动词的ing-形式做主语和宾语

B4Unit 2 Grammar
The -ing form as the Subject and Object 动词的 ing 形式如何构成？有哪些规则？一．找出句子中有动词 -ing 做主语和宾语 1． Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
2． As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
3 ．Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
4． He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
5． Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
6． Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
7． Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
二． .练习与归纳
1. Fill in the blank (tips from the pictures)
(1) ______ . ______ is my favourite sport.(play football)
(2) ____________________ .My sister enjoys alone on the
seashore. (stand)
(3) ____________________ .The cartoon is . (amuse)
(4) .Chi na is a _________ coun try. (develop)
(5) .We heard Tommy _________ i n his room.(s ing)
(6) She sat at the desk _____ a n ewspaper.(read)
2. 动词-ing形式时态和语态：动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末加 -ing 形式构成。

否定形式：not + -ing 构成.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。

3. 在本单元讲解动词-ing形式在句中作主语和宾语的用法。

即动名词作主语和宾语.
Part1.动词-ing形式作主语
1. 直接置于句首
(1 )Playing t ricks on others is something we should never do.
(2) Lear ning new words is very importa nt for me.
⑶ Talki ng is easier than doi ng. 说比做容易。

2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移置句尾。

但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。

(1) It is useless tryi ng to argue with Shylock.
(2) It ' s worthaking the effort.这事值得努力去做。

(3)It is pleasant working with you. 常用 -ing 形式作主语的句型
It + be + a waste of time doi ng ..... 做是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doi ng 做... 是没益 / 用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做... 不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doi ng 做.... 是值得的
3. 在 there be no doing 结构中作主语。

这种结构的意思相当于“It
is impossible to do …”。

(1) There is no ______ (hide)of evil but not to do it. 若要人不知，
除非己莫为。

(2) Here is no _______ (joke)about such matter. 这种事开不得玩
笑。

(3) There was no _____ (know)when he would leave. 无法知道
他什么时候离开。

There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理
Part2. 动词 -ing 形式作宾语
1. 只能后接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词或短语 , 常见的有 avoid ， consider ，enjoy ，
2. 既可接动词-ing又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin , start，continue ，like，love，prefer ，by，mean，forget ，remember ， hate 等。

A. 在 like ， love ， hate ， prefer 等动词之后，用 -ing 或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词 -ing 形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

B. 在begin/start , continue 之后，用动词-ing和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。

C. 在动词 forget ， remember ， regret 之后，用动词 -ing 与不定式意义不同。

动词 -ing 表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。

如：
I remember posting the letter. 我记得我已把信寄了。

I ' ll remember to post the letter. 我会记着去寄信的。

I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. 我永远不会忘记见
到过那位著名作家。

Don ' t forget to write to your mother. 不要忘了给你母亲写信。

D. 在try ,mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do （设法）,try doing
（试试），
mean to do （打算，有意要做）， mean doing （意思是，意味着）。

E. go on doing 和 go on to do: go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；
go on to do 接着做另一件事。

女口： Please go on doing the same exercise. 请接着做同一个练习。

Please go on to do the other exercise. 请做另外一个练习。

F. stop doing 与 stop to do: stop doing 停止做 ;stop to do 停下正在干的事去干另一件事。

如： We stopped talking. 我们停止了交谈。

/We stopped to talk.
我们停下来去谈话。

3. 作介词宾语下列短语中的 to 都是介词，所以后面跟名词或 -ing 形式：devote to , object to , pay attention to , get down to , lead to ， look forward to ， stick to ， be used to 等。

Step3 Practice
1. ______ p rovides us with essential nutrients (营养 ), while
__________ provides us with oxygen. (eat, breath)
2. Have you forgotten _________ $1000 from me last month?
Will you please remember ______________ it tomorrow? (borrow,
bring)
3. My brother keeps _______ me with my work. (help)
4. We should often practise __________ English with each other.
Speaking
5. Though it sounds a bit too dear ( 昂贵),it is worth _____ .
(buy)
6. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. (study)
8. We are both looking forward to _________ ( 休假 )
next week. (go on vocation)
9 . Once the heart stops ______ , death follows at once. (beat) 1 0 . We are now busy ________ f or the exam in ati on. (prepare)。