动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份(一)
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动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份(一)
一、动词-ing形式做主语
1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调:现在分词做主语时谓
语一律用单数。
Eg: Talking is an art.
Eg: Tearning English well is not easy.
2、it做形式主语的情况
It’s no good/use doing sth.做``````是没有用的
It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的
There is no `````````doing sth.
Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result.
Eg: It is no good playing games.
二、动词-ing形式做表语
动词-ing形式做表语,一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。
1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。(主语和表语
的位置可以互换)
Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.
Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits.
Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task.
与现在进行时的区别:
He is flying.(现在进行时,就不能转换成----------Flying is he)
2、表示主语的某种性质或状态,描述主语的特征,相当于形容词,故不能与
主语互换。
系动词:be动词、感官动词、get/become等。
Eg: This film is interesting.
Eg: Today’s weather is nice.
Eg: The song sounds good.
(主语一般为物:moving\ surprising\promising有希望的)
三、动词-ing形式做宾语
1、作动词的宾语
某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式。
allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\
Eg: I tried to avoid making mistakes.
Eg: I suggest having a rest.
2、作介词的宾语
是一些固定的短语搭配:be/ get/ become used to习惯于, look forward to,
insist on, be succed in, be fond of, be interested in, be worth, devote```to, stick to, lead to and so on.
Eg: The book is worth reading.
Eg: I am used to getting up early.
四、作宾语补足语
1、动词-ing形式可以在感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语,和宾语一起构成复合宾语。(表示动作的正在进行,状态正在持续)
Eg: I watched a student picking peaches when I crossed the school.
Eg: When I came into classroom, I heard someone singing.
3、动词-ing形式也可以用在使役动词have\ get\ leave\ keep\set\ send等动词后
作宾语补足语。
(宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。)
Eg: Don’t have your students doing hom ework all the time.
五、动词-ing形式做定语
1、表示被修饰词的某种用途,一般放在所修饰词的前面。
阅览室reading room 吸烟室smoking room
洗衣机washing machine 写字台writing desk
3、起形容词作用的动词-ing作定语时,含有主动和进行的意思。
(1)单个的分词放在所修饰名词的前面
Eg: I walked quietly in order not to wake the sleeping bird.
(2)短语放在所修饰的名词后面
Eg: I know the bird sleeping in the tree.---------I know the bird which is sleeping in the tree.
Eg: It lived in a tree facing my house.----------It lived in a tree which faced my house.
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