故呢为了弄清这个问题,一百多年前,科学家们做过试验;在一间黑暗的屋子里,横七竖八地拉了许多绳子,绳子上系着许多铃铛;他们把蝙蝠的眼睛蒙上,让它在屋子里飞;蝙蝠飞几个钟头,铃铛一个也没响;8.把下面这段话中的动词找出来,然后指出其中的能愿动词、趋向动词、判断动词;那一天,天还没有亮,我们连悄悄摸进“三九一”高地下面的山坳;潜伏在一条比较隐蔽的山沟里;太阳渐渐爬上山头;我发现前面六十多米就是敌人的前沿阵地,不但可以看见铁丝网和胸墙,还可以看见地堡和火力点,甚至连敌人讲话都听得见;敌人居高临下,当然更容易看见我们;我们趴在地上必须纹丝不动,咳嗽一声或者蜷下腿,都可能被敌人发觉;我看了一下前面,班长和几个战士伏在枯黄的茅草丛里;他们身上披着厚厚的茅草作伪装,猛一看去,很难发现他们;我又看了看伏在我身边不远的邱少云;他也全身伪装,隐蔽得更好,相隔这么近,我几乎找不到他;9.划出下面语段里的形容词;它没有婆娑的姿态,没有屈曲盘旋的虬枝,也许你要说它不美;如果美是专指“婆娑”或“旁逸斜出”之类而言,那么,白杨树算不得树中的好女子;但是它伟岸,正直,朴质,严肃,也不缺乏温和,更不用提它的坚强不屈与挺拔,它是树中的伟丈夫;10.找出下面这段话中所有的实词,并加以分类分为名、动、形、数、量、代;我们看太阳,觉得它并不大,实际上它可大得很,要一百三十万个地球才能抵得上;太阳离地球太远了,所以看上去只有一个盘子那么大;11.下面的括号内填上适当的量词;一刀一河一诗一信一炮一机枪一眼镜一红心一帽子一课一车厢一房间12.指出下列各句中的代词,并指出每个代词是人称代词、疑问代词、指示代词中的哪一种;A.我忽然想起：将来要在这里立个纪念碑,写上某年某月某日,红军北上抗日,路过此处;B.怎么不怕你得提防虫子爬进来,还得提防大黄蜂;C.它们从来不争,也不计较什么……D.小河没有忘记自己原来是小溪流,他笑一笑：“为什么才不听你的咧”第二讲虚词虚词一般不表示实在的意义,它们的基本用途是表示语法关系;虚词包括副词、连词、介词、助词、叹词和拟声词;一、副词用来修饰、限制动词、形容词或其他副词的词;一般只能用在动词、形容词或其他副词前作状语；一般不能和名词结合;副词类别①程度副词：很、最、极、太、非常、十分、极其、格外、分外、更、更加、越、越发、有点儿、稍、稍微、几乎、略微、过于、尤其②范围副词：都、全、总、共、总共、统统、只、仅仅、单、净、光、一齐、一概、一律、单单、就③时间频率副词：已、已经、曾、曾经、刚、才、刚刚“刚才”是名词、正、在、正在、将、将要、就我就来、就要、马上、立刻、顿时、终于、常、常常、时常、时时、往往、渐渐、早晚、从来、终于、一向、向来、从来、总是、始终、水、赶紧、仍然、还是、屡次、屡屡、频频、依然、重新、还、再、再三、偶尔、连、一连、连连④肯定否定副词：必、必须、必定、准、的确、不、未、没有“没有看见”中的“没有”是副词,“没有车了”中的”“没有”是动词、没、未、别、莫、勿、是否、不必、不用甭、不曾⑤语气副词：偏偏、也许、简直、难道、岂、究竟、偏偏、索性、就就这么一点点、可、也许、难怪、大约、幸而、幸亏、反倒、反正、果然、居然、竟然、何尝、何必、明明、恰恰、未免、只好、不妨⑥方式副词：如：大肆、肆意、特意、亲自、猛然、忽然“突然”是形容词、公然、连忙、赶紧、悄悄、暗暗、大力、稳步、阔步、单独、亲自⑦处所副词：如：处处、到处、四处、随处二、连词连接词、短语或句子,表示他们之间的各种关系的词;只能起连接作用,不能起修饰和补充作用;连词类别①表示联合关系的连词：和、跟、与、同、及、而、或、或者②表示偏正关系的连词：如果、只要、因为、虽然、即使、不但三、介词起介引作用的词,一般用在名词、代词或名词性短语的前边,合起来组成介词结构,以表示处所、时间、状态、方式、原因、目的、比较对象等;①词后边不能加时态助词“着”“了”“过”;②不能重迭;③不能单说,也不能单独作谓语,必须放在名词、代词或名词性短语前边组成介词结构; ④介词结构也不能单说,不能单独作谓语,它在句中主要是作状语,有少数也能作补语或定语;介词类别①表对象、关系的介词：把、被、对、对于、关于、连、周②表示处所、方向的介词：在、向、从从前面数起、往、朝③表示状态方式的介词：用、以、按照、根据④表示原因的介词：由于、因、因为⑤表示目的的介词：为、为了、为着⑥表示比较的介词：比、跟、同⑦表示排除的介词：除了四、助词附着在词、短语、句子后,起辅助作用的词,不能单用;立性最差,意义最不实在；每个词的个性很强;助词类别①结构助词：的、地、得注意结构助词“的”“地”“得”用法,“的”前面是定语；“地”前面是状语；“得”前面是谓语,后面是补语;例如：伟大的人民;勇敢地前进;激动得<留下了眼泪>;故要用得正确,定语用“的”,状语用“地”;补语用“得”②时态助词：着、了、过③语气助词：吗、呢、吧、啦五、叹词表示感慨、应答的词;在句中的位置比较灵活,通常不同其他名词、动词、形容词等发生特定的关系,也不充当一般的句子成分,它只单用,独立成句;叹词类别①表示喜悦的叹词：哈哈②表示悲痛的叹词：唉、哎哟③表示愤怒的叹词：哼、呸④表示惊讶的叹词：唉呀、咦⑤表示呼唤的叹词：喂⑥表示答应的叹词：嗯、唉六、拟声词摹拟事物声音的词;①常充任修饰语;②能单说;例如：走到山边便听见哗哗哗哗的水声;嘟嘟摩托车开来了;唉,太令人失望了哼,他的话,信不得哼哼唧唧,不知嘴里说些什么;七、练习1．下列对题目①谁②是③最④可爱⑤的⑥人词性分析正确的一项是A．①名词②助词③形容词④动词⑤代词⑥代词B．①名词②动词③副词④形容词⑤代词⑥名词C．①代词②助词③介词④动词⑤助词⑥名词D．①代词②动词③副词④形容词⑤助词⑥名词2．下列词语中,词性都属同一类的一组是A．北国天骄衣钵隐衷B．消极敷衍痛快惊诧C．问或凄然大抵简直D．什么人们这里高处3．下列对“下”的词性的分析,正确的一组是老虎正要①下山,老猎人躲在石岩②下,抡起虎叉,突然给了老虎一③下;A．①动词②方位词③量词B．①介词②方位词③量词C．①动词②助词③量词D．①介词②助词③量词4．对下列四句话中“跟”字词性的分析,正确的一项是①跟着好人学好事②我跟他是同桌③我跟他学唱歌④那鞋的跟高得没法穿A．①动②介③连④名B．①介②动③动④名C．①介②动③连④形D．①动②连③介④名5．下列各句中的“绿”字与“红花绿叶”中“绿”的词性相同的一项是A．春回大地群山绿B．春风又绿江南岸C．一汪绿水慰平生D．红了樱桃,绿了芭蕉6．下列各组词语中,词性相同的一组是A．听战争经验希望拒绝B．各那么鲁迅我们旅客C．更从来单单经常渐渐D．胖伟大激动承担应该7.在下面的括号内填上适当的连词;①小李小张都爱唱, 唱得很好;②他接受了这些批评建议,态度热情、诚恳;③他这回的考试成绩有了很大进步, 他很受鼓舞;④穿了棉衣,还觉得冷;⑤事情不好办,我们还是要努力把这件事办好;⑥河里结了冰,他也要下河洗冷水澡;⑦学生要学习好,还要身体好、品德好;⑧咱们俩没有根本的利害冲突, 合作是不困难的;⑨有什么困难,都要克服;8.在下边括号内填上一个适当的介词;①她轻音乐有很大兴趣;②火车祖国的大地上奔驰着;③阳光窗外射进来;④科学技术要人类服务;⑤你要它看得自己的生命还要宝贵啊9.指出下列各句中“在”所属的词类;①是的,我们在进行十分有趣的谈话;②彭总拉着团长,让他在自己的身边坐下;③“我在和这位先生说话;”小姑娘指着我说;④他在那儿⑤我走出团部,团长就站在门外;10、简要分析介词“和”与连词“和”的区别;答：介词“和”与连词“和”的区别：前后两个概念能颠倒顺序是连词,不能颠倒顺序是介词;11、试分析形容词和副词的主要差异表现在那里;答：形容词和副词的主要差异：形容词能被程度副词修饰,副词不能被程度副词修饰;12、简要说说“时间词名”和“时间副词”的区别方法;答：“时间名词”和“时间副词”的区别方法：时间名词前面可加介词或动词限制,时间副词不能加介词或动限制;如：昨天、一会儿、立刻、立即、赶紧、马上,可以说”“在昨天”、“等了一会儿”,却不能说“在立刻”、“等了立刻”;可见,“昨天”、“一会儿”是时间名词,“立刻”、“立即”、“赶紧”、“马上”是时间副词;参考答案：1、D 2、A 3、A 4、D 5、C 6、C7、和、而且,和,所以,尽管,虽然,尽管,不但,因此,不管；8、对,在,从,为,把、比；9、副词,介词,副词,动词,动词;。
语法基础知识复习讲义名词(教师版)
第一部分 名词数的表达★★★考点一：可数名词及其单复数一、名词的概念名词按其所表示的事物性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
►可数名词单数的前面一般用a/an 来修饰，表示一个、一本、一张、一只等意义。
如：a student 一名学生(以辅音音素开头的单词前用a) a heavy box 一个重盒子an egg 一枚鸡蛋(以元音音素开头的单词前用an) an old house 一座老房子 ►可数名词的复数表示两个、三本、四张、十只等意义。
