环球雅思词汇语法基础课

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环球雅思基础口语精讲班第18讲讲义

In Central China, when a baby is born, the happy father will send red boiled eggs to announce the news.
Fish has always been used to suggest the accumulation of prosperity and wealth, so it is often served on New Year’s Eve.
fried bread stick 油条
fried leek dumplings 韭菜盒
soybean milk 豆浆
rice porridge 米粥
glutinous rice 糯米饭
braised pork rice 卤肉饭
fried rice with egg 蛋炒饭
sliced noodles 刀削面
旅游话题
Describe a wedding you joined. You should say: Whose wedding it was; When it was held; What happened on the ceremony; And what’s your feeling about it.
toffee fruits 糖葫芦
&nbs, p;hot pot 火锅
4. 婚礼词汇（The Vocabulary on Wedding）
wedding ceremony 结婚典礼
wedding anniversary 结婚纪念日
bride 新娘
bridegroom / groom 新郎
officiator 主婚人
描述一次特别的晚餐或聚会，或者一次参加过的婚礼，考生可参考下列提纲： When did you have the meal / join the wedding? Where was it held? Who took part in the meal/wedding? What did the people do at the meal/wedding? What was special about the meal /wedding? What impressed you deeply? Why do you think it’s a special meal /wedding?

雅思英语词汇(超全)[参考]

一、日常生活篇1. 家庭成员father 父亲mother 母亲brother 兄弟sister 姐妹husband 丈夫wife 妻子son 儿子daughter 女儿2. 食物breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐dinner 晚餐fruit 水果vegetable 蔬菜meat 肉类rice 米饭bread 面包egg 鸡蛋milk 牛奶3. 衣物shirt 衬衫pants 裤子dress 连衣裙 skirt 裙子shoes 鞋子hat 帽子coat 大衣socks 袜子underwear 内衣4. 居住环境house 房子apartment 公寓 room 房间bed 床window 窗户door 门floor 地板ceiling 天花板 kitchen 厨房 bathroom 浴室5. 交通工具car 汽车bus 公交车train 火车subway 地铁bicycle 自行车 motorbike 摩托车 plane 飞机boat 船ship 舰船二、学术篇1. 学科mathematics 数学 physics 物理chemistry 化学 biology 生物history 历史geography 地理 literature 文学 philosophy 哲学 sociology 社会学2. 学术词汇research 研究theory 理论experiment 实验 evidence 证据analysis 分析conclusion 结论 hypothesis 假设data 数据study 学习knowledge 知识3. 学术表达accordingly 因此furthermorehowever 然而moreover 而且on the other hand 另一方面 in addition 另外in conclusionin contrast 相比之下三、职场篇1. 职位manager 经理director 导演engineer 工程师doctor 医生teacher 教师nurse 护士lawyer 律师accountant 会计receptionist 接待员2. 办公室用品keyboard 键盘mouse 鼠标printer 打印机scanner 扫描仪projector 投影仪office 办公室desk 书桌chair 椅子file 文件3. 职场沟通meeting 会议negotiation 谈判presentation 展示discussion 讨论cooperation 合作team 团队project 项目goal 目标achievement 成就本词汇表涵盖雅思考试常见场景，帮助考生提高词汇储备，为雅思考试助力。

初中名词

环球雅思教育学科教师讲义讲义编号： ______________ 副校长/组长签字：签字日期：【考纲说明】名词是中考的重要考点，在单选和完型中均可涉及，具体考察：1.名词词义辨析2.名词的可数性和不可数性3. 名词所有格【趣味链接】A man goes to the church and starts talking to God. He says,“God, what’s a million dollars to you?”and God says,“A penny”then the man says,“God, what’s a million years to you?”and God says,“a second.”Then the man says,“God,can I have a penny?”and the God says,“OK,In a second.”一个男子进入教堂和上帝对话，他问：“主啊，一百美元对你意味着多少？”上帝回答：“一个便士。

