200个压力容器的核心名词
Tube, pipe, tubing 和 piping 四个名词(术语)的区别
Tube, pipe, tubing 和 piping 四个名词(术语)的区别CACI 总部 曹良知ASME 锅炉及压力容器规范对tube, pipe, tubing 和piping 这四个名词(术语)的含义是很严密的,适用于不同的场合。
现将我对四个名词的理解分述如下,供大家讨论。
1、 tube 是圆形的,或具有连续周边的任何其他截面形状的空心制品。
圆形 tube 的尺寸可以用外径、内径、壁厚三者中的任意两个来指定。
2、 pipe 是符合ASNI B36.10和B36.19(用于不锈钢)所列公称尺寸的圆形截面的tube ,它的直径用NPS 号表示,NPS 号与实际外径是不一致的,如NPS8 其外径是8.625 英寸。
管子壁厚用schedule No. 表示,同一NPS 号可以有各种Sch. No.。
Sch. No. 有标准壁厚(STD )、加厚壁厚(XS )和特厚壁厚(XXS )之分等等。
因此,tube 和 pipe 的基本差别是制造所依据的尺寸标准。
其次pipe 只有圆管,tube 可以有各种截面形状,pipe 只是tube 中的一个特例。
第三,无论tube 还是pipe 都是指材料生产厂生产出的原材料。
3、 tubing 是用tube 按PG-27.2.1[外径D ≤5in.(127mm)]的计算公式计算后选定直径和厚度,并按设计要求加工(如弯管、开坡口、甚至油漆等)后制成的产品。
我们可以叫它管子件。
其计算公式是:e D P S PD t +++=05.02])005.0(201.02[e D t D e D t S P -----= 4、 piping 一般选用pipe 按PG-27.2.2的计算公式计算后选定NPS 和Sch. No ,并按设计要求加工后制成的产品,我们称作管道,但锅炉制造厂一般将这些管子叫做导管。
其计算公式是:PD t = 或 c PR t +=)(2)(2c t y D c t SE P ---= 或))(1()(c t y R c t SE P --+-= tubing 和piping 的区别是 1.选用的原材料不同,tubing 一般选用tube 加工制造piping 选用pipe 加工制造。
压力容器定义与分类
压力容器1. 概述工业生产中具有特定的工艺功能并承受一定压力的设备,称压力容器。
贮运容器、反响容器、换热容器和别离容器均属压力容器。
为了与一般容器〔常压容器〕相区别,只有同时满足以下三个条件的容器,才称之为压力容器:1 〕工作压力大于或者等于0.1Mpa〔工作压力是指压力容器在正常工作情况下,其顶部可能达到的最高压力〔表压力〕;〔不含液体静压力〕2〕内直径〔非圆形截面指其最大尺寸〕大于等于。
且容积〔V〕大于等于立方米,工作压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于 2.5MPa-L〔容积,是指压力容器的几何容积〕;3〕盛装介质为气体、液化气体以及介质最高工作温度高于或者等于其标准沸点的液体.压力容器的用途十分广泛。
它是在石油化学工业、能源工业、科研和军工等国民经济的各个部门都起着重要作用的设备。
压力容器一般由筒体、封头、法兰、密封元件、开孔和接管、支座等六大局部构成容器本体。
此外,还配有平安装置、表计及完成不同生产工艺作用的内件。
压力容器由于密封、承压及介质等原因,容易发生爆炸、燃烧起火而危及人员、设备和财产的平安及污染环境的事故。
目前,世界各国均将其列为重要的监检产品,由国家指定的专门机构,按照国家规定的法规和标准实施监督检查和技术检验。
2. 分类压力容器的分类方法很多,从使用、制造和监检的角度分类,有以下几种。
〔1〕按承受压力的等级分为:低压容器、中压容器、高压容器和超高压容器。
⑵按盛装介质分为:非易燃、无毒;易燃或有毒;剧毒。
〔3〕按工艺过程中的作用不同分为:①反响容器〔R〕:用于完成介质的物理、化学反响的容器。
②换热容器〔H〕:用于完成介质的热量交换的容器。
③别离容器(S):用于完成介质的质量交换、气体净化、固、液、气别离的容器。
④贮运容器(T):用于盛装液体或气体物料、贮运介质或对压力起平衡缓冲作用的容器。
(4)为了更有效地实施科学管理和平安监检,我国?压力容器平安监察规程? 中根据工作压力、介质危害性及其在生产中的作用将压力容器分为三类。
压力容器
名词概念:1.设计压力:是指设定的压力容器顶部的最高压力,与相应的设计温度一起作为设计载荷条件,其值不低于工作压力。
2.工作压力:是指压力容器在正常工作情况下,其顶部可能达到的最高压力。
3.计算压力:是指在相应设计温度下,用以确定元件厚度的压力,并且应当考虑液柱静压力等附加载荷。
4.设计温度:是指压力容器在正常工作情况下,设定的元件金属温度(沿元件金属截面的温度平均值),设计温度与设计压力一起作为设计载荷条件。
5.容积:是指压力容器的几何容积,即由设计图样标注的尺寸计算(不考虑制造公差)并且圆整。
一般应当扣除永久连接在压力容器内部内件的体积。
6.特种设备:是指涉及生命安全、危险性较大的锅炉、压力容器(含气瓶)、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施。
7.压力容器:是指盛装气体或液体,承载一定压力的密闭设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于等于0.1MPa(表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于2.5MPa.L的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体的固定式压力容器和移动式压力容器;盛装公称工作压力大于或者等于0.2Mpa (表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1.0Mpa.L的气体和标准沸点等于或者低于60℃液体的气瓶;氧舱等。
8.屈强比:屈服强度与抗拉强度之比。
9.爆轰:物质的燃烧速度极快,达到每秒1000米,产生与通常燃烧根本不同的现象,称爆轰。
10.应力腐蚀破裂:金属在应力和腐蚀共同作用下(并有一定的温度条件)所引起的破裂。
11.固溶热处理:将合金加热至高温单向区恒温保持,使过剩相充分溶解到固溶体中后快速冷却,以得到饱和固溶体的工艺称为固溶热处理。
12.低温低应力工况:系指容器和其受压元件的设计温度虽低于-20℃,但其环向应力小于或等于钢材料标准常温屈服点的六分之一,且不大于50MPaR工况。
13.许用应力:是以材料的极限应力为依据,取适当的安全系数得到。
即:[σ]=极限应力/安全系数14.焊接接头系数:即焊缝强度与母材强度之比。
压力容器常用英语单词汇总
压力密封的阀盖Pressure seal bonnet1.按汉语类别编排动力操纵器Powered operator1.1 阀门类电动操纵器 Electric motor operator1.1.1阀门结构.零件气动操纵器Pneumatic operator阀轭 Yoke液压操纵器Hydraulic operator外螺纹阀杆及有阀轭Outside screw&yoke [OS&Y]快速操纵器(滑动阀杆)Quick-acting operator (sliding stem)阀杆Stem正齿轮传动Spur gear operated内螺纹阀杆 Inside screw伞齿轮传动Bevel gear operated阀轭套Yoke sleeve扳手操作 Wrench operated阀杆环 Stem ring 链轮 Chain wheel阀座Valve seat (Body seat)手轮Hand wheel阀座环.密封圈seat ring手柄Hand level (Handle)整体阀座 Integral seat气缸(或液压缸)操纵的Cylinder operated堆焊阀座Deposited seat链条操纵的Chain operated阀心(包括密封圈.杆等)Trim等径孔道 Full bore ; Full port阀盘Dise异径孔道Reducing bore ; Reduced port ; Venturi port 阀盘密封圈 Dise seat短型 Short pattern阀体 Body紧凑型(小型)Compact type阀盖 Bonnet笼式环Lantern ring阀盖衬套Bonnet bush压盖Gland螺纹阀帽Screw cap阀杆填料Stem packing螺纹阀盖Screw bonnet阀盖垫片Bonnet gasket螺栓连接的阀盖Bolted bonnet[BB]升杆式(明杆)Rising stem[RS]活接阀盖(帽)Union bonnet (cap)非升杆式(暗杆)Non-rising stem [NRS]螺栓连接的阀帽Bolt cap [BC]开闭指示器/限位器Indicator/stopper焊接阀盖Welded bonnet [WB]注油器Grease injector本体阀杆密封Body stem seal可更换的阀底座 Renewable seat ring石棉安全密封Asbestos emergency seal 1.1.2常用阀倒密封Back seal(1)闸阀Gate valve平行双闸阀 Double disc parallel seat(9)旋塞阀 Plug valve楔形双闸阀 Split wedge三通旋塞阀 Three-way plug valve挠性楔形闸阀 Flexible solid wedge四通旋塞阀 Four-way plug valve楔形单闸板Solid wedge旋塞Cock塞形闸阀 Plug gate valve衬套旋塞 Sleeve cock疏通型闸阀Through conduit gate valve(10)隔膜阀 Diaphragm valve(2)截止阀 Globe valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 Rubber lined diaphragm valve球心型阀盘 Globe type disc直通式隔膜阀 Straight way diaphragm valve塞型阀盘Plug type disc 堰式隔膜阀 Weir diaphragm valve可转动的阀盘 Swivel disc(11)加紧式胶管阀 Pinch valve (用于泥浆、粉尘等)(3)节流阀 Throttle valve(12)止回阀 Check valve针阀Needle valve升降式止回阀 Lift check valve(4)角阀(角式截止阀) Angle valve旋启式止回阀 Swing check valve(5)Y型阀(Y型阀体截止阀) Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)落球式止回阀 Ball check valve(6)球阀 Ball valve弹簧球式止回阀 Spring ball check valve三通球阀4-way ball valve双板对夹式止回阀 Dual plate wafer type check valve 装有底轴的 Trunnion mounted 无撞击声止回阀 Non-slam check valve耐火型Fire safe type 底阀 Foot valve防脱出阀杆 Blowout proof stem切断式止回阀 Stop check valve(7)蝶阀 Butterfly valve活塞式止回阀 Pistonche check valve对夹式(薄片式) Wafer type 翻板止回阀 Flap check valve凸耳式 Lug type 翻转盘式止回阀 Tilting disc check valve偏心阀板蝶阀 Offset disc butterfly valve,蝶式止回阀 Butterfly check valveEccentric butterfly valve安全泄气阀 Safety valve [SV]斜阀盘蝶阀 Canted disc butterfly valve安全泄液阀 Relief valve [RV]连杆式蝶阀 Link butterfly valve 安全泄压阀 Safety relief valve止回式蝶阀 Combined non-return杠杆重锤式 Lever and weight typebutterfly valve引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 Pilot operated safety valve(8)柱塞阀 Piston type valve复式安全泄气阀 Twin type safety valve罐底排污阀 Flush-bottom tank valve自动关闭阀Self-closing valve波纹管密封阀 Bellow sealed valve自动排液阀Self-draining valve电磁阀 Solenoid valve ; solenoid 管道盲板阀Line-blind valveoperated valve挤压阀Sgueeze valve电动阀Electrically operated valve ; (用于泥浆及粉尘等一般不能全关闭)Electric-motor operated valve呼吸阀Breather valve气动阀 Pneumatic operated valve风门Damper低温用阀 Cryogenic service-valve减压阀Pressuer reducing valve;蒸汽疏水阀 Steam trap Reducing valve机械式疏水阀 Mechanical trap控制阀Control valve浮桶式疏水阀 Open bucket trap;open top bucket trap膜式控制阀 Diaphragm, operated浮球式疏水阀 Float trap control valve倒吊桶式疏水阀 Inverted bucket trap执行机构Actuator自由浮球式疏水阀 Loose float trap背压调节阀Back pressure regulating恒温式疏水阀 Thermostatic trap valve金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 Metal expansion steam trap压力比例调节阀Pressure ratio regulating valve液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 Liquid expansion steam trap 1.1.4未指明结构(或阀型)的阀双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 Bimetallic expansion 切断阀Block valve; shut-off valve;steam trap stop valve压力平稳式恒温疏水阀 Balanced pressure 调节阀Regulating valvethermostatic trap快开阀Quick opening valve热动力式疏水阀 Thermodynamic trap 快闭阀Quick closing valve脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 Impulse steam trap 隔断阀Isolating valve放汽阀(自动放汽阀) Air vent valve; (Automatic air vent valve ) (疏水阀用)三通阀Three way valve平板式滑动闸阀 Slab type sliding gate valve 夹套阀Jacketed valve盖阀 Flat valve 非旋转式阀Non-rotary valve换向阀 Diverting valve; Reversing排污阀Blowdown valvevalve 集液排放阀Drip valve热膨胀阀 Thermo expansion valve 排液阀Drain valve放空阀 Vent valve 合金钢管Alloy steel pipe卸载阀 Unloading valve 不锈钢管Stainless steel [S.S.]pipe排出阀 Discharge valve 奥氏体不锈钢管Austenitic stainless pipe吸入阀 Suction valve 铁合金钢管Ferritic alloy steel pipe多通路阀 Multiport valve 扎制钢管Wrought-steel pipe取样阀 Sampling valve 段铁管Wrought-iron pipe手动阀 Hand operated valve; 无缝钢管Seamless[SMLS]steel pipemanually-operated valve 焊接钢管Welded steel pipe锻造阀 Forged valve 电阻焊钢管Electric-resistance-welded steel pipe铸造阀 Cast valve 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管Electric-fusion (arc)-welded实心本体的阀 Barstock valv e steel-plate pipe(水)龙头 Bibb; Bib; Faucet螺旋焊接钢管Spiral welded steel pipe抽出液阀(小阀) Bleed valve 镀锌钢管Galvanized steel pipe旁路阀 By-pass valve 热轧无缝钢管Hot-rolling seamless pipe软管阀 Hose valve冷拉无缝钢管Cold-drawing seamless pipe混合阀 Mixing valve水煤气钢管Water-gas steel pipe破真空阀 Vacuum breaker塑料管Plastic pipe冲洗阀 Flush valve 玻璃管Glass tube根部阀 Root valve;Primary valve;橡胶管Rubber tubeHeader valve壁厚Wall thickness(WT)1.2 管子、管件及法兰壁厚系列号Schcdule number1.2.1 管子架厚的,加强的Extra heavy; Extra stromg管子(按照标准规格制造的配管用管) Pipe双倍加强的,双倍加厚的Double extra heavy; Double管子(不按照标准规格制造的其他用管) Tube extra strong钢管 Steel pipe 1.2.2管件Fitting铸铁管 Cast iron pipe弯头Elbow衬里管 Lined pipe异径弯头Reducimg elbow复合管 Clad pipe带支座弯头 Base elbow碳钢管 Carbon steel [C.S.]pipe长半径弯头 Long radius elbow短半径弯头 Short radius elbow等径四通 Straight cross长半径180º弯头 Long radius return异经四通 Reducing cross短半径180º弯头 Short radius return异径四通(一个分支口为异径)Reducing cross (Reducing on one outlet)带侧向口的弯头(右向或左向) Side outlet elbow(Right hand or left hand)异径四通(两个分支口为异径)Reducing cross (Reducing on both outlet)双支管弯头 Double branch elbow三通 Tee异径四通(一个直通口及分支口为异径)Reducing cross (Reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通 Reducing tee等径三通 Straight tee异径四通(一个直通口及两个分支口为异径)Reducing cross (Reducing on one run and both outlet)带侧向口的三通(右向或左向)Side outlet tee (Right hand or left hand)异径管Reducer异径三通(分支口为异径)Reducing tee(Reducing on outlet)同心异径管Concentric reducer偏心异径管Eccentric reducer异径三通(一个直通口为异径)Reducing tee (Reducing on one run)锻制异径管Reducing swage支管连接 Branch connection带支座三通 Base tee 螺纹支管台Thredolet异径三通(一个直通口及分支口为异径)Reducing tee (Reducing on one tun and outlet)焊接支管台Weldolet承插焊支管台Sockolet异径三通(两个直通口为异径)(双头式)Reducing tee (Reducimg on both runs) (Bull head)弯头支管台 Elbolet斜接支管台Latrolet45º斜三通 46ºLateral镶入式支管嘴Sweepolet45º斜三通(支管为异径)46ºLateral (Reducing on one branch)短管支管台Nipolet支管台,插入式支管台Boss45º斜三通(一个直通口为异径)46ºLateral (Reducing on one run)管接头Coupling; Full coupling半管接头Half couping45º斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径)46ºLateral (Reducing on one run and branch)异径接头Reducing coupling活接头UnionY型三通 True “Y”内外螺纹缩接Bushing四通 Cross管帽Cap [C]堵头Plug法兰连接(接头)Flanged joint短管 Nipple对焊连接(接头)Bull welding joint异径短节Reducing nipple螺纹连接;管螺纹连接Threaded joint; pipe异径短节(外螺纹或无螺纹) Swage nippe (选自BS 3800) threaded joint1.2.3 弯管锥管螺纹密封焊连接Seal-welded taper pipe预制弯管 Fabricated pipe bend threaded joint跨越弯管( )形 Cross-over bend 承插焊连接(接头)Socket welded joint偏置弯管()形Offset bend承插连接(接头)Bell and spigot joint90º弯管 Quarter bend焊接接头Welded joint环形弯管 Circle bend环垫接头Ring joint[RJ]单侧偏置90º弯管( )形 Single offset quarter bend万向接头UniversalS型弯管“S” bend 软钎焊连接(接头)Soldered joint单侧偏置90º弯管 Single offset “U”bend搭接接头Lapped jointU型弯管“U” bend外侧厚度切斜角Bevel for outside thickness双偏置U型膨胀弯管Double offset expansion内侧厚度切斜角Bevel for inside thickness“U” bend内外侧厚度切斜角Bevel for combined thickness斜接弯头 Mitre elbow法兰式的Flanged [FLGD]斜接弯 Mitre bend对焊的Butt welded [BW]三节斜接管 4-piece mitre bend螺纹的Threaded [THD]折皱弯管 Corrugated bend承插焊的Socket welded [SW]12.4 端部连接 End connection小端为平的Small end plain [SEP]法兰端 Flanged end 大端为平的Large end plain [LEP]坡口端;对焊端 Beveled end [BEV.E];Butt 两端平Both ends plain [BEP]welded end 小端带螺纹Small end thread [SET]平端 Plain end [PE]大端带螺纹Large end thread承插焊端Socket welding end 一端带螺纹One end thread螺纹端Threaded end [TE]两端带螺纹Both ends thread承口Bell end 1.2.5法兰Flange[FLG]焊接端Welding end 整体管法兰Integral pipe flange钢管法兰Steel pipe flange光滑突面Smooth raised face [SRF]螺纹法兰Threaded flange法兰面加工Facing finish滑套法兰(平焊法兰)Slip-on-welding flange粗糙度RoughnessSlip-on [SO] flange光滑的Smooth承插焊法兰Socket welding flange齿形的Serrated松套法兰Lap joint flange [LJF]均方根Root mean square [RMS]对焊法兰Weld neck flange [WNF]算术平均粗糙高度Arithmetical average roughness height[AARH]法兰盖Blind flange ; Blind 1. 3管道特殊件Piping soeciality孔板法兰Orifice flange 1.3.1管道特殊件(组件)异径法兰Reducimg flange粗滤器Strainer盘座式法兰Pad type flange过滤器Filter松套带颈法兰Loose hubbed flange临时粗滤器(锥形)Tenportary strainer(cone type)板式平焊法兰Welding plate flange T型粗滤器T-type strainer对焊环Welding neck collar 永久过滤器Permanent filter(与stubend相似)(与stubend相似)网状粗滤器Gauze strainer平焊环Welding-on collar洗眼器及淋浴器Eye washer and shower管端突缘Stub end 视镜Sight glass翻边端Lapped pipe end阻火器Flame arrester松套板式法兰Loose plate flange喷嘴;喷头Sparay nozzle压力级Pressure rating ; Pressure rating class喷射器Ejector压力-温度等级 Pressure-temperature rating取样冷却器Sample cooler法兰密封面;法兰面Flange facing消音器Silencer突面 Raised face [RF]膨胀节Expansion joint凸面Male face [MF]波纹膨胀节Bellow expansion joint凹面Female face [FMF]单波Single bellow榫面Tongue face 双波Double bellow槽面Groove face 多波Multiple bellow环连接面Ring joint face 压力平衡式膨胀节Pressure balanced expansion joint全平面;满平面Flat face; Full face [FF]带铰链膨胀节Hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节Axial movement type a) 材料自均衡膨胀节(带外加强环)Self-equalizing expansion joint碳素钢Carbon steel [ C.S. ]带拉杆膨胀节Tied expansion joint 低碳钢Low-carbon steel万向型膨胀节Universal type expansion joint 中碳钢Medium-carbon steel球形补偿器Ball type expansion 高碳钢High-carbon steeljoint flexible ball joint普通碳素钢General carbon steel填函式补偿器Slip type优质碳素钢High-quality carbon steel(packed type expansion joint)普通低合金结构钢General structure low-alloy steel1.3.2管道特殊元件 Piping special element合金结构钢Structure alloy steel软管接头Hose connection [HC]合金钢Alloy steel快速接头 Quick coupling工具钢Tool steel金属软管 Metal hose弹簧钢Spring steel橡胶管 Rubber hose钼钢Molybdenum steel挠性管Flexible hose镍钢Nickel steel鞍形补强板Reinforcing saddles,铬钢Chrome steelReinforcing pad铬钼钢Chrome-molybdenum steel特殊法兰Special flange铬镍钢Chrome-nickel steel漏斗 Funnel渗铬钢,镀铬钢Chromized steel排液环 Drip ring镀铬的Chromium-plated ; chrome-plated排液漏斗 Drain funnel不锈钢Stainless steel [S.S.]插板 Blank奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel垫环 Spacer马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel垫环Special blind;Figure 9 blind司特来合金(钨铬钴合金)Stellite限流孔板Restriction orifice耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy爆破板Rupture disk平炉钢(马丁钢)Martin steel法兰盖贴面Protective disc镇静钢Killed steel1. 