如：three books 三本书 four chairs 四把椅子 二、可数名词复数的规则变化种类 变化读音 例词一般情况在词尾+s在清辅音后读/s/book — books map — maps在浊辅音和元音后读/z/mouth — mouths day — days 以s/x/sh/ch 结尾在词尾+es/iz/box — boxes bus — buseswatch — watches以辅音字母+y 结尾 变y 为i 再+es/iz/city — cities family —families 以o 字母结尾有生命的+es/s/hero — heroes tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes无生命的+sphoto — photos piano — pianos 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es/vz/ knife — knives leaf — leaves三、可数名词复数的不规则变化oo→ee foot — feet tooth — teetha → eman — men woman — women policeman —policemen Englishman — Englishmen Frenchwoman — Frenchmen知识梳理专题一 名词词尾加ren child—children【口诀：“孩子多了要加人（ren）”】特殊变化mouse—mice单复数同形sheep; deer; Japanese; Chinese只有复数形式trousers; clothes; glasses; people; chopsticks►某国人的单数变复数的规则：“中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面”【易错点】合成名词含有man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式要与被修饰词的单复数一致。
初中语文语法知识全面复习(词类、短语、句子)
`初中语法知识（ 1）——词类、短语、句子一、词类区分（一）实词：实词：是拥有实在乎义，并且能够独自充任句子成分的词。
名称意义名表示人或事物表示时问词表示方向表示动作、行为表示发展变化动表示心理活动表示存现消逝词表示使令表示可能、意向表示趋势表示判断形表示事物状态容表示事物性质词表示事物形状实数表示确数表示概数词表示序数词量物量词动量词词代人称代词疑问代词词指示代词副表示时间表示围表示程度词表示语气表示肯 / 否认象声词模拟事物声音叹表示叹息、呼喊、应答等词词例说明雷锋、白、鲁迅、课桌、海燕、同志学生计算机法律一般名词昨天、昨年、夏天、夜晚、礼拜天时间名词上、下、南、北、里、外、中间、屋里方向名词走、打、吃、学习地方名词发展、扩大、提升爱、厌烦、担忧、惧怕、喜爱、希望、感觉存在、发生、发展、出现、变化、死亡、消逝派、让、严禁、命令使令动词愿意、应当、应当、能够、能、能够、会、肯、敢、要能愿动词上柬、进来、上去、出去、上、下、来、去、回、出、进、下去、过去趋势动词是、成为、属于判断词快、激动、娴熟、轻松好、冷、伟大、聪慧圆、高、平展、笔挺三、万、四分之一几、很多、五六十第一、初六、老大根、架、双、寸、吨用在名词前改、顿、趟、阵用在动词后我、她、你、自己谁、哪儿、多少、如何这、那、这样已经、以前、刚、刚才、正在、将要、立刻时间副词只、都、全、不过、单单、一概、一共、总合、一齐、一味、几乎、一起围副词很、最、极、挺、顶、太、真、分外、更、更为、愈发、过于程度副词终究、莫非、恰恰、几乎、大概、居然、其实语气副词必、一定、必然、务必、不、没、没有、未必、不用、难免肯/ 否认副词呼、叭、哗哗、嘤嘤嗡嗡、咣、轰隆、呀、叽叽喳喳、哈哈、啊吆哇表示伤心、难过：唉、哎哟不一样其余词表示愤慨、歧视：呸、哼发生组合，单独成句。
有些表示吃惊：哎呀、咦、啊叹词的汉字表示呼喊：喂、嗨写法不固定。
表示应答：嗯、哦、晤如：“啊”因为音变又写表示愉悦：哈哈、嘿嘿成“呀”“哪”。
语法复习1： 基础知识(句子成分与句子分类)
基础语法复习一（P1-10）（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）一、句子成分概述（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）成分导图概览：【例句】主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
如：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（一）句子的分类导图【例句】判断下列句子所属：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in classHow clever the boy is!He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。
初一英语语法知识点总结复习(最新超详细版)
初一英语语法知识点总结复习课时一教学任务一、重点语法1.动词be（am,is,are）的用法：be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。
①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。
句型解析析：I am+…例句：I am Snoopy.I am ten years old.I am a student.I am a boy.②第二人称(You)配合are使用。
句型解析：You are+…例句：You are my good friend.You are a good teacher.You are beautiful③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。
句型解析：She(He, It) is +……例句：She is a good girl.She is so tall.She is short.④人称复数(we /you/they)配合are使用。
句型解析：We (You, They) are +……例句We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口诀：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。
单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。
变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
对应练习：一. 用括号中适当的词填空。
1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.一、用be 动词的适当形式填空1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2. The girl______ Jack's sister.3. The dog _______ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5. ______ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7. How _______ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9. Whose dress ______ this?10. Whose socks ______ they?11. That ______ my red skirt.12. Who ______ I?13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.19. Some tea ______ in the glass.20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。
初中语文语法知识全面复习(词类、短语、句子)
初中语法知识（1）——词类、短语、句子一、词类划分（一）实词：实词：是具有实在意义，而且可以单独充当句子成分的词。
1、名词：表示人或事物、时间、方位，在句子中常作主语、宾语，时间名词、处所名词可以作状语：例如：[今天]咱们开个会。
[屋里]他们几个正在开会呢。