”男子又问：“那一百万年呢？”上帝说：“一秒钟。

”最后男子请求道：“上帝，我能得到一便士吗？”上帝回答：“好的，等一秒钟”【知识梳理】注：①专有名词的首字母通常要大写。

若是专名名词词组，则其中每个单词的首字母要大写；若是缩略词，则通常每个字母都大写。

②可数名词有单、复数之分。

不可数名词通常不分单数和复数。

如果想要表达量，用计量名词辅助。

如：a cup of tea , two pieces of paper, two glasses of water a piece of bread可数名词的规则变化：变复数后的读音在清辅音后读[s] 在元音及浊辅音后读[z] 以[s] [z] [dʒ] 结尾时读[iz]可数名词的不规则变化：记住中考中常见的例子man--men woman--women foot--feet tooth--teethFish--fish sheep--sheep deer--deer Chinese--Chinese Japanness--Japannessmouse--mice复合名词变复数把后边的名词变成复数形式，如果前边的名词是man woman 两个名词都要变boy students men teachers某国人变复数记住规则：中日不变, 英法变，其余都要加s名词所有格1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式：一种是’s所有格，另一种是of 所有格Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is the China’s capital.2.若名词已有复数词尾s，或者名词最后一个字母是s, 只加’My brothers' gift 学生们的书包the teachers' book 教师阅览室3.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's。

语法填空

环球雅思学科教师辅导讲义（教师版）组长签字：思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children's。

技巧二：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。

例2：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。

另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another 等。

例3：The king decided to see the painter by (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

雅思语法 ppt课件

语法的主流趋势
我要喝点东西。 I want a drink.
a water, a beer, a coffee 创新是必须的。 Innovation is a must.
语法在“进化”
1. 句子成分：主谓宾+定状补 2. 简单句：五大基本句型 3. 并列句 4. 复合句：宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句 5. 动词四类和五大基本时态
165
IELTS 7 99
112
94
101
TOTAL
雅思写作
雅思写作并列句
2009 15
定语从句状语从句名词性从句（主宾表同）
8
7
36
2008 17
9
10
39
Grammar & vocabulary
Grammar 无规矩不成方圆
Vocabulary 巧妇难为无米之炊
Reading ＞＞＞Writing Listening ＞＞＞Speaking
及物动词，直接跟宾语，如 eat, drink, know, play, watch
不及物动词，可以不直接跟宾语，如 jump, sit, stand, think, sleep, wait, die, fight, run, live
情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形系动词如 am, is , are
9． I‘m not sure____if_/w_h_e_t_h_er_i_t _w_il_l b_e__su_n_n_y_t_o_m_o_r_ro_w_______(明天天气是否晴朗)
10．He asked me_____w_h_a_t_I_d_id__w_it_h_th_e__m_a_tt_e_r ___________(是如何处理这件事的)

fce语法与词汇精讲精练

fce语法与词汇精讲精练一、语法部分。

1. 时态。

- 一般现在时。

- 用法：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，也可用于表示客观事实、真理等。

例如：The sun rises in the east.（rise，动词原形，发音：[raɪz]，词性：动词）- 结构：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数作主语时动词加 -s或 -es）。

例如：He plays football every Sunday.（play，[pleɪ]，动词）- 现在进行时。

- 用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。

例如：I am reading a book now.（read，[ri:d]，动词，在这里是现在分词形式reading，[ˈri:dɪŋ]）- 结构：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词的现在分词形式。

- 一般过去时。

- 用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：She went to the park yesterday.（go的过去式went，[went]，动词）- 结构：主语+动词的过去式。

- 过去进行时。

- 用法：表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

例如：They were watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.（watch，[wɒtʃ]，动词，这里是现在分词形式watching，[ˈwɒtʃɪŋ]）- 结构：be动词（was/were）+ 动词的现在分词形式。

- 现在完成时。

- 用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

例如：I have lived here for five years.（live，[l ɪv]，动词，这里是过去分词形式lived，[lɪvd]）- 结构：have/has+动词的过去分词形式。

- 过去完成时。

- 用法：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。

雅思语法课件(低)

句子分类
句子包括简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句四种。
一、简单句

定义：一个完整主谓结构。 1. International tourism indeed gives rise to some problems. 2. Ambition and perseverance are two substantial factors to success. 3. Everyone influences someone and is influenced by others. 4. Learning this course can stimulate one’s imagination and cultivate one’s independence.
六、状语
定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句。按照功能分11种：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步、比较、伴随、评注。常做状语的有副词、状语从句、从句省略结构、不定式、 V-ing和V-ed。 4. V-ing: Technology is developing very fast, making it possible for people to live better than ever before. 5. V-ed: Encouraged to do so, children will experience better development.

