环境科学专业英语考试资料

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环境科学专业英语考试资料

第一单元：环境科学的定义：Environment (from the French environner: to encircle or surround) can be defined as(1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or(2) the plex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or munity.(环境(从法国environner:环绕或包围)可以被定义为(1)周围环境或条件有机体或一组生物,或(2)复杂的社会或文化环境影响个人或社区。

)Environmental science, then, is the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. (环境科学,是我们的环境和我们的系统研究适宜的位置。

)The study of human social development activities and environmental evolution, the interaction relationship between seeking co-evolution of human society and environment and sustainable development way and the method of science.(环境科学是一门研究人类社会开展活动与环境演化规律之间相互作用关系，寻求人类社会与环境协同演化、持续开展途径与方法的的科学。

)As distinguished economist Barbara Ward points out, for an increasing number of environmental issues, the difficulty is not to identify remedies,remedies are now well understood.〔作为出色的经济学家芭芭拉·沃德指出,越来越多的环境问题,困难并不是确定补救措施,补救措施现在很好理解。

环境科学专业英语期末试题答案

1.BOD：Biological Oxygen Demand2.TOC：Total Organic Carbon3.VSS：V olatile Suspended Solid4.CBA：Cost Benefit Analysis5.NPS：New Production Skill1.富营养化：Eutrophication2.活性淤泥：activated sludge3.反向渗透：reverse osmosis4.新陈代谢：metabolization5.曝气池：aeration tank1.Process whereby water changes from liquid to gas.Evaporation2.The physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us.Environment3.One treatment process aimed to dispose the suspended solids and grits in thewastewater.Primary treatment4.The process by which wastes are converted into environment friendly endproducts with the help of microorganism.Biodegradation5.The process in which suspended solids joined together to settle down withflocculant.FlocculationIn every society it is necessary to have a general system of laws to ensure justice. Laws are designed to make certain that people's rights are protected and that people respect each other's rights. Sometimes, however, laws are passed which are specific to a time or situation. For example, a town in Indiana once passed a law making it illegal to shoot open a can of food. Apparently, some gun-carrying citizens forgot their can openers and naturally enough, used their guns to do the job. This disturbed other citizens, and endangered their lives, so a law was passed to prevent it. Specific lawssometimes remain in existence long after the problem has disappeared. The laws then seem strange. For example, the Indiana law was no longer necessary when citizens stopped carrying guns and using them as can openers. Since the law was no longer needed, what once made sense now seems like nonsense.Sometimes laws designed to serve a good purpose were passed but somehow these became mixed up in their wording. As a result, the laws don't make sense. In one state there is a law which says that it is "illegal to move or to attempt to move a motor vehicle." Obviously, a massive traffic jam would occur if everyone suddenly obeyed that law. But no one does, of course, because the intention of the law was not to prevent owners from moving their own cars. It was to prevent people from moving (stealing) other people's cars.It is often harder to repeal a law than to pass one, so many of these old laws remain in existence. Because they no longer fit the way people live or because the problem no longer exists, these laws are ignored. Everyone understands that and life goes on. Thus, laws that once made very good sense, now seem like nonsense.1. According to the passage, laws are designed for the purpose of __A__.A. protecting people's rightsB. making people respect each otherC. preventing gun-carryingD. punishing criminals2. The word "job" in paragraph 1 refers to ___C____.A. workingB. shootingC. opening a canD. disturbing others3. The author used the Indiana law as an example to explain ___C___.A. how some laws are passed and changedB. how people in Indiana open cansC. why some laws may seem strangeD why people in Indiana no longer use their guns4. What's the problem with the law concerning motor vehicles? B .A. It leads to traffic jams.B. It is not clearly written.C. It is not designed to serve a good purpose.D. It has been out of date.5. We can conclude from the passage that ____D_____.A. a law system is necessary for every societyB. some laws that don't make sense may also get passedC. it is more difficult to change the old law than pass a new oneD. some laws may seem strange as time passesPassage2It is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in Japan. Yet even now its effect are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. Much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such terrifying thing from happening again. So far there is no guarantee that it will not. Countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth.But this is not all. Other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poor nations, but it also means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.The generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. Because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electiricity has increased, One of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium produced from nuclear fuel:plutonium is ingredient in bomb-making.This brings the problem to a full circle again. How can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man?6. In the writer’s view, effects of dropping the first atomic bomb D .A are not overB may gone on foreverC could last much longerD will not be over in the near future7. The writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured toD .A wipe out JapanB last foreverC act as a peacr-keeping deviceD destroy all living things8. The writer believes that the advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it B .A gives them more opportunities for workB will help poor countries to become richerC will enable them to make better explosivesD will be of great value to them9. The writer implies that most people today do not reject nuclear weapons becauseC .A they are unimportantB they think that their existence will prevent countries from going to warC they are stored out of the wayD they have become accutomed to them10. The second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity todayD .A has led to the decrease in supplies of oilB means that more countries are interested in nuclear powerC has increased the risk of accidental explosionsD has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs1.Catalyst is the chemical which can be used repeatedly in a reaction withoutbeing consumed.催化剂是在反应过程中可重复使用且不会消失的化学物质。