4其它材料半镇静钢Semi-killed steel1.4.1一般材料沸腾钢Rimmed steel ; Rimming steel ; Open steel (1)金属材料锻钢 Forged steel铸钢Cast steel 抗弯强度Bending strength铸铁Cast iron [ C.I. ]弹性极限 Elastic limit灰铸铁Grey cast iron疲劳极限Fatigue limit可锻铸铁Malleable iron [ M.i. ] ; Nodular蠕变极限Creep limit球墨铸铁Nodular cast iron ; Nodular graphite iron持久极限Endurance limit生铁Pig iron布氏极限 Brinell hardness熟铁,锻铁 Wrought iron洛氏极限 Rockwell hardness铸件Casting维氏极限Vickers diamond hardness ; Diamond penetrator hardness 高硅铸铁High silicon cast iron(2)非金属材料 Non-metallic material非铁合金Non-ferrous alloy塑料Blastic铝Aluminum丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene铜,紫铜Copper聚乙烯 Polyethylene [ PE ]黄铜Brass聚氯乙烯 Poly vinyl chloride [ PVC ]青铜Bronze苯乙烯橡胶Styrene-rubber [ SR ]铝青铜Aluminum bronze聚丁烯Polybutylene [ PB ]磷青铜Phosphor bronze聚丙烯Polypropylene [ PP ]铝镁合金Aluminum magnesium聚苯乙烯 Polystyrene [PS]锰青铜Manganese bronze氯化聚醚Chlorinated polyether [CPE]蒙乃尔(注:镍及铜合金) Monel聚酰胺Polyamide [PA]钛Titanium聚碳酸酯Polycarbonate [PC]铅Lead聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA]硬铅Hard lead醋酸丁酸纤维素Cellulose acetate butyrate [CAB](b)性能氯化聚氯乙烯Chlorinated poly vinyl chloride极限强度Ultimate strength[CPVC]抗拉强度Tensile strength聚偏二氟乙烯Poly vinylidene fluoride屈服极限Yield limit缩醛塑料Acetal plastic屈服点Yield point尼龙塑料Nylon plastic延伸率Percentage elongation聚烯烃Polyolefin[PO]抗压强度Compressive strength石墨酚醛塑料Gtsphited phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯 Polytetrafluoroethylene[PTFE]无石墨压缩白石棉垫片纤维增强热塑性塑料Fiber reinforced thermop lastics Non gtaphited compressed white asbestos gasket 热塑性塑料Thermoplastic天然白棉垫片Natural white rubber gasket热固性Thermoset压缩石棉垫片Compressed asbestos gasket胶粘剂Adhesive浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片溶剂胶接剂Solvent cement PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket树脂Resin夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片木材Wood Spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 耐火砖Fire brick 内环Inner ring陶瓷Ceramic外环,外定位环Outer ring搪瓷Porcelain enamel波纹金属垫片Corrugated metal gasket硼硅玻璃Borosillicate glass波纹金属包石棉垫片玻璃Glass Corrugated metal double jackted asbestos filled gasket 橡胶Rubber双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片丁腈橡胶Nitrile butadiene rubber Double jacketed asbestos filled gasket氯丁橡胶Neoprene双夹套垫片Double jacketed gasket天然橡胶Natural rubber金属包石棉平垫片Flat metal jacketed asbestos乙丙橡胶Ethylene propylene rubber[ EPR] filled gasket乙烯丙烯二烃单Ethylene propylene diene monomer[EPDM]实心金属齿形垫片Solid metal serated gasket1.4.2垫片 Gasket [GSKT]槽形金属垫片Grooved metal gasket垫片的型式Type of gasket环形连接金属垫片Ring joint metal gasket平垫片Flat gasket八角环形垫片Octagonal ring gasket环形平垫片 Flat ring gasket椭圆环形垫片Oval ring gasket平金属垫片Flat metal gasket透镜式垫片Lens gasket带棉织物的橡胶Elastomer with cotton fabric insertion 1.4.3填料带石棉织物的橡胶Elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion填料Packing带石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶Elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with石棉绳 Asbestos rope ; Asbestos cordO型环 O-ringwire reinforcement自密封Self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap综合管道材料表Consolidated piping material 带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳Asbestis rope with inconel wire ; Inconel wire Asbestos Summary sheet [ CPMSS ]浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉Teflon impregnated 材料情况报告Material status report[ MSR ] asbestos packing汇总表Summary sheet金属填料Metallic stuffing估算 Estimate填料箱,填料函Packing box ; stuffing box数量Quantity [ QTY ]填料函压盖Stuffing box gland重量Weight1.4.4型材询价Inquiry型钢Shaped steel采购Procurement pruchase角钢Angle steel采购说明Purchase specification槽钢Channel订货单Purchasing order工字钢工-Beam采购说明汇总表Purchasing specifacation宽缘工字钢或H钢 Wide Flanged beam summary sheet [ PSSS ]T型钢T-Bar请购Requisitioning方钢Square Bar厂商报价Vendor quotation扁钢 Flat Bar预制的Prefabrication六角钢Hexagonal steel Bar编位号的Itemized圆钢Round steel ; rod代码Code number钢带Strap steel短代码Short code钢板Plate由买方供货By Buyer [ BB ]网纹钢板Checkered plate由卖方供货By seller腹板(指型钢的立板)Web由制造厂供货By vendor [ BV ]翼缘(指型钢的缘)Wing供应者Supplier1.4.5材料统计及采购制造者,制造厂Manufacturer材料表Bill of material 1.5.设备布置及管道设计材料统计Material take-off 1.5.1设备布置散装材料Bulk material接续线Match line [M.L.]统计材料的准确度Accuracy of take-off中心线Center line [ φ ]分组(类)形式(如管道等级表) Block form装置边界Battery limit[BL]区界Area limit碎石铺面Gravel paving区域边界Zone limit橡皮铺面Rubber paving工厂边界Plant limit钢结构steel structure装置边界内侧Inside Battery limit [ I.S.B.L. ]场地Yard设备布置 Equipment Arrangement ; Equipment layout ; plot plan 建筑物Building标高,立面Elevation[ EL]道路Road混凝土顶面Top of concrete管廊Pipe rack架顶面Top of support [ TOS ]柱Column ; Post ; Stanchion钢结构顶面Top of steel [ TOS ]基础Foundation梁顶面Top of Beam梁Beam支撑点 Point of support [POS]斜撑Bracing东East [E ]桁架Girder西West [W ]电缆槽(架)Cable tray (channel )南South [S ]仪表电缆槽(架)Instrument Cable tray(Duct)北North [N]墙Wall上 Up篦子板Grate ; Grating下Down吊装孔Erection opening工厂北向Plant north吊梁Hoisting beam真实北向True north棚Shelter方位Orientation吊柱Davit危险区划分Hazardous area classification净正吸入压头Net positive suction head楼面Floor绝对标高Absolute elevation平台Platform[PM]坐标Coordinate地面Ground level坐标原点Origin coordinate栏杆Hand rail出口中心线Center line of discharge楼梯Stairs ; stair way入口中心线Center line of suction直梯Ladder 切线Tangent line铺砌区Paving area焊接线Welding ling非铺砌区Unpaving area转/分Revolutions per minute控制室Control room冷凝器Condenser洗眼站Eye washer station螺旋板式换热器Spiral plate exchanger泡沫站Foam station反应器Reactor软管站Hose station [ H.S. ]贮槽Tank贮藏室Storage room缓冲器Knock-out drum通风室Ventilating room球罐Spheroid ; Spherical tank更衣室 Locker room罐Drum变压器室Transformer room气柜Gas holder配电室 Substation螺旋式气柜Helical gas-holder维修室Maintenance room湿式气柜Wet gas-holder办公室 Office干式气柜Dry gas-holder洗室Closet炉子Furnace分析室Analyzer room烧咀Burner压缩机房Compressor house (room)锅炉Boiler泵房Pump room火炬Flare蓄电池室Battery-room烟囱Stack盘(操作盘) Panel加热器Heater就地盘 Local panel电加热器Electric heater电气盘 Electrical panel搅拌器Agitator仪表盘Instrument panel干燥器Dryer1.5.2设备名称混合器Mixer塔Tower ; Column蒸发器Evaporator洗涤塔Scrubber萃取器Extractor吸收塔Absorber结晶器Crystallizer冷却塔 Cooling tower澄清器Gravity settler精馏塔 Fractionating tower喷射器Ejector换热器 Heat exchanger喷头Sprayer空冷器 Air cooler旋风分离器Cyclone水冷却器 Water cooler分离器Separator成套设备 Package unit离心分离机Centrifuger separator设施Facilities离心过滤机Centrifuger filter仪器设备Apparatus压滤机Pressure filter附件,附属设备Accessory发电机Generator起重机 Crane汽轮机Steam turbine桥式起重机Bridge crane电动机Motor电动葫芦 Motor hoist 1.5.3管道设计Piping design泵 Pump管道研究Piping study涡轮泵Turbine pump管道布置平面Piping arrangement plant[PAP]涡流泵Vortex pump管道布置Piping assembly ; Piping layout离心器Centrifugal pump详图Detail喷射泵“X”视图View “X”转子泵Rotary pump“A-A”剖视Section “A-A”管道泵 Inline pump通用连接图Hook up DWG真空泵 Vacumm pump轴测图Isometric drawing柱塞泵 Plunger pump索引图Key plan双作用往复泵Double action reciprocation pump通用连接组Typical installation计量泵Metering管道及仪表流程图Piping and Instument diagram {P&ID}深井泵 Deep Well pump管口表List of nozzle齿轮泵Gear pump接续图Continue on drawing [COD]手摇泵Hand pump ; Wobble pump界外Offsite压缩机Compressor地上管道Above ground piping活塞式压缩机Reciprocating Compressor地下管道Under ground piping多级压缩机Mutiple stages compressor管线号Line number螺杆压缩机Helical screw compressor总管Header ; Manifold离心式压缩机Centrifugal Compressor旁路By pass风机Fan未经允许不得开启Car seal close [C.S.C]鼓风机Blower未经允许不得关闭Car seal open[C.S.O]离心机Centrifuger在关闭状态下锁定Locked closed [L.C.]在开启状态下锁定Locked open {L.O.}入口Inlet ; suction常开 Normally Open出口Outlet ; discharge常闭 Normallu Closee排出口Exhaust取样接口 Sampling connection排液Drain伴热管 Tracing pipe放空Vent蒸汽伴热 Steam tracing污水坑(井)Sump pit热水伴热 Hot-water tracing集水池Catch Basin电伴热 Electrical tracing沟槽Trough夹套管 Jacketed Line管沟Piping trench全夹套的 Full jacked地漏Floor drain比例 Scale小过道Cat walk图 Figure走道,过道Walk way ; Gang way草图 Sketch预留区Future area图例 Legend人孔Manhole [MH]符号 Symbol手孔Handhole[HH]件号 Part Number管口Nozzle中压 Memium pressure [M.S.]连接,接头Connection高压 High pressure [H.S.]导管Conduit大气压Atmosphere [ATM]管口方位Nozzle orientation真空 Vacuum方向Direction工作压力 Operating pressure ; Working pressure位置Location设计压力Design pressure 相交Intersection工作温度Operating temperature垂直、正交、垂直的Perpendicular设计温度Design temperature平行、平行的Parallel环境温度Ambient temperature管顶Top of pipe [TOP]度Degree管底Bottom of pipe [BOP]摄氏Centigrade[C]沟底Bottom of trench华氏Fahrenheit [F]管子内底Invert (inside bottom of pipe)固定鞍座Fixed saddle底平Flat on bottom [FOB]顶平Flat on top [FOT]相反(的),对面(的)Opposite水平的Horizontal距离Distance垂直的、立式的Vertical坡度Slope上升管;垂直管Riser工作点Working point [W.P.]等级分界 Material Specification break管间距Line spacing隔热分界Insulation break管道跨度Line span管道等级Piping class相当的Equivalent管道材料规定Piping material specification最大Maximum [Max]公称直径Nominal diameter [DN]最小Minimum [Min]公称压力Nominal pressure [PN]大约Approximate [APPROX]等级Class [CL]面积Area磅/平方英寸Pounds per square inch [Psi]体积,容积Volume [VOL]公斤/平方厘米Kilogrms per square centimeter[Kg/c㎡]直径Diameter[D] [DIA]百万帕斯卡Million Pascal{Mpa}半径Radius [R]管道组成件Piping component外径Outside diameter [OD]管道附件Piping attachment内径Inside diameter [ID]管道元件Piping element螺栓圆直径Bolt circle [B.C.]腐蚀裕量Corrosion allowance节圆直径Pitch circle diameter管段,短管Spool piece ; Spool间隙,净空Clearance直管Run pipe ; straight pipe尺寸Dimension弯管Bend高度Height管件直连Fitting to fitting [FTF]高度,海拔Altitude水平安装Horizontal installation厚度Thickness[THK]垂直安装Vertical installation长度Lengh面至面Face to face[F-F]宽度Width中心至端面Center to end [C-E]深度Depth中心至面Center to face [C-F]千磅Kip中心至中心;中至中Center to Center[C-C]米Meter对称的Symmetric毫米Millimeter英寸Inch连接杆Tie rod英尺Foot限制杆Limit rod1.6管道支吊架带环头拉杆Eye rod1.6.1管架零部件Attachment of support连接杆Connecting rod管托Shoe杠杆Lever管卡Clamp间隔管(片、块)SpacerU形夹Clevis滑动吊板(吊架顶部用)Sliding traveller (for hanger)锻制U形夹Forged steel clevis滑轮组Tackle block支耳Lug钢索,电缆Cable耳轴Trunnion木块 Wood block止动挡块Shear lug鞍座Saddle托座Stool裙座Skirt吊耳Ear 1.6.2管支架型式Type of pipe support带状卡Strap clamp支承架Resting support夹板,导向板Cleat滑动架Slilding support可调夹板Adjustable cleat固定架Anchor角板,连接板Gusset导向架Guide筋,肋Rib限制性支架Restraint支承环Ring限位架Stop加强板Stiffener定值限位架Limit stop底板Base plate二维限位架Two-axis stop顶板Top plate往复定值限位架Double-acting limit stop翅片式导向板Fin定向限位架Directional stop预埋件Embedded part; Inserted吊架Hanger垫板(安装垫平用)Shim弹簧架Spring support锚固件,生根件Clip弹簧托Resting type顶焊件(设备上)Clip(on equipment)spring support聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate弹簧吊架Spring hanger连接板Tie plate恒力吊架Constant hanger重锤式吊架Counter weight hanger组装,装配Assembly弹簧恒力吊架Spring constant hanger攻螺孔Tapped , Tapping弹簧恒力托架Resting type spring自由滑动Free to slideconstant support跨度Span滚动支架Rolling support 对中心,找正Alignment弹簧支撑架Spring bracing切割使适合Cut to suit减振器Snubber修饰使适合Trim to suit液压减振器Hydraulic snubber伸出长度(指预埋螺栓)Extrusion减振装置Damping device 1. 7应力计算类缓冲筒(器)Dash pot热应力分析Thermal stress analysis1.6.3标准及通用型支架管道柔性分析Piping flexibility analysis标准管架Standard pipe support荷载工况Load case通用管架Typical pipe support力Forse悬臂架Cantilever support力距Moment三角架Triangular support弯曲力距Bending moment支腿Leg扭距TorgueII型管架II-type support外载Externally applied loadL型管架L-type support荷载Load柱式管架Pole type support冷态荷载Cold load墙架Support-on-wall工作荷载Working load可调支架Adjustable support反力Reaction管墩,低管架Sleeper位移Displacement特殊管架Special support附加位移Appendant displacement1.6.4管架安装角位移Angular rotation背对背Back to back冷紧,冷拉Cold spring钻孔Drill自拉Self spring长孔Slot; slot hole约束Restraint放气孔,通气孔Vent hole固定点Fix point ; Anchor point灌浆,水泥砂浆填平Grouting自由Free刚性的Rigid应力增大系数Stress intensification factor方向Direction面内In-plane元件Member面外Out-plane节点Node热循环Thermal cycle节点号Node number热膨胀系数Thermal expansion coefficie factor 管系Piping system安全系数Safety factor应力Stress 1. 8焊接及热处理类弯曲应力Bending stress 1.8.1焊接Welding扭转应力Torsional stress(1)焊接种类Varieties of welding轴向应力Axial stress电弧焊Arc welding剪切应力Shear stress电熔焊Electric fusion welding [EFW]拉应力Tension stress电阻焊Electric resistance welding [ERW]压应力Compression stress有保护的金属电弧焊一次应力Primary stress Shielded metal arc welding [SMAW]二次应力Secondary stress手工或自动惰性气体保护热胀应力范围Thermal expansion stress range Manual and automatic inert gas tungsten 许用应力范围Allowable stress range钨极电弧焊(带不可熔焊条)位移应力Displacement stress Arc welding with unmeltable electrode [GTAW]柔性应力Flexibility stress自动埋弧焊Automatic submerged arc welding内压应力Internal pressure stress金属极惰性气体保护焊外压应力External pressure stress Gas metal arc welding [GMAW]纵向应力Longitudinal stress氩弧焊Argon-Arc welding应力范围减小系数Stress-Range reduction factor气体保护电弧焊Gas-shielded arc welding弹性模量Modulus of elasticity气焊Gas welding ; flame welding惯性矩Moment of inertia等离子焊Plasma welding断面系数Section modulus硬钎焊Braze welding柔性系数Flexibillity factor电渣焊Electroslag welding波桑比Poisson’s ratio焊条Welding rod (electrode)柔度特性Flexibility characteristic焊丝Welding wire焊药(剂)Flux错位Mismatch(1)焊接形式Type of welding弧坑Pit角焊Fillet welding焊穿Burn through间断焊Intermittent welding夹渣Slag inclusion点焊Spot welding咬边,咬肉Undercut对焊Butt welding焊瘤Overlap搭焊Lap welding气孔Porosity塞焊Plug welding严重飞溅Excessive spatter珠焊Bead welding未溶合Incomplete fusion槽焊Slot welding根部未焊透Inxomplete penetration焊接接头Welding joint(1)焊接检验(2)焊接位置无损检验Non-Destructive testing仰焊Overhead welding肉眼检验,外观检验Visual testing现场焊Field welding [F.W]着色渗透试验Dye penetrant inspection封底焊Back run液体渗透试验Liquid penetrant test立焊Vertical welding X射线照相X-ray tadiography平焊Flat weldingγ射线照相Gamma radiography工厂(车间)焊接Shop weld超声波探伤Ultrasonic test定位焊Tack weld磁粉探伤Magnetic particle test(3)坡口Groove荧光渗透试验Fluorescent penetrant inspectionV型坡口V groove ; Bevel end 水压试验Hydraulic testing单面U型坡口Single U groove气压试验Pneumatoc testingK型坡口Double bevel groove 1.8.2热处理Heat treatmentX型坡口Double V groove(1)普通热处理Couventional heat treatment 双面U形坡口Double U groove退火AnnealingU-V组合坡口Combination Uand V groove局部退火Spot annealing(4)焊接缺陷Defects welding中间退火Process annealing焊接裂缝Weld crack 球化退火Spheroidize annealing根部裂缝Root crack等温退火Isothermal annealing极软退火Dead-soft annealing镀锌铁丝网Galvanized wire mesh回火Tempering石棉板Asbestos boart正火Nomalizing石棉布Asbestos cloth淬火Quenching石棉织品Asbestos fabric水淬火Water quenching管壳Shell油淬火Oil quenching棉毡Blanket等温淬火Isothermal quenching硅酸钙Calcium silicate断续淬火Slack quenching硅酸铝纤维Aluminosilicace fiber高温淬火Hot quenching珍珠岩Perlite水冷淬火Cold quenching泡沫混凝土Foamed concrete; cellular时效处理Ageing treatment蛭石Vermiculite可淬性Hardenability矿(渣)棉Mineral wool过热敏感性Superheated suscep保温块Insulation block回火脆性Temper brittleness硅藻土Kieselguhr; Diatomite(2)表面热处理Surface heat treatment泡沫聚苯乙烯Cellular polystyrene火焰表面淬火Flame surface quenching玛脂保护层Mastic weatherproof coating 高频淬火Induction hardening水泥抹面Finishing cement渗碳Carbonization金属保护层Clad; Metal jacketing渗氮Nitrogen case-hardening玻璃布Glass (fiber) cloth渗铬Chromizing镀锌铁皮Gavanized (sheet) iron渗铝Aluminizing铝板Aluminium sheet1.9隔热隔音及涂漆线规wire gage玻璃棉Glass wool 伯明翰线规Birmingham wire gage [BWG]岩棉Rock wool 美国线规American wire gage [AWG]聚氨脂;聚氨基甲酸脂Polyurethane隔热层Insulation泡沫玻璃Foam glass ;Cellular glass保温Hot insulation沥青Asphalt 保冷Cold insulation油毛毡Asphalt felt人体保护Personal protection镀锌铁丝Galvanized wire隔音Sound insulation吸声Sound-absorbing环头螺栓Eye bolt分贝Decibel沉头螺栓Countersunk (head)screw导热系数Thermal conductivity factor地脚螺栓Anchor bolt ;Foundation bolt 支承环Sopport ring松紧螺旋扣,花兰螺丝Turnnuckle环箍Circumferential band U型螺栓U-bolt钢环Steel ring T型螺栓T-bolt涂漆Painting圆头螺钉Round head bolt底漆Primary coat; Bottom coat 机螺栓Machine bolt面漆Finishing coat顶开螺栓,顶起螺栓Jack screw瓷漆Enamel 自攻螺钉Self tapping screw防锈漆Antirust paint膨胀螺栓Expansion bolt醇酸瓷漆Alkyd enamel 粗制的Coarse酚醛漆Phenolic paint精制的Finished, Fine沥青漆Bituminous paint螺母Nut聚氨酯漆Polyurethane paint六角螺母Hexagonal nut有机硅漆Organic silicon paint方螺母Square nut漆酚树脂漆Urushiol resin paint蝶形螺母Wing nut环氧树脂漆Epoxy resin paint扁螺母Flat nut过氯乙烯漆Ethylene perchloride paint锁紧螺母Lock nut无机富锌漆Inorganic zinc-rich paint垫圈Washer颜色Colour(color)弹簧垫圈Spring Washer淡(浅)色的Light方垫圈Square washer深色的Dark 斜垫圈Slant washer1. 10管道用紧固件及螺纹销轴Pinned shaft1.10.1紧固件销Pin螺栓Bolt开口销Cotter pin六角头螺栓Hexagonal head bolt定位销Dowel pin方头螺栓Square head bolt带孔销Pin with hole双头螺栓Stud bolt圆锥销Taper pin铆钉River先期确认图纸资料Advanced certified final [ACF]键Key最终确认图纸资料Certified final [CF]1.10.2螺纹数据表Data sheet左螺纹Left hand thread 设计文件Design document右螺纹Right hand thread设计注释Design note管螺纹Pipe thread 设计规定(规格)Design specification [SPEC]锥管螺纹Taper pipe thread 设计规定汇总表Design specificationsummary sheet [DSSS]直管螺纹Straight pipe thread 详细设计版Detail design issue [DDI]梯形螺纹Trapezoid thread 用户变更通知Client change notice [CCN]螺距Pitch of thread 命名表,管道表Nomenclature粗牙螺纹Coarse thread 概略版设备布置图Conceptual plot plan细牙螺纹Fine thread 投标版设备布置图Proposal plot plan特细牙螺纹Extra fine thread 合同版设备布置图Award plot plan通长螺纹Full thread 送审版设备布置图Approval plot plan惠氏螺纹Whitworth thread规划研究版设备布置图Planning plot plan公制螺纹Metric thread 成品版设备布置图Production plot plan美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread 施工版设备布置图Construction plot plan。