七、补语

定义：分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。通常为形容词和不定式 1.形容词： Many people find this experience awful. 2. To do: Advertisements often urge people to buy goods they don’t need

环球雅思基础口语精讲班第17讲讲义

第二阶段相关的卡片包括： Describe an interesting/unusual thing you did in your free time; Describe a piece of good advice you accepted; Describe a three-day holiday; Describe a piece of interesting news that impressed you; Describe a positive change in your life; Describe a special dinner you had; Describe a wedding you joined; Describe a special letter/ card you received;
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雅思基础口语精讲班第 17 讲讲义
经历类话题
经历类话题
经历类话题是最近出现频率较高的卡片话题。相对于爱好兴趣类话题，描述一件或开心或激动的经历，难度要大一些。这类话题涉及到具体的事件，考生最后在备考时应精心准备一些素材，有吸引人之处，也要容易叙述。这类话题通常不在第一阶段出现，只在第二阶段卡片部分有所涉及，第三阶段会围绕这个事件做深度探讨。
优点（The Pros） Solo travel is the quickest and easiest way to grow your independence. Being alone on the road focuses your energies and attention. It intensifies the travel experience. Without the distractions of a group or a companion, your antennae are always up. Traveling alone is ideal for unobtrusively observing. Whether in a forest or a crowd, the single traveler can watch, listen, and learn with a minimum of disruption. The solitude on the road urges you to reach out to make local contacts. You can gain insights impossible to extract from guidebooks. In addition to encouraging you to open up, your solitary status often encourages others to make first contact. When you are insulated by a traveling companion or group, strangers are likely to keep their distance. Solo travel feels good. It’s a rest cure, offering recovery from routine pressure. You use the time to relax, refresh, and recharge. Itineraries can be planned and rooms transport and meals can be picked without hesitation or haggles. This freedom can energize you. You can indulge yourself fully; sleep as much or as little as you like. Rest when you want; pour it on when you’re feeling ambitious. If you join a package tour, all your needs are cared for by a travel agent. Package tour can be more budget end. Tour operators make use of bulk bookings from hotels, and are able to get good deals for food, sight seeing tours, transportation and any other services. You can enjoy a tension free holiday: Choosing a tour operator to do most of the planning for the holiday saves you time and hassle. You might be traveling to the holiday spot for the first time and have no idea of the place. If you choose to travel during the peak season, there are little chances of securing accommodation and travel tickets. Opting for a holiday package would make it easier to travel in such a situation. If you choose a holiday package through tour operator, you can plan your budget for the trip. In fact you can choose your holiday package based on your budget. A tour operator offering the holiday package can give better information and suggestions. He can give you a wide variety of options to choose from depending on the type of holiday you have in mind. Self-guided tour is suitable for couples, families or groups of friends. Baggage transfers and accommodation arrangements mean you don’t have to carry a heavy backpack or sleep in hostels along the way. You tour at your own pace.

雅思40分钟入学试卷

环球雅思入学测试题词汇与语法知识（共 20 小题，每小题 2 分）1 ．Paris is_A___ very beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel T ower.A ．a; theB ．a; 不填C ．the; aD ．不填;the2 ．----Are you familiar with the music?----Y es.There was a time_B___this kindof music was quite popular.A．thatB．whenC ．with whichD ．about which3 ．They are good friends ._D___is no wonder that they know each other so well.A ．ThisB ．ThatC ．ThereD ．It4 ．----Was Tomthere whenyouarrived?----Yes, but he _D___home soon afterwards.A ．had goneB ．has goneC ．is goingD ． went5 ．---- You must phone us every week.----Yes , I_C___.A ．mustB ．have toC ．willD ．should6 ．----What are you going to do this afternoon?----I'll probably go for a walk _A___it stays fine.A ．as far asB ． so long asC ． even ifD ． as if7 ．I had to __C__because someone else wanted to use the phone.A ．give upB ． put upC ． hang upD ． ring up8 ．A terrible thought suddenly_A___ me----had anyone broken into the house?A ．struckB ．beatC．knockedD．a t acked9 ．Maria has to baby-sit ． That's _A___she can't come out with us.A ．whyB ．howC ． whenD ． what10 ．You can buy these maps at __B__railway station. They all have them.A ．allB ．anyC ．everyD ．each11．The Yellow River,_C___to be t“he mother river”,runs across China like ahuge dragon.A ．sayingB ． to sayC ． saidD ． being said12 ．What color is it _D___you have painted your house?A ． whatB ． whereC ． whichD ． that13 ． ---- __B__your car here, or you've got to be fined.----But where on earth can I park?A ．ParkB ．Don'tparkC ．ParkingD ． Not parking14 ．---- Shall I buy this book for Tim?----__D__. He might already have it.A．I don'tagreeB ．NoproblemC ．Youcan'tdothatD．You'dbe t er not15. Nobody knew __A_____ there.A. how long time I had beenB. how long had I beenC. how long time had I beenD.how longI hadbeen16. ___C____, I am sure that he is honest.A. No matter people sayB. What people sayC. Whatever people sayD. It doesn’t matter people say17. Eat less food ____B___ you want to put on weight .A. ifB. unlessC. untilD. as soonas18. I shall be surprised if he does this the same way ___A____ I do .A. asB. likeC. whichD. what19. He always talks ___B____ he had been to outer space.A. likeB. as if /thoughC. because ofD. as20. __A____ he finished his work , he left hurriedly.A. As soon asB. As ifC. UnlessD. Inorder that短文改错（共10小题,每小题2分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。