能被数量词、不被副词修饰，指人的名词+们表示复数，不能重叠（重叠后成为量词性质。
如：人人、家家、年年、天天、队队，表示“每一”的意思。
）2、动词：在句子中常作谓语或谓语中心语，多数能带宾语；动词后面一般可以带“着、了、过”等，表示动态。
助（能愿）动词在句子中一般做状语、趋向动词可做补语。
他[能]来吗。
你现在[应该]做作业。
3、形容词：大部分都能作定语，也能作谓语或谓语中心词，有的可作状语、补语，不能带宾语。
多数可受程度副词“很、太、非常”等的修饰，并且都可以修饰名词性成分。
（激烈）的战争开始了。
你坐下来，[慢慢]说。
这花〈美丽〉。
他走得〈慢〉。
4、数词、量词：数词经常和量词组合，构成数量短语，充当定语或补语。
（万里）长城去。
〈一趟〉医院。
5、副词：限制、修饰动词、形容词。
副词都能作状语、补语。
6、代词：代词和它所代替的实词或短语的用法大致相当，就是说所代的词语能做什么句子成分，那个代词就能作什么成分。
7、象声词：模拟声音，可以作状语、定语、谓语、补语、独立语，主要作状语。
8、叹词：表示感叹、呼唤、应答，独立性最强，一般不同别的词语发生结构关系，常作感叹词或独立成句。
所、时间、条件等。
介词不能单独做句子成分，总要组成介词短语，介词短语主要作状语，有的还可以做补语、定语。
例如：在阅览室看书对人民负责同他说话按客观规律办事比过去更好他[在家]休息 [沿着山路]往前走有很多[关于月亮]的传说大家反复研究了[对这个问题]的处理2、连词：连接词、短语、分句和句子，不能成为句子成分。
3、助词：附着在词或短语后面表示某种语法意义。
4、语气词：普通话中最基本的有六个：的、了、呢、吧、吗、啊。
(完整)高中语文基础语法知识复习
高中语文基础语法知识复习（一）词可分实词和虚词两大类。
（1）实词：表示实在意义，能作短语或句子的成分，一般能独立成句。
实词包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词。
（2）虚词：一般不表示实在的意义，基本用途是表示语法关系。
虚词包括副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词。
（一）实词1．名词：表人和事物的名称。
（1）表人和事物的名称的，如：学生、书、瓜、菜、计算机（2）表时间的叫时间名词，如：早、晚、上午、清晨（3）表方位的叫方位名词，如：上、下、左、右、前、后、中、东、西、南、北、前面、后边、东边、南面、中间（4）表专用名称的叫专用名词，如：云南、上海、李白（5）表抽象事物的名称的叫抽象名词，如：范畴、思想、质量、品德、友谊、方法（6）表处所的叫处所名词，如：墙上、书屋2．动词：表人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。
（1）表动作、行为的，如：来、去、说、走、跑、学习、起飞、审查、认识（2）表发展、变化的，如：变化、生长（3）表存现的，如：有、无、消失、存在（4）表使令的，如：使、让、叫（5）表判断的，如：是（6）表相似的，如：象、似（7）表心理活动，如：爱、想、喜欢、重视、注重、尊敬、了解、相信、佩服、惦念（8）表能够、愿意的，叫能愿动词，如：能、会、要、应、肯、敢、能够、应该、应当、愿意、可以、可能、必须3．形容词：表人或事物的形状、样式、性质（1）表事物的形状，如：高、矮、胖、瘦、大、小（2）表事物的性质，如：美、丑、恶、甜、苦、好、坏、奢侈（3）表事物的状态，如：快、慢、迅速4．数词：表人或事物数目的词。
（1）表确数的，如：一、十、亿、半（2）表概数的，如：几、一些、上万（3）表序数的，如：第一、老九（4）表分数的，如：三分之一、七成5．量词：表人、事物的单位或动作、行为的单位的词。
（1）表物量的，如：个、张、只、支、寸、吨（2）表动量的，如：次、下、回、趟、场6．代词：起代替或指示作用的词。
（1）表人称代词的，如：我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们、咱们、自己、人家（2）表指示代词的，如：这、那、这样、那样、这儿、这里、那里（3）表疑问代词的，如：谁、什么、怎样、哪、哪儿、哪里（二）虚词1．副词：用在动词形容词前面做状语，表程度、时间、范围等。
语法知识点总复习课件-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册
二、派生：后缀
2.后缀
(2)副词后缀。
(1)形容词后缀。 ①名词+-al
形容词+-ly
agriculture农业→agricultural 农业的 ②名词+-ful
certain 确定,肯定→certainly 确定;肯定
care 小心;关心→careful 小心的;仔细的
happy 快乐的→happily快乐地
二、派生：1. 前缀
1. 前缀 (1)表示否定意义的前缀。 un-不,非 unable不能够的 unlucky 不幸的 dis-不,非 dishonest 不诚实的 discontinuous 不连续的 in-不,非 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的 im-不,非 impatient 不耐烦的 impossible 不可能的 ir-不,非 irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的 il-不,非 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的 non-不,非 non-existent 不存在的 non-stop 直达的;连续不断的 mis-错误 mislead 误导 misunderstand 误解
一、合成 温馨提示： ①与man或woman构成的合成名词变复数时,两个名词都要变成复数。 a woman teacher →women teachers a man doctor→men doctors ②由“名词+名词”构成的复合名词,在变复数时,只改变中心名词,而修饰名 词不变。 a girlfriend→girlfriends a babysitter→babysitters
3.合成形容词
温馨提示： 成形容词一般要有连字符,其中的名词部分不用复数形式。 a 2,000-word report 一份两千字的报道 an 800-metre-long bridge 一座八百米长的桥
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Learn, practice and checkI. 名词1. Mr. And Mrs. Smith are so excited today, for they bought _____ yesterday.A. many furnituresB. so many furnitureC. quite a few furnitureD. a lot of furniture2. _____ have traveled in space-ships already.A. Women astronautsB. Women astronautC. Woman astronautsD. Woman astronaut3. _____ have come up with the solutions to the problem.A. The boy studentB. The boys studentC. The boy studentsD. The boys students4. Li Ying has three _____.A. brother-in-lawB. brothers-in-lawC. brothers-in-lawsD. brother-in-laws5. If you are frightened, tell one of _____.A. the grown-upB. the grown-upsC. the up-grownsD. the up-grown6. The lady over there is ______.A. Jane and Mary motherB. Jane and Mary’s motherC. Jane’s and Mary’s motherD. Jane’s and Mary mother7. They are _____ of different presses. Now they are having a meetingin one of the offices.A. editor-in-chiefs/ editor-in-chief’sB. editor-in-chief/ editor-in-chiefC. editor-in-chiefs/editor’s-in-chiefD. editors-in-chief/editor-in-chief’s8. He needs a ______.A. few days’ restB. few days restC. little days’ restD. little days rest9. I borrowed a book of _____ yesterday.