压力容器的基本知识
一般由材料所引起的风险:
①材料本身与容器介质不匹配 ②材料本身存在缺陷,如砂眼 ③材料用错 ④材料在使用中发生脆化现象 ⑤材料在使用中发生腐蚀
压力容器用钢基本知识
压力容器大都采用金属材料: 即碳钢或合金钢
1.钢材的分类 钢材可按其化学成分、质量:
碳素钢 按化学成分类
合金钢
低碳钢(含碳量<0.25%) 中碳钢 (含碳量0.25~0.6%) 高碳钢 (含碳量>0.6%)
(4)储存压力容器(代号C,其中球罐代号B): 主要是用于储存、盛装气体、液体、液化气等 介质的压力容器,如各种形式的储罐。
按容器设计温度分:
低温容器t≤-20℃ 常温容器-20℃<t<150℃ 中温容器150℃≤t<450℃ 高温容器t≥450℃
二﹑压力容器常用材料
压力容器无论是设计,还是制造﹑安装﹑改 造﹑修理等各阶段,如果选用或使用材料 不合理,都将给压力容器的使用带来严重 的后果。
要求最为严格
按《压力容器安全技术监察规程》划分 如下:
下列情况之一,为第三类压力容器
①高压容器
②中压容器(仅限毒性程度为极度和高度危害介质)
③中压储存容器(仅限易燃或毒性程度为中度危害 介质,且PV乘积大于等于10MPa ˙m3)
④中压反应容器(仅限易燃或毒性程度为中度危害 介质,且PV乘积大于等于0.5MPa ˙m3)
球形容器应力分布情况最佳,其应力是圆筒形壳 体的1/2,如果容器的直径、材料和工作压力相同, 则球形容器所需壁厚仅为圆筒形容器的一半。在 同样容积下,球表面积比圆筒形壳体小10%~ 30%,所以特别适用于大型液化气、液氨或石油 化工介质等的贮罐。球形容器直径一般都较大, 所以大多数是由许多块按一定尺寸预先压制成形 的球瓣到现场组焊而成。
压力容器基础知识..
压力容器结构——零部件
2. 封头
( 1 )球形封头 —— 壁厚最薄,用材比较节省。 但封头深度大、制造比较困难。 ( 2 )椭圆形封头 —— 椭圆形封头纵剖面的曲 线部分是半个椭圆形,直边段高度为 h , 因此椭圆形封头是由半个椭球和一个高度 为 h 的圆筒形筒节构成。椭圆壳体周边的 周向应力为压应力,应保证不失稳。 ( 3 )碟形封头 —— 碟形封头是由三部分组成。 第一部分是以半径为 Ri 的球面部分,第二 部分是以半径为 Di/2 的圆筒形部分,第三 部分是连接这两部分的过渡区,其曲率半 径为 r,Ri 与 r 均以内表面为基准。不连续过 渡导致边缘应力。
(1)按其被连接的部件分为压力容器法兰和管法兰。 (2)按法兰接触面的宽窄可分为窄面法兰和宽面法兰。 (3)按整体性程度分为整体法兰、松式法兰和任意式法兰。
5. 人孔与手孔
压力容器结构——开孔与补强
1 为何要进行开孔补强
通常所用的压力容器,由于各种工艺和结构的要求,需要在容器上开孔和安装接 管,由于开孔去掉了部分承压金属,不但会削弱容器的器壁的强度,而且还会因 结构连续性受到破坏在开孔附近造成较高的局部应力集中。这个局部应力峰值很 高,达到基本薄膜应力的 3 倍,甚至5-6倍。再加上开孔接管处有时还会受到各种 外载荷、温度等影响,并且由于材质不同,制造上的一些缺陷、检验上的不便等 原因的综合作用,很多失效就会在开孔边缘处发生。主要表现不疲劳破坏和脆性 裂纹,所以必须进行开孔补强设计。 2 压力容器为何有时可允许不另行补强 压力容器允许可不另行补强是鉴于以下因素: 容器在设计制造中,由于用户要求,材料代用等原因,壳体厚度往往超过实际 强度的需要。厚度的增加使最大应力有所降低,实际上容器已被整体补强了。例 如:在选材时受钢板规格的限制,使壁厚有所增加;或在计算时因焊接系数壁厚 增加,而实际开孔不在焊缝上;还有在设计时采用封头与筒体等厚或大一点,实 际上封头已被补强了。在多数情况下,接管的壁厚多与实际需要,多余的.失效准则:容器从承载到载荷的不断加大最后破坏经历弹性变形、塑性变形、爆
压力容器名词解释
实用标准文案精彩文档1.1 压力容器(《特种设备安全监察条例》):是指盛装气体或者液体,承载一定压力的密闭设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa(表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于2.5MPa ·L 的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体的固定式容器和移动式容器;盛装公称工作压力大于或者等于o.2MPa(表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1.0MPa ·L 的气体、液化气体和标准沸点等于或者低于60℃液体的气瓶;氧舱等。
压力容器的含义中包括其附属的安全附件、安全保护装置和与安全保护装置相关的设施。
1.2 压力管道(《特种设备安全监察条例》):是指利用一定的压力,用于输送气体或者液体的管状设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于o .1MPa(表压)的气体、液化气体、蒸汽介质或者可燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体介质,且公称直径大25mm 的管道。
压力管道的含义中包括其附属的安全附件、安全保护装置和与安全保护装置相关的设施。
1.3 特别重大事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》):是指造成死亡30人(含30人)以上,或者受伤(包括急性中毒,下同)100人(含100人)以上,或者直接经济损失1000万元(含1000万元)以上的设备事故。
1.4 特大事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》):是指造成死亡10~29人,或者受伤50~99人,或者直接经济损失500万元(含500万元)以上1000万元以下的设备事故。
1.5 重大事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》):是指造成死亡3~9人,或者受伤20~49人,或者直接经济损失100万元(含100万元)以上500万元以下的设备事故。
1.6 严重事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》):是指造成死亡1~2人,或者受伤19人(含19人)以下,或者直接经济损失50万元(古50万元)以上100万元以下,以及无人员伤亡的设备爆炸事故。
1--压力容器基础知识
2.4压力容器的分类
现将上述分类中所提及的废热锅炉名词解释如下: 废热锅炉——一种利用化学反应热、烟气余热等 废热来生产蒸汽的设备。按照热源不同,前者主 要是利用化学反应热,后者则利用烟气余热。上 述分类中的废热锅炉为管壳式,管壳式废热锅炉 按《压力容器安全技术监察规程》的规定进行管 理,而烟道式的则按照《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察 规程》的规定进行管理。
度是有梯度的,定义:沿金属截面的平均温度为金属的
温度 宏观上,温度是物体冷热程度的量度,微观上,温度是 物体分子的不规则热运动激烈程度的反映。温度愈高, 物体分子的不规则热运动愈激烈。 反之则下降,当温度 达到绝对零度时,分子热运动则完全停止。
温度的量度实质上是温差的量度。 目前国际上用得较多的温标有华氏温标、摄氏温标( ℃ )、 热力学温标。
法兰,球罐的球壳板,换热器的管板和换热管,M36以上(含M36)的
设备主螺柱以及公称直径大于或者等于250mm的接管和管法兰。
适用范围 设计温度高 于-20℃的钢 制焊接单层 压力容器、 多层包扎压 力容器、热 套及锻焊容 器。 设计温度≤ -20 ℃的容 器,还应符 合附录C 的 规定。
容器主要受压部分焊接接头分类
理念上对压力容器进行分类监管,突出本质安全思想。根
据压力容器所盛装介质危害性、设计压力、容积以及设计 压力与容积的乘积(PV值)进行划分。 2) 根据压力容器盛装介质的危害性进行介质分组、按设 计压力、容积(或者PV值)进行类别划分;
3)以坐标图表的方式确定。
4)压力容器划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 三类。
最小厚度:标准规定的:GB150 3.5.6 低碳钢低合金钢:3mm高合金钢2mm)
2.3压力容器的参数
2.3.7气瓶的技术参数 (1)公称工作压力
压力容器的基础知识
压力容器的基础知识一、压力容器:工农业生产及人民生活中广泛使用的承载一定压力载荷的密封容器。
承压容器很多,但易造成事故且危害性较大的只是一部分。
《条例》规定:压力容器,是指盛装气体或者液体,承载一定压力载荷的密闭设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa(表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于2.5MPa/L的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体的固定式容器和移动式容器;盛装公称工作压力大于或者等于0.2MPa(表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1.0MPa/L的气体、液化气体标准沸点等于或者低于60℃液体的气瓶、氧舱等。
《容规》规定:具有下列条件才能划入压力容器1.最高工作压力(PW)≥0.1Mpa(不含液体压力下同);2.内直径(非圆形截面指其最大尺寸)大于或等于0.15m,且容积(V)大于或等于0.025m3;3.盛装介质为气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或等于标准沸点的液体。
二、压力容器的特点1.由于压力容器的压力源具有动态性质,所以潜伏着超过额定压力而引起爆炸的可能性,有三种情况:(a)压缩机和蒸汽锅炉的超压引起爆炸;(b)伴有化学反应的压力容器反应中超压(c)一般压力容器受环境温度影响升温升压引起爆炸。
2.压力容器中介质复杂:一旦爆炸,社会影响面大,甚至严重的影响社会的安定。
3.压力容器运行状况是相对静止的,但内部储存有巨大能量,事故具有隐蔽性和突发性.三、压力容器的压力来源。
压力容器的压力来源可以来自两个方面,一是气体的压力在容器外产生(增大)的,另一种是气体的压力是在容器内产生(增大)的。
(1)气体的压力在容器外产生(增大)的压力源一般来自二个设备:a.压力产生于气体的压缩机。
工作介质为压缩气体的容器,压力由压缩机对气体的压缩而产生的,例如贮气罐、油分离器等,这些容器承受的压力取决于压缩机出口的压力。
b.压力产生于蒸汽锅炉。
工作介质为蒸汽的压力容器,如蒸汽加热器、蒸发器、夹套容器加热的夹套等,它们的压力来源于蒸汽锅炉,压力的大小取决于锅炉的出汽压力.有时候压力容器所需要的蒸汽压力小于锅炉的出汽压力,则在容器的进口管上装设减压阀,调整减压阀即可以得到容器所需要的蒸汽压力.(2)在容器内产生(增加)的气体压力,在压力容器内气体压力一般是二个原因形成的。
压力容器专业英语词汇
压力容器专业英语词汇压力容器专业部分英语词汇压力容器常用术语缩写1.检验检测术语(1)MET——力学性能试验(2)CT——化学成分分析(3)NDT——无损检测(4)DT——尺寸检查(5)VT——外观检查(6)RT——射线检测(7)UT——超声检测(8)MT——磁粉检测(9)PT——渗透检测(10)HB——布氏硬度(11)HV——维氏硬度(12)HR——洛氏硬度(13)HL——里氏硬度2.热处理术语(1)NT——正火+回火热处理(2)ISR——中间消除应力热处理(3)PWHT——焊后热处理(4)MAX.PWHT——可能达到的最大程度焊后热处理(5)MIN.PWHT——可能达到的最小程度焊后热处理(6)DHT——消氢处理(7)S.C——分步冷却脆化热处理ASME常用词汇Abrasion, allowance for 磨损,裕量Accessibility,pressure vessels 压力容器可达性Access openings 通道孔Allowance for corrosion, erosion, or abrasion 腐蚀裕量侵蚀或/磨损裕量Applied linings, tightness 应用衬里密封性Approval of new materials 新材料的批准Articles in Section V 第V卷中的各章Article 1, T-150 第1章T150Article 2 第2章Attachments 附件lugs and fitting 支耳和配件lugs for platforms, ladders, etc. 平台,梯子等的支耳nonpressure parts 非受压件nozzles 接管pipe and nozzle necks to vessel walls 在器壁上的管子和接管颈stiffening rings to shell 壳体上的刚性环Backing strip垫板Bending stress, welded joints弯曲应力,焊接接头Bend test弯曲试验Blind flanges盲板法兰Bolted flange connections螺栓法兰连接bolt lands 螺栓载荷bolt stress 螺栓应力design of 关于设计flange moments 法兰力矩flange stresses 法兰应力materials 材料studs 双头螺栓tightness of 紧密性types of attachment 附件类型Bolts 螺栓Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面Brazed connections for nozzles 接管的钎焊连接Brazed joints, efficiency of 钎焊接头,焊缝系数maximum service temperature 最高使用温度strength of 强度Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊,钎焊的表面清理fabrication by用……制造filler metal 填充金属fluxes 钎焊剂heads into shells 封头接入壳体operating temperature 操作温度Buttstraps, curvature 对接盖板,曲率forming ends of 成型端thickness and corrosion allowance 厚度和腐蚀裕量welding ends of 焊接端Carbon in material for welding 焊接用材料中的碳Cast ductile iron vessels, design 可锻铸铁容器,设计pressure-temperature limitations 压力-温度界限service restrictions 使用限制Castings 铸件carbon steel 碳钢defects 缺陷impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查quality factor 质量系数specifications 标准Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件,小件Cast iron pipe fittings 铸铁管件Cast iron vessels 铸铁容器corners and fillets 圆角和倒角head design 封头设计hydrostatic test 水压试验nozzles and fittings 接管和配件pressure-temperatures limitations 压力-温度界限Certificate of Authorization for Code Symbol Stamp 规范符号标志的认可证书Certification of material 材料证明书Certificationof Nondestructive Personnel 无损检验人员证明书Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检验Liquid Penetrant Examination液体渗透检验Radiographic Examination 射线超声检验Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Chip marks on integrally forged vessels 整体锻造容器上的缺口标志Circumferential joints alignment tolerance环向连接,组对公差assembling装配brazing钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Clad material, inserted strips 覆层材料,嵌条examination 检查Clad plate 复合板Cleaning ,of brazed surfaces 钎焊表面清理of welded surfaces 焊接表面Clearance between surfaces to be brazed 钎焊表面间的间隙Combination, of different materials 不同材料组合of methods of fabrication制造方法Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力Conical heads 锥形封头Conical sections 圆锥截面Connections ,bolted flange (see Bolted flange connections)连接,螺栓法兰(见螺栓法兰连接)brazed 钎焊clamp 卡箍expanded 胀接from vessels to safety valves 由容器至安全阀studded 双头螺栓threaded 螺纹welded 焊接Cooling, after postweld heat treating冷却,焊后热处理Corrosion allowance腐蚀裕度Corrosion resistant linings防腐蚀衬里Corrugated shells波纹形壳体Corrugating Paper Machinery 波纹板机械Cover plates 盖板on manholes and handholes 在人孔和手孔上的spherically dished 球形封头Cracking, stress corrosion 应力腐蚀裂缝Cutting plates 板材切割Cylindrical shells, supplementary loading 柱状壳体,附加载荷thickness 厚度transition in 过渡段Data report, guide for preparation 准备数据报告的指南Defects in welded vessels, repair 修理焊接容器中的缺陷Definitions定义Design, brazed vessels 设计钎焊容器carbon and low alloy steel vessels 碳钢及低合金钢容器cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器ferritic steel vessels with properuts enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器loadings 载荷multichamber vessels 多受压室容器nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器welded vessels 焊接容器design pressure 设计压力Diameter exemption 直径的豁免Dimensions, checking of 尺寸,校核Discharge of safety valves 安全阀泄放Dished heads (see formed heads) 碟形封头(见成形封头)Disks, rupture 防爆膜Dissimilar weld metal 不同金属的焊接Distortion, of welded vessels 大变形、焊接容器supports to prevent 用支撑防止Drainage, discharge from safety and relief valves 排放,由安全阀和泄压阀泄放Drop weight tests 落锤试验Eccentricity of shells 壳体的偏心度Edges of plates, metal removal from 由加工板边去除金属tapered 锥度Efficiency, around openings for welded attachments 焊缝系数,环绕焊接附件孔口Elasticity, modulus of 弹性模量Electric resistance welding 电阻焊Ellipsoidal heads 椭圆封头Erosion, allowance for 侵蚀裕量Etching, of sectioned speciments 侵蚀,关于截面试样solutions for examination for materials 检验材料的溶液Evaporators 蒸发器Examination, of sectioned speciments 剖面试样的检验of welded joints 焊接接头的检验Exemptions diameter and volume 直径和容积的豁免Expanded connections 胀接连接External pressure, tube and pipe 外压管External pressure vessels 外压容器allowable working pressure for 许用工作压力charts 算图design of heads for 封头设计joints in shells of 壳体上的接头reinforcement for openings 开孔补强stiffening rings in shells 壳体上的刚性环supports for 支承thickness of shell 壳体厚度reducers 变径段Fabrication, brazed vessels 制造,钎焊容器Ferritic steelsvessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment, design经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器,设计fabrication 制造head design 封头设计heat treatment热处理heat treatment verification tests 热处理验证试验marking 标志materials 材料stamping 标记welded joints 焊接接头Field assembly of vessels 容器的现场安装Filler plugs for trepanned holes 锥孔的管塞Fillet welds 角焊Fired process tubular heaters 直接火管式加热炉Fitting attachments 附件装配Flange connections 法兰连接Flange contact facings 法兰接触面Flanges 法兰bolted design 螺柱法兰设计of formed heads for welding 用于焊接成型封头type of attachment 附件的类型Flat heads and covers, unstayed 无支撑平封头和盖板reinforcement of openings 开孔补强Flat spots on formed heads 成型封头上的平坦部分Flued openings 翻边开孔Forged parts, small 锻造部件,小的Forged vessels 锻造容器heat treatment 热处理localized thin areas 局部薄壁区welding 焊接Forgings 锻件identification of 识别Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Form manufacturer’s data report 制造厂数据报告格式partial report 零部件数据报告Formed heads 成型封头flued openings in 封头上翻边开孔insertion of, welded vessels 插入,焊接容器joint efficiency 接头系数knuckle radius 转角半径length of skirt 直边长度on welded vessels 在焊接容器上reinforcement for openings 开孔补强Forming 成型ends of shell plates and buttstraps 壳体板和对接搭板端forged heads 锻造封头shell sections and heads 筒节和封头Furnaces 炉子temperatures for postweld head treatment 焊后热处理温度Furnaces for heat treating 热处理炉temperature control of 炉温控制Galvanized vessels 镀锌容器Gasket materials 垫片材料Girth joints (see circumferential joints) 环缝接头(见环向接头) Handhole and manhole openings 手孔和人孔开孔Head flange (skirt) length 封头翻边(直边)长度Head joints 封头接头brazing 钎焊welded 焊接Head openings 封头开孔entirely in spherical portion 全部在球体部分Head joints 封头接头concave and convex 凹面和凸面flat (see flat heads) 平板(见平封头)forged 锻造的formed (see Formed heads) 成型的(见成形封头)forming 面型thickness, after forming 厚度,成型之后Heads, design, conical 封头,设计,锥形ellipsoidal 椭圆形hemispherical 半球形spherically dished 球状碟形toriconical 带折边的锥形torispherical 带折边的球形torispherical, knuckle radius 带折边的球形,转角半径Heads and shells 封头和壳体external pressure, out-of-roundness 外压,不圆度openings through or near welded joints 通过或靠近焊缝处的开孔roundness tolerance 不圆度公差Heat exchangers 热交换器Heat treatment 热处理by fabricator 由制造厂进行carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器forged vessels 锻造容器furnaces 炉子high-alloy vessels 高合金容器of test specimens 试样的热处理verification tests of 热处理验证试验Hemispherical heads 半球形封头High pressure vessels 高压封头Holes 小孔for screw stays 用于螺丝固定for trepanning plug sections, refilling 用于穿孔螺塞部分,再填充telltale 指示孔unreinforced, in welded joints 不补强,在焊缝上Hubs, on flanges 高颈,在法兰上Hydrostatic proof tests 水压验证试验destructive 破坏性prior pressure application 在升压之前Hydrostatic test 水压试验cast iron vessels 铸铁容器combined with pneumatic 与气压试验混合的enameled vessels 搪玻璃容器external pressure vessels 外压容器galvanized vessels 镀锌容器standard 标准welded vessels 焊接容器Identification 识别of forging 锻件of plates 平板of welds 焊接Identification markers, radiographs 识别标志,射线照相Impact test 冲击试验certification 证明properties 性能specimens 试样temperature 温度Inspection 检查before assembling 