英语构词法

Means Of Word Formation

Three Major Means:

Affixation

Compounding

Conversion

affixation

A prefixation

•a dis in il ir im non un

apolitical disobey injustice illegal irregular non-smoker unfair •de un

deoil unwrap

•mis mal

misconduct misbehavior maltreat

•extra micro macro mini out over sub super ultra under

extra-strong microcomputer macroclimate

mini-bus outlive overweight understate subheading superstar ultra-left

•anti counter pro

anti-nuclear anti-smoking counteraction proslavery

•fore inter tele trans

forehead forearm inter-city inter-personal telecommunication transworld

•ex fore post pre re ante

ex-president ex-wife foretell postwar preschool reconsider antedate •semi uni mono bi tri quad penta multi (poly) deci-,deca- centi- milli- kilo-

semicircle uniform monorail bicycle biweekly tricycle quadrangle the Pentagon multi-purpose

decade centimeter millimeter kilometer

•auto neo pan vice co

autostop neo-nazi pan-pacific vice-chairman

B suffixation

1.Noun suffixes

•eer ster

Engineer gangster mountaineer

•ette let

cigarette booklet piglet

•ess （female）

Actress poetess hostess

•age dom ery hood ing ism ship才能，状态，资格，品质等Leakage boredom slavery childhood farming terrorism leadership readership membership lectureship sportsmanship •ant ee ent er or

assistant dependent interviewee interviewer

•age al ance ation ition tion sion ion ence ing ment

carriage dismissal attendance performance protection decision existence building savings statement judgement

•ity ness

popularity happiness largeness carelessness

•ese an ist

Chinese Australian socialist violinist

2.adj. Suffixes

•ed ful ish less like ly y (al ial ical esque ic ous)

wooded successful childish priceless dreamlike friendly smoky •able ible ive sive ative

washable arguable permissible active decisive productive

3.adv. Suffixes

ly ward(s) wise

calmly downward clockwise

4.verb suffixes

ate en ify ize ise

originate darken heighten strengthen beautify diversify modernize Americanize

Compounding

n.

•moonwalk end product chain-smoker •toothache frostbite

•deadline blueprint

•air-conditioning brain-washing

•outbreak downfall

adj.

•recording-breaking

•easy-going

•deaf-mute bitter-sweet

•town-bred

•short-sighted

•ten-storey fourleg

•one-eyed two-legged

•newly-built

pain-in-stomach gesture

ahead-of-schedule general election

too-eager-not-to-lose champion

a middle-of-the-road politician

round-the-clock discussion

Conversion

Look at the following (round)