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. your’s10. Ever since Picasso’s painting went on exhibit, there ______ large crowds at the museum every day.A. isB. has beenC. have beenD. areII. 代词1. It was ____ who cleaned the dorm room.A. he and IB. him and meC. he and meD. him and I2. These machines are better than ____ we turned out last year.A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. which3. “May I help you with some shoes, sir?”“Yes, I’d like to try on those black _____.”A. oneB. onesC. twoD. pair4. “Do you like the book Edison gave you?”“Very much. It’s exactly _____ I wanted.”A. one whichB. the oneC. one whatD. one that5. “Have you found the pen you lost yesterday?”“Yes, I have found ______.”A. oneB. itC. eitherD. both6. Poe and Hawthorne _____ in the development of the short story as a distinctive American genre (流派).A. and both leaders wereB. both were leadersC. were both leadersD. who were leaders7. My parents _____ in this evening.A. are bothB. all areC. both areD. are all8. _____ are very clever.A. Both themB. Both of themC. The both boysD. Both of boys9. Catherine had spent ____ mowing the lawn.A. the whole dayB. all during the dayC. altogether a dayD. entirely a day10. ______ the girls came on the trip.A. NeitherB. Nobody ofC. None ofD. No one ofIII.形容词和副词1. His salary as a driver is much higher _____.A. than a teacherB. than that of a teacherC. that of a teacherD. than those of a teacher2. _____ all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrust seems the most relevant to our times.A. OfB. AmongC. InD. About3. To the best of my knowledge, the climate in Arizona is better year-round _____.A. than any other stateB. than other statesC. than in any other stateD. than is any other state4. Questioning the quality of the air they breathe becomes less important than ______ about the next paycheck.A. having questionedB. questioningC. to have questionedD. question5. He _____ live in the country than in the city.A. wouldB. likes toC. would ratherD. had better6. The culture and customs of America are more like _____ of England than of any other country.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. those7. Dried foods take up less room and weigh ____ than the same food packed in cans, and they do not need to be stored in special condition.A. fewB. fewerC. littleD. less8. But she world rather stay at home alone than _____ Jane’s gossip.A. to listenB. listeningC. listenD. listened9. The new method for refining aluminum was _____ that it became practical for many purposes, one of the first of which was for making pots and pans.A. so more cheaperB. so much cheaperC. so many cheaperD. such much cheaper10. ______ living things are linked together as intimately as bees and flowers.A. FewerB. FewC. LittleD. LessIV. 非谓语动词作定语和状语1. The students expected there _____ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. isB. to beC. beingD. have been2. Where shall I put my boxes? The drawer is the place _____.A. to put themB. putting them inC. to put in themD. to put them in3. She has no pencil ______.A. to write aboutB. to write withC. to writeD. to write in4. Though small, the room is comfortable _____.A. to liveB. to live inC. living inD. live in5. The girl walked quietly into the room _____ awake her roommates.A. so as toB. in order not toC. so as to notD. for to not6. We were surprised at _____ the exam.A. him not passB. his passing notC. his not passingD. him not to pass7. ______ one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.A. Not to doB. Doing notC. DoingD. Not doing8. He prided himself on _____ at chess.A. having never beatenB. having been never beatenC. having never been beatenD. never have been beaten9. “How did you learn to drive?”