四种名词性从句讲解与练习

四种名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）讲解与练习

学习宾语从句

学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法（直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句（主从、表从、同位从）做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。

宾语从句三注意三特殊

一注意：注意引导词（连词）

由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略；由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether；由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what，when，where等。例如：Tom says (that) he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京。

He asked me if / whether I know his name. 他问我是否知道他的名字。

I want to know where you went yesterday. 我想知道你昨天去哪儿了。

二注意：注意从句语序

宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说，将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。例如：

Can you tell me what he is doing? 你能告诉我他正在做什么吗？

<特别提醒> 当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。例如：

Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？

I don’t know what is wrong with her.我不知道她出什么事了。

三注意：注意从句时态

主句为一般现在时态，则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态；但主句为一般过去时态时，宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如：

She tells me that she will come by train. 她说她将要坐火车来。

She told me that she would come by train. 她说她将要坐火车来。

<特别提醒> 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。例如：

Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。

习题：

（1）I don’t know ___________or not．

A．whether he is at home B．if he is at home

C．that he is at home D．whether is he at home

（2）This depends on _________ the weather is fine．

A．which B．whether C．if D．that

（3）The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．

A．which B．where C．if D．that

（4）I don’t know ________ Mr．Green will come to see us．He’ll help us with our English．A．why B．when C．how D．where

（5）－－－Be careful！Don’t break the bottles．Do you hear ______ I said? David?

－－－Yes，Mum

A．what B．that C．why D．if

类型二：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序

（1）Did you find out ______?

A．she was looking for whose child B．whose child was she looking for

C．whose child she is looking for D．whose child she was looking for

（2）Are you interested in _____?

A．how did he do it B．he did it how C．how he did it D．he how did it （3）I don’t know _____．Can you tell me?

A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players

C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are

（4）－－－What did the scientist say?

－－－He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．

A．he had to fly B．he could fly C．can he fly D．could he fly

（5）Excuse me，sir．Could you tell me ____?

A．Where the bank nearest B．where is the nearest bank

C．where the nearest bank is D．the nearest bank is where

类型三：时态

（1）It’s 7：30．I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet，Sally．

A．haven’t started B．didn’t C．don’t start D．hadn’t started

（2）The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．A．is B．was C．has been D．will be

（3）The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．

A．goes B．go C．went D．will go

（4）We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．

A．have passed B．had passed C．pass D．will pass

（5）“Could you tell me______?” “ Yes．They ____ to the library．”

A．where are the twins，have been B．where were the twins，have been