英语环境科学英语40题

英语环境科学英语40题1. Which of the following is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. WindD. Natural gas答案：C。

本题考查可再生资源的概念。

选项 A 煤炭、选项 B 石油和选项 D 天然气都是不可再生资源，而选项 C 风能是可再生资源。

2. What causes air pollution?A. PlantsB. Clean waterC. Factory emissionsD. Beautiful scenery答案：C。

本题考查造成空气污染的原因。

选项A 植物有助于净化空气；选项 B 清洁的水与空气污染无关；选项 D 美丽的风景也不会导致空气污染；而选项C 工厂排放物会造成空气污染。

3. Which of the following is not a way to save water?A. Taking short showersB. Leaving the tap runningC. Fixing leaky faucetsD. Using a bucket to wash the car答案：B。

本题考查节约用水的方法。

选项 A 缩短淋浴时间、选项 C 修理漏水的水龙头和选项 D 用桶洗车都是节约用水的方式；选项B 让水龙头一直开着会浪费水。

4. What is the main cause of deforestation?A. Planting more treesB. Building housesC. WildfiresD. Logging for wood答案：D。

本题考查森林砍伐的主要原因。

选项A 种植更多树木是保护森林；选项B 建造房屋不是主要原因；选项C 野火可能导致部分树木受损，但不是主要的砍伐原因；选项D 为获取木材而伐木是导致森林砍伐的主要原因。

5. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxideD. Hydrogen答案：C。

高一英语环境科学单选题40题

高一英语环境科学单选题40题1.The gas that is mainly responsible for global warming is_____.A.oxygenB.nitrogenC.carbon dioxideD.hydrogen答案解析：C。

carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）是主要导致全球变暖的气体。

A 选项oxygen（氧气）是维持生命所必需的气体，但不是导致全球变暖的主要气体。

B 选项nitrogen（（氮气）在大气中含量很多，但也不是导致全球变暖的主要气体。

D 选项hydrogen（（氢气）一般不作为导致全球变暖的主要因素。

2.The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into food is called_____.A.photosynthesisB.respirationC.fermentationD.digestion答案解析：A。

photosynthesis（光合作用）是植物将二氧化碳和水转化为食物的过程。

B 选项respiration（（呼吸作用）是生物体将有机物氧化分解并产生能量的过程。

C 选项fermentation（（发酵）是微生物将有机物转化为其他物质的过程。

D 选项digestion（（消化）是生物体将食物分解为可吸收物质的过程。

3.The natural habitat where a particular species lives is called_____.A.ecosystemB.biomeC.habitatmunity答案解析：C。

habitat（（栖息地）是特定物种生活的自然环境。

A 选项ecosystem（生态系统）是由生物群落和其生存的环境共同组成的系统。

B 选项biome（（生物群系）是具有相似气候和生态特征的大片区域。

D 选项community（（群落）是生活在一定区域内的各种生物种群的集合。

环境科学与工程专业英语

环境科学与工程专业英语第一篇：环境科学与工程专业英语一、单词/词组（考试时要求：中译英/英译中）环境科学：environmental science环境工程：environmental engineering定量环境科学：quantitative environmental science 定性环境科学：qualitative environmental science 衰减再生：decay and recycling新陈代谢率：metabolic rates外来物质：foreign matter研究和发展：Research and Development一次大气污染物：primary air pollutant 二次大气污染物：secondary air pollutant氧含量：Oxygen content点源：point sources沥青残留物：asphaltic residue酸雨：acid rain设备维护：facilities maintenance废物最小化：waste minimization正常浓度：normal concentration胡乱收集：magpie collection需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required 闭合回路：closed-loop微生物：microbe/microorganisms揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测：air-quality monitoring氧化剂：oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭：activated carbon质量控制：quality control海轮：ocean liner挥发性化学物质：volatile chemicals沙漠化：desertification火山喷发：volcanic eruption间歇源：intermittent sources衡量浓度：trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates风化：wind erosion不完全燃烧：incomplete combustion化石燃料：fossil fuels液滴：liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的（三价磷）phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的（五价）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸盐，碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT21.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版-练习答案-(1)

