《城市轨道交通专业英语》—Unit1
城市轨道交通专业英语翻译题
一单元；1、A maglev is a type of train that is suspended in the air above a single track ,and propelled using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism是一种类型的磁悬浮列车悬浮在空中上面一条清晰的足迹,和推进的反感和有吸引力的部队使用的磁性2、Japan and Germany are active in maglev research ,producing several different approaches and designs .日本和德国都活跃在磁悬浮研究、生产几种不同的方法和设计。
3、The effect of a powerful magnetic field on the human body is largely unknown 一个强大的影响磁场对人体是未知4 ，Some space agencies are researching the use of maglev systems to launch spacecraft 一些空间研究机构磁悬浮系统使用发射的宇宙飞船里踱步5，Inductrack(感应轨) was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store powerInductrack最初是作为一个磁轴承飞轮电机和一个存储能力二单元；1，A classification yard is railroad yard found at some freight train stations , used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks一个分类码是发现在一些货运铁路院子火车站,用来分离的一个铁路汽车在几条轨道2,There are three types of classification yards : flat-shunted yards ,hump yards and gravity yards有三种类型的分类码:flat-shunted码,驼峰码和重力码3,F reight trains which consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations货运列车由孤立的车辆必须制成火车和划分根据他们的目的地4,The tracks lead into a flat shunting neck at one or both ends of the yard where the cars are pushed to sort then into the right track铁轨引到一个平面并联脖颈一个或两端的院子里的汽车被推到分类然后进入正确的轨道5,they are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically他们要么气动或液压操作三单元1，The most difficult distinction to draw is that between light rail and streetcar or tram systems.最困难的区别之间画是轻轨和电车或电车系统。
城市轨道交通车辆专业英语
COMPONENTS组成：1.Car body车身It is to accommodate passengers and the driver.这是为了容纳乘客和司机。
Meanwhile, it is the basic component to connect to other devices or car bodies.同时，它是连接到其他设备或车身的基本部件。
For the purpose of meeting the strength requirement while keeping the self-weight at its lowest. 为了满足强度要求，同时保持自重最低。
Integrated steel structure or light metal structure is adopted.采用整体式钢结构或轻型金属结构。
It usually comprises of the floor, the roof, sides and end walls.它通常包括地板、屋顶、侧壁和端壁。
2. Bogies转向架Motor and trailer bogies are located between the car body and the track, to drag and guide the vehicles moving along the track.汽车和拖车转向架位于车体与轨道之间，拖曳和引导车辆沿轨道运动。
They cab bear and transfer a variety of load from lines and the car body, easing its dynamic action.他们从线路和车体上承担和传递各种载荷，减轻其动力作用。
It usually comprises of frame, spring suspension, wheel axle box and brake devices, etc.它通常包括车架、弹簧悬架、车轮轴箱和制动装置等。
城市轨道交通客运服务英语(第2版)Unit-1Metro-Introduction
2).frequency
3). space 4). Mode of running 5). speed
high
low
underground ground rail fast road slow
1. There+ be 句型 • There are 14 lines in Beijing Subway now. • There are many modern machines in subway station, such as AVM, ATM, AGM, PSDs, CCTV, etc. 2. Adjective (adj.) 用来描述事物 • Beijing Subway is modern, fast, safe, punctual, convenient and comfortable. • During the rush hour, it is crowded and uncomfortable. • All the staff members are warm-hearted, careful and friendly.
4) High frequency 5) Independent from other traffic
How is it different from bus? Fill in the chart . characteristics 1).capacity subway great bus not bad
Part A
Part B
Part C
Part D
Part E
Please list as many as countries and cities with metro systems in the world.
1.2轨道交通英语-时间
1.2 Time
Useful Expressions
1. What time will the next train arrive? 下一班车什么时间到？
2. In which direction? 哪个方向？
3. You just missed one. 您刚错过一班。
4. The next one will pull in in… minutes/ come in … minutes. 下一班……分钟后进站。
1.2 Time
J: I see. Thank you very much for your help. M: You’re welcome.
1.2 Time
Words and Phrases
rush v. pull in inquire v. route n. transfer v.
快速移动，猛冲 （公共汽车、火车）到站 询问，打听 路线 换乘
Hulan Road Gongfu Xincun Bao'an Highway West Youyi Road
first train departure time
to Shanghai Railway Station
to Fujin Rd
5:30
5:32
5:34
5:37
4:55
5:18
4:57
5:20
6:10
to Xinzhuang --6:02 6:00 5:57
5:54
5:51 5:49 5:46 5:44 5:42 5:40 5:38 5:35 5:33 5:31 5:30 5:57 5:55 5:53 5:50 5:47 5:45 5:42 5:40 5:37 5:34 5:32
城市轨道交通专业英语
缩写词和符号的翻译
缩写词大多是首字母，可按意义直译，而对于大家都很熟悉的
公司、机构或专业术语的缩写词也可不译，照抄原文。至于单 位则按意义直译或不译直接引用。
【例1】
IBM 国际商用机器公司（International Business Machines）
ATC 列车自动控制系统（Automatic Train Control）
2.alter ['ɔ:ltə(r)] vt. & vi.改变, 更改 As times alter, men's affections change／时过境迁。
3.One way ticket: 单程票 4.integral：adj 完整的，整体的，整数的; n 整数 integral
number 整数. 5.queue up.排队等候 queue up at the box office.在售票处排队 6.forbidden：adj. 不允许的，被禁止的；禁用的 7.purchase [pə:tʃəs]: n,v. 购买cash purchase现购, 现金购
严禁携带超长（1.8米以上）、易碎（如玻璃及易碎玻璃制品 等）、笨重（如自行车、洗衣机、电视机、台式电脑显示器、 电冰箱等）、妨碍公共卫生、车内通行和容易污损地铁设备和 站、车环境的物品及动物进站乘车。
返回
1.a child shorter than 1.2 meters 2.For the object which occupies 0.12 mm2 area 3.RMB 1,000 yuan. 4.One way ticket: Price RMB 3 yuan for Line 1, Line2,and Line 5. 5. Sorry for the inconvenience brought to you. 6. Thank you for your cooperation. 7. Dear passengers, welcome to take Nanjing metro train,Please,queue up
城市轨道交通客运服务英语(第2版)Unit-1Metro-Introduction
York__. • 10. The most frequent subway in the world is in Hong
Kong_.