组装之前carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器during fabrication 在制造期间ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器fitting up 组对forged vessels 锻造容器heat treatment, forgings 热处理,锻件high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器magnetic particle 磁粉material 材料nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器plate 板材postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理pressure vessels, accessibility 压力容器,可达性quality control 质量管理sectioning of welded joints 焊接接头的剖面检验spot examination 抽样检查steel castings 铸钢件surfaces exposed and component parts 暴露的表面和元件部分test specimens 试样vessels 容器vessels exempted from 免检容器welded vessels 焊接容器Inspection openings 检查孔Inspectors 检查师access to plant 在厂内应有的便利control of stamping 打印管理duties 职责facilities 装备qualification 资格reports 报告Installation 安装pressure-relieving devices 泄压装置pressure vessel 压力容器Integral cast iron dished heads 整体铸铁碟形封头integrally finned tubes 整体翅片管Internal structures 内部构件Jacketed vessels 夹套容器Joints 接头brazed 钎焊circumferential (see Circumferential joints) efficiency, brazed 环缝(见环向接头)系数,钎焊welded 焊接electric resistance, butt welding 电阻,对接焊in cladding and applied linings 在覆层及衬里in vessels subjected to external pressure 在承受外压的容器lap (see Lap joints) 搭接(见搭接接头) longitudinal (see Longitudinal joints) 纵向(见纵向接头)tube-to-tubesheet 管子对管板Jurisdictional Review 权限审查Knuckles 过渡圆角radius 半径transition section 变径段Lap joints 搭接接头amount of overlap 搭接量brazed 钎焊longitudinal under external pressure 在外压作用下纵向的welded 焊接Laws Covering Pressure Vessels 涉及压力容器的法规Lethal gases or liquids 致命的气体或液体Ligaments, efficiency of 孔带,系数Limitation on welded vessels 焊接容器的限制Limit of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度的限制Linings 衬里corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验Loadings 载荷Local postweld heat treatment 局部焊后热处理Longitudinal joints 纵向接头alignment tolerance 对准公差brazing 钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Low-temperature operation 低温操作Low-temperature vessels brazed 低温容器,钎焊for gases and liquids 用于气体和液体impact test requirements 冲击试验要求impact test, when not required 冲击试验,当不要求时marking 标志materials 材料testing of materials 材料试验Lugs for ladders, platforms, and other 梯子,平台及其它附件的支耳Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉检查Manholes, and handholes 人孔,手孔cover plate for 盖板minimum vessel diameter requiring 所需最小容器直径Manufacture, responsibility of 制造者,职责Manufacturer’s Data Report (see Data Report) 制造厂数据报告(见数据报告) M anufacturer’s stamps 制造厂的印记Marking castings 标志,铸件materials 材料plates 板材standard pressure parts 标志受压件valves and fittings 阀门和配件with Code symbol 带有规范符号Markings, transfer after cutting plates 标志,板材切割以后的转移Materials, approval of new 材料,新材料的批准approval of repairs 修补的批准brazed vessels 钎焊容器carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁castings 铸铁cast iron vessels 铸铁容器certification 合格证clad vessels 覆层容器combination of 组合材料ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器for nonpressure parts 非受压元件heat treatment of 热处理high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器inspection of 检查nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器pipe and tube 管子plate 板rods and bars 杆和棒specification for 标准standard pressure, parts 标准受压元件unidentified 未鉴别的use of over thickness listed in SectionⅡ采用超过列于第Ⅱ卷表中的厚度welded vessels 焊接容器Measurement, 测量dimensional 尺寸of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度Metal temperature determination 金属温度,确定control of 控制Mill undertolerance 钢厂负公差控制Minimum thickness of plate 板材的最小厚度控制Miscellaneous pressure parts 其它受压件控制Multichamber vessels design 多承压室容器,设计Multiple duplicate vessels 多个相同的容器Multiple safety valves 多个安全阀Nameplates 铭牌New materials 新材料Noncircular vessels 非圆形容器ligament efficiency 孔带系数nomenclature 术语obround design 长圆形设计rectangular design 矩形设计reinforcement 补强examples 实例Nonpressure parts, attachment of 非受压元件的连接Notch ductility test 缺口韧性试验Nozzle openings, reinforced 接管开孔,补强的unreinforced 非补强的vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压得容器Nozzles attachment of to shell 接管,与壳体的连接minimum thickness of neck 缩颈的最小厚度(see also Connections)(也可见连接件)Nuts and washers 螺母和垫圈Offset of edges of plates at joints 在接头处板边的偏差Openings adjacent to welds 开孔,邻近焊缝closure of 封闭for connections to brazed vessels 用于对钎焊容器的连接for drainage 用于排放head (see Openings head and shell) 封头(见开孔,封头和壳体)in flat heads 在平板封头上inspection 检查manhole (see Manholes) 人孔(见人孔) nozzle (see Nozzle opening) 接管(见接管开孔)shell (see Openings, head and shell) 壳体(见开孔,封头和壳体) through welded joints 通过焊接接头Openings, head and shell, computation of 开孔,封头和壳体,计算not requiring additional reinforcement 不需要附加补强reinforced, size 补强,尺寸reinforcement for adjacent openings 邻近开孔的补强reinforcement of 补强requiring additional reinforcement 需要附加补强shapes permissible 许用形式unreinforced, size 不补强的,尺寸Outlets, discharge, pressure relieving devices 排放口,出料,泄压装置Out-of-roundness 不圆度Overpressure limit for vessels 容器的超压极限Partial data report, manufacturer’s 零部件数据报告,制造厂的Parts, miscellaneous 部件,各种各样的Peening 捶击Pipe connections openings for 管子的连接,用于开孔Pipe fittings vessels built of 管子配件,制造的容器Pipe and tubes 各类管子Pipe used for shells 用作壳体的管子piping external to vessel 容器外的管子Plate, curvature 板,曲率measurement, dimensional check 测量,尺寸校核Plate edges cutting 板边,切割exposed left unwelded 留下不予焊接的显露部分inspection of 检查Plates 平板alignment 找准cover 盖板cutting 切割forming 成型heat treatment 热处理identification 标志impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查laying out 划线less than 6 mm thickness 厚度小6mm markings transfer after cutting 标志,在切割以后的转移minimum thickness 最小厚度repair of defects 缺陷修理specifications 标准structural carbon steel 结构碳钢Plug welds 塞焊Pneumatic test 气压试验pressure 压力yielding 屈服Porosity welded joints 气孔,焊接接头Porosity charts 气孔图Postheat treatment 后热处理connections for nozzles and attachments 用于接管和附件的连接cooling after 随后的冷却furnace temperature 炉温inspection 检查local 局部requirements 要求temperature range 温度范围welded vessels 焊接容器Preheating 预热Preparation of plates for welding 焊接板材的准备pressure, design 压力,设计limits 极限(see also Working pressure, allowable) (也可见工作压力,许用) Pressure parts miscellaneous 受压件,其它的Pressure relieving devices 泄压装置discharge 排放installation and operation 安装和运转rupture disks 防爆模setting 整定Pressure vessels 压力容器exempted from inspection 免检Produce form of Specification 产品技术条件Proof test hydrostatic (see Hydrostatic proof test) 验证试验,水压(见水压试验) Qualification 评定of brazers 钎焊工of welders 焊工of welding procedure 焊接工艺Quality Control System 质量保证体系Quenching and tempering 淬火及回火Quick-actuating closures 快开盖Radiograph factor 射线照相系数Radiographing 射线照相examination by 检查partial 部分quality factors 质量系数requirements 要求spot examination 抽样检查retests 重新试验thickness, mandatory minimum 规定最小厚度Radiographs, acceptance by inspector 射线照相,由检查员认为合格gamma rays, radium capsule γ射线,装镭的盒子interpretation by standard procedure 由标准程序的说明rounded indications 圆形显示Reaming holes for screw stays 为固定螺钉用的铰孔Reducer sections, rules for 变径段,规程Reinforcement 补强defined limits 规定的范围head and shell openings 封头及壳体开孔large openings 大开孔multiple openings 多个开孔nozzle openings 接管开孔of openings in shells, computation of 壳体上开孔,计算openings subject to rapid pressure fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔Fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔strength 强度Relief devices 泄放装置(see also Pressure relieving devices, Safety and relief Valves)(也可见泄压装置,安全阀和泄压阀)Relieving capacity of safety valves 安全阀排量Repairs, approval of defects in material 修理,材料中缺陷的认可defective Brazing 有缺陷的钎焊defects in forgings 锻件中的缺陷defects in welds 焊缝中的缺陷Responsibility of manufacturer 制造者的职责Retention of Records 记录的保存Radiographs 射线照相Manufacturer’s Data Reports 制造厂的数据报告Retests, frogings 复试,锻件impact specimens 冲击试样joints, welded 接头,焊接Rods, bars, and shapes 杆棒喝型材Rolled parts, small 轧制件,小件Rupture disks 爆破模Safety 安全性safety relief, and pressures relief valves, adjustable blow down, capacity certification 安全泄放和泄压阀,可调节的泄放,排放量证明capacity, conversion 排量,换算connection to vessels 连接至容器construction 结构discharge pipe 排放管indirect operation 间接操作installation 安装installation on vessels in service 容器在役时的安装liquid relief 液体泄放marking 标志minimum requirements 最低要求pressure setting 压力整定spring loaded 受载弹簧springs, adjustment 弹簧,调节stop valves adjacent to 邻近的截止阀test 试验protective devices 防护装置for unfired steam boiler 对非直接火蒸气锅炉Scope 适用范围sectioning, closing holes left by 解剖,解剖孔的封闭etching plugs taken 解剖样的侵蚀examination by 检查Service restriction 使用限制Shapes, special 形状,特殊Shell plates, forming ends of 壳体用材料,封头成型Shells 壳体allowable working pressure 许用工作压力computation of openings in 开孔计算forming 成型made from pipe 由管子制造的stiffening rings 刚性环thickness 厚度Transition section 过渡段Sigma-phase formation σ相的形成Skirts length on heads 直边、封头上的长度support of vessels 裙座,容器支撑Slag inclusion welds 焊缝中的夹渣Special constructions 特殊结构Specification for materials 材料标准Spherical sections of vessels 容器的球形部分Spot examination of welded joints 焊接接头的抽样检查Springs for safety valves 安全阀的弹簧Stamping location of 打印位置multipressure vessels 多重压力容器omission of 省略safety valves 安全阀with Code symbol 带有规范标记Stamps, certificate of authorization 钢印,授权low stress 低压力not to be covered 不应覆盖to be visible on plates 在板上可见Static head, in setting safety valves, effect of on limiting stresses 静压头,在整定安全阀时,影响,对极限应力Stayed surfaces 支撑表面Staying formed heads 成型封头的支撑Stays and staybolts, adjacent to edges of staybolted surface 支撑件及拉撑螺栓,邻近用螺栓拉撑得表面周边处allowable stress 许用应力area supported 支撑面dimensions 尺寸ends 端部location 位置pitch 节距screw, holes for 螺孔upset for threading 为车制螺纹的镦粗welded 焊接的Steam generating vessels, unfired 蒸汽锅炉,非直接火Steel, carbon content 钢,含碳量Stenciling plates for identification 在板材上打印标志Stiffening rings, attachment to shell 刚性环,和壳体的装配for vessels under external pressure 用于外压容器Stiffness, support of large vessels for 刚性,大容器支座Stop valves 截止阀adjacent to safety and relief valves 邻近于安全和泄压阀Strength of brazed joints 钎焊接头的强度Stress corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀裂缝Stress values, attachment weld 应力值,连接焊缝basis for establishing 确定的基础carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体刚high-alloy steel高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属Stud bolt threads 双头螺栓螺纹Studded connections 双头螺纹连接Supplementary design formulas 补充设计公式Supports, design 支座,设计pressure vessels 压力容器temperature free movement under 在温度下活动不受约束types of steel permissible for 容许的钢材类型vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Surface Weld Metal Buildup 金属堆焊表面Tables, effective gasket width b 表,有效垫片宽度bgasket materials and contact facings 垫片材料和接触面maximum allowable efficiencies for arc and gas welded joints电弧焊和气焊接头的最大许用系数minimum number of pipe threads for connections 管螺纹连接的最少螺纹牙数molecular weights of gases and vapors 气体和蒸汽的分子量of stress values, carbon and low-alloy steel 应力值,碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢high-alloy steel 高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属welded carbon low-alloy pipe and tubes 焊接低合金碳钢管of values factor K系数K值factor M 系数Mfactor 系数postweld heat treatment requirements 焊后热处理要求recommended temperature ranges for heat treatment 推荐的热处理温度范围spherical radius factor K1 球半径系数K1 Telltale holes 指示孔in opening reinforcement 开孔补强T emperature, definitions 温度,定义design 设计determination 确定free movement of vessel on supports 支座上的容器活动不受约束heat treatment 热处理limitations, of brazed vessels 限制,钎焊容器of cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁of postweld heat treating 焊后热处理metal, control of 金属,控制operating or working, definitions 操作或工作,定义zones of different 不同区域Termination point of a vessel 容器的界限点T est coupons 试样Test gages requirements 试验仪表,要求Test plates heat treatment 试板,热处理impact test 冲击试验production 生产Tests, hydrostatic proof 试验,水压验证pneumatic (see pneumatic test) 气压,见气压试验vessels whose strength cannot be calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器Thermal buffers 热缓冲器Thermocouples attachment 热电偶,安装Thickness gages, details 厚度量规,细节Thick shells, cylindrical 厚壳体,圆柱形spherical 球形Thin plates marking 薄板,标志Threaded connection 螺纹连接Threaded inspection openings 螺纹检查孔Threads, stud bolts 螺纹,双头螺栓T olerances, forged shells and heads 公差,锻造容器及封头Toriconical heads 带折边的锥形封头T orispherical heads 带折边的球形封头Transfering marking on plates 板上标志的移植Transition in cylindrical shells 柱状壳体的过渡Trays and baffles, acting as partial shell stiffeners 塔盘及挡板,作为部分壳体加强圈Tubes and pipe 管子Tube-to-tubesheet joints 管子与管板的连接Ultrasonic examination of welds 焊缝的超声检验UM vessels UM 容器Unfired steam boiler 非直接火蒸汽锅炉Unidentified materials 未识别的材料Valves, connections 阀,连接safety and relief (see safety and relief valves) 安全和泄压装置Valves and fittings, marking 阀及其配件,标志Verification tests, heat treatment 验证试验,热处理Volume exemption 容器的免检Weld deposits, cleaning 焊接熔敷金属,清理peening 捶击Welded joints, category 焊接接头,类别description of types 类型的描述efficiency 焊缝系数impact test, across 冲击试验,横向postweld heat treating 焊后热处理radiographic examination, complete 射线照相检查,整个的rounded indications 圆形显示sectioning, etch test 解剖,侵蚀试验spot examination 抽样检查staggered, longitudinal 错开,轴向taper, plates of unequal thicknesses 锥度,不等厚板types around openings 类型,环绕开孔ultrasonic examination of 超声检验Welded reinforcement of nozzle openings 接管开孔的焊缝补强Welded vessels 焊接容器holes in joints of 接头处的孔inspection 检查limitations on 限制tests of 试验Welders and welding operators 焊工和自动焊工identifying stamps 识别标记records of, by manufacturers 由制造厂所作的记录test of qualification 评定试验Welding 焊接cleaning of welded surfaces 焊件表面清理details, limitations细节,限制forged vessels 锻造容器materials 材料materials having different coefficients of expansion 膨胀系数不同的材料of attachment around openings 开孔周围的连接plate, fitting up joints 平板,连接处的装配plate edges, matching 板边,匹配preparation of plates 钣材的制备procedure qualification 工艺评定processes 工艺test requirement 试验要求Weld metal, composition 焊缝金属,成分Welds acceptability, when radiographed 焊缝合格,用射线照相时when sectioned 解剖时fillet 填角identification of 识别plug 塞焊reinforcement, butt welds 补强,对接焊repairs of defects in 焊缝中缺陷的修补sharp angles, avoid at weld edges 尖角,避免在焊缝边上structural 结构tack 定位焊types, description 类型,描述ultrasonic examination of 超声检验Working pressure allowable, braced and stayed surfaces 许用工作压力,有拉撑和支撑表面by proof test 验证性试验definition of 定英汉锅炉及压力容器词汇AA-number A-No(焊缝金属成分分类号,A=Analysis)A-number analysis A-Number 化学成分A-scan A形扫描ability 能力abnormal situation 异常情况abrupt change in section 截面突变处abrupt transitions 转变的过渡部分absolute coil 