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1.We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend.[单选题] *A.thatB.whatC.whoD.why(正确答案)2.Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish.[单选题] *A.喜欢(正确答案)B.关心C.照料D.在乎3.Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A.fillB.fill in(正确答案)C.fill toD.fill with4.—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A.likeB.would lookC.would like(正确答案)D.take5. There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *A.is itB.isn't itC.isn't thereD.is there(正确答案)6. My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast.[单选题] *A.goesB.makesC.keeps(正确答案)D.gains7、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A.Yes, I wasB.No, I don’tC.Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D.No, that’s no problem8、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China.[单选题] *A.findB.findingC.to find(正确答案)D.to be found9、Don’t ______.He is OK.[单选题] *A.worriedB.worry(正确答案)C.worried aboutD.worry about10、Your homework must_______ tomorrow.[单选题] *A.hand inB.is handed inC.hands inD.be handed in(正确答案)11.Miss Smith is a friend of _____.[单选题] *A.Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B.Jack’s sisterC.Jack sister’sD.Jack sister12. Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____.[单选题] *A.more helpfulB.extremely helpfulC.very helpfulD.the most helpful(正确答案)13.3. Shanghai is my hometown.It’s ________ China.[单选题] *A. nearB. far away fromC. to the east ofD. in the east of(正确答案)14.—Can you play tennis?—______.But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A.Yes, I canB.Yes, I doC.No.I can’t(正确答案)D.No, I don’t15.There are many beautiful _______ in the wardrobe.[单选题] *A.bookB.dresses(正确答案)C.cell phoneD.grocery16.( ).The old man enjoys ______ stamps.And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A.collectB.collectedC.collecting(正确答案)D.to collect17、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people.（）[单选题] *A.could(正确答案)B.mustC.shouldD.would18、I am worried about my brother.I am not sure _____ he has arrived at the school or not.[单选题] *A.whether(正确答案)B.whatC.whenD.how19、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best.[单选题] *A.fruitB.vegetable(正确答案)C.drinkD.meat20、The three guests come from different _______.[单选题] *A.countryB.countrysC.countryesD.countries(正确答案)21.There _______ no water or milk in the fridge.[单选题] *A.is(正确答案)B.areC.hasD.have22.I _______ no idea of where the zoo is.[单选题] *A.thinkB.getC.have(正确答案)D.take23.--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A.workersB.nursesC.waitersD.teachers(正确答案)24.( ).I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A.interesting interestedB.interested interesting(正确答案)C.interested interestedD.interesting interesting25. While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye..[单选题] *A.have readB.was reading(正确答案)C.had readD.am reading26.I knocked on the door but _______ answered.[单选题] *A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobody(正确答案)D.everybody27、Researchers have spent five years collecting data（）the study is based.[单选题] *A.on thatB.in whichC.in thatD.on which(正确答案)28、Henry lives happily with his three cats._______ of them are part of his family.[单选题] *A.NoneB.BothC.All(正确答案)D.Neither29、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents.[单选题] *A.satisfactionB.development(正确答案)municationD.preparation30、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days.[单选题] *A.to goB.goesC.wentD.go(正确答案)。

（完整版）环境专业英语

（完整版）环境专业英语环境：environment 环境工程： environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing 水环境：watershed 水体：water body 流域：watershed水质：water quality 水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality index物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening 生物处理：biological treatment沉淀：sedimentation 化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment 蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution 扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping 好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment 二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment 高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater 生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater 电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater 浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness 水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent 活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank 中和池：neutralization tank 调节池：adjusting tank 生物反应池：biological reactor 加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank 初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank 絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant 生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation 飘尘：floating dust可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles 能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant 二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides 硝酸：nitric acid盐酸：hydrochloric acid 硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal 吸收：absorption 吸附：adsorption 静电除尘：electric dust precipitation 重力除尘：gravitational settling 臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke 喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity EIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design 大气污染控制工程：air pollution control 水污染控制工程：water pollution control 固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management 污染源：pollution source 同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes 危险废物：hazardous wastes 化学污泥chemical sludge生物污泥：biological sludge 工业固废：industrialwastes 分选处理：separation treatment 矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing 农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume 污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge 污泥浓缩：sludge thickening 带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering 筛分：screening 沼气和沼气化：biogas堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting 生物转化作用：biotransformation热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration 热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization 资源化：resource减量化：pollution control 无害化：harmlessness 物质转化：material conversion固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution 处置：disposal 物质回收：materials recovery control 固体废物处理：processing and recovery 能量回收：energy recovery能量转化：energy conversionenvironmental science 环境科学environmental engineering 环境工程 waste reduction 废物减量化 air pollution control 大气污染控制 wastewater treatment 污水处理solid waste treatment and disposal 固体废物处理与处置soil erosion 水土流失 thermal pollution 热污染 biological communities 生物群落ecosystem 生态系统green science and technology 绿色科技和技术primary pollutant: 一次污染物 secondary pollutant: 二次污染物 carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳methane: 甲烷fossil fuel: 化石（矿物）燃料 power plant: 电厂hydroelectric power: 水力发电clean energy: 清洁能源renewable energy:可再生能源automobile exhaust (emission): 汽车尾气greenhouse effect (gas): 温室效应（气体）air pollution control engineering: 大气污染控制工程cyclone: 旋风除尘器pressure drop: 压力损失，压力降baghouse: 袋式除尘器operating temperature: 操作温度spray tower:喷淋塔 sanitarylandfill:卫生填埋municipal wastewater=sewage=domestic sewage= sanitary sewage: 市政污水，生活污水point source: 点源non-point source: 非点源（面源）pretreatment: 预处理primary treatment: 初（一）级处理secondary treatment: 二级处理tertiary or advanced treatment: 三级处理，深度处理 trickling filter: 滴滤池 activated sludge: 活性污泥 bar rack or screen: 格栅grit chamber: 沉砂池 equalization tank: 调节池 primary settling tank: 初沉池secondary settling tank: 二沉池sustainable development: 可持续发展 recycling economy: 循环经济the sources and sinks of pollutants: 污染物的源与汇 aeration tank: 曝气池aerator: 曝气池，曝气器sedimentation tank: 沉淀池disinfection: 消毒 eutrophication: 富营养化 oxidation ditch: 氧化沟aerobic decomposition 好氧分解 anoxic decomposition缺氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解hydraulic retention time: （水力）停留时间flue gas: 烟气 biodegradable: 可生物降解的 refractory: 难降解的（常用）nondegradable: 不可降解的 acoustical material: 声学材料 soil conditioner: 土壤改良剂 extreme temperature: 极端温度 environmental quality: 环境质量Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water 地表水环境质量标准Ambient Air Quality Standards 环境空气质量标准Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 声环境质量标准缩略词：EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment, 环境影响评价SS：Suspended Solid 悬浮物BOD：Biochemical Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量 TOC: Total Organic Carbon 总有机碳WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant 污水处理厂SBR: Sequencing Batch Reactor 序批式反应池 RBC: Rotating Biological Contactor 生物转盘 SRT: Sludge Retention Time 污泥龄（污泥停留时间） EPA: Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ISO: International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织 EMS: Environmental Management System 环境管理系统 RS: Remote Sensing 遥感GPS: Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GIS: Geographic Information System 地理信息系统TSP: Total Suspended Particulates 总悬浮颗粒物。