形容词和副词讲义

环球雅思学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号：学员编号：年级：九年级课时数： 3学员姓名：李家琪辅导科目：英语学科教师：焦宁课题形容词和副词的用法授课日期及时段2014年月日:00 —:00教学目的掌握形容词和副词的用法，并能灵活运用教学内容（一）形容词的用法：形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。

一般放在所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。

注意：a. 有些形容词只能作表语。

如：alone, afraid, asleep, ill, alike, alive等,这些词修饰名词时必须后置。

如：That old man feels alone because his children are out. I'm afraid he can't come. He is the only man alive.b.多个形容词修饰一个名词是，其前后排列顺序一般如下：限定词(a/the, this/some/her……)+数量词(先序数词后基数词) +大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。

巧计：限数描大小，长高新旧色，国材用途类，少前多在后。

如：a big old German computer1、He was so _______ news that he got the first prize in the contest.A. exciting, excitingB. exciting, excitedC. excited, excitedD. excited, exciting2、--- What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English?--- I think it’s _______ , but someone thinks it’s much too ________.A. wonderful enough; boredB. enough wonderful; boringC. wonderful enough; boringD. enough wonderful; bored3、. The shop ________ at 8:00 a.m. and it ________ for ten hours every day.B. is opened; opensC. is open; has openedD. opened; opens4、Mr Brown always makes his class _________ and keeps his students _________ in class.A. alive; interestingB. lively; interestingC. alive; interestedD. lively; interested5、This broadcast comes to you _____from the stadium.A alive B. lively C. live D. living6、Radio, television and press are _____means of carrying news of information.A. the most three commonB. the most common threeC.three the most commonD. the three most common DThe_____house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little8、His health is_____.A.as poor as, if not poorer than, his sister’sB.as poor, if not poorer than, his sister.C. poor as his sister’s, if not poorD. as poor, if not poorer than his sister’s(二) 副词的用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等，在句中主要用作状语。

环球雅思状语从句E-PPT模板

• When：从句的动作可以是持续的，也可是短暂的，应用最广泛
• When he was hanging about, he met his tutor.(持续性)
• When he enters the bedroom, his mother is burrowing around his drawer.（短暂）
towards him. • The vast majority of the students will go abroad to have
further study.
• When the boss falls from power, his lackeys disperse.
时间状语从句
• 常见引导词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till/until
3） It will be+一段时间+ before…多久之后才… It will be half a year before I come back. 还得呆半年我才能回来. It won’t be long before we meet again. 没多长时间我们就会见面
since
• 1.从句的时态若是一般过去时,则为是现在完成时或现在完成进行时.
?即使没啥可吃我们也应该坚持?主观假设目的状语从句?常见引导词有sothatinorderthatincaseforfearthatinthehopethatforthepurposethat?marryhimatoncesothathewontbetakenawaybysomeoneelse
Adverbial clauses
• I have written four letters since I came here. • I have been working in SGE since I graguated.