“______ strict obedience to my tutor.”A. GivingB. By givingC. GiveD. To give10. Jane was scolded by the director because she left the office with the door ______.A. unlockingB. not being lockedC. unlockedD. not locking11. _____ in ancient times, the book still appeals to readers today.A. Though it writtenB. Though writtenC. It was writerD. Written it was12. After a whole day’s heavy work, the old worker returned home, _____.A. hungry and felt exhaustingB. hunger and exhaustedC. hungry and exhaustedD. hungry and having been exhausted13. The old writer could not sleep at night, his wrongs and sorrows _____ him no peace.A. gaveB. have givenC. being givenD. giving14. Television has become a major instrument of communication, _____ us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs.A. to permitB. permittedC. being givenD. permitting15. The decision _____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.A. been madeB. has been madeC. having been madeD. having been making16. Some people are sitting on the grass; others are strolling along the lake side, _____.A. chatting and to laughB. to chat and to laughC. chatting and laughingD. chatting and laughed17. I was overjoyed at the news of my hometown ______ so much progress.A. to makeB. to have madeC. madeD. having made18. Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, _____.A. only differ s in degreeB. only in degree it differsC. differing only in degreeD. and differing in degree only19. That the brain, once ____ oxygen, dies has been proved.A. depriving ofB. deprived (被切断供应)C. being deprivedD. deprived of20. The Red Cross ______ help for refugees, over two million dollars have raised .A. appeals forB. appeals toC. has been appealing forD. appealing forV. 非谓语动词作动词宾语和宾语补足语1. Nobody enjoys having a tooth _____.A. drill and fillB. drilling and fillingC. to drill and fillD. drilled and filled2. It’s no use our _____ any longer. He may come by any train. He is used to finding his way around.A. to waitB. waitingC. to have waitedD. having waited3. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than _____ with his knees bent.A. to liveB. livingC. liveD. lived4. I forgot _____ her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on.A. remindingB. having remindedC. to remindD. to have reminded5. It’s no good _____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise when you have learnt.A. trying toB. to try toC. try toD. tried to6. I feel like _____ to the owner of the house to complain.A. writingB. to writeC. writeD. having written7. As we approached the village we saw many new houses _____.A. to be builtB. buildC. being builtD. building8. Tim cannot but _____ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.A. to askB. askC. askingD. asked9. Would you mind _____ quiet for a moment? I am trying _____ a form.A. keeping; filling outB. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill outD. to keep; filling out10. I don’t remember _____ to professor Brown during my last visit to Harvard.A. having introducedB. having been introducedC. to have introducedD. to have been introducedVI. 时态1. Even if it _____ this afternoon, I will go there.A. has rainedB. will rainC. rainsD. will have rained2. _____ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.A. He would leave schoolB. He left schoolC. He had left schoolD. He has left school3. We _____ each other for ten years.A. had knownB. have knownC. have been knowingD. know4. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they _____.A. have expectedB. expectC. were expectingD. had expected5. “Will she finish the work soon?”