人大环境科学专业英语试卷

人大环境科学专业英语试卷The Environment Science Major English Test Paper。

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions。

1. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?a) Carbon dioxide。

b) Methane。

c) Nitrous oxide。

d) Oxygen。

2. The ozone layer is located in which part of the Earth's atmosphere?a) Troposphere。

b) Stratosphere。

c) Mesosphere。

d) Thermosphere。

3. What is the primary cause of acid rain?a) Carbon dioxide emissions。

b) Volcanic eruptions。

c) Deforestation。

d) Sulfur dioxide emissions。

4. The process of converting waste materials into reusable materials is called:a) Recycling。

b) Composting。

c) Incineration。

d) Landfilling。

5. Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?a) Solar power。

b) Wind power。

c) Nuclear power。

d) Hydropower。

Section B: Short Answer Questions。

1. Define biodiversity and explain why it is important for the environment.Biodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal species in a particular habitat or ecosystem. It is important for the environment as it contributes to ecosystem stability, resilience, and productivity. Biodiversity also provides essential ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and water purification.2. Discuss the main causes and impacts of deforestation.Deforestation is primarily caused by human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanization. It has significant impacts on the environment, including loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and disruption of local water cycles. Deforestation also contributes to climate change and threatens the livelihoods of indigenous communities.3. Explain the concept of sustainable development and provide an example.Sustainable development refers to the practice of meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic, social, and environmental factors. An example of sustainable development is the promotion of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, which reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate climate change.4. Describe the process of eutrophication and its consequences.Eutrophication is the excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to increased growth of algae and other aquatic plants. This excessive plant growth depletes oxygen levels in the water, leading to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. Eutrophication also disrupts the balance of ecosystems and can result in the loss of biodiversity.Section C: Essay Questions。

环境工程英语试题及答案

环境工程英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of converting pollutants into less harmful substances is known as ________.A. pollutionB. environmental engineeringC. waste managementD. pollution control2. Which of the following is not a primary pollutant?A. Sulfur dioxideB. Nitrogen oxidesC. Particulate matterD. Ground-level ozone3. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is to ________.A. remove harmful substancesB. recycle water for reuseC. both A and BD. neither A nor B4. What is the term used to describe the process of removing contaminants from soil?A. soil remediationB. soil conservationC. soil erosionD. soil fertilization5. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to ________.A. global warmingB. acid rainC. ozone depletionD. nuclear waste6. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?A. coalB. natural gasC. solar energyD. oil7. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by ________.A. carbon monoxideB. carbon dioxideC. methaneD. all of the above8. What is the term for the process of breaking down organic matter by microorganisms?A. decompositionB. combustionC. incinerationD. digestion9. The use of bioremediation involves ________.A. chemical reactionsB. biological processesC. mechanical processesD. thermal processes10. The most common method for measuring air quality is through ________.A. air samplingB. water samplingC. soil samplingD. noise level measurement二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ is a set of international rules aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.2. ________ is the process of treating and purifying water to make it safe for human consumption.3. ________ is a type of pollution that affects the quality of the air we breathe.4. The ________ is a global environmental issue that refers to the loss of biodiversity.5. ________ is a method of waste management that involves the controlled burning of waste.6. ________ is the science of studying the impact of human activities on the environment.7. ________ is a term used to describe the sustainable use of natural resources.8. ________ is a type of pollution that affects the quality of water bodies.9. ________ is a renewable energy source that can be used to generate electricity.10. ________ is the process of removing contaminants from the environment.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between primary and secondary pollutants.2. Describe the role of environmental impact assessments in environmental engineering.3. What are the main challenges faced in solid waste management?4. Discuss the importance of sustainable development in environmental engineering.四、论述题（20分）Discuss the role of environmental engineering in addressing climate change, including the strategies and technologies used to mitigate and adapt to its effects.答案：一、选择题1-5 DCBDA6-10 CDBCA二、填空题1. Kyoto Protocol2. Water purification3. Air pollution4. Biodiversity loss5. Incineration6. Environmental science7. Sustainable development8. Water pollution9. Wind energy10. Remediation三、简答题1. Primary pollutants are those that are directly emitted from a source, such as sulfur dioxide from a power plant. Secondary pollutants are formed in the environment as aresult of chemical reactions between primary pollutants, such as ground-level ozone formed from nitrogen oxides andvolatile organic compounds.2. Environmental impact assessments are used to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or action. They help identify ways to minimize negative impacts and enhance positive ones, ensuring that development is sustainable.3. Challenges in solid waste management include waste generation rates outpacing disposal capacity, lack of proper waste segregation, and inadequate recycling and composting facilities. Additionally, there is a need for public awareness and participation in waste reduction and recycling efforts.4. Sustainable development is crucial in environmental engineering as it ensures that environmental protection and economic growth can coexist. It involves using resources efficiently, reducing waste, and protecting ecosystems to meet the needs of the present without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs.四、论述题Environmental engineering plays a critical role in addressing climate change by developing and implementing strategies and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase resilience to climate impacts. Mitigation strategies include carbon capture and storage, energy efficiency improvements,and the promotion of renewable energy sources. Adaptation strategies involve designing infrastructure to withstand more extreme weather events, implementing water conservation measures, and developing early warning systems for natural disasters. Technologies such as smart grids。