超全的雅思英语语法讲义

雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。

（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行二、基本时态演练Listening to the following conversation.(一)Task One:fill in the blanks.1.Interviewer:Your name?Peter:Peter__________.(1)2.Interviewer:________(2)you work or_________(3)you a student?Peter:I’m studying really hard for my exams this month—I’m doing math’s at university—but I also________(4)my parents out.They own a_________(5)and I________(6)there as a waiter in the evenings,so I____________(7)a lot of free time during the week.My mom is always saying that I_____________(8)enough in the restaurant!But I do manage to find some free time most days.3.Interviewer:Can you look at the_____(9)and tell me whether you do any of these things and if so,how____(10)?Peter:I love music and I’m learning to play the piano.I______(11)really early and practice for an hour or so just about every day.I also play the guitar in a band with some other friends.We used to practice together at least_____________(12)a week but these days we only manager to meet about once__________________(13).4.Interviewer:What about the next thing on the list?-_________________(14)?Peter:Well,I used to play them all the time but now I’m too busy studying and I_______(15) miss them at all.5.Interviewer:Do you use a computer for other things?Peter:I use the Internet just about________(16)for my studies.And I also use it to _____________(17)my friends and my family.My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment and he_______(18)me regular emails to let me know how much fun he’s having!He’s always visiting exciting places.6.Interviewer:Now,how about_________________(19)?Peter:Actually,I joined the local football team when I was at school and I still play _______________(20)provided I can get to training.I much prefer playing football to watch it on TV,though I do______________(21)watch a match if there’s a big final or something.7.Interviewer:What about going to watch live matches?Peter:I’d love to be able to afford to go every week because I____________(22)my local team, but students don’t____________(23)have much money,you know!I can remember the ___________(24)I went to a live match.Oh,sorry,I can see my friends—I____________(25) go now!（二）Task TwoRead through the conversation and find out:1.Present simple sentences:2.Present continuous:3.Past simple sentences:三、时态改错1.People should act according to what they are believing.2.In general,I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3.Nowadays,many people in my country have sent their children to single-sex schools.4.These days,more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.5.I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.6.The female hen laying on average5or6eggs per week.7.Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.8.Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1.I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS4,Band7,p167)2.There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists.(同上)3.In conclusion,I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete.(IELTS5,Band6,p167)4.It was opened in the year1863,and it is already140years old.(IELTS5,Band7,p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1.The use of electricity in England is indispensed with.(IELTS4,Band6,p164)2.Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph.(同上)3.The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart.(同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1.A more dramatic rise is predicted between2030and2040in Japan,by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries.(IELTS5,model answer, p162)2.It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory,the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、剑指考试1.To enrich vocabulary,we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：（1）（2）（3）2.It is important for nations all over the world to work hard together to control the environmental pollution.可以改为：3.I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4.用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home_____________(locate)in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can_____________(give)to the poorer people to help them.（3）We_____________(not tell)that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to_____________(teach)the correct way to behave in public.5.句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel.（4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there,so we could not visit it.（7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6.把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under16to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you,I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型1.与现在事实相反(1)If she were sick,she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2)If you watched more and talked less,we would both enjoy our film.2.与过去事实相反(1)If they had studied earlier,they would have passed the IELTS.(2)Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3.与将来事实相反(1)If it snowed tomorrow,I would go skiing.(2)If it should snow tomorrow,I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3)If you were to see your tutor,what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1)If I were you,I wouldn’t have told that to her.（时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2)Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning,I should not be wet now.(时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的if省略掉，同时把should,were,had等助动词提前，构成倒装句。

环球雅思语法-定语从句

2.不用that的情况(P29) 加分句型-* 加分句型--非限定性定语从句
*介词 + which\whom * 从句中缺少定语的时候— whose 两个定语从句定语从句， *两个定语从句，为避免重复
(V)定语从句 (V)定语从句
他收到了剑桥大学的offer 8. 他收到了剑桥大学的offer 这简直是太令人惊讶了。，这简直是太令人惊讶了 •He received an offer from Cambridge University , which came as a surprise.
2.引导词（关系词）功能：引导词（关系词）功能：引导词
承上—指代先行名词。承上指代先行名词。指代先行名词启下—引出定语从句；做成分。启下引出定语从句；引出定语从句根据在从句中所缺失的成分，将关成分，成分系词分为：关系代词和关系副词关系副词。关系代词关系副词
(V)定语从句 (V)定语从句关系代词：关系代词：
• 6. 最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛，在那里我最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛，有生以来第一次体验了潜水。口语) 有生以来第一次体验了潜水。 (口语)
• The most exciting traveling experience for me is the one in Bali, where I experienced diving for the first time in my life.
(V)定语从句 (V)定语从句
•7. gerund: a walking stick •8. prep: the key (to the front door) •9. infinitive : the only way (to help • him) •10. attributive clause : the person (who won the 1st place)

语法填空答题技巧讲义confidential

环球雅思学科教师辅导教案学员编号：年级：高三课时数：3课时学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：田志超授课类型复习课星级★★★★★教学目的掌握语法填空的解题技巧授课日期及时段教学内容语法填空解题技巧一、题型分析：1.纯空格题：通常考查冠词、介词、代词和连词四类词，一个空格只能填一个单词。