绝对线圈absolute manometer 绝对压力计,绝对压强计absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute readout 绝对读数absolute system 绝对系统absolute value 绝对值absorbed energy value 吸收能值absorber 吸收塔absorption 吸附absorption characteristics 吸附特性absorption of hydrogen 吸收氢absorptivity 吸收率abutting pressure parts 相连承压件abutting sections 相连截面accelerated cooling 加速冷却acceptability 可接受性acceptable abbreviation 允许的缩写代号acceptable deviations 允许偏差acceptance criteria 合格指标,验收标准acceptance level 验收标准,合格标准acceptance limit 验收极限acceptance of material 材料的验收acceptance standard 验收标准acceptance test 验收试验access 可达性access door 检查门access for inspector 为检验师提供的方便access for welding 焊接可达性access opening 检查孔,出入孔accessibility of joint 接头可达性access opening 检查孔,出入孔accredit 授权,认可accumulation of time 时间的总和,累加时间accumulation of water 积水accumulation test 蓄汽试验,累积试验accumulation test pressure 蓄汽试验压力accuracy 精度acicular ferrite 针状铁素体acidic slag 酸性渣acidity 酸度acoustic holography 声全息照相acoustic impedance 声阻抗active carbon filter 活性炭过滤器active flux 活性焊剂active gas 活性气体actual design pressure 实际设计压力actual metal temperature 金属实际温度actual stress 真实应力actual stress distribution 实际应力分布actual thickness 实际厚度actual throat (角)焊缝实际厚度actual throat of a fillet weld 角焊缝实际厚度actual value 实际值Adamson furnace 阿登生式炉胆Adamson ring 阿登生圈Adamson type furnace 阿登生式炉胆Adaptor 承接接头adaptive control welding 适应控制焊接added mass 外加质量addenda 增补(在ASME规范中“addenda”一词的内涵甚广,包括“增”“删”“修补”“勘误”等,不仅限于“补遗”)additional bending stress 附加弯曲应力additional data 附加数据additional design principles 补充设计规则additional distortion 附加变形additional fabrication test 附加工艺试验additional inspection 附加检验additional reinforcement 附加补强additional requirements 附加要求additional strain 附加应变additional strength 附加强度additional stress 附加应力additional tension test 附加拉伸试验additional term 附加项additional testing 附加试验additional wall thickness 附加壁厚additional weld metal build-up 额外堆焊的焊缝金属adhering slag 挂渣adhesive content 粘合剂含量adjacent chamber 相邻室,相邻舱adjacent course 相邻筒节adjacent cylinder 相邻筒体adjacent cylindrical section 相邻筒节adjacent hole 邻孔adjacent layer 相邻层adjacent opening 相邻孔adjacent region 临区,相邻区域adjacent sliding surface 邻接的滑动表面,相邻滑动面adjacent surface 相邻面adjoining edge 连接边缘接口adjustable distance piece 可调定距块,可调定距管adjusted pressure ratings for flanges and fittings 法兰和附件的折算压力级别administration fee 管理费用administration supervision 行政监督,管理上的监督adsorbed(surface) moisture (表面)吸附的水分affinity 亲和力affinity for carbon 对碳的亲和力age-hardening crack 时效硬化裂纹ageing 时效ageing induced crack 时效裂纹ageing treatment 时效处理agglomerate flux 粘结焊剂aggregate area 截面积的总和,总截面积aggregate relieving capacity 总泄放量aggregate time 总时间aggregate value capacity 叠加的安全阀排放量air arc cutting 空气电弧切割air-cooled condition 空冷状态air dried hard wood 风干硬木air dried peat 风干泥煤air dried soft wood 风干软木air dried wood 风干木材air entrainment 卷吸空气air pockets 气泡,气袋air-tight coating 气密性覆层air-tight protective coating 气密性保护覆层air-underwater pressure test (管子)水下气压试验algebraic sum 代数和algorithm 算法aligning parts 对准部件alignment tolerance 对准公差alkali ion diode 碱离子二极管alligator crack pattern 鳄鱼皮状裂纹图象(热疲劳裂纹的表现)allowable bolt design stress 螺栓许用设计应力allowable external working pressure 许用工作外压allowable flange stress 法兰许用应力allowable flange stress intensity 法兰许用应力强度allowable maximum service stress 许用最大工作应力allowable staybolt pitch 拉撑螺栓许用节距,拉撑螺栓允许节距allowable stress value 许用应力(值)allowable working pressure 许用工作压力allowance for abrasion 腐蚀裕量allowance for corrosion 腐蚀裕量alloy clad steel plate 合金复合钢板alloy composition 合金成分alloy layer 合金层alloying element 合金元素。
压力容器的常用术语(课件)
压力容器的常用术语(课件)2.2压力容器基础知识(二)2.2.1压力容器的常用术语本节主要介绍GB150中的常用术语,包括:压力相关术语,温度相关术语,厚度相关术语,和低温容器的概念。
1.压力系列术语压力:垂直作用在容器单位表面上的力。
除非特别注明,一般采用表压力。
单位:MPa工作压力pw:在正常工作情况下,容器顶部可能达到的最高压力。
设计压力p:设定的容器顶部的最高压力,与相应的设计温度一起作为容器的基本设计载荷条件,其值不低于工作压力。
计算压力pc:指在相应设计温度下,用以确定元件厚度的压力,包括液柱静压力等附加载荷。
(当元件所承受的液柱静压力小于5%设计压力时,可忽略不计)试验压力pT:进行耐压试验或泄漏试验时,容器顶部的压力。
最大允许工作压力[pw]:在指定的相应温度下,容器顶部所允许承受的最大压力。
该压力是根据容器各受压元件的有效厚度,考虑了该元件承受的所有载荷而计算得到的,且取最小值。
安全阀的开启压力pz:安全阀阀瓣开始离开阀座,介质呈连续排出状态时,在安全阀进口测得的压力,也称整定压力。
爆破片的标定爆破压力pb:爆破片铭牌上标明的爆破压力。
动作压力:系指安全阀的开启压力或爆破片的爆破压力。
固定式压力容器压力关系示意图2.温度系列术语工作温度:容器在正常工作情况下,容器元件的金属温度。
在实际工程设计中,标注在图样上的工作温度一般指介质温度。
设计温度:指压力容器在正常工作情况下,设定的元件金属温度(沿元件金属截面的温度平均值),与设计压力一起作为设计载荷条件。
试验温度:进行耐压试验或泄漏试验时,容器壳体的金属温度。
最低设计金属温度:在压力容器设计中,预期该容器在运行过程中各种可能条件下的金属温度的最低值。
注1:“各种可能条件”不但包括正常工作情况,还应考虑可能出现的最低工作温度、工作中的不正常、自动制冷、大气环境温度以及其他制冷因素。
注2:是设计选材依据之一,材料的选用除应满足容器各设计工况条件下的使用要求外,还应确保在最低设计金属温度下对材料及其焊接接头的冲击功要求。
压力容器名词解释
压力容器名词解释压力容器是一种专门用于储存和运输气体、液体或散装物料的工业设备,具有较高的密封性和耐压能力。
它主要由容器主体、密封件、进口和出口装置、安全附件等组成。
首先,容器主体是压力容器的核心部分,一般由钢铁、合金钢、玻璃钢等材料制成。
容器主体有不同的形状和结构,常见的有球形、圆柱形和椭圆形等。
容器主体内部经常配有衬里或衬胶,以保护容器内壁不受腐蚀和损坏。
其次,密封件是保证容器具有良好密封性的重要部件。
常见的密封件有法兰盘、密封垫、O型圈等,通过与容器主体之间的连接,确保容器内部不会发生气体或液体泄漏。
进口和出口装置是与外部设备连接的部分,用于将物料装入或排出容器。
常见的进口和出口装置有管道接头、法兰接头、阀门等。
这些装置一般设有操作杆、手轮等方便操作的部件,以便于对进出物料进行控制。
安全附件是保证压力容器安全运行的重要组成部分。
其中最重要的是安全阀,用于在容器内部压力超过设定值时自动排放过压气体,以保护容器免受损坏。
此外,还有压力表、温度计、液位计等附件,用于监测容器的工作状态和参数。
压力容器广泛应用于石油化工、冶金、电力、医药、建筑等各个行业。
它的主要作用是储存和运输气体、液体或散装物料,如氧气、液化气体、液氨、酒精、稀硫酸、液体氧、氢气等。
这些物料往往具有较高的压力或易燃、易爆等特性,需要通过压力容器进行有效的储存和运输,以确保工业生产的顺利进行。
总之,压力容器是一种储存和运输气体、液体或散装物料的专用设备,具有较高的密封性和耐压能力。
它由容器主体、密封件、进口和出口装置、安全附件等组成,广泛应用于各个工业领域。
压力容器的重要性不言而喻,它不仅确保了物料的安全储存和运输,也是工业生产的重要保障之一。
压力容器名词解释
):系指设计厚度加 ):系指名义厚度减1- 1 压力容器(《特种设备安全监察条例〉〉 ):是指盛装气体或者液体,承载一定压力的密闭设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于 0.1MPa (表 压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于2.5MPa L 的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体的固定式容器和移动式容器; 盛装公称工作压力大于或者等于o.2MPa (表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1- 0MPa ・L 的气体、液化气体和标准沸点等于或者低于 60 °C 液体的气瓶;氧舱等。
压力容器的含义中包括其附属的安全附件、 安全保护装置和与安全保护装 置相关的设施。
1. 2 压力管道(《特种设备安全监察条例》):是指利用一定的压力,用于输送气体或者液体的管状设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于 o . 1MPa (表压)的气体、液化气体、蒸汽介质或者可燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀 性、最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体介质,且公称直径大 25mm的管道。
压力管道的含义中包括其附属的安全附件、 安全保护装置和与安全保护装置相关的设施。
1. 3 特别重大事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》 ):是指造成死亡30人(含30人)以上,或者受伤(包括急性中毒,下同)100人(含 100人)以上,或者直接经济损失 1000万元(含1000万元)以上的设备事故。
1- 4 特大事故(一锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》 ):是指造成死亡10~29 人或者受伤50~99人,或者直接经济损失 500万元(含500 万元)以上1000万元以下的设备事故。
1 - 5 重大事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》 ):是指造成死亡3~9人,或者受伤20~49 人,或者直接经济损失 100万元(含100 万元)以上500万元以下的设备事故。
1 - 6 严重事故(《锅炉压力容器压力管道特种设备事故处理规定》 ):是指造成死亡1~2人,或者受伤19人(含19人)以下,或者直接经济损失 50万 元(古50万元)以上100万元以下,以及无人员伤亡的设备爆炸事故。
压力容器名词解释
压力容器名词解释压力容器名词解释3.1.1 工作压力(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指在正常工作情况下,容器顶部可能达到的最高压力。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》3.4.23.1.2 设计压力(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指设定的容器顶部的最高压力。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》3.4.33.1.3 设计温度(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指容器在正常工作情况下,设定的元件的金属温度(沿元件金属截面的温度平均值)。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》3.4.63.1.4 设计厚度(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指计算厚度与腐蚀裕量之和。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》3.4.8.23.1.5 名义厚度(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指设计厚度加上钢材负偏差后向上圆整至钢材标准规格的厚度。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》3.4.8.33.1.6 有效厚度(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指名义厚度减去腐蚀裕量和钢材厚度负偏差。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》3.4.8.43.1.7 爆轰(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指物质的燃烧速度极快,达到1000m/s 以上时,产生与通常的燃爆根本不同的现象。
索引:GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》附录B B1.3 注3.1.8 动作压力(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指安全阀的开启压力或爆破片的爆破压力。
索引:GB 150-1998《钢制压力容器》附录B B2.23.1.9 标定爆破压力(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指在爆破片铭牌上标志的爆破压力。
索引:GB 150-1998《钢制压力容器》附录B B2.3.23.1.10 低温低应力工况(GB 150—1998《钢制压力容器》):系指壳体或其受压元件的设计温度虽然低于或等于-20℃,但其环向应力小于或等于钢材标准常温屈服点的1/6,且不大于50MPa 时的工况。
200个压力容器核心名词
A B类 category A B安全阀 safety valve安装 Installation鞍式支座 saddle support凹面 concave半球形封头 Hemispherical heads棒 bars保温支撑 insulation support爆炸性 explosive泵 pump变径段 reducers标记 stamping标志 marking标志的移植 Transfering marking波纹板 Corrugating Paper补强管 reinforcing nozzle补强圈 reinforcing ring不锈钢 stainless steel不圆度 out-of-roundness材料 materials材料证明书 Certification of material超声检验 Ultrasonic Examination衬里 Linings成型 Forming成型封头 Formed heads尺寸 Dimensions翅片管 finned tubes冲击试验 impact test储罐 storage tank传热面积 heat transfer surface磁粉检验 Magnetic Particle Examination 次要应力 secondary stress粗糙度 roughness淬火 Quenching带折边的锥形 toriconical弹簧 springs弹簧垫圈 spring washer弹性模量 modulus of Elasticity挡板 baffle plate低合金钢容器 low alloy steel vessels低温容器 Low-temperature vessels地震烈度 seismic intensity垫板 Backing strip垫片 gasket 垫圈 washer碟形封头 Dished heads顶丝 jbckscrew定距管 spacer定位销 pin dowel定义 Definitions毒性 toxicity镀锌容器 Galvanized vessels锻件 Forgings对焊法兰 welding neck flange耳座 lug阀门 valves法兰 flanges法兰接触面 Flange contact facings防冲板 impingement baffle防腐蚀衬里 Corrosion resistant linings防火 fire protection防涡流挡板 vortex breaker非受压件 nonpressure parts非圆形容器 Noncircular vessels分析 analysis峰值应力 peak stress腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance附加载荷 supplem entary loading附件 attachments复合板 Clad plate覆层容器 clad vessels盖板 Cover plates杆 rods and bars刚性 Stiffness高合金容器 high-alloy vessels工作温度 operation/service temperature工作压力 operation pressure固定的 fixed管板 tube sheet管壳式换热器 shell and tube heat exchanger 管口材料表 sheet of material for nozzle管口方位 nozzle orientation管箱 channel管子 pipes nozzle tube管嘴 nipple罐桶槽 tank过渡段 transition in过渡圆角 Knuckles焊后热处理 after postweld heat treating焊接工艺 welding procedure specification焊接接头 welding joints焊接系数 welding coefficient厚度 thickness滑动的 sliding环向应力 hoop stress回火 tempering基本地震加速度 basic seismic acceleration基本分压 basic wind pressure计算厚度 calculated thickness技术条件 form of Specification加强圈 stiffening rings夹套容器 Jacketed vessels检查孔 Inspection openings检验 inspection角焊 Fillet welds接地板 earth lug截止阀 Stop valves介质特性 fluid property金属温度 Metal temperature筋板 rib plate径向应力 radial stress静(压力)水头 static head局部 areas局部 local局部焊后热处理 Local postweld heat treatment矩形设计 rectangular design卡箍 clamp开孔补强 reinforcement for openings快开盖 Quick-actuating closures拉杆 tie rod裂缝 Cracking流体(介质) fluid螺孔 holes for screw螺母 nut螺塞 plug螺栓 bolt螺纹 threaded螺柱 studs名义厚度 nominal thickness铭牌 Nameplates内部构件 Internal structures 内衬筒 internal shell盘管 coil tube配件 fittings膨胀节 expansion joint平封头 Flat heads评定 Qualification气孔 Porosity气压试验 Pneumatic test钎焊 brazing强度 strength of球形封头 spherically dished曲率 curvature屈服 yielding全容积 total volume缺陷 defects群座 skirt support热处理 thermal treatment热处理 heat treatmen热应力 thermal stress人孔 manholes韧性 ductility容积 volume容器 vessel容器净重 empty weight容器类别 vessel classification塞焊 Plug welds设计压力 design pressure射线超声检验 Radiographic Examination渗透检验 Penetrant Examination石墨 graphite试样 Test coupons适用范围 Scope手孔 handholes水压试验 hydrostatic test/hydraulic test/hydrotest 碳钢 carbon steel搪玻璃容器 enameled vessels梯子、平台 ladders, platforms填充金属 filler metal筒体 shell凸面 convex凸缘 socket椭圆封头 Ellipsoidal heads外压容器 vessels subjected to external pressure 未注尺寸公差 tolerance grade not noted无支撑 unstayed系数 factor现场安装 Field assembly校核 checking of泄放 Discharge泄压装置 Pressure relieving devices性能 properties许用工作压力 allowable working pressure 许用应力 allowable stress易然的 flammable应力腐蚀 stress corrosion应力集中 stress concentration预热 Preheating圆度 roundness圆角和倒角 corners and fillets载荷 Loadings胀接 expanded connections折流板 baffle plate蒸发器 Evaporators直边长度 length of skirt直径 Diameter制造 fabrication制造厂 fabricator制造方法 methods of fabrication制造工艺 fabrication technology周长 Girth主应力 primary stress柱状壳体 Cylindrical shells铸铁容器 cast iron vessels转角半径 knuckle radius装配 assembling锥度 tapered锥壳 conical shell锥形封头 Conical heads资格 qualification纵向接头 Longitudinal joints组对 fitting up化工管道设计技术词汇1 管道组成件 Piping component1.1 管子 Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢 stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate p ipe螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube直管 run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件 Fitting弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbowk半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return带侧向口的弯头(右向或左向) side outlet elbow (right hand or left ha nd)双支管弯头(形) double branch elbow三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通(右向或左向) side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通(分支口为异径) reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通(一个直通口为异径)reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通(一个直通口及分支口为异径) reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通(两个直通口为异径,双头式) reducing tee (reducing on both runs, b ull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通(支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and br anch)Y型三通(俗称裤衩) true “Y”四通 cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通 reducing cross异径四通(一个分支口为异径)reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通(一个直通口及分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on one run a nd outlet)异径四通(两个分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on both outlet) 异径四通(一个直通口及两个分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on one run a nd both outlet)异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer锻制异径管 reducing swage螺纹支管台 threadolet焊接支管台 weldolet承插支管台 sockolet弯头支管台 elbolet 斜接支管台 latrolet镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet短管支管台 nipolet支管台,插入式支管台 boss管接头 coupling, full coupling半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头 union内外螺纹缩接(俗称补芯) bushing管帽 cap (C)堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管 Bend预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管(^ 形) cross-over bend偏置弯管(~ 形) offset bend90°弯管 quarter bend环形弯管 cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管(? 形) single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管(| ?