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
(David is from America. He is talking about the Beijing Subway with Mr. Zhang. ) David : Oh, what a beautiful subway station! Mr. Zhang: Yes. This is the BEITUCHENG Station of Line 10. Welcome to
4) High frequency
5) Independent from other traffic
How is it different from bus? Fill in the chart .
characteristics 1).capacity
subway
bus
great
not bad
2).frequency
城市轨道交通专业英语
城市轨道交通运营管理专业专业英语ListListChapter 1: Development of Urban Rail Transit Speeds up in China (3)Chapter 2 Rapid Transit (12)Chapter 3RAIL TRANSIT IN NORTH AMERICA (23)Chapter 4 The Railroad Track (40)Chapter 5 General Vehicle Description (45)Chapter 6A TP Transmission and Moving Block (53)Chapter 7Control of Railway Operation (62)Chapter 8Train Station Passenger Flow Study (74)Chapter 9Metrocard Fare Incentives (81)Chapter 10 Audible Information Design in the New York City Subway (86)Chapter 1: Development of Urban Rail Transit Speeds up in China With the development of urban rail transit, on the one hand, it is promoting the process of urban modernization, alleviating congested traffic in cities, and narrowing the distance between time and space. On the other hand, it changes the way people travel, accelerates the pace of their life and work, and affects the quality of life.The state of urban rail transit reflects a country's comprehensive strength and is a symbol of a city's modernization level. At present, rail transit system is available in 135 cities in nearly 40 countries and regions. In cosmopolitan cities, accounting for a proportion of 60 per cent - 80 per cent, rail transit has become the leading means of transportation in these cities. Yet so far, in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou, etc., rail transit accounts for less than 10 percent in the cities total traffic capacity.Urban rail transit offers comprehensive advantages, like small land occupation, large traffic volume, high speed, non-pollution, low energy consumption, high safety and great comfort. With most facilities being installed underground and the operation going on underground, subways require very limited occupation of land, and do not compete with other means of transportation for space. Urban light rail, trolley bus as well as suburban rail and magnetic suspension train are basically railways, which makes it possible to make the most of land resources.Urban rail transit system offers immense transport capacity. During rush hours, the maximum unidirectional transport capacity may reach up to 60, 000- 80, 000 person-times per hour, which is unmatchable to other means of transportation. The hourly traveling speed of rail transit generally exceeds 70 kilometers-100 kilometers, offering high punctuality. Moreover, mostly being hauled by electric locomotives, rail transit requires low energy consumption, and it causes little pollution to cities. Therefore, it is called "green transportation".From a macro perspective, urban rail transit plays an important role in improving the structure of urban transport, alleviating urban ground traffic congestion, and promoting the utilization efficiency of urban land.Nevertheless, compared with other means of transportation, rail transit has some drawbacks, like long construction cycle, heavy initial investment, slow withdrawal of funds and poor economic benefits in operation. For example, currently the building of subway costs some RMB500 million-700 million per kilometer; urban light rail and magnetic suspension train, RMB200 million-300 million; trolley bus and suburban rail, about RMB100 million.In China, rail transit dates back to the late 1960s, when the first subway was built inBeijing. That was nearly one century later than developed countries in the West. However, since it made its debut, urban rail transit has helped ease the immense pressure caused by urban traffic congestion and brought great convenience and comfort to passengers. Take Beijing for example. Currently, subways provide a transport volume of approximately 1.5 million person-times per day. Without subways, the traffic congestion in this city would simply be inconceivable.At present, rail transit has evolved from the startup stage to a period of stable, sustainable and orderly development in this country. In China (excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan), the length of subways completed totals 193 kilometers; project urban rail under construction, 334 kilometers; planned urban rail, 420 kilometers. Among big cities with a population of over 2 million, those that already have or are building urban rail transit include Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing and Changchun. Now, seven cities have announced or are still working on their plan to build rail transit: Chengdu, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Xi'an, Harbin, Qingdao and Suzhou.According to plan, by 2008, there will be thirteen rail transit lines and two spur lines in Beijing, with a total length of 408.2 kilometers. In Shanghai, there will be 21 rail transit lines, totaling more than 500 kilometers in length. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the total length will hit 780 kilometers. In Tianjin, there will be four subway lines, totaling 106 kilometers. That, coupled with 50 kilometers of suburban light rail and one loop subway 71-kilometers set aside, will bring the total length to 227 kilometers. Meanwhile, there will be seven rail transit lines totaling 206.48 kilometers in Guangzhou, and seven rail transit lines totaling 263.1 kilometers in Nanjing. With other cities' planning taken into account, the total length of rail transit lines will come to some 2, 200 kilometers in this country.At present, the constraints to the development of rail transit in China mainly lie in three aspects:First, there is severe shortage of construction funds. According to the foregoing planning, it is necessary to invest in approximately RMB300 billion. Projects to be completed by 2006 alone require more than RMB150 billion. Furthermore, in most cases, funds come from investments of the central and local governments as well as bank loans. Still a developing country as it is, China has very limited financial strength.Second, as rail transit is demanding on technical standard, some key technical facilities at low ratio of home mading at present largely rely on imports. Thus, construction cost remains hig h due to the import of large quantity of technolog y and equipment.Third, in most cases, rail transit operates at a loss in China. That aggregates the centraland local governments' financial burdens, which, in return, checks the development of rail transit to some extent.For this reason, China formulated the guideline of "doing what the strength allows, implementing rules-based management and pursuing stable development". In the development of rail transit, it is required that homemade equipment should take up at least 70 per cent. Meanwhile, it is essential to ensure that development of rail transit suits the pace of economic development in the cities and prevent blind development and irrational attempts to advance forward.Railway Terms and New Wordsurban adj. 