无人机在农业方面的应用

无人机在农业方面的应用

一提到无人机在农业方面的应用，想必大家首先想到的是农药喷洒，农药喷洒是植保无人机最常见的应用方式，因其高效安全、节约成本、易操作等优势受到了人们的肯定。但是无人机在农业方面的应用并不仅仅局限于此，本文为大家解读无人机在农业方面的各类应用。

The Application of UAV in Agriculture

In recent years, with the expansion of UAV technology in the commercial field，UAV became a new research focus in the field of agriculture, using UAV as low-altitude remote sensing platform on

farmland became a reasonable idea.

At the mention application of UAV in agriculture，surely we first thought it can spray pesticides, pesticide spraying is the most common application of the plant protection UAV, because of its high safety, cost saving, easy operation and other advantages, makes it get people's affirmation. However, the application of UAV in agriculture is not limited to this, this paper for the interpretation of the various applications of UAV in agriculture.

一、农田药物喷洒Spraying pesticides on farms

药物喷洒是农用无人机最为广泛的应用，与传统植保作业相比，植保无人机具有精准作业、高效环保、智能化、操作简单等特点，为农户节省大型机械和大量人力的成本，全国各地不少地区都已使用植保无人机进行药物作业，受到了人们的肯定。

据相关人士称，未来农业植保领域将会有千亿市场空间。Compared to the traditional plant protection work, the spraying pesticide s is the most widely use of agricultural UAV, plant protection UAV has the characteristics of precise operation, environmental protection and efficient, intelligent, simple operation, large machinery and a lot of manpower cost savings for farmers, many areas across the country already use plant protection UAV to spray pesticides, has been affirmed by the people.

According to relevant sources, the future of agricultural plant protection field will be billion s market space.

二、农田信息监测Information monitoring on farms

无人机农田信息监测主要包括病虫监测、灌溉情况监测及农作物生长情况监测等，是利用以遥感技术为主的空间信息技术通过对大面积农田、土地进行航拍，从航拍的图片、摄像资料中充分、全面地了解农作物的生长环境、周期等各项指标，从灌溉到土壤变异，再到肉眼无法发现的病虫害、细菌侵袭，指出出现问题的区域，从而便于农民更好地进行田间管理。无人机农田信息监测具有范围大、时效强和客观准确的优势，是常规监测手段无法企及的。

2002年，美国宇航局已将无人机用于农田信息监测，Pathfinder-Plus太阳能无人机搭载高分辨率彩色多光谱成像仪，用来监督Kauai咖啡公司的1500hm²种植区杂草爆发、暴露灌溉及施肥异常等情况。

除美国之外，西班牙也早有人使用无人机搭载光谱设备，用于测试在400～800nm光谱区内叶片的胡萝卜素含量，以模拟葡萄树的反射率的先例。Information monitoring of UAV on farms mainly includes pest monitoring and irrigation monitoring and crop growth monitoring, using the technology of spatial information based on remote sensing technology, through aerial of large areas of farmland, land, from aerial images, video data, fully understand crops growth environment, period and other indicators, from irrigation to soil variability, to the naked eye can not be found in the plant diseases and insect pests, bacterial invasion, regional problems are pointed out, so as to be convenient for the farmer in field management. UAV farmland information monitoring has the advantages with large range, timeliness, objectivity and accuracy, is beyond the conventional monitoring means.

In 2002, NASA used UAV for farmland information monitoring, solar Pathfinder-Plus UAV equipped with high resolution color multi spectral imager, was supervising weed outbreak, irrigation and fertilization with 1500hm2 planting area of Kauai coffee company.

In addition to the United States, Spain has long been the use of unmanned aerial vehicle that equipped with spectral equipment for testing the carotene content in the 400 ~ 800nm spectral region of the leaves, set an important precedent in order to simulate the reflectivity of the grape tree.

三、农业保险勘察Agricultural Insurance Survey

农作物在生长过程中难免遭受自然灾害的侵袭，使得农民受损。对于拥有小面积农作物的农户来说，受灾区域勘察并非难事，但是当农作物大面积受到自然侵害时，农作物查勘定损工作量极大，其中最难以准确界定的就是损失面积问题。

农业保险公司为了更为有效地测定实际受灾面积，进行农业保险灾害损失勘察，将无人机应用到农业保险赔付中。无人机具有机动快速的响应能力、高分辨率图像和高精度定位数据获取能力、多种任务设备的应用拓展能力、便利的系统维护等技术特点，可以高效地进行受灾定损任务。通过航拍查勘获取数据、对航拍图片进行后期处理与技术分析，并与实地丈量结果进行比较校正，保险公司可以更为准确地测定实际受灾面积。无人机受灾定损，解决了农业保险赔付中勘察定损难、缺少时效性等问题，大大提高了勘查工作的速度，节约了大量的人力物力，在提高效率的同时确保了农田赔付勘察的准确性。Crops inevitably suffered the invasion from natural disasters in the growth process, which caused the farmer to suffer the loss made the damage. To have a small area of the crop farmers, affected area reconnaissance is not difficult, but when a large area of crops is aggrieved by the natural factors,need a lot of work to assess the damage survey of crops, of these, which is most difficult to accurately define the loss area.

In order to more effectively determine the actual disaster area, the agricultural insurance company will survey agricultural disaster damage. The UAV is applied to agricultural insurance coverage. UAV has a mobile rapid respons e ability, high resolution image and high precision positioning data acquisition capabilities, a variety of mission