环境工程专业英语考试(完整版)

LESSON2:生态学The science of ecology defines(定义)”ecosystems”as groups of organisms which interact with each other and the physical environment,and which affect the population of the various species in the environment.┃Some ecosystems are fragile(脆弱的),while others ate resilient(能恢复的)and able to withstand(承受)even serious perturbations(混乱).One characteristic of aresilient ecosystemis that more than one species fills a“niche(食物链中一环)”within that system.┃Engineers must appreciate(评价)the fundamental(基本的)principles of ecology,and design with the environment,so as not to impact adversely on especially fragile ecosystems.The inclusion(包含加速)of ecological principles in engineering decisions is a major component of the environmental engineering profession.
环境与生态:LESSON1:环境与环境工程To the environmental engineer,the wordenvironmentmay take on global dimensions(维面积尺度),may refer to a very localized(局部化地方化)area in which a specific problemmust be addressed(致辞谈到),or may,in the case of contained environments,refer to a small volume of liquid,gaseous(气的),or solid materials within a treatment-plant(处理厂)reactor(反应器).┃The global environmentconsists of the atmosphere(大气圈),the hydrosphere(水圈),the lithosphere(岩石圈)in which the life-sustaining(供养)resources of the earth arecontained.┃The biosphere(生物圈),a thin shell that encapsulates(密封加浓)the earth,is made up of the atmosphere andlithosphereadjacent(接近的临近的)to the surface of the earth,together with the hydrosphere and the life forms of earth.┃Life-sustainingmaterials in gaseous,liquid,and solid forms are cycled though thebiosphere,providing sustenance to all living organisms(生物).Life-sustaining resources(air,food,water)are withdrawn from the biosphere.It is also into the biosphere that waste products in gaseous,liquid and solid forms are discharged(排放).┃Environment engineeringhas been defined as the branch of engineering thatis concerned with(关心)protecting the environment from the potential(潜在的),deleterious(有害的)effects of human activity,protecting human populations from the effect of adverse environmental factors,and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being(幸福福利).┃Humans interactwith their environment(sometimes adversely impacting the environment and sometimes being adversely impacted by pollutants in the environment.An understanding of the nature of the environment and of human interaction with it is a necessaryprerequisite(前提)to understanding the workfortheenvironmental engineering.

（完整版）环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇

（完整版）环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。

环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry 环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water 孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids 悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮（红潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollutiontoxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material 土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity 事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test 稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerantspecies生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis 臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential 溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer 原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph 气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry 重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning 脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator 湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid 碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank 重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator 机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator 曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process 污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter 水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system 氧化塘oxidation pond 好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tank intermittent aeration tank system(需氧池－间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludgeblanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine 液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation 污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentration(LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control 排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system 环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label 清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution 《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco-environmental protection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard 大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management 集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations 绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 国民生产净值net national production(NNP)国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control 公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutantgeneration/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。

资源环境科学专业英语考试(修订版)

