文章写作一般原则-2014-11

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层次理论-1
Top-down

Tree Transformation Document Formatting Knowledge Description Languages Key-word Match
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层次理论-2
The challenging problems to be handled
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唐远炎
Yuan Yan Tang
IEEE Fellow IAPR Fellow
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目录
两篇 IEEE Transactions 文章的写作经验 An Experience of Publishing Papers in IEEE Transactions 专业知识和语言（英语）的关系 What Role the Language Plays 学习英语的体会 What is a Good Way of Learning English 文章写作一般原则 Principle of writing
Hausdorff suggested counting the minimum number of equal spheres that cover the entire figure.
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Fractal Dimension分形维 非层次理论
Y. Y. Tang, H. Ma, D. H. Xi, X. G. Mao, and C. Y. Suen, “Modified Fractal Signature (MFS): A New Approach to Document Analysis for Automatic Knowledge Acquisition,” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp.747-762, 1997.
Bottom-up
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பைடு நூலகம்
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1995年以前,国际上使用的文本分析理论
新的文本分析理论 - 非层次文本分析理论
1995年以前,国际上使用的文本分析理论
下推理论 上推理论
美国著名模式识别专家 L.O’Gorman和R. Kasturi 日本日立公司研究发展部首席科 学家H. Fujisawa 等在国际上提 出了下推理论和上推理论
前言
基于分形和小波的文本分析理论 – 兼谈英文科技论文写作的体会
Document Analysis Based on Fractal and Wavelets - An Experience of Writing Technical Papers in English 英文科技论文的写作是目前老师和研究生关心的 一件事。本报告以作者20多年写作的经验并结合两 篇有关模式识别论文的写作过程为实例，介绍写作 英文科技论文的一些体会。这两篇论文都发表在 IEEE Trans 上，其中一篇，第一稿就录用，未作任 何修改。 此报告的主要内容有：论文的选题、如何确定你 要投什么样的期刊、如何表达论文的观点、论文各 主要部分的写作要点、专业知识和语言（英语）的 关系、学习英语的体会等。 此报告是作者的体会，和大家分享。不涉及具体 的英文语法等英语学习的问题。

The first principle
In order to say something well you must have something to say. 要想说好某件事，一定要有某件事。
The second principle
When you decide to write something, ask yourself who it is that you want to reach. 当你决定写东西时，问问自己预期中的 读者是谁。
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L.O’Gorman L.A. Fletcher H. Fujisawa G. Nagy W. Doster K. Inagaki
下推理论 上推理论
不能处理复杂结构 的文本 只能处理部分复杂 结构的文本，且时 间复杂度高
[8] H. Fujisawa and Y. Nakano, A Top-down Approach for Analysis of Document, 1990 [9] L.O’Gorman and R. Kasturi, Document Image Analysis, IEEE Press, 1995
L.O’Gorman L.A. Fletcher H. Fujisawa G. Nagy W. Doster K. Inagaki
[3] K. Inagaki, et al, Pattern Recognition, 17(1):85-108, 1984 [4] L.A. Fletcher, et al, IEEE Trans PAMI 10(6): 910-918, 1988 [5] H. Fujisawa et al, SSPR90, 113-122, 1990 [6] G. Nagy, et al, IEEE Trans PAMI 15(7):737-747, 1993 [7] L.O’Gorman et al, IEEE Trans PAMI 15(11):1162-1173, 1993
The subject must match the main objective of the journal
A Research of Document Analysis ……
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As mentioned in the first issue of the IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, one of the key technologies related to knowledge and data engineering is the acquisition of knowledge and data … [4]. One of the most challenging topics is automatic acquisition of new data and knowledge [11]. In practice, much knowledge has to be acquired from documents, including technical reports, government files, newspapers, books, journals, magazines, letters, and bank cheques, …. The acquisition of knowledge from such documents can involve an extensive amount of handcrafting on the part of the engineer. Such handcrafting is time consuming and limits the application of the information systems. Actually, it is a bottleneck of information systems. Thus, automatic knowledge acquisition from documents has become an important subject.
1995年我们提出了分形特征文 本分析理论 2002年我们提出了统计特征文 本分析理论 我们统一定义为非层次理论
成功处理了复 杂结构的文本
[12] IJPRAI, 2002, 16(5):551-571
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Box Fractal Dimension
Texture Analysis by 2-D Fractal Dimension 二维分形维用于纹理分析
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文本分析Document Analysis
Document Processing 文本处理
Document processing is a technology which uses the modern computers to extract useful information from various documents
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两篇 IEEE Transactions 文章
Y. Y. Tang, H. Ma, D. H. Xi, X. G. Mao, and C. Y. Suen, “Modified Fractal Signature (MFS): A New Approach to Document Analysis for Automatic Knowledge Acquisition,” IEEE Trans on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 747-762, 1997. Y. Y. Tang, Ho. Ma, J. M. Liu, B. F. Li, and D. H. Xi, “Multiresolution Analysis in Extraction of Reference Lines from Documents with Grey-level Background,” IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp.921-926, 1997. 4
提出了文本分 析的非层次理论 提出了基于小 波的文本分析 理论
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Principle 基本原则
Pattern recognition Image processing Computer vision Artificial intelligence

Natural L. processing Date bases Expert system Knowledge engineering
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1995年以前,国际上使用的文本分析理论
我们取名 为层次理 论
Fractal Dimension 分形维
非层次理论
L1 L2 L3 L3 > L2 > L1 FD1= 0.245 FD2= 0.876 FD3= 1.432
下推理论 上推理论
几十年来文本分 析的理论 瓶颈
[10] ICDAR’95, pp. 567-570 [11] IEEE KDE, 1997, 9(5):747-762
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非层次文本分析理论
刊登在本领域国际权威的期刊IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering (KDE) 上
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The title must highlight the main contribution
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Modified Fractal Signature (MFS): A New Approach to Document Analysis for Automatic Knowledge Acquisition A Study of Modified Fractal Signature (MFS) ……
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The weaknesses of the previous works
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Brief Introduction of the new idea
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Paul Halmos, 1916-2006, 哈尔莫斯 美国著名数学家
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Graphic area Text area
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A Basic Model for Document Processing
Y. Y. Tang, et. Al. (1991), "Document analysis and understanding: a brief survey,” Proc. First Int. Conf. on Document analysis and Recognition, France, Sept. 30 - Oct. 2, pp. 1117-31.