“Yes, she _____ it by next Friday.”A. shall finishB. finishC. have finishedD. will have finished6. It _____ almost every day so far this month.A. is rainingB. rainedC. rainsD. has been raining7. My wife _____.A. has forever criticized meB. forever criticizing meC. was forever criticizing meD. is forever criticizing me8. He _____ in a small workshop, but now he is the head of a big business company.A. used to workingB. was used to workC. used to workD. was used to working9. My grandmother _____ rural life.A. has used toB. used toC. is used toD. uses to10. I ______ my breakfast when the morning post came.A. hadB. had been havingC. was havingD. have been havingVII.语态1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent (口才好的) and _____ with enthusiasm.A. was always listenedB. was always listened toC. always was listenedD. always listened to2. He returned a week later and found his house ______.A. had broken intoB. was broken intoC. to be broken intoD. had been broken into3. The United Kingdom _____ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.A. consisted ofB. is consisted ofC. consists ofD. consists4. These oranges ______ nice.A. are tastedB. tasteC. is tastedD. tastes5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that _____.A. was ever builtB. has ever builtC. has ever been builtD. had ever been built6. The house suddenly collapsed while it _____ down.A. was pulledB. pulledC. was being pulledD. had been pulled7. “How do you like your new position?”“I _____.”A. don’t satisfyB. am not satisfiedC. can’t satisfyD. haven’t satisfied8. She ______ in the feet on her way home from work.A. was hurtingB. is hurtC. hurtsD. got hurt9. There are more than fifty proposals ______ at the conference.A. discussedB. to be discussedC. discussingD. having discussed10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists.VIII. 情态动词1. We _____ her letter last week. We don’t know what has happened to her.A. must receiveB. must have receivedC. ought to receiveD. ought to have received2. If the doctor could have come earlier, the patient ____.A. could not have diedB. should not have diedC. wouldn’t have diedD. would not die3. As it turned out to be a small driving test, we ____ so hard.A. needn’t prepareB. did not need have preparedC. did not need prepareD. needn’t have prepared4. It was kind of you to offer me financial help, but you ____it.A. mustn’t doB. wouldn’t have doneC. mightn’t have doneD. didn’t have to do5. According to the western culture, one _____ ask his acquaintance such personal questions as his age, income or marital status.A. needn’tB. don’t have toC. mustn’tD. have not got to6. Jane doesn’t have time to go to the concert; she ______ for her final examination.A. being prepareB. must be preparingC. might have been preparingD. is to be prepare7. My disappointment _____ apparent the moment I entered the office, because some of my colleagues asked me sympathetically, “Are you all right with the boss’s decision?”A. must beB. had beenC. must have beenD. had to be8. The prize-winner did so well at the speech contest that he ____ it many times this couple of weeks.A. should have rehearsedB. would have rehearsedC. must have rehearsedD. could have rehearsed9. He doesn’t know how to make good use of the enormous calculative capability of computer; this job _____ within an hour.A. should finishB. must have finishedC. could be finishingD. ought to have been finished10. It’s a pity you failed in this course. You _____ the books on the professor’s reading list before you took the final examination.A. might have readB. should have readC. must have readD. have readIX. 