城市的, 市内的, urban rail transit（URT）城市轨道交通alleviate vt. 减轻congested adj. 拥挤的，congest vt.，congestion n.accelerate v. 加速, 促进comprehensive adj. 全面的，广泛的cosmopolitan adj. 世界性的，全球（各地）的proportion n. 比例, 均衡, 面积, 部分underground adj. 地下的, 地面下的, 秘密的n. [英] 地铁adv. 秘密地trolley bus n. 电车, (电车)滚轮, 手推车, 手摇车, 台车magnetic adj. 磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的suspension n. 吊, 悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中止, 悬而未决, 延迟basically adv. 基本上, 主要地unidirectional adj. 单向的, 单向性的the Tenth Five-Year Plan 第十个五年规划at a loss 低于成本的in return 作为报答compete with 与…争夺，competition n.Reading MaterialThe Rising Motorization of ChinaChina’s motorization rate has grown in accordance with other rapidly developing countries, but because of China’s high population, the impacts of motorization are potentially more severe. Figure 1 shows the exponential increase in personal automobile ownership rates. Currently, there are about seven personal automobiles per 1000 people,5compared to over 700 vehicles per 1000 people in industrialized nations like the United States. This figure does not include privately owned trucks or publicly owned vehicles (including buses and trucks), which increases the number of automobiles to about 28 vehicles per 1000 people. If China were to achieve motorization rates comparable to those of developed countries, the environmental and economic consequences could be disastrous. By 2020, the total automobile fleet (not including motorcycles) is expected to grow by between three and seven times the current size depending on economic growth rates (NRC 2003).The population distribution of China is diverse, with the majority of the population (60%) living in rural areas. However, in the past several decades, the improved economic situation of the cities has caused a rapid urban in-migration. This trend has resulted in a nearly three-fold increase in urban development and density in the last decade as displayed in Figure 2. Much of this development is not necessarily representative of sustainable transit and pedestrian oriented growth. Although this new development is very dense, low land cost at the periphery cause developers to build spatially separated housing and commercial developments with few transit connections to the urban center (Gaukenheimer 1996).The western provinces are the most sparsely populated with the largest urban population centers located in provinces along the eastern coast, in metropolises such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. These cities have been experiencing high motorization rates partially because of their higher incomes, but non-motorized modes still capture approximately 70% of the work trip commutes in these cities, while the personal automobile only accounts for 7% (Hu 2003). Much of the transportation and planning research has been centered on these cities, although they constitute a rather small portion of the entire population. Figure 3 shows the amount of cities of different sizes and the approximate total population of people living in cities of different size. Two thirds of the urban population resides in cities with populations between 0.5 and 2 million, indicating that much of the planning and transportation research related to China is focusing on problems that might not be relevant or applicable to the majority of the Chinese population. Economically, most of these cities are years or decades behind the more developed Chinese cities and have not developed many of the transportation problems Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have. Focusing planning efforts in these cities could have much greater returns.The Chinese economy has been growing at a phenomenal rate for the past decade and has doubled in size in the last nine years. In fact, the growth rate is so fast that the Chinese government is imposing several measures to try to control growth to keep it at a more sustainable level (Economist 2004). China’s growth has largely been a result of investment in a few “pilla r” industries. The highest growing pillar industries are: electronic manufacturing, automobiles, electric power, and steel. The eighth five-year plan (1991-1995) designated the automobile industry as one of the pillar industries of economic development. This policy statement encourages the growth of an indigenous auto industry that will be able to supply a large portion of its domestic demand and create a strong export market. It calls for the consolidation of over one hundred companies into 3 or 4 largecompetitive companies. The auto industry accounts for 20% of Shanghai’s gross regional product (Hook 2002). However, with China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, they must reduce tariffs on imported automobiles and can no longer protect their market. This has spurred development of the domestic automobile industry to a level that can compete with international competitors. One of the greatest challenges of cities in China is controlling automobile ownership growth, while fostering the national policy of growing the automobile industry.Costs and Benefits of MotorizationThe cost and benefit implications for Chinese motorization are enormous. Motorization is a major economic growth strategy. The government has adopted a strategy of developing an automobile manufacturing industry. Automobiles can also provide indirect economic benefits of decreased travel time, improved accessibility to goods and services, and new found mobility that will cause people to travel more and achieve a more mobile lifestyle that they would not have otherwise been able to experience.The potential costs are enormous. The United States has the highest motorization rate in the world and perhaps the most mature automobile industry. However, the US has also experienced very