形) single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管 mitre bend三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管 corrugated bend圆度 roundness1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG)整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰(包括平焊法兰) slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding fla nge承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖 blind flange, blind孔板法兰 orifice flange异径法兰 reducing flange盘座式法兰 pad type flange松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange对焊环 welding neck collar (与stub end相似)平焊环 welding-on collar突缘短节 stub end, lap翻边端 lapped pipe end松套板式法兰 loose plate flange压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面,法兰面 flange facing突面 raised face (RF)凸面 male face (MF)凹面 female face (FMF)榫面 tongue face槽面 groove face环连接面 ring joint face全平面;满平面 flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工 facing finish粗糙度 roughness光滑的 smooth齿形 serrated均方根 root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height ( AARH)配对法兰 companion-flange螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式 type of gasket平垫片 flat gasket环形平垫片 flat ring gasket平金属垫片 flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion 夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbest os gasket天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket 压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环 inner ring外环,外定位环 outer ring波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos i nserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbes tos filled gasket双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gaske t整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket透镜式垫片 lens gasket非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门 Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭 yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆 stem内螺纹 inside screw (IS)阀轭套 yoke sleeve阀杆环 stem ring阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 seat ring整体(阀)座 integral seat堆焊(阀)座 deposited seat阀芯(包括密封圈、杆等内件) trim阀盘 disc阀盘密封圈 disc seat阀体 body阀盖 bonnet阀盖衬套 bonnet bush螺纹阀帽 screw cap螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖(帽) union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封 body stem seal石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal倒密封 back seal压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器 powered operator电动操纵器 electric motor operator气动操纵器 pneumatic operator液压操纵器 hydraulic operator快速操纵器 quick-acting operator滑动阀杆 sliding stem正齿轮传动 spur gear operated伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated扳手操作 wrench operated链轮 chain wheel手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand lever (handle)气缸(或液压缸)操纵的 cylinder operated链条操纵的 chain operated等径孔道 full bore; full port异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern紧凑型(小型) compact type笼式环 lantern ring压盖 gland阀杆填料 stem packing阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket升杆式(明杆) rising stem (RS)非升杆式(暗杆) non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper注油器 grease injector可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring 1.6.2 常用阀(1)闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板 split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板 solid wedge塞型闸阀 plug gate valve直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve (2) 截止阀 globe valve球心型阀盘 globe type disc塞型阀盘 plug type disc可转动的阀盘 swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve(4) 角阀 angle valve(5) Y型阀(Y 型阀体截止阀) Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve装有底轴的 trunnion mounted耐火型 fire safe type浮动球型 floating ball type防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type凸耳式 lug type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butt erfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve(用于泥浆、粉尘等)(12) 止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀 relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve 电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-moto r operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放气阀(自动放气阀) air vent valve (automatic air vent valv e) (疏水阀用)平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀 flat valve换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve自动排液阀 self-draining valve管道盲板阀 line-blind valve挤压阀 squeeze valve(用于泥浆及粉尘等)呼吸阀 breather valve风门、挡板 damper减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀 control valve膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve执行机构 actuator背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构(或阀型)的阀切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阔 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve多通路阀 multiport valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operate d valve锻造阀 forged valve铸造阀 cast valve(水)龙头 bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve第一道阀;根部阀 primary valve根部阀 root valve总管阀 header valve事故切断阀 emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件(组件)粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时粗滤器(锥型) temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器 y-type strainerT型粗滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷嘴;喷头 spray nozzle取样冷却器 sample cooler消声器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint单波 single bellow双波 double bellow多波 multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movem ent type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节(外加强环)self-equalizing expansion joint带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint 球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Elem ent软管接头 hose connection (HC)快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles补强板 reinforcement pad特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel排液环 drip ring排液漏斗 drain funnel插板 blank垫环 spacer8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板 restriction orifice爆破片 rupture disk法兰盖贴面 protective disc费托立克接头 victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接 End Connection法兰端 flanged end坡口端 beveled end (BE)对焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end (PE)承插焊端 socket welding end螺纹端 threaded end (TE)承口 bell end焊接端 welding end法兰连接(接头) flanged joint对焊连接(接头) butt welded joint螺纹连接,管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint承插焊连接(接头) socket welded joint承插连接(接头) bell and spigot joint环垫接头 ring joint (RJ)万向接头 universal joint软钎焊连接(接头) soldered joint搭接接头,松套连接 lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss 内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness法兰式的 flanged (FLGD)对焊的 butt welded (BW)螺纹的 threaded (THD)承插焊的 socket welded (SW)小端为平的 small end plain (SEP)大端为平的 large end plain (LEP)两端平 both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET)支管连接 branch connection焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pi pe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱,双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt松紧螺旋扣(花篮螺丝) turnbuckleU形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓,机螺钉 maehine bolt 顶开螺栓,顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹 right hand thread管螺纹 pipe thread锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹 fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (N PT)螺孔 tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel ste el不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金(钨铬钴台金) Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢(马丁钢) Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron 可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁,锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢,镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造,型钢 swage锻造的,锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔(注:镍及铜合金) Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diam ond pen etrator hardness蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 缩醛塑料 acetal plastic尼龙塑料 nylon plastic聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料 thermoplastic 热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂 adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂 resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monom er (EP DM)合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) 玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板(指型钢的立板) web翼缘(指型钢的缘) wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord.O形环 O-ring自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱,填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification 管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级,等级,类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的,加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong 通用连接组 typieal installation分组(类)形式(如管道等级表) block form 数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary s heet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR) 散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangem ent5.1 设备名称 Equipm ent Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器,变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater 再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室,变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室,厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP) 管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图(“A”版) preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图(“B”版) inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue) 用户审查版设备布置图(“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图(“D”版) confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图(“e”版) planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图(“F”) designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图(“G”版) construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站,公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way 走道,过道 walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑(井) sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积,区域 area体积,容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管,垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段,接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“”视图X view “X”“”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的,立式的 vertical垂直,正交,垂直的 perpendicular平行,平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反(的),对面(的) opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD) 5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高,立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心,中至中 center to center (C-C)坐标 coordinate 坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrum ent flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表;管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine。
压力容器常用英语词汇
分类 classification design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design head head head head head peak stress pressure pressure setting
序号 No. 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
分类 classification design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design design allowance for abrasion
压力容器基础知识
金属材料在不同条件下抵抗外力对其破坏的能力统 称为材料的强度。我们常见常用的是以下两种: 称为材料的强度。我们常见常用的是以下两种: 1、屈服强度σs(σ0.2):表示材料抵抗发生塑性变 屈服强度σ 形的能力; 2、强度极限σb:表示材料抵抗断裂的能力 强度极限σ
(一)圆柱形筒体的内、 外压计算
1、计算涉及的有关设计参数: (1) 容器(筒体)直径(钢板卷焊的筒体, 容器(筒体)直径(钢板卷焊的筒体, 内径为公称直径;无缝钢管作筒体,外径为公 称直径)
(2)工作压力Pw和设计压力P: )工作压力P 和设计压力P 工作压力是指正常操作情况下可能出现的最高 工作压力是指正常操作情况下可能出现的最高 压力; 设计压力根据不同的情形,取 设计压力根据不同的情形,取 P=(1.05~ P=(1.05~1.75)Pw(一般取1.25Pw) (一般取1.25P (3)设计温度t:取直接或间接传热介质的最高可 设计温度t 能温度 (4)计算压力Pc:(要加上液体静压力)与设计压 计算压力P 力P的区别 (5)许用应力[σ]t: 许用应力[σ] (6)焊接接头系数φ: 焊接接头系数φ
二、压力容器的分类
按照容器的承压、介质、用途、蓄能四方面 特性都有分类。我们常接触的有: 1、按设计压力P分为: 、按设计压力P 低压 0.1MPa≤P< 0.1MPa≤P<1.6MPa 中压 1.6MPa≤P< 1.6MPa≤P<10MPa 高压 10MPa≤P< 10MPa≤P<100MPa 超高压 P≥100MPa
四、压力容器主要受压元件
压力容器上的主要受压元件有: 1、圆柱形筒体; 2、各种封头(椭圆形、蝶形、球冠形、锥形、 平板形等); 3、外压筒体上的加强圈; 4、管壳式换热器里的换热管、管板(花板)、 膨胀节等; 5、容器上的人手孔、接管、试镜、法兰等
压力容器专业英语词汇
压力容器专业部分英语词汇压力容器常用术语缩写1.检验检测术语(1)MET——力学性能试验(2)CT——化学成分分析(3)NDT——无损检测(4)DT——尺寸检查(5)VT——外观检查(6)RT——射线检测(7)UT——超声检测(8)MT——磁粉检测(9)PT——渗透检测(10)HB——布氏硬度(11)HV——维氏硬度(12)HR——洛氏硬度(13)HL——里氏硬度2.热处理术语(1)NT——正火+回火热处理(2)ISR——中间消除应力热处理(3)PWHT——焊后热处理(4)MAX.PWHT——可能达到的最大程度焊后热处理(5)MIN.PWHT——可能达到的最小程度焊后热处理(6)DHT——消氢处理(7)S.C——分步冷却脆化热处理ASME常用词汇Abrasion, allowance for 磨损,裕量Accessibility,pressure vessels 压力容器可达性Access openings 通道孔Allowance for corrosion, erosion, or abrasion 腐蚀裕量侵蚀或/磨损裕量Applied linings, tightness 应用衬里密封性Approval of new materials 新材料的批准Articles in Section V 第V卷中的各章Article 1, T-150 第1章T150Article 2 第2章Attachments 附件lugs and fitting 支耳和配件lugs for platforms, ladders, etc. 平台,梯子等的支耳nonpressure parts 非受压件nozzles 接管pipe and nozzle necks to vessel walls 在器壁上的管子和接管颈stiffening rings to shell 壳体上的刚性环Backing strip垫板Bending stress, welded joints弯曲应力,焊接接头Bend test弯曲试验Blind flanges盲板法兰Bolted flange connections螺栓法兰连接bolt lands 螺栓载荷bolt stress 螺栓应力design of 关于设计flange moments 法兰力矩flange stresses 法兰应力materials 材料studs 双头螺栓tightness of 紧密性types of attachment 附件类型Bolts 螺栓Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面Brazed connections for nozzles 接管的钎焊连接Brazed joints, efficiency of 钎焊接头,焊缝系数maximum service temperature 最高使用温度strength of 强度Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊,钎焊的表面清理fabrication by用……制造filler metal 填充金属fluxes 钎焊剂heads into shells 封头接入壳体operating temperature 操作温度Buttstraps, curvature 对接盖板,曲率forming ends of 成型端thickness and corrosion allowance 厚度和腐蚀裕量welding ends of 焊接端Carbon in material for welding 焊接用材料中的碳Cast ductile iron vessels, design 可锻铸铁容器,设计pressure-temperature limitations 压力-温度界限service restrictions 使用限制Castings 铸件carbon steel 碳钢defects 缺陷impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查quality factor 质量系数specifications 标准Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件,小件Cast iron pipe fittings 铸铁管件Cast iron vessels 铸铁容器corners and fillets 圆角和倒角head design 封头设计hydrostatic test 水压试验nozzles and fittings 接管和配件pressure-temperatures limitations 压力-温度界限Certificate of Authorization for Code Symbol Stamp 规范符号标志的认可证书Certification of material 材料证明书Certification of Nondestructive Personnel 无损检验人员证明书Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检验Liquid Penetrant Examination液体渗透检验Radiographic Examination 射线超声检验Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Chip marks on integrally forged vessels 整体锻造容器上的缺口标志Circumferential joints alignment tolerance环向连接,组对公差assembling装配brazing钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Clad material, inserted strips 覆层材料,嵌条examination 检查Clad plate 复合板Cleaning ,of brazed surfaces 钎焊表面清理of welded surfaces 焊接表面Clearance between surfaces to be brazed 钎焊表面间的间隙Combination, of different materials 不同材料组合of methods of fabrication制造方法Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力Conical heads 锥形封头Conical sections 圆锥截面Connections ,bolted