虚拟语气1. If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be dozy now.A. haven’t watchedB. didn’t watchC. hadn’t watchedD. wouldn’t have watched2. Had I known it, I ____ you.A. have toldB. had toldC. wouldn’t toldD. would have told3. ____ the storm, we should have reached our destination.A. For butB. But forC. In spite ofD. In case of4. She insisted that what she had done ____ right.A. wasB. isC. beD. had been5. I wish you _____ me yesterday.A. tellB. could tellC. would tellD. had told6. _____ it left to me to decide, I would not hesitate to prefer the latter.A. IfB. WereC. HadD. Should7. It is important that he ____ to the dean before leaving for his vacation.A. speakB. spokenC. haveD. speaks8. It’s about time people _____ notice of what women did during the war.A. tookB. takeC. have takenD. will take9. He talks as if he ____ the incident.A. had witnessedB. witnessedC. witnessD. have witnessed10. The boss asked that the letter _____ immediately.A. be typedB. typedC. typeD. being typed11. Don’t you think it is time that you ____ smoking?A. give upB. would give upC. gave upD. must give up12. Without computer, we _____ the tremendous medical advancement in the last few decades.A. would not makeB. will not have madeC. could not makeD. couldn’t have made13. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. Weren’t itC. It were notD. Had not it been14. I’d have come with you _____ I am so busy.A. except forB. provided thatC. but thatD. so long as15. It is strange that such a thing ____ in your company.A. will happenB. happensC. happenedD. should happen16. It’s essential that these application forms ____ back as early as possible.A. must be sentB. will be sentC. are sentD. be sent17. We move that he _____ for his serious mistake.A. will be dischargedB. be dischargedC. is dischargedD. must be discharged18. It was arranged that they _____ the following week.A. leaveB. must leaveC. will leaveD. shall leave19. He made the suggestion that a deadline _____ for handing in the plan.A. be setB. must be setC. is setD. will be set20. I wish I _____ to see the film last night.A. wentB. will goC. should goD. had goneX. 倒装1. Only recently ____ to realize the dangers caffeine (咖啡因) might bring to our health.A.that scientists beganB. have scientists begunC. scientists have begunD. that did scientists begin2. Not until the year of 1954 ____ made the capital of this country.A. the city wasB. was the cityC. when the city wasD. was when the city3. _____ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.A. Should he have gone toB. If he went toC. Were he to goD. Had he gone to4. “Does your father call you very often?”“Yes, my father calls about once a week and ____.”A. so my brother doesB. my brother does soC. so does my brotherD. does so my brother5. Hardly anything ____ more than the happiness of seeing someoneusing his device for treatment.A. please himB. does please himC. please himD. does him please6. So little ____ about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. I knewB. did I knowC. I had knownD. had I known7. We are late! Look, ____!A. there the bus goesB. the bus goes thereC. there goes the busD. the bus there goes8. Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking ____ to learn to read and write.A. he beganB. will he beginC. did he beginD. must he begin9. Busy _____ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.A. becauseB. asC. no matter howD. although10. By no means _____ create or destroy energy.A. we canB. we can’tC. can weD. shall weXI. 