high costs associated with our level of motorization. The most obvious and potentially most severe cost is the air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the automobile. The US emits 26% of the global greenhouse gases but only constitutes 5% of the worl d’s population. China’s policy goal is to achieve Euro II emissions standards by 2005 (about a decade behind Europe) and be internationally compliant with Euro IV standards by 2010. This is a very ambitious goal, but it is necessary if Chinese automakers want to compete in the international market and improve the air quality in their own country. With the three to seven-fold growth rate anticipated in the next 15 years, CO2 emissions will likely quadruple, CO, and hydrocarbons will likely triple, and NO x and particulate matter will likely stay the same. This assumes an aggressive emissions regulation strategy and a modest economic growth rate (NRC 2003). The US EPA has identified all of these emissions as having serious health effects at high concentrations. From a global perspective, China’s motorization could have adverse effects on the global climate. Currently, the transportation sector accounts for 17% of the greenhouse emissions, but this proportion could increase significantly if the motorization trends continue. China is also the second highest consumer of oil in the world (behind the United States). If China motorizes as rapidly as expected, the increase demand could cause the global price of fuel to skyrocket.Another major issue associated with increased motorization is changes in land use. As incomes increase, people desire more living space, which reduces density and encourages expansion at the urban fringe. Figure 4 shows the growth of residential floor space per capita, which is a force toward lower density. This requires more auto oriented transportation infrastructure as well as more land for development. In Shanghai, approximately 10% of the land area is devoted to transportation infrastructure (compared to 20-25% in Europe) (Shen 1997). Because of the built environment, most of the new transportation infrastructure is expanding at the periphery, encouraging auto oriented developments. An increasingly open housing market, where people choose where to live is also creating a spatial jobs-housing imbalance that did not previously exist, when industry provided housing for its employees adjacent to their plants. This greatly increases the cost of transportation for Chinese households as indicated by Figure 5. The proportion of a households income spent on transportation has increases ten fold in less than 15 years. Another major consideration is the conservation of agricultural land. China currently has a very low amount of agricultural land per capita (World Bank 2001)and cannot afford to lose more through urban expansion (Franke 1997).Additional costs include accidents and injuries associated with motorization. Currently, the fatality rate (deaths per mile of travel) is 30 times that of the United States, with over 100,000 deaths per year since 2001, many of which are pedestrians and bicyclists (NRC 2003, Hook 2002b). Additionally equity issues must be considered, specifically the dislocation of the poor. Even with the high projected growth rates in automobile ownership, most Chinese will not own vehicles, so alternative modes must be supplied that can serve the increasing spatial separation between origins and destinations. The cost of the required infrastructure will be enormous and the government will likely have to provide more subsidies to the transportation sector, potentially restricting its investment in other sectors.Causes of MotorizationThe primary impetus for the motorization of China has been the rapid growth of the economy. With a rise in the economic growth of a country comes a desire and means to become more motorized. Motorization rates are associated with a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Countries with low GDP (below $800) generally have a high proportion of trucks and buses in their vehicle fleets. As GDP increases up to about $10,000, the share of personal automobiles increases drastically until a saturation level is reached (NRC 2003). China’s GDP has been increasing by more than 8% annually for over a decade. A large proportion of upper income people can now afford the luxury of the automobile.Kenworthy et. al. (1999) argue that, while GDP plays an important role, there are many other factors that likely influence motorization rates. By comparing cities with similar GDP and very different transportation energy use, they conclude that land use is a primary factor influencing energy use and thus motorization. Additionally demand management schemes can limit the adverse effect of motorization in China. Currently China’s regulatory structure is weak and inconsistent. Some cities have effectively provided competitive transit alternatives and limited outward expansion (Joos 2000). Others have fully embraced the automobile, pushing many other modes to the side.Railway Terms and New Wordsmotorization n.动力化, 摩托化exponential diverse migration metropolis adj.adj.n.n.指数的, 幂数的不同的, 变化多的移民, 移植, 移往, 移动大城市Chicago, the metropolis of the Midwest.skyrocket v.暴涨，猛涨迅速和突然地升高或使升高：fringe n.边缘, 须边, 刘海periphery n.外围fatality n.命运决定的事物, 不幸, 灾祸, 天命dislocation n.混乱, 断层, 脱臼saturation n.饱和(状态), 浸润, 浸透，饱和度in accordance with 与...一致, 依照per capita 按人口平均计算Chapter 2 Rapid TransitA rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated, or metro system is a railway system, generally in an urban area, that generally has high capacity and frequency, with large trains and total or near total grade separation from other traffic.Definitions and NomenclatureThere is no single term in English that all speakers would use for all rapid transit or metro systems. This fact reflects variations not only in national and regional usage, but in what characteristics are considered essential.One definition of a metro system is as follows; an urban, electric mass transit railway system totally independent from other traffic with high service frequency.But those who prefer the American term "subway" or the British "underground" would additionally specify that the tracks and stations must be located below street level so that pedestrians and road users see the street exactly as it would be without the subway; or at least that this must be true for the most important, central parts of the system. On the contrary, those who prefer the American "rapid transit" or the newer term "metro" tend to regard this as a less important characteristic and are pleased to include systems that are completely elevated or at ground level ( at grade) as long as the other criteria are met. A rapid transit system that is generally above street level may be called an "elevated" system (often shortened to el or, in Chicago, "L" ). In some cities the word "subway" applies to the entire system, in others only to those parts that actually are underground; and analogously for "el".Germanic languages usually use names meaning "underground railway" (such as "subway" or "U-Bahn"), while many others use "metro".Train Size and Motive PowerSome urban rail lines are built to the full size of main-line railways; others use smaller tunnels, limiting the size and sometimes the shape of the trains (in the London Underground the informal term tube train is commonly used). Some lines use light rail rolling stock, perhaps surface cars merely routed into a tunnel for all or part of their route. In many cities, such as London and Boston's MB-TA, lines using different types of vehicles are organized into a single unified system.Although the initial lines of what became the London Underground used steam engines, most metro trains, both now and historically, are electric multiple units, with steel wheels running on two steel rails. Power is usually supplied by means of a single live third rail (as in New York) at 600 to 750 volts, but some systems use two live rails (noticeably London) and thus eliminate the return current from the running rails. Overhead wires, allowinghigher voltages, are more likely to be used on metro systems without much length in tunnel, as in Amsterdam; but they also exist on some that are underground, as in Madrid. Boston's Green Line trains derive power from an overhead wire, both while traveling in a tunnel in the central city and at street level in the suburban areas.Systems usually use DC power instead of AC, even if this requires large rectifiers for the power supply. DC motors were formerly more efficient for railway applications, and once a DC system is in place, converting it to AC is usually considered too large a project to contemplate.TracksMost rapid transit systems use conventional railway tracks, though since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to wet weather, they are often fixed to the floor instead of resting on ballast. The rapid transit system in San Diego, California operates tracks on former railroad rights of way that were acquired by the governing entity.Another technology using rubber tires on narrow concrete or steel railways was pioneered on the Paris M6tro, and the first complete system to use it was in Montreal. Additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and a conventional track is often provided in case of flat tires and for switching. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater inclines given the increased traction allowed by the rubber tires.Some cities with steep hills incorporate mountain railway technologies into their metros. The Lyon Metro includes a section of rack (cog) railway, while the Carmelit in Haifa is an underground funicular.For elevated lines, still another alternative is the monorail. Supported or "straddle" monorails, with a single rail below the train, include the Tokyo Monorail; the Schwebebahn in Wuppertal is a suspended monorail, where the train body hangs below the wheels and rail. Monorails have never gained wide acceptance except for Japan, although Seattle has a short one, which it hopes to replace with a new, larger system, and one has lately been built in Las Vegas. One of the first monorail systems in the United States was installed at Anaheim's Disneyland in 1959 and connects the amusement park to a nearby hotel. Disneyland's builder, animator and filmmaker Walt Disney, offered to build a similar system between Anaheim and Los Angeles.Crew Size and AutomationEarly underground trains often carried an attendant on each car to operate the doors or gales, in addition to a driver. The introduction of powered doors around 1920 permitted crew sizes to be decreased, and trains in many cities are now operated by a single person. Where the operator would not be able to see the whole side of the train to tell whether thedoors can be safely closed, mirrors or closed-circuit TV monitors are often provided for that purpose.An alternative to human drivers became available in the 1960s, as automated systems were developed that could start a train, accelerate to the correct speed, and stop automatically at the next station, also taking into account the information that a human driver would obtain from lineside or cab signals. The first complete line to use this technology was London's Victoria Line, in 1968. In usual operation the one crew member sits in the driver's position at the front, but just closes the doors at each station; the train then starts automatically. This style of system has become widespread. A variant is seen on London's Docklands Light Railway, opened in 1987, where the "passenger service agent" (formerly "train captain") rides with the passengers instead of sitting at the front as a driver would. The same technology would have allowed trains to operate completely automatically with no crew, just as most elevators do; and as the cost of automation has decreased, this has become financially attractive. But a countervailing argument is that of possible emergency situations. A crew member on board the train may be able to prevent the emergency in the first place, drive a partly failed train to the next station, assist with an evacuation if needed, or call for the correct emergency services (police, fire, or ambulance) and help direct them.In some cities the same reasons are considered to justify a crew of two instead of one; one person drives from the front of the train, while the other operates the doors from a position farther back, and is more conveniently able to help passengers in the rear cars. The crew members may exchange roles on the reverse trip ( as in Toronto) or not (as in New York ) .Completely crewless trains are more accepted on newer systems where there are no existing crews to be removed, and especially on light rail lines. Thus the first such system was the VAL (automated light vehicle) of Lille, France, inaugurated in 1983. Additional VAL lines have been built in other cities. In Canada, the Vancouver Sky Train carries no crew