flange (see Bolted flange connections)连接,螺栓法兰(见螺栓法兰连接)brazed 钎焊clamp 卡箍expanded 胀接from vessels to safety valves 由容器至安全阀studded 双头螺栓threaded 螺纹welded 焊接Cooling, after postweld heat treating冷却,焊后热处理Corrosion allowance腐蚀裕度Corrosion resistant linings防腐蚀衬里Corrugated shells波纹形壳体Corrugating Paper Machinery 波纹板机械Cover plates 盖板on manholes and handholes 在人孔和手孔上的spherically dished 球形封头Cracking, stress corrosion 应力腐蚀裂缝Cutting plates 板材切割Cylindrical shells, supplementary loading 柱状壳体,附加载荷thickness 厚度transition in 过渡段Data report, guide for preparation 准备数据报告的指南Defects in welded vessels, repair 修理焊接容器中的缺陷Definitions定义Design, brazed vessels 设计钎焊容器carbon and low alloy steel vessels 碳钢及低合金钢容器cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器ferritic steel vessels with properuts enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器loadings 载荷multichamber vessels 多受压室容器nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器welded vessels 焊接容器design pressure 设计压力Diameter exemption 直径的豁免Dimensions, checking of 尺寸,校核Discharge of safety valves 安全阀泄放Dished heads (see formed heads) 碟形封头(见成形封头)Disks, rupture 防爆膜Dissimilar weld metal 不同金属的焊接Distortion, of welded vessels 大变形、焊接容器supports to prevent 用支撑防止Drainage, discharge from safety and relief valves 排放,由安全阀和泄压阀泄放Drop weight tests 落锤试验Eccentricity of shells 壳体的偏心度Edges of plates, metal removal from 由加工板边去除金属tapered 锥度Efficiency, around openings for welded attachments 焊缝系数,环绕焊接附件孔口Elasticity, modulus of 弹性模量Electric resistance welding 电阻焊Ellipsoidal heads 椭圆封头Erosion, allowance for 侵蚀裕量Etching, of sectioned speciments 侵蚀,关于截面试样solutions for examination for materials 检验材料的溶液Evaporators 蒸发器Examination, of sectioned speciments 剖面试样的检验of welded joints 焊接接头的检验Exemptions diameter and volume 直径和容积的豁免Expanded connections 胀接连接External pressure, tube and pipe 外压管External pressure vessels 外压容器allowable working pressure for 许用工作压力charts 算图design of heads for 封头设计joints in shells of 壳体上的接头reinforcement for openings 开孔补强stiffening rings in shells 壳体上的刚性环supports for 支承thickness of shell 壳体厚度reducers 变径段Fabrication, brazed vessels 制造,钎焊容器Ferritic steels vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment, design经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器,设计fabrication 制造head design 封头设计heat treatment热处理heat treatment verification tests 热处理验证试验marking 标志materials 材料stamping 标记welded joints 焊接接头Field assembly of vessels 容器的现场安装Filler plugs for trepanned holes 锥孔的管塞Fillet welds 角焊Fired process tubular heaters 直接火管式加热炉Fitting attachments 附件装配Flange connections 法兰连接Flange contact facings 法兰接触面Flanges 法兰bolted design 螺柱法兰设计of formed heads for welding 用于焊接成型封头type of attachment 附件的类型Flat heads and covers, unstayed 无支撑平封头和盖板reinforcement of openings 开孔补强Flat spots on formed heads 成型封头上的平坦部分Flued openings 翻边开孔Forged parts, small 锻造部件,小的Forged vessels 锻造容器heat treatment 热处理localized thin areas 局部薄壁区welding 焊接Forgings 锻件identification of 识别Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验Form manufacturer’s data report 制造厂数据报告格式partial report 零部件数据报告Formed heads 成型封头flued openings in 封头上翻边开孔insertion of, welded vessels 插入,焊接容器joint efficiency 接头系数knuckle radius 转角半径length of skirt 直边长度on welded vessels 在焊接容器上reinforcement for openings 开孔补强Forming 成型ends of shell plates and buttstraps 壳体板和对接搭板端forged heads 锻造封头shell sections and heads 筒节和封头Furnaces 炉子temperatures for postweld head treatment 焊后热处理温度Furnaces for heat treating 热处理炉temperature control of 炉温控制Galvanized vessels 镀锌容器Gasket materials 垫片材料Girth joints (see circumferential joints) 环缝接头(见环向接头)Handhole and manhole openings 手孔和人孔开孔Head flange (skirt) length 封头翻边(直边)长度Head joints 封头接头brazing 钎焊welded 焊接Head openings 封头开孔entirely in spherical portion 全部在球体部分Head joints 封头接头concave and convex 凹面和凸面flat (see flat heads) 平板(见平封头)forged 锻造的formed (see Formed heads) 成型的(见成形封头)forming 面型thickness, after forming 厚度,成型之后Heads, design, conical 封头,设计,锥形ellipsoidal 椭圆形hemispherical 半球形spherically dished 球状碟形toriconical 带折边的锥形torispherical 带折边的球形torispherical, knuckle radius 带折边的球形,转角半径Heads and shells 封头和壳体external pressure, out-of-roundness 外压,不圆度openings through or near welded joints 通过或靠近焊缝处的开孔roundness tolerance 不圆度公差Heat exchangers 热交换器Heat treatment 热处理by fabricator 由制造厂进行carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器forged vessels 锻造容器furnaces 炉子high-alloy vessels 高合金容器of test specimens 试样的热处理verification tests of 热处理验证试验Hemispherical heads 半球形封头High pressure vessels 高压封头Holes 小孔for screw stays 用于螺丝固定for trepanning plug sections, refilling 用于穿孔螺塞部分,再填充telltale 指示孔unreinforced, in welded joints 不补强,在焊缝上Hubs, on flanges 高颈,在法兰上Hydrostatic proof tests 水压验证试验destructive 破坏性prior pressure application 在升压之前Hydrostatic test 水压试验cast iron vessels 铸铁容器combined with pneumatic 与气压试验混合的enameled vessels 搪玻璃容器external pressure vessels 外压容器galvanized vessels 镀锌容器standard 标准welded vessels 焊接容器Identification 识别of forging 锻件of plates 平板of welds 焊接Identification markers, radiographs 识别标志,射线照相Impact test 冲击试验certification 证明properties 性能specimens 试样temperature 温度Inspection 检查before assembling 组装之前carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器cast iron vessels 铸铁容器clad vessels 覆层容器during fabrication 在制造期间ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器fitting up 组对forged vessels 锻造容器heat treatment, forgings 热处理,锻件high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器magnetic particle 磁粉material 材料nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器plate 板材postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理pressure vessels, accessibility 压力容器,可达性quality control 质量管理sectioning of welded joints 焊接接头的剖面检验spot examination 抽样检查steel castings 铸钢件surfaces exposed and component parts 暴露的表面和元件部分test specimens 试样vessels 容器vessels exempted from 免检容器welded vessels 焊接容器Inspection openings 检查孔Inspectors 检查师access to plant 在厂内应有的便利control of stamping 打印管理duties 职责facilities 装备qualification 资格reports 报告Installation 安装pressure-relieving devices 泄压装置pressure vessel 压力容器Integral cast iron dished heads 整体铸铁碟形封头integrally finned tubes 整体翅片管Internal structures 内部构件Jacketed vessels 夹套容器Joints 接头brazed 钎焊circumferential (see Circumferential joints) efficiency, brazed 环缝(见环向接头)系数,钎焊welded 焊接electric resistance, butt welding 电阻,对接焊in cladding and applied linings 在覆层及衬里in vessels subjected to external pressure 在承受外压的容器lap (see Lap joints) 搭接(见搭接接头) longitudinal (see Longitudinal joints) 纵向(见纵向接头)tube-to-tubesheet 管子对管板Jurisdictional Review 权限审查Knuckles 过渡圆角radius 半径transition section 变径段Lap joints 搭接接头amount of overlap 搭接量brazed 钎焊longitudinal under external pressure 在外压作用下纵向的welded 焊接Laws Covering Pressure Vessels 涉及压力容器的法规Lethal gases or liquids 致命的气体或液体Ligaments, efficiency of 孔带,系数Limitation on welded vessels 焊接容器的限制Limit of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度的限制Linings 衬里corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验Loadings 载荷Local postweld heat treatment 局部焊后热处理Longitudinal joints 纵向接头alignment tolerance 对准公差brazing 钎焊vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Low-temperature operation 低温操作Low-temperature vessels brazed 低温容器,钎焊for gases and liquids 用于气体和液体impact test requirements 冲击试验要求impact test, when not required 冲击试验,当不要求时marking 标志materials 材料testing of materials 材料试验Lugs for ladders, platforms, and other 梯子,平台及其它附件的支耳Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉检查Manholes, and handholes 人孔,手孔cover plate for 盖板minimum vessel diameter requiring 所需最小容器直径Manufacture, responsibility of 制造者,职责Manufacturer’s Data Report (see Data Report) 制造厂数据报告(见数据报告)M anufacturer’s stamps 制造厂的印记Marking castings 标志,铸件materials 材料plates 板材standard pressure parts 标志受压件valves and fittings 阀门和配件with Code symbol 带有规范符号Markings, transfer after cutting plates 标志,板材切割以后的转移Materials, approval of new 材料,新材料的批准approval of repairs 修补的批准brazed vessels 钎焊容器carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁castings 铸铁cast iron vessels 铸铁容器certification 合格证clad vessels 覆层容器combination of 组合材料ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器for nonpressure parts 非受压元件heat treatment of 热处理high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器inspection of 检查nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器pipe and tube 管子plate 板rods and bars 杆和棒specification for 标准standard pressure, parts 标准受压元件unidentified 未鉴别的use of over thickness listed in SectionⅡ采用超过列于第Ⅱ卷表中的厚度welded vessels 焊接容器Measurement, 测量dimensional 尺寸of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度Metal temperature determination 金属温度,确定control of 控制Mill undertolerance 钢厂负公差控制Minimum thickness of plate 板材的最小厚度控制Miscellaneous pressure parts 其它受压件控制Multichamber vessels design 多承压室容器,设计Multiple duplicate vessels 多个相同的容器Multiple safety valves 多个安全阀Nameplates 铭牌New materials 新材料Noncircular vessels 非圆形容器ligament efficiency 孔带系数nomenclature 术语obround design 长圆形设计rectangular design 矩形设计reinforcement 补强examples 实例Nonpressure parts, attachment of 非受压元件的连接Notch ductility test 缺口韧性试验Nozzle openings, reinforced 接管开孔,补强的unreinforced 非补强的vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压得容器Nozzles attachment of to shell 接管,与壳体的连接minimum thickness of neck 缩颈的最小厚度(see also Connections)(也可见连接件)Nuts and washers 螺母和垫圈Offset of edges of plates at joints 在接头处板边的偏差Openings adjacent to welds 开孔,邻近焊缝closure of 封闭for connections to brazed vessels 用于对钎焊容器的连接for drainage 用于排放head (see Openings head and shell) 封头(见开孔,封头和壳体)in flat heads 在平板封头上inspection 检查manhole (see Manholes) 人孔(见人孔) nozzle (see Nozzle opening) 接管(见接管开孔)shell (see Openings, head and shell) 壳体(见开孔,封头和壳体)through welded joints 通过焊接接头Openings, head and shell, computation of 开孔,封头和壳体,计算not requiring additional reinforcement 不需要附加补强reinforced, size 补强,尺寸reinforcement for adjacent openings 邻近开孔的补强reinforcement of 补强requiring additional reinforcement 需要附加补强shapes permissible 许用形式unreinforced, size 不补强的,尺寸Outlets, discharge, pressure relieving devices 排放口,出料,泄压装置Out-of-roundness 不圆度Overpressure limit for vessels 容器的超压极限Partial data report, manufacturer’s 零部件数据报告,制造厂的Parts, miscellaneous 部件,各种各样的Peening 捶击Pipe connections openings for 管子的连接,用于开孔Pipe fittings vessels built of 管子配件,制造的容器Pipe and tubes 各类管子Pipe used for shells 用作壳体的管子piping external to vessel 容器外的管子Plate, curvature 板,曲率measurement, dimensional check 测量,尺寸校核Plate edges cutting 板边,切割exposed left unwelded 留下不予焊接的显露部分inspection of 检查Plates 平板alignment 找准cover 盖板cutting 切割forming 成型heat treatment 热处理identification 标志impact test 冲击试验inspection 检查laying out 划线less than 6 mm thickness 厚度小6mm markings transfer after cutting 标志,在切割以后的转移minimum thickness 最小厚度repair of defects 缺陷修理specifications 标准structural carbon steel 结构碳钢Plug welds 塞焊Pneumatic test 气压试验pressure 压力yielding 屈服Porosity welded joints 气孔,焊接接头Porosity charts 气孔图Postheat treatment 后热处理connections for nozzles and attachments 用于接管和附件的连接cooling after 随后的冷却furnace temperature 炉温inspection 检查local 局部requirements 要求temperature range 温度范围welded vessels 焊接容器Preheating 预热Preparation of plates for welding 焊接板材的准备pressure, design 压力,设计limits 极限(see also Working pressure, allowable) (也可见工作压力,许用)Pressure parts miscellaneous 受压件,其它的Pressure relieving devices 泄压装置discharge 排放installation and operation 安装和运转rupture disks 防爆模setting 整定Pressure vessels 压力容器exempted from inspection 免检Produce form of Specification 产品技术条件Proof test hydrostatic (see Hydrostatic proof test) 验证试验,水压(见水压试验) Qualification 评定of brazers 钎焊工of welders 焊工of welding procedure 焊接工艺Quality Control System 质量保证体系Quenching and tempering 淬火及回火Quick-actuating closures 快开盖Radiograph factor 射线照相系数Radiographing 射线照相examination by 检查partial 部分quality factors 质量系数requirements 要求spot examination 抽样检查retests 重新试验thickness, mandatory minimum 规定最小厚度Radiographs, acceptance by inspector 射线照相,由检查员认为合格gamma rays, radium capsule γ射线,装镭的盒子interpretation by standard procedure 由标准程序的说明rounded indications 圆形显示Reaming holes for screw stays 为固定螺钉用的铰孔Reducer sections, rules for 变径段,规程Reinforcement 补强defined limits 规定的范围head and shell openings 封头及壳体开孔large openings 大开孔multiple openings 多个开孔nozzle openings 接管开孔of openings in shells, computation of 壳体上开孔,计算openings subject to rapid pressure fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔Fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔strength 强度Relief devices 泄放装置(see also Pressure relieving devices, Safety and relief Valves)(也可见泄压装置,安全阀和泄压阀)Relieving capacity of safety valves 安全阀排量Repairs, approval of defects in material 修理,材料中缺陷的认可defective Brazing 有缺陷的钎焊defects in forgings 锻件中的缺陷defects in welds 焊缝中的缺陷Responsibility of manufacturer 制造者的职责Retention of Records 记录的保存Radiographs 射线照相Manufacturer’s Data Reports 制造厂的数据报告Retests, frogings 复试,锻件impact specimens 冲击试样joints, welded 接头,焊接Rods, bars, and shapes 杆棒喝型材Rolled parts, small 轧制件,小件Rupture disks 爆破模Safety 安全性safety relief, and pressures relief valves, adjustable blow down, capacity certification 安全泄放和泄压阀,可调节的泄放,排放量证明capacity, conversion 排量,换算connection to vessels 连接至容器construction 结构discharge pipe 排放管indirect operation 间接操作installation 安装installation on vessels in service 容器在役时的安装liquid relief 液体泄放marking 标志minimum requirements 最低要求pressure setting 压力整定spring loaded 受载弹簧springs, adjustment 弹簧,调节stop valves adjacent to 邻近的截止阀test 试验protective devices 防护装置for unfired steam boiler 对非直接火蒸气锅炉Scope 适用范围sectioning, closing holes left by 解剖,解剖孔的封闭etching plugs taken 解剖样的侵蚀examination by 检查Service restriction 使用限制Shapes, special 形状,特殊Shell plates, forming ends of 壳体用材料,封头成型Shells 壳体allowable working pressure 许用工作压力computation of openings in 开孔计算forming 成型made from pipe 由管子制造的stiffening rings 刚性环thickness 厚度Transition section 过渡段Sigma-phase formation σ相的形成Skirts length on heads 直边、封头上的长度support of vessels 裙座,容器支撑Slag inclusion welds 焊缝中的夹渣Special constructions 特殊结构Specification for materials 材料标准Spherical sections of vessels 容器的球形部分Spot examination of welded joints 焊接接头的抽样检查Springs for safety valves 安全阀的弹簧Stamping location of 打印位置multipressure vessels 多重压力容器omission of 省略safety valves 安全阀with Code symbol 带有规范标记Stamps, certificate of authorization 钢印,授权low stress 低压力not to be covered 不应覆盖to be visible on plates 在板上可见Static head, in setting