(修改版)（Ⅰ）Vocabulary and phrase （词汇和短语）20分东江流域Dongjiang basin地表径流surface runoff海洋盆地ocean basin地下水ground water气候变化climate change化石燃料fossil fuels水文循环hydrologic cycle大陆板块continental landmass生物多样性biological diversity / biodiversity 自然风景式园林the landscape garden 视觉隔断visual break园林学landscape architecture自然保护区nature conservation area过渡带transition zone土地利用类型land use pattern湖岸区embankment area景观发展规划landscape development plan 亚热带subtropical zone可持续发展sustainable development横断面cross section（Ⅱ）Reading comprehension （阅读理解）20分（Ⅲ）Cloze （完形填空）20分scientific paper The writing 结构1、Title(标题)2、Author(s)（作者）3、Affiliation(s) and Address(es)（关系和地址）4、Abstract（摘要）5、Keywords（关键词）6、Main Body（主体）7、Acknowledgement（致谢）8、References（参考文献）9、Appendices（附录）Main Body分为：Introduction介绍Materials and Methods材料和理论Results结果Discussion议论Conclusion结论...的研究：A study on ... Studies of the ... Research on ......的方法：Methods of ... A Computational Method of ... An Improvement of the Methods of ... ...的分析：An Analysis of ... Analysis and Calculation of ......的影响：The Effect of ... Influence of ... Influence on ......的设计：Design of ... Optimization Design of ......的实验：Experiments on ... Test of ... Experimental Study of .......的方案：A Scheme of ......的建议：A Suggestion on ......的探讨：Exploration on ......的规划：the planning of...的应用：the application of ... The use of ......的回顾：a review of...的进展：the progress of 研究进展research progress...的验证：verification of ......的评价：evaluation of ......的小结：a brief report of ...（Ⅳ）Translation （翻译）20分（两句很长）（1）Passing out of the Crystal Palace on our way to the outer ring of the town, we cross Fifth Avenue--lined, as are all the roads of the town, with trees--fronting which, and looking on to the Crystal Palace, we find a ring of very excellently built houses, each standing in its own ample grounds; and, as we continue our walk, we observe that the houses are for the most part built either in concentric rings, facing the various avenues (as the circular roads are termed), or fronting the boulevards and roads which all converge to the centre of the town.(从哪里出到一个什么地方，然后就穿越第五大道,大道两边绿树成荫，面朝第五大道跟水晶宫相对的地方，有一个气势非常雄伟的一个建筑，每栋建筑都在一个很开阔的地方上面，继续往前走的话，这些建筑大多要么建设在一个同心环的道路上，面向被称为环城路的道路而立，要么的傲林着市政府的林荫大道和条条大道。

环境科学与工程专业英语

环境科学与工程专业英语U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?1.句子英译中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。

(2）Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高，增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。

（3）Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。

（4）Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。

结识合作伙伴，分享理念。

2.词组英译中Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化；in-process 在…过程中；housekeeping家务管理；equipment modification设备改进；landfills废物填埋场；biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂；volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质；management commitment管理委员会。

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write2、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite3、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free4、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of5、What’s the price and what sort of _______ do you offer? [单选题] *A. advantageB. accountC. displayD. discount(正确答案)6、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn7、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English8、Across the river（）. [单选题] *A. lies a new built bridgeB.lies a newly built bridge(正确答案)C. a new built bridge liesD.a newly built bridge lies9、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)10、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about11、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new12、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)13、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching14、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)15、He gathered his courage and went on writing music. [单选题] *A. 从事B. 靠······谋生C. 继续(正确答案)D. 致力于16、She works in a hospital. She is a(n) _______. [单选题] *A. managerB. engineerC. doctor(正确答案)D. patient17、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] * A．to ride (正确答案)B．ridingC．ridesD．ride18、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest19、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)20、Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see _______. [单选题] *A. herB. him(正确答案)C. itD. them21、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评22、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.（）[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings23、My brother often does ______ homework first after school.（）[单选题] *A. heB. his(正确答案)C. sheD. her24、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)25、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much26、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)27、80．Thousands of ________ from other countries visit the village every year. [单选题] * A．robotsB．postcardsC．tourists(正确答案)D．bridges28、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)29、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have30、I was astonished when I heard that Louise was getting married. [单选题] *A. 惊讶(正确答案)B. 气愤C. 高兴D. 想念。

环境科学专业英语2

You bet ：当然, 真的, 的确，肯定地,没问题. 例句: 1. You bet it is. 一定是这样。 2. They won‘t make it, you bet. 他们肯定办不成。 3. "Were you frightened by that bull? " "Frightened? You bet I was; I was scared out of skin! " "那头公牛把你吓坏了吧？""吓坏了？的确是吓坏了；我被吓得魂不附体了！" (俚）当然，的确，一定 "Will you tell her?"你会告诉她吗？ "You bet(I will)."当然（会）啦！ bet 原意为打赌，这里就有你跟我打赌吧，你准能嬴的，一种表示肯定的意思。是一种酷酷的年轻人的表达方式。所以，you bet 就等于of course，当然的意思。
psychological factors, and educational levels.
Writing
1) What is overpopulation?
2) What is the root cause for the explosion of world population? 3) What are the negative trends with the population explosion? 4) What methods should we take for stopping population growth?
Starvation: The act or process of starving. 饥饿：挨饿的行为或过程.
Quadruple: To become multiplied or multiply by four. 使成四倍. Family planning: 计划生育.