members, while Toronto's Scarborough RT, opening the same year (1985) with otherwise similar trains, uses human operators.These systems generally use platform-edge doors (PEDs) , in order to improve safety and ensure passenger confidence, but this is not universal; for example, the Vancouver SkyTrain does not ( And on the contrary, some lines which retain drivers, however, still use PEDs, noticeably London' s Jubilee Line Extension. MTR of Hong Kong also uses platform screen doors, the first to install PSDs on an already operating system. ) With regard to larger trains, the Paris Metro has human drivers on most lines, but runs crewless trains on its newest line, Line 14, which opened in 1998. Singapore's North EastMRT Line (2003) claims to be the world' s first completely automated underground urban heavy rail line. The Disneyland Resort Line of Hong Kong MTR is also automated.Tunnel ConstructionThe construction of an underground metro is an expensive project, often carried out over many years. There are several different methods of building underground lines.In one usual method, known as cut-and-cover, the city streets are excavated and a tunnel structure strong enough to support the road above is built at the trench, which is then filled in and the roadway rebuilt. This method often involves extensive relocation of the utilities usually buried not for below city streets—especially power and telephone wiring, water and gas mains, and sewers. The structures are generally made of concrete, perhaps with structural columns of steel; in the oldest systems, brick and cast iron were used. Cut-and-cover construction can take so long that it is often necessary to build a temporary roadbed while construction is going on underneath in order to avoid closing main streets for long periods of time; in Toronto, a temporary surface on Yonge Street supported cars and streetcar tracks for several years while the Yonge subway was built.Some American cities, like Newark, Cincinnati and Rochester, were originally built around canals. When the railways took the place of canals, they were able to bury a subway in the disused canal's trench, without rerouting other utilities, or acquiring a right of way piecemeal.Another common way is to start with a vertical shaft and then dig the tunnels horizontally from there, often with a tunneling shield, thus avoiding almost any disturbance to existing streets, buildings, and utilities. But problems with ground water are more likely, and tunneling through native bedrock may require blasting. (The first city to extensively use deep tunneling was London, where a thick sedimentary layer of clay largely avoids both problems. ) The confined space in the tunnel also restricts the machinery that can be used, but specialised tunnel-boring machines are now available to overcome this challenge. One disadvantage with this, nevertheless, is that the cost of tunneling is much higher than building systems cut-and-cover, at-grade or elevated. Early tunnelling machines could not make tunnels large enough for conventional railway equipment, necessitating special low round trains, such as are still used by most of the London Underground, which cannot fix air conditioning on most of its lines because the amount of empty space between the trains and tunnel walls is so small.The deepest metro system in the world was built in St. Petersburg, Russia. In this city, built ii the marshland, stable soil starts more than 50 meter deep. Above that level the soil is mostly made up of water-bearing finely dispersed sand. As a result of this, only three stations out of nearly 60 are built near the ground level and three more above the ground.。
轨道交通专业英语第一课
Lesson One
According to plan, by 2008, there will be thirteen rail transit lines and two spur lines in Beijing, with a total length of 408.2 kilometers. In Shanghai, there will be 21 rail transit lines, totaling more than 500 kilometers in length. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the total length will hit 780 kilometers. In Tianjin, there will be four subway lines, totaling 106 kilometers. That, coupled with 50 kilometers of suburban light rail and one loop subway 71-kilometers set aside, will bring the total length to 227 kilometers. Meanwhile, there will be seven rail transit lines totaling 206.48 kilometers in Guangzhou, and seven rail transit lines totaling 263.1 kilometers in Nanjing. With other cities' planning taken into account, the total length of rail transit lines will come to some 2, 200 kilometers in this country.
城市轨道交通专业英语翻译题
一单元；1、A maglev is a type of train that is suspended in the air above a single track ,and propelled using the repulsive and attractive forces of magn etism是一种类型的磁悬浮列车悬浮在空中上面一条清晰的足迹，和推进的反感和有吸引力的部队使用的磁性2、Japan and Germany are active in maglev research ,producing several different approaches and desig ns .日本和德国都活跃在磁悬浮研究、生产几种不同的方法和设计。
3、The effect of a powerful magnetic field on the human body is largely unknown 一个强大的影响磁场对人体是未知4 ，Some space agencies are researching the use of maglev systems to launch spacecraft一些空间研究机构磁悬浮系统使用发射的宇宙飞船里踱步5，Inductrack（感应轨）was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store powerIn ductrack 最初是作为一个磁轴承飞轮电机和一个存储能力二单元；1，A classification yard is railroad yard found at some freight train stations , usedto separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks一个分类码是发现在一些货运铁路院子火车站，用来分离的一个铁路汽车在几条轨道2, There are three types of classification yards : flat-shunted yards ,hump yards and gravity yards有三种类型的分类码：flat-shu nted 码，驼峰码和重力码3, F reight trains which consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided accord ing to their desti nati ons货运列车由孤立的车辆必须制成火车和划分根据他们的目的地4, The tracks lead into a flat shunting neck at one or both ends of the yard where the cars arepushed to sort the n into the right track铁轨引到一个平面并联脖颈一个或两端的院子里的汽车被推到分类然后进入正确的轨道5, they are operated either pn eumatically or hydraulically他们要么气动或液压操作三单元1，The most difficult distinction to draw is that between light rail and streetcar or tram systems.最困难的区别之间画是轻轨和电车或电车系统。
《城市轨道交通专业英语》 Part1
标
Unit1 Service Awareness
题 八
Words & Phrases
awareness \[wens\] n. 意识，认识；明白，知道 proper \[prp\] adj. 适当的；本身的；特有的；正派的 foundation \[faundein\] n. 基础；地基；基金会；根据；创立 satisfaction \[stsfkn\] n. 满意，满足；赔偿；乐事；赎罪 mutual \[mjutul\] adj. 共同的；相互的，彼此的 ability \[blti\] n. 能力，能耐；才能 performance \[pfrmns\] n. 性能；绩效；表演；执行；表现 consciousness \[knsns\] n. 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉
Lin: Oh, that is something I can not help with.