safety valves, effect of on limiting stresses 静压头,在整定安全阀时,影响,对极限应力Stayed surfaces 支撑表面Staying formed heads 成型封头的支撑Stays and staybolts, adjacent to edges of staybolted surface 支撑件及拉撑螺栓,邻近用螺栓拉撑得表面周边处allowable stress 许用应力area supported 支撑面dimensions 尺寸ends 端部location 位置pitch 节距screw, holes for 螺孔upset for threading 为车制螺纹的镦粗welded 焊接的Steam generating vessels, unfired 蒸汽锅炉,非直接火Steel, carbon content 钢,含碳量Stenciling plates for identification 在板材上打印标志Stiffening rings, attachment to shell 刚性环,和壳体的装配for vessels under external pressure 用于外压容器Stiffness, support of large vessels for 刚性,大容器支座Stop valves 截止阀adjacent to safety and relief valves 邻近于安全和泄压阀Strength of brazed joints 钎焊接头的强度Stress corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀裂缝Stress values, attachment weld 应力值,连接焊缝basis for establishing 确定的基础carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体刚high-alloy steel高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属Stud bolt threads 双头螺栓螺纹Studded connections 双头螺纹连接Supplementary design formulas 补充设计公式Supports, design 支座,设计pressure vessels 压力容器temperature free movement under 在温度下活动不受约束types of steel permissible for 容许的钢材类型vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Surface Weld Metal Buildup 金属堆焊表面Tables, effective gasket width b 表,有效垫片宽度bgasket materials and contact facings 垫片材料和接触面maximum allowable efficiencies for arc and gas welded joints 电弧焊和气焊接头的最大许用系数minimum number of pipe threads for connections 管螺纹连接的最少螺纹牙数molecular weights of gases and vapors 气体和蒸汽的分子量of stress values, carbon and low-alloy steel 应力值,碳钢和低合金钢cast iron 铸铁cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢high-alloy steel 高合金钢nonferrous metals 非铁金属welded carbon low-alloy pipe and tubes 焊接低合金碳钢管of values factor K系数K值factor M 系数Mfactor 系数postweld heat treatment requirements 焊后热处理要求recommended temperature ranges for heat treatment 推荐的热处理温度范围spherical radius factor K1 球半径系数K1 Telltale holes 指示孔in opening reinforcement 开孔补强Temperature, definitions 温度,定义design 设计determination 确定free movement of vessel on supports 支座上的容器活动不受约束heat treatment 热处理limitations, of brazed vessels 限制,钎焊容器of cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁of postweld heat treating 焊后热处理metal, control of 金属,控制operating or working, definitions 操作或工作,定义zones of different 不同区域Termination point of a vessel 容器的界限点Test coupons 试样Test gages requirements 试验仪表,要求Test plates heat treatment 试板,热处理impact test 冲击试验production 生产Tests, hydrostatic proof 试验,水压验证pneumatic (see pneumatic test) 气压,见气压试验vessels whose strength cannot be calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器Thermal buffers 热缓冲器Thermocouples attachment 热电偶,安装Thickness gages, details 厚度量规,细节Thick shells, cylindrical 厚壳体,圆柱形spherical 球形Thin plates marking 薄板,标志Threaded connection 螺纹连接Threaded inspection openings 螺纹检查孔Threads, stud bolts 螺纹,双头螺栓Tolerances, forged shells and heads 公差,锻造容器及封头Toriconical heads 带折边的锥形封头Torispherical heads 带折边的球形封头Transfering marking on plates 板上标志的移植Transition in cylindrical shells 柱状壳体的过渡Trays and baffles, acting as partial shell stiffeners 塔盘及挡板,作为部分壳体加强圈Tubes and pipe 管子Tube-to-tubesheet joints 管子与管板的连接Ultrasonic examination of welds 焊缝的超声检验UM vessels UM 容器Unfired steam boiler 非直接火蒸汽锅炉Unidentified materials 未识别的材料Valves, connections 阀,连接safety and relief (see safety and relief valves) 安全和泄压装置Valves and fittings, marking 阀及其配件,标志Verification tests, heat treatment 验证试验,热处理Volume exemption 容器的免检Weld deposits, cleaning 焊接熔敷金属,清理peening 捶击Welded joints, category 焊接接头,类别description of types 类型的描述efficiency 焊缝系数impact test, across 冲击试验,横向postweld heat treating 焊后热处理radiographic examination, complete 射线照相检查,整个的rounded indications 圆形显示sectioning, etch test 解剖,侵蚀试验spot examination 抽样检查staggered, longitudinal 错开,轴向taper, plates of unequal thicknesses 锥度,不等厚板types around openings 类型,环绕开孔ultrasonic examination of 超声检验Welded reinforcement of nozzle openings 接管开孔的焊缝补强Welded vessels 焊接容器holes in joints of 接头处的孔inspection 检查limitations on 限制tests of 试验Welders and welding operators 焊工和自动焊工identifying stamps 识别标记records of, by manufacturers 由制造厂所作的记录test of qualification 评定试验Welding 焊接cleaning of welded surfaces 焊件表面清理details, limitations 细节,限制forged vessels 锻造容器materials 材料materials having different coefficients of expansion 膨胀系数不同的材料of attachment around openings 开孔周围的连接plate, fitting up joints 平板,连接处的装配plate edges, matching 板边,匹配preparation of plates 钣材的制备procedure qualification 工艺评定processes 工艺test requirement 试验要求Weld metal, composition 焊缝金属,成分Welds acceptability, when radiographed 焊缝合格,用射线照相时when sectioned 解剖时fillet 填角identification of 识别plug 塞焊reinforcement, butt welds 补强,对接焊repairs of defects in 焊缝中缺陷的修补sharp angles, avoid at weld edges 尖角,避免在焊缝边上structural 结构tack 定位焊types, description 类型,描述ultrasonic examination of 超声检验Working pressure allowable, braced and stayed surfaces 许用工作压力,有拉撑和支撑表面by proof test 验证性试验definition of 定英汉锅炉及压力容器词汇AA-number A-No(焊缝金属成分分类号,A=Analysis)A-number analysis A-Number 化学成分A-scan A形扫描ability 能力abnormal situation 异常情况abrupt change in section 截面突变处abrupt transitions 转变的过渡部分absolute coil 绝对线圈absolute manometer 绝对压力计,绝对压强计absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute readout 绝对读数absolute system 绝对系统absolute value 绝对值absorbed energy value 吸收能值absorber 吸收塔absorption 吸附absorption characteristics 吸附特性absorption of hydrogen 吸收氢absorptivity 吸收率abutting pressure parts 相连承压件abutting sections 相连截面accelerated cooling 加速冷却acceptability 可接受性acceptable abbreviation 允许的缩写代号acceptable deviations 允许偏差acceptance criteria 合格指标,验收标准acceptance level 验收标准,合格标准acceptance limit 验收极限acceptance of material 材料的验收acceptance standard 验收标准acceptance test 验收试验access 可达性access door 检查门access for inspector 为检验师提供的方便access for welding 焊接可达性access opening 检查孔,出入孔accessibility of joint 接头可达性access opening 检查孔,出入孔accredit 授权,认可accumulation of time 时间的总和,累加时间accumulation of water 积水accumulation test 蓄汽试验,累积试验accumulation test pressure 蓄汽试验压力accuracy 精度acicular ferrite 针状铁素体acidic slag 酸性渣acidity 酸度acoustic holography 声全息照相acoustic impedance 声阻抗active carbon filter 活性炭过滤器active flux 活性焊剂active gas 活性气体actual design pressure 实际设计压力actual metal temperature 金属实际温度actual stress 真实应力actual stress distribution 实际应力分布actual thickness 实际厚度actual throat (角)焊缝实际厚度actual throat of a fillet weld 角焊缝实际厚度actual value 实际值Adamson furnace 阿登生式炉胆Adamson ring 阿登生圈Adamson type furnace 阿登生式炉胆Adaptor 承接接头adaptive control welding 适应控制焊接added mass 外加质量addenda 增补(在ASME规范中“addenda”一词的内涵甚广,包括“增”“删”“修补”“勘误”等,不仅限于“补遗”)additional bending stress 附加弯曲应力additional data 附加数据additional design principles 补充设计规则additional distortion 附加变形additional fabrication test 附加工艺试验additional inspection 附加检验additional reinforcement 附加补强additional requirements 附加要求additional strain 附加应变additional strength 附加强度additional stress 附加应力additional tension test 附加拉伸试验additional term 附加项additional testing 附加试验additional wall thickness 附加壁厚additional weld metal build-up 额外堆焊的焊缝金属adhering slag 挂渣adhesive content 粘合剂含量adjacent chamber 相邻室,相邻舱adjacent course 相邻筒节adjacent cylinder 相邻筒体adjacent cylindrical section 相邻筒节adjacent hole 邻孔adjacent layer 相邻层adjacent opening 相邻孔adjacent region 临区,相邻区域adjacent sliding surface 邻接的滑动表面,相邻滑动面adjacent surface 相邻面adjoining edge 连接边缘接口adjustable distance piece 可调定距块,可调定距管adjusted pressure ratings for flanges and fittings 法兰和附件的折算压力级别administration fee 管理费用administration supervision 行政监督,管理上的监督adsorbed(surface) moisture (表面)吸附的水分affinity 亲和力affinity for carbon 对碳的亲和力age-hardening crack 时效硬化裂纹ageing 时效ageing induced crack 时效裂纹ageing treatment 时效处理agglomerate flux 粘结焊剂aggregate area 截面积的总和,总截面积aggregate relieving capacity 总泄放量aggregate time 总时间aggregate value capacity 叠加的安全阀排放量air arc cutting 空气电弧切割air-cooled condition 空冷状态air dried hard wood 风干硬木air dried peat 风干泥煤air dried soft wood 风干软木air dried wood 风干木材air entrainment 卷吸空气air pockets 气泡,气袋air-tight coating 气密性覆层air-tight protective coating 气密性保护覆层air-underwater pressure test (管子)水下气压试验algebraic sum 代数和algorithm 算法aligning parts 对准部件alignment tolerance 对准公差alkali ion diode 碱离子二极管alligator crack pattern 鳄鱼皮状裂纹图象(热疲劳裂纹的表现)allowable bolt design stress 螺栓许用设计应力allowable external working pressure 许用工作外压allowable flange stress 法兰许用应力allowable flange stress intensity 法兰许用应力强度allowable maximum service stress 许用最大工作应力allowable staybolt pitch 拉撑螺栓许用节距,拉撑螺栓允许节距allowable stress value 许用应力(值)allowable working pressure 许用工作压力allowance for abrasion 腐蚀裕量allowance for corrosion 腐蚀裕量alloy clad steel plate 合金复合钢板alloy composition 合金成分alloy layer 合金层alloying element 合金元素all-position welding 全位置焊all-weld tensile test 全焊缝金属拉伸试验alternate base material 代用母材alternate heat treatment 另一种热处理(工艺)alternate internal and external pressures 交变内外压alternate plastic strain 交替塑性应变alternate specimen 另一种试样alternate tension test orientation 另一种拉伸试样取样方位alternating stress 交变应力alternating stress amplitude 交变应力幅alternating stress intensity 交变应力强度aluminium (aluminum) 铝aluminium alloy 铝合金aluminium alloy gas cylinder 铝合金气瓶aluminium-base material 铝基材料aluminium-base alloy 铝基合金aluminium bronze 铝青铜aluminium nitride 铝的氮化物aluminium overlay 铝铁合金层American Boiler Manufactures’Association (ABMA) 美国锅炉制造者协会American Society of Metals (ASM) 美国金属学会American Welding Society (AWS) 美国焊接学会ambient temperature 环境温度ammeter shunt 安培计分流器ammonia converter 氨合成塔ammonia liquor scrubber 氨母液洗涤塔ammonium copper acetate solution scrubber 醋酸铜胺洗涤塔amount of corrosion allowance 腐蚀裕量amount of forge work 锻造量amount of machining 机加工量。
压力容器的基础知识.docx
第一章压力容器的基础知识第一节概述1、压力容器的定义2、压力容器的分类3、压力容器的结构特征及常见破坏形式第二节常见物理量及量纲第三节压力容器常用术语第二章压力容器的介质分类及特性第一节压力容器的常用介质第二节压力容器的常用介质分类第三节压力容器常用介质特性第三章压力容器的常用材料第一节常用材料及其性能第二节材料的常见缺陷第四章焊接缺陷及无损检测相关知识第一节焊接材料第二节常见焊接方法及坡口形式第三节无损检测知识简介第五章压力容器定期检验第一节定期检验项目及合格判定第二节定检常用工具仪器设备第六章安全实用与管理第一节安全附件简介第二节操作与使用管理安全规程第一章压力容器的基础知识第一节概述压力容器是工业生产过程中不可缺少的一种设备.随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,压力容器的使用越来越广泛,它不仅用于工业、农业、科研、国防、医疗卫生和文教体育等国民经济各部门,而且已深入到千家万户之中。
压力容器不仅数量多,增长速度快,而且类型复杂,发生事故的可能性较大。
作为压力容器的检验检测人员,保证压力容器的安全运行是自己应尽的职责,为了帮助检验检测人员提高理论知识和实际操作水平,本章将较详细的讲解和介绍一些与压力容器相关的基础知识。
一、压力容器的定义所谓容器,通常的说法是:由曲面构成用于盛装物料的空间构件。
通俗地讲,就是化工、炼油、医药、食品等生产所用的各种设备外部的壳体都属于容器。
不言而喻,所有承受压力的密闭容器称为压力容器,或者称为受压容器。
我国对压力容器的界限范围是根据:国务院第549号令《特种设备安全监察条例》第99条第二款规定:压力容器是指承装气体或者液体,承载一定压力的密闭设备,其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1Mpa(表压),且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于 2.5MPa.L的气体,液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体的固定式容器和移动式容器;承装公称工作压力大于或者等于0.2MPa(表压),且压力与容积德乘积大于或者等于.0Mpa.L的气体、液化气体和标准沸点等于或者低于60摄氏度液体的气瓶,如氧舱等。
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压力容器核心名词,包含英文解释:
A B类category A B卡箍 clamp
安全阀 safety valve开孔补强 reinforcement for openings
安装 Installation快开盖 Quick-actuating closures
鞍式支座 saddle support拉杆 tie rod
凹面 concave裂缝 Cracking
半球形封头 Hemispherical heads流体(介质) fluid
棒 bars螺孔 holes for screw
绝缘支撑 insulation support螺母 nut
爆炸性 explosive螺塞 plug
泵 pump螺栓 bolt
变径段 reducers螺纹 threaded
标记 stamping螺柱 studs
标志 marking名义厚度 nominal thickness
标志的移植 Transfering marking铭牌 Nameplates
波纹板 Corrugating Paper内部构件 Internal structures
补强管 reinforcing nozzle内衬筒 internal shell
补强圈 reinforcing ring盘管 coil tube
不锈钢 stainless steel配件 fittings
不圆度 out-of-roundness膨胀节 expansion joint
材料 materials平封头 Flat heads
材料证明书 Certification of material评定 Qualification
超声检验 Ultrasonic Examination气孔 Porosity
衬里 Linings气压试验 Pneumatic test
成型 Forming钎焊 brazing
成型封头 Formed heads强度 strength of
尺寸 Dimensions球形封头 spherically dished
翅片管 finned tubes曲率 curvature
冲击试验 impact test屈服 yielding
储罐 storage tank全容积 total volume
传热面积 heat transfer surface缺陷 defects
磁粉检验 Magnetic Particle Examination群座 skirt support
次要应力 secondary stress热处理 heat treatment
粗糙度 roughness热应力 thermal stress
淬火 Quenching人孔 manholes
带折边的锥形 toriconical韧性 ductility
弹簧 springs容积 volume
弹簧垫圈 spring washer容器 vessel
弹性模量 modulus of Elasticity容器净重 empty weight
挡板 baffle plate容器类别 vessel classification
低合金钢容器 low alloy steel vessels塞焊 Plug welds
低温容器 Low-temperature vessels设计压力 design pressure
地震烈度 seismic intensity射线超声检验 Radiographic Examination
垫板 Backing strip渗透检验 Penetrant Examination
垫片 gasket石墨 graphite
垫圈 washer试样 Test coupons
碟形封头 Dished heads适用范围 Scope
顶丝 jbckscrew手孔 (ha)ndholes
定距管 spacer水压试验 hydrostatic test/hydraulic test/hydrotest 定位销 pin dowel碳钢 carbon steel
定义 Definitions
压力容器核心名词,包含英文解释:
矩形设计 rectangular design
毒性 toxicity搪玻璃容器 enameled vessels
镀锌容器 Galvanized vessels梯子、平台 ladders, platforms
锻件 Forgings填充金属 filler metal
对焊法兰 welding neck flange壳体 shell
耳座 lug凸面 convex
阀门 valves凸缘 socket
法兰 flanges椭圆封头 Ellipsoidal heads
法兰接触面 Flange contact facings外压容器 vessels subjected to external pressure 防冲板 impingement baffle未注尺寸公差 tolerance grade not noted
防腐蚀衬里 Corrosion resistant linings无支撑 unstayed
防火 fire protection系数 factor
防涡流挡板 vortex breaker现场安装 Field assembly
非受压件 nonpressure parts校核 checking of
非圆形容器 Noncircular vessels泄放 (Disc)harge
峰值应力 peak stress泄压装置 Pressure relieving (dev)ices
腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance性能 properties
附加载荷 supplementary loading许用工作压力 alowable working pressure
复合板 Clad plate许用应力 allowable stress
覆层容器 clad vessels易然的 flammable
盖板 Cover plates应力腐蚀 stress corrosion
杆 rods or bars应力集中 stress concentration
过渡段 transition in预热 Preheating
过渡圆角 Knuckles圆度 roundness
焊后热处理 after postweld heat treating圆角和倒角 corners+fillets
焊接工艺 welding procedure specification载荷 Loadings
焊接接头 welding joints e(xpa)nded connections
焊接系数 welding coefficient折流板 baffle plate
厚度 thickness蒸发器 (Evap)orators
滑动的 sliding直边长度 length of skirt
环向应力 hoop stress直径 Diameter
回火 tempering制造 fabrication
基本地震加速度 basic seismic acceleration制造厂 fabricator
基本分压 basic wind pressure制造方法 methods of fabrication
计算厚度 calculated thickness制造工艺 fabrication technology
技术条件 form of Specification周长 Girth
加强圈 stiffening rings主应力 primary stress
夹套容器 Jacketed vessels柱状壳体 Cylindrical shells
检查孔 Inspection openings铸铁容器 cast iron vessels
检验 inspection转角半径 knuckle radius
角焊 Fillet welds装配 assembling
接地板 earth lug锥度 tapered
截止 Stop valves锥壳 conical shell
介质特性 fluid property锥形封头 Conical heads
金属温度 Metal temperature资格 qualification
筋板 rib plate纵向接头 Longitudinal joints
径向应力 radial stress组对 fitting up
静(压力)水头 static head附件 attachments
局部 areas。