环境科学与工程专业英语

1环境工程与科学Environmental Engineering and Science2环境监测与评价Environmental monitoring and assessment 3温室气体greenhouse gases4地表水the surface water浅层水the subsurface water地下水the ground water5环境影响评（EIA）environmental impact assessment6臭氧层减少ozone depletion7沙漠化desertification8点源point sources非点源nonpoint sources9初级污染物primary pollutant次级污染物secondary pollutant10光化学烟雾photochemical smog11室内污染indoor air pollution12固体及有害废弃物污染solid and hazardous waste pollution 13生物多样性减少biodiversity loss14传统决策traditional decision making15原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment16不可再生资源nonrenewable resources17生态示范区ecological demonstrate area18保护林protection forest19环境危机environmental crisis20环境预测environmental forecasting21环境效应environmental effect22环境承载力environmental capacity23环境演化evolution of environment24草地退化grassland degeneration25水中悬浮物suspended solids26孔隙水void water27岩溶水karst water28流域保护water basin protection29淡水fresh water海水salt water30降雨量amount of precipitation降雨强度intensity of precipitation31 海洋倾倒ocean dumping32水力工程hydro-engineering33水环境功能区function district of water environment34土壤肥力soil fertility33土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity36土壤盐渍化soil salination37土壤酸化soil acidification38缓冲能力buffer capacity39盐基饱和度base saturation percentage40污水灌溉wastewater irrigation41事后评价afterwards assessment42大气扩散atmospheric diffusion43而授限度limits of tolerance44生命周期评价life cycle assessment45慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test46生物富集bioaccumulation47生物浓缩bioconcentration48生物放大biomagnification49边缘效应edge effect50总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)51化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand (COD)52生物化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)53总有机碳total organic carbon （TOC）54活性碳active carbon55萃取剂extracting agent56有机高分子絮凝剂organic pdymer flocculant57固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution58环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant59回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis60相关系数correlation coefficient61系数误差systematic error62随机误差random error63土壤修复soil-remediation64绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity65热辐射thermal radiation湍流扩散turbulent diffusion66煤的综合利用comprehensive-utilization of coal67清洁生产cleaner production68采矿排水mining drainage69分子筛吸附NOx化物过程control of NOx by adsorption process with molecular sieve 70公害public nuisance71涡流eddy current72富营养化废水eutrophic wastewater73富营养化eutrophication74中度营养湖泊mesotrophic lake75贫营养湖泊oligotropic lake76腐殖质化humification77土壤质地soil texture78海水淡化desalination of seawater79检出限detection limit80生态位niche81生态型ecotype82表面活性剂surfactant83光催化作用photo catalysis84催化作用catalysis85格栅grill86筛网grid screen87气浮池floatation basin88微电解法micro-electroanalysis89微生物合成代谢micro-organism synthetic metabolism90杀菌sterilization91紫外光消毒disinfection with ultroviolet vays92除味taste removal93脱臭odor removal94脱色decoloration95污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥硝化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干燥sludge drying96陆地填埋landfill97焚烧incineration98渗滤液处理leachate treatment99最大允许浓度maximum permissible concentration100理境伦理学environmental ethics101环境适宜度environmental suitability102排放总量控制total discharge control of pollutant103谁污染谁治理pollutant-treats104谁开发谁保护explorer-protects105国家级生态示范区national ecological demonstration area106环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management I07环境标记物environmental label108外部经济性external economics外部非经济性external diseconomics109生态足迹the ecological footprint110代际公平equality between generation111公众参与public participantion112回收水系统water reuse system113绿化用水greenbelt sprinkling114自然沉降plain sedimentation115过程水process water116未预见用水量unforeseen water demand117絮凝沉淀coagulation sedimentation118垃圾处理sewage disposal119居民生活垃圾domestic sewage居民生活污水domestic water120市政垃圾municipal sewage121水体自净self-purification of waterbodies122一级处理primary treatment二级处理secondary treatment生物处理biological treatment123活性污泥处理activated sludge process124污泥焚烧sludge incinerationThe answer to this question requires detailed analyse of local conditions and needs,application of scientific knowledge and engineering judgement based on past experience，and consideration of federal，state，and local regulations.要解答这个问题首先需要详细的分析当地的实际情况和需求，其次需要应用科学知识和基于经验的工程决断，最后考虑联邦，州和当地法规。

环境科学专业英语 03

生命或生态系统。
5.Tenet ['tenɪt]
Company tenet 企业宗旨；公司宗旨；企业主旨
serve tenet 服务宗旨
Eg. “All performance starts with clear goals” is a basic tenet
of management. “任何行动皆源于明确的目标”，这是管理的基本宗旨。
3.Make up 组成，构成
Eg. They'll do all they can to make up the economic losses. 他们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。 4.Ecosystem 生态系统 prairie ecosystem 草原生态系统
microbial ecosystem [微] 微生物生态系统 Eg. Without water, we would not be able to grow the food we eat, to sustain ourselves or the ecosystem. 没有水，我们就不能种植我们所吃的食物，不能维持我们的
19.Stable inorganic compound 稳定的无机化合物
Stable
n. 马厩；牛棚
adj. 稳定的；牢固的；坚定的
vi. 被关在马厩
vt. 赶入马房
stable isotope [核] 稳定同位素；[核] 稳定性同位素 stable price [物价] 稳定的价格；[物价] 稳定的物价 stable distribution [数] 稳定分布；[数] 稳态分布
18.Decomposer n. 分解体（分解已败死的原生质之有机体）；分解器
mercury decomposer 汞分解器

高三英语环境科学单选题40题

高三英语环境科学单选题40题1. In an effort to protect the environment, we should reduce the use of _____.A.pollutionsB.contaminationsC.pollutantsD.dirtiness答案：C。

“pollutants”意为污染物，符合保护环境要减少使用污染物的语境。

“pollutions”泛指污染，比较宽泛，不如“pollutants”具体；“contaminations”主要指污染、弄脏，侧重的是被污染的状态；“dirtiness”是肮脏，不特指环境中的污染物。