Peter: It is alright, thanks. I just need to check out whether it is the spot. Is this the main entrance where most passengers get in and out?
Service awareness is a person's consciousness and desire which reflects a series of warm, thoughtful and active service. It is from a service personnel's inside. It is a kind of instinct and habit. It can be formed through training, education and practice.
城市轨道交通专业英语(运营管理方向)习题答案
Part 1 Situational Conversation情景对话1.1 Service 服务A。
subway； figure out; direction； stopsB.1。
您可以从C1口出坐8路到人民公园。
2.打扰了，您能告诉我从这儿怎样乘坐地铁去火车站吗?3。
到了之后在E出口出，上面有公交接驳。
4。
您必须在烈士陵园站下车，换乘3号线。
C.1。
arrive2。
pull in3.from4.leaves5.tookA。
1。
My wallet is gone! I may have left it on the train.2。
Please tell me the time and direction of the train.3。
Please describe your backpack.4.It’s a blue and black backpack， made of canvas. It's 40 centimeters wide and 60 centimeters long.5。
Please tell me your name and phone number. We'll contact you as soon as we find it.B.1。
你好，我的公文包被落到列车上了。
2。
哦，我的钥匙掉到站台里了！我可以看到他们在轨道上!3.我很担心。
我的文件包里有我们公司许多重要的文件和数据！4.你能帮我找我的身份证吗？我想是昨天下午掉到站台上了.5.你好,我的手机不见了。
我可以用你的电话打个电话吗？C。
1. security 2。
for a long time 3。
peak 4。
duty 5。
cooperate1。
2 Ticketing售票A. 1。
Yes, youcan.2. It’sthree ways.3. 5 yuan, 10 yuan and 20 yuan。
城市轨道交通专业英语 1 Introduction
Learning Objectives
In this unit, you will: learn different kinds of urban rail transit; learn about the metro system in the world, China and Guangzhou; learn some useful expressions for talking about subway trips; enhance your presentation skill by working out a presentation on world’s metro systems.
Exercises:
• Task1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or False (F) according to your understanding of the passage. ( F) 1. Metro systems are usually built in suburban areas.. ( T) 2. All countries do not use the same term to refer to a metro system. ( F) 3. China has the longest metro system is in China while America has the second longest. ( F) 4. In China, all metro systems are built in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and the Jingjinji region whose economy is developing fast. ( T) 5. More metro systems will be built in China.
城市轨道交通专业英语UNIT1
destination [ˌdestɪ'neɪʃn] n.目的地 guide [ɡaɪd] sign[saɪn]导向标识 information [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn] office问讯处 boarding ['bɔːdɪŋ] gate[ɡeɪt]检票口 boundary ['baʊndri] n.分界线;范国;(球场)边线 symbol ['sɪmbl] n.象征;标志;符号;记号 consult [kən'sʌlt] w.请教;翻阅;求教于;顾及 in a hurr['hʌri] y立刻;迅速地;急切;乐意地
B: Sure. You can't get there directly from here. You can take Metro Line 1, get on the train at Shenyang Railway Station and get off at Qingnian Street Station which is a transfer station.Then change to Line 2 and get off at Shenyang Aerospace ['eərəʊspeɪs] University Station
vending ['vendɪŋ] machine)自动售票机 interchange ['ɪntətʃeɪndʒ] station ['steɪʃn] / transfer
[træns'fɜː(r)] station换乘站 concourse英 ['kɒŋkɔːs] n.站厅 single ['sɪŋɡl] - way ticket单程票 facility [fə'sɪləti] n.设施、设备
城市轨道交通专业英语习题答案.doc
Part 1 Situational Conversation情景对话Service 服务A. subway;figure out; direction; stopsB. 1. 您可以从 C1 口出坐 8 路到人民公园。
2.打扰了，您能告诉我从这儿怎样乘坐地铁去火车站吗？3.到了之后在 E 出口出，上面有公交接驳。
4.您必须在烈士陵园站下车，换乘 3 号线。
C. 1. arrive 2. pull in 3. from 4. leaves 5. tookA.wallet is gone! I may have left it on the train. 2.Please tell me the time and direction of the train.3. Please describe your backpack.4. It's a blue and black backpack, made of canvas. It's 40 centimeters wide and60 centimeters long.5. Please tell me your name and phone number. We'll contact you as soon as we find it.B. 1. 你好，我的公文包被落到列车上了。
