环境科学专业英语考试资料

第一单元：

环境科学的定义：Environment (from the French environner : to encircle or surround) can be defined as(1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or(2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.(环境(从法国environner:环绕或包围)可以被定义为(1)周围环境或条件有机体或一组生物,或(2)复杂的社会或文化环境影响个人或社区。) Environmental science, then, is the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. (环境科学,是我们的环境和我们的系统研究合适的位置。)

The study of human social development activities and environmental evolution, the interaction relationship between seeking co-evolution of human society and environment and sustainable development way and the method of science.(环境科学是一门研究人类社会发展活动与环境演化规律之间相互作用关系，寻求人类社会与环境协同演化、持续发展途径与方法的的科学。)

As distinguished economist Barbara Ward points out, for an increasing number of environmental issues, the difficulty is not to identify remedies,remedies are now well understood. （作为杰出的经济学家芭芭拉·沃德指出,越来越多的环境问题,困难并不是确定补救措施,补救措施现在很好理解。)

Perhaps the most amazing feature of our planet is the rich diversity of life that exists here. (也许最惊人的特点我们的星球是生活的丰富多样性存在。)

While there are many things to appreciate and celebrate about the world on which we live, many pressing environmental problems cry out for out attention. Human populations have grown at alarming rates in this century. Nearly 6000 million people now occupy the earth and we are adding 100 million more each year. In the next decade, our numbers will increase by nearly as many as are now alive in China. Most of the growth will be in the poorer countries where resources and services are already strained by present populations.(虽然有很多事情要欣赏和庆祝我们生活的这个世界,许多紧迫的环境问题迫切需要关注。本世纪人类以惊人的速度增长。近60亿人占领地球,我们现在每年增加1亿多。在未来十年,我们的数量将增加近现在在中国活着。大部分的增长将在贫穷国家资源和服务已经紧张的人群。)

Some demographers believe that this unprecedented growth rate will slow in the century and that the population might eventually drop back below its present size. 一些人口统计学家认为,这一前所未有的增长速度将放缓的世纪,人口可能最终回落低于目前的规模。

Food shortages and famines already are too familiar in many places and may increase in frequency and severity if population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue at the same rate in the future as they have in the past.粮食短缺和饥荒已经太熟悉的在很多地方,可能增加的频率和严重程度如果人口增长,土壤侵蚀和养分耗竭继续以同样的速度在未来,因为他们过去

Water deficits and contamination of existing water supplies threaten to be critical environmental issues in the future for agricultural production as well as for domestic and industrial use.水赤字和现有水源的污染可能是至关重要的环境问题在未来农业生产以及国内和工业使用

How we obtain and use energy is likely to play a crucial role in our environmental future. Fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas) presently supply about 80% of the energy used in industrialized countries. Supplies of these fuels are diminishing at an alarming rate and problems associated with their acquisition and use-air and water pollution, mining damage,