主谓一致1. Professor Wu, with three lecturers, _____ attending a symposium (专题研讨会) in Shanghai on energy now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. One and a half hours _____ passed.A. hasB. areC. isD. have3. Many a student ____ going to take part in CET-6 next month.A. isB. is toC. areD. was4. What matters _____ not winning but participating.A. areB. to beC. wasD. is5. Passenger ships and _____ are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones.A. aircraftsB. aircraftC. the planesD. also the planes6. John is the only one of the students who ____ to France.A. has beenB. have beenC. had beenD. has being7. Linguistics ____ very difficult to learn.A. is notB. are notC. were notD. wasn’t8. The flight service crew _____ largely women.A. isB. wasC. areD. were9. Three hours _____ the limit of his examination.A. isB. wereC. areD. was10. His Selected Poems _____ first published in 1992.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. are11. Many a man ____ life is meaningless without purpose.A. thinkB. thinksC. thoughtD. has thought12. Nobody but San and Ann _____ in the lab.A. areB. had beenC. wereD. is13. More than one question _____ discussed.A. have beenB. has beenC. areD. has14. This is the best one of automobiles that ____ in working order.A. isB. areC. had beenD. have15. Writing stories and articles ______ what I’m fond of.A. isB. wereC. areD. have beenXII. 复合从句1. It was not such a good meal _____ she had expected.A. asB. whatC. thanD. like2. _____ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.A. SupposeB. BecauseC. WhileD. Until3. _____ little you may like it, old age comes to most of us.A. SoB. SinceC. HoweverD. Despite4. She didn’t break the bad news to her mother _____ that she might break down.A. soB. for fearC. in orderD. because5. I’d like to warn you ____ was said here must be kept secret.A. whateverB. thatC. whomD. which6. I don’t care ____.A. if or not he will winB. whether or if he will winC. whether he will not winD. whether he will win or lose7. She was late again, _____ was annoying.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which8. The reason____ I’m writing is to tell you about my examination result.A. becauseB. asC. whyD. for9. The tree, the branches _____ are almost bare, is very old one.A. whoseB. in whichC. of whichD. which10. He will never forget the days ____ he spent with his grandma.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. on which11. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ____ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in thatB. in whichC. in order thatD. on the way12. An old friend from abroad, _____ I was expecting to stay with me, telephoned from the airport.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. whose13. _____ I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.A. DirectB. DirectlyC. MomentD. Constant14. _____ a month ago, we had neither instruments nor a director.A. TillB. ForC. UntilD. To15. I’m going to spend the winter vacation in Shanghai, _____ I have relatives.A. becauseB. whichC. thatD. whereXIV. 强调句1. It was from the earliest time ____ men began to study the natural phenomena and heavenly bodies.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. how2. It _____ his father _____ made him a lawyer.A. were… thatB. was… thatC. was… whichD. is… which3. What _____ are you looking for?A. hellB. the hellC. a hellD. hells4. He is _____ honest because he often tells lies.A. anything butB. nothing butC. something butD. but anything5. “You are quite wrong. She ____ like you.”A. canB. hasC. shouldD. does6. _____, it is quite easy to drill a hole on it with laser.A. Hard although the diamond isB. Hard as the diamond isC. As the diamond is hardD. How hard is the diamond7. It was ____ it raised many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out.A. sinceB. becauseC. afterD. when8. It was the color of the material _____ he was surprised at.A. thatB. whomC. whichD. what9. It is _____ he is determined.A. buying a new car thatB. to buy a new car thatC. to buy a new car whatD. buying a new car which10. It was not until he arrived at the railway station _____ he realized he had forgotten his ticket.A. beforeB. sinceC. whenD. that。