2.哦，我的钥匙掉到站台里了 ! 我可以看到他们在轨道上！3.我很担心。
我的文件包里有我们公司许多重要的文件和数据！4.你能帮我找我的身份证吗？我想是昨天下午掉到站台上了。
5.你好，我的手机不见了。
我可以用你的电话打个电话吗？C. 1. security 2. for a long time 3. peak 4. duty 5. cooperateTicketing售票A. 1. Yes, you can.2. It ’s three ways.3.5 yuan, 10 yuan and 20 yuan.4.Ticket Vending MachineB. 1. Tickets can be bought at Ticket Vending Machines of each station or usecity card.2. The chip in the card also allows you to buy tickets at ticket vending booth orin metro. Which is a time-saver if there are long lines at the ticket counter.3. Introduced the function of AFC system and the work principle of TVM.4. It's easy. Just go to the ticket office the subway.5. Related departments revealed that line 5 is completed, would change current ticketing system, achieve new ticketing system according to mileage.C.略A. 1. You can recharge your card at subway stations, convenience stores, banks oronline.2. Public transportation card can also be used to taxis and buses.3. Your card is not magnetic, we can give you a new card.4. Please fill in your name and phone number on the receipt.5. If the passengers need invoice, please go to customer service center to receive.B.略A. 1.我赶时间我想退票。
城市轨道交通车辆专业英语
CHAPTER ONE综述城市轨道交通系统，现代高科技的代表，由于它的快捷、舒适、安全和准点性颇受很多人的喜欢。
它可以满足大城市日益渐长的交通需求并提供一个相对更好的环境。
由于其低污染性，因此被称为绿色交通方式。
在我国这是一个建造地铁的黄金时期，现在，全国大约有40个城市在建造地铁或计划建造。
图1.1展示了世界各地的一些地铁。
1.一个城市轨道交通车辆的构成城市轨道交通车辆主要涉及地铁和轻轨，二者都是城市轨道交通系统中重要的装置并且在机械和店里技术上十分独立。
总的来说，一个城市轨道交通车辆由下面七部分组成：车体它（指车体）用于承载乘客与司机，同时，它也是连接到其它设备或车体的基础部件。
为了在维持最小自重时能满足强度要求，现代城市轨道交通车辆的车体采用的是集成钢架构或轻金属结构。
它通常由地板面，天花板，侧墙及端墙组成。
动车转向架和拖车转向架动车转向架和拖车转向架安装于车体和轨道间，用来沿着轨道拖拉和引导车辆。
它们可以转变以适应从线路到车体的各式各样的负载，简化动力过程。
作为车辆运行中最重要的部分，它通常由构架，弹簧悬挂装置，轮对轴箱和制动装置等组成。
牵引和缓冲装置这些装置作用在一起被称为车钩，能帮助改善列车的纵向稳定性。
在多数情况下，车钩内包含缓冲装置，一遍减轻列车冲击、急拉现象。
它们也被用来实现编组之间的电气线路和气路的连接。
制动装置它们对于列车的安全运行是至关重要的。
制动装置安装在动车和拖车上，用来使运行中的车辆按照要求减速，使车辆的停车距离在许可的范围内。
除了传统的气动制动，电动制动也被引入到了城市轨道交通车辆中。
采集系统受流器用于将电流引导到动车上。
通常方式如下：a)电车，主要用于城市无轨电车。
b)弓形集电器，主要用于城市有轨电车。
c)单边受流器，主要用于小型货运装备的电力机车。
d)第三轨，现在主要用在北京地铁和欧美大多数城市中。
e)受电弓受流器主要用于高速的电力机车上，上海地铁采用了这种受流器。
城市轨道交通专业英语 1 Introduction
Subway Enrse evaluated?
Attendance Participation in class Homework 1 tests 10% 10% 10% 70%
Subway English
Unit 1 Introduction to City Rail Service
Section III: Dialogues. In this section, you will hear two dialogues. In dialogue 1, you will learn to give instruction on taking the subway. In dialogue 2, you will learn to talk about experience of subway trips. Dialogue 1 Listen and supply the missing words. Then listen and repeat. Situation: Daisy has just entered Panyu Square Staion and she is now at the Customer Service Center, asking for the way to Pazhou Station.
城市轨道交通专业英语UNIT1
Each metro station has more than two entrances and exits. Each entrance or exit has its own number, showing the symbol of metro station, the number of Metro Line, the name of station and the number of entrance and exit in two languages: Chinese and English.
destination [ˌdestɪ'neɪʃn] n.目的地 guide [ɡaɪd] sign[saɪn]导向标识 information [ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn] office问讯处 boarding ['bɔːdɪŋ] gate[ɡeɪt]检票口 boundary ['baʊndri] n.分界线;范国;(球场)边线 symbol ['sɪmbl] n.象征;标志;符号;记号 consult [kən'sʌlt] w.请教;翻阅;求教于;顾及 in a hurr['hʌri] y立刻;迅速地;急切;乐意地
进站 在距离车站200米至500米的区域范围内,都设有站外导向标志牌 轨道交通车站一般均有两个以上的出入口。每个出入口处都标有中英文
的地铁标识、线路号、车站名、出入口编号.
Service center:
We provide various services to passengers, such as consulting [kən'sʌltɪŋ] service, ticket business service,money exchange and repair of damaged public transportation card.