2. The main cause of water pollution is the discharge of _____.A.wastesB.garbagesC.rubbishD.sewage答案：D。

“sewage”是污水，是造成水污染的主要原因之一。

“wastes”泛指废物，范围太广；“garbages”和“rubbish”主要指垃圾，不是造成水污染的主要原因。

3. The increase in greenhouse gases leads to global _____.A.warmingsB.heatsC.temperaturesD.warms答案：A。

“global warmings”全球变暖，固定表达。

“heats”热、高温；“temperatures”温度；“warms”温暖，均不符合语境。

4. The destruction of forests causes a loss of _____.A.biospheresB.ecosystemsC.environmentsD.natures答案：B。

“ecosystems”生态系统，森林破坏会导致生态系统的丧失。

“biospheres”生物圈；“environments”环境；“natures”自然，均不如“ecosystems”准确。

环境工程专业英语考题

环境工程专业英语考题第一篇：环境工程专业英语考题life expectancy：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air：烟雾弥漫的天空global conditions ：全球状况 haves and have-nots：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna：热带大草原，稀树草原predator：食肉动物，捕食者 environmental disruptions：环境破坏，环境失调primary pollutant一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物Air nitrous oxide一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide一氧化氮NOnitrogen dioxide二氧化氮(NO2)soot煤烟dust 灰尘smog烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide杀虫剂/ 农药VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制 Regulatory program调整项目Financial support 财政支持 Operating cost操作成本 Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质 Biological生物学的 Technologies技术、工艺 Inorganic air pollutants无机大气污染物treatment facilities处理设备per capita per day每人每天municipality市政当局,自治市population equivalent人口当量basement flooding地下室浸水runoff排水 domestic sewage生活污水type of terrain地形种类land disposal掩埋处置fecal coliform粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement严格的废水排assimilation capacity同化能力practical outlets可行的排出途径，现实出aquatic life水生生物detrimental to humanhealth 对人体健康有endogenous phase内源〔生长〕期flowmonitoring流量监测equipment age and reliability装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities机械设备microbial activity微生物活性activated sludge活性污泥controlling respiration控制呼吸 oxidation ditches氧化沟 on-line automation在线自动〔监测〕Precision and accuracy精密度和准确度Bulk collection 大量收集Matrix material 原材料Analysis sequence 分析序列Multivariate statistics 多元统计Interactive effect 相互影响农药—pesticide化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes 微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生--regeneration出口outlet多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维 syntheticfabric 捕集效率collection efficiency 机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing 压力降pressuredrop 焚化炉incinerator 气体离子gas ion 捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbonblack 尾气off-gas 可应用性applicability工业规模full-scale 土壤床soil bed 生物过滤biofilter 固定资本fixed capital易生物降解的easily biodegraded手动控制operatorcontrol/ manual control 最优化minimize the effects 微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis 质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics 氧化还原oxidation andreduction /redox 停留时间residence time 模拟simulation 参数parameter 水解hydrolysis 积分integral第二篇：2014环境工程专业英语大作业广西大学课程考试试卷专业英语大作业一、翻译1.The breadth and complexity of the environmental problems we face and the scientific, economic and social impediments to their solution emphasize how important it is that environmental scientists and engineers gain an appreciation for the processes and functioning of all environmental compartments — air, soil, water, and energy — and intentionally account for the long-term consequences and sustainability of the actions they propose, whether they be preventative or remedial.我们所面临的环境问题的广度和复杂程度以及对解决这个问题的科学的、经济的、社会的阻碍，都集中到了这样一个重要性：环境科学家与工程师们获得一个对多有环境因素诸如空气、石油、水、能量的流程和功能的判断，有意阐明所提议的行为的长期结果和可持续发展性，是否他们（环境问题）可以预防和补救。

高二英语环境科学单选题30题

高二英语环境科学单选题30题1. The _____ ecosystem is known for its high biodiversity, with a large variety of plants and animals living in it.A. desertB. forestC. tundraD. grassland答案解析：B。

forest（森林）生态系统以其高生物多样性而闻名，有大量各种各样的动植物生活其中。

desert（沙漠）生态系统生物多样性较低；tundra（苔原）气候寒冷，生物种类相对较少；grassland（草原）的生物多样性也不如森林丰富。

2. In the ocean ecosystem, coral reefs are very important. They are made up of _____.A. rocksB. sandC. the skeletons of small animalsD. seaweed答案解析：C。

在海洋生态系统中，珊瑚礁非常重要，它们是由小动物的骨骼组成的。

rocks（岩石）不是珊瑚礁的组成部分；sand（沙子）与珊瑚礁的组成无关；seaweed（海草）不是珊瑚礁的构成成分。

3. A healthy forest ecosystem can help prevent _____.A. soil erosionB. air pollutionC. water pollutionD. noise pollution答案解析：A。

健康的森林生态系统能够有助于防止土壤侵蚀soil erosion）。

森林的树木根系可以固定土壤。

虽然森林对减轻空气污染 air pollution）、水污染 water pollution）和噪音污染 noise pollution）也有一定作用，但在防止土壤侵蚀方面作用更为直接。

4. The _____ in a wetland ecosystem can filter pollutants from water.A. plantsB. fishC. birdsD. insects答案解析：A。