2.用括号中所给词填空：通常考查动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转换，一个空格可以填一到多个单词。

二、考查的语法：1、动词2、名词有提示词，用括号中所给词填空3、形容词、副词4、代词5、冠词无提示词，纯空格题6、介词7、连词三、考点突破：考点一：冠词识破关键：用在名词之前，前面无提示词知识点考查方面：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，an+元音，a+辅音，固定搭配。

常见结构：用不定冠词：（1）a/an +可数名词单数（2）a/an+形容词+可数名词单数用定冠词：（1）the +定语+名词+of 等介词短语（2）the +定语+名词+ 定语从句（3）the +定语+名词+不定式短语或分词短语1.There once were a goat and a donkey… So the farmer killed _______goat and gave the donkey medicine made fromits heart.2.When I see a child subject to(受制于) this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was_______shy, nervousperfectionist.3.… the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_______ small town some 20 kilometers away.4.I still remember taking ________ visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub for lunch.5.He’s ______amazing singer, a music video director, a business owner and he…6.One way that Americans do this is with_____ firm hand shake.7.This is ____law of American-------of all successful people.答案：1.the 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. an 6. a 7 the考点二：介词识破关键：无提示词知识点考查方面：介词的基本用法及固定搭配常见结构：（1）介词+名词，构成状语或补语（2）不及物动词+介词，构成动词短语1. In short, I believe that it is ______great use to keep a diary in English…2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _____the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.3. She found some good quality pipes______sale.4. He was very tired _______doing this for a whole day…答案：1.of 2.at 3. On 4. From/after考点三：代词识破关键：无提示词，句子缺少成分，上文中某个名词需要被代指知识点考查方面：人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、it的特殊用法常见结构：（1）主格：句首，谓语动词之前（2）宾格：动词之后，介词之后（3）形容词性物主代词：用在名词之前，翻译成“…的“（4）名词性物主代词：后无名词，翻译成“…的“（5）反身代词：固定搭配，或从意思上可翻译成某人自己，作宾语或同位语。

环球雅思-三口全部讲义1-20

英语口译三级精讲班第1讲讲义一、背景1、翻译资格考试从2003年12月底开始实施的全国翻译资格（水平）考试（CATTI），英文叫China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters，缩写叫CATTI。

是由国家人事部委托中国外文局负责实施与管理的一个面向全国的翻译专业资格考试，分为7个语种4个等级（资深翻译与一级、二级、三级口译、笔译翻译）进行，不对报名者的学历、资历、职业做出限定，强调"以能力标准为核心"的翻译资格标准。

翻译专业资格考试,最重要的特点就是翻译资格认证的权威性。

此外，全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试独特之处是深化职称改革。

过去获得职称必须通过评审，现在，如果通过全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译或口译考试，就可以申请获得助理翻译职称。

助理翻译是翻译专业系列初级职称。

通过了二级笔译或口译考试，也可以申请翻译职称。

翻译职称是翻译专业系列中级职称。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试的设立，旨在将来和一些得到国际公认的翻译考试资格认证的发达国家，进行资格的互相承认，比如英国、澳大利亚等英语国家都已经有了自己的翻译资格认证。

到那个时候我们的翻译资格考试证书就成为了一个“国际驾照”。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级口译的基本要求是掌握5000个以上英语词汇，初步了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识，能胜任一般场合的交替传译。

2、英语口译实务3级考试英语口译实务3级考试含对话英汉互译（20%）、语篇英汉交替传译（40%，约500-650个单词）和语篇汉英交替传译（40%，约300-400个单词）。

考试时间为30分钟。

3、英语口译实务3级课程为了帮助大家提高口译实战的能力及备考的能力，我们开设这门3级“口译实务”课程。

本课程一共16个单元，内容按照3级考试的题型分为对话英汉互译和语篇英汉互译。

每个单元围绕一个主题展开，第一个主题就是“礼仪祝词”。

雅思考试基础词汇分析

雅思基础词汇完整版copy 复印clock 钟letter 信，字母ticket 票transportation 交通goals 目标energy 能量experience 经验January1月Second第二America美国Britain英国London伦敦England英格兰Scotland苏格兰Queensland昆士兰Sydney悉尼Adelaide阿德莱德Melbourne墨尔本Perth珀斯组讨论fire 火灾，解雇college 学院teams 小组membership 会员资格difficulties 困难beach 海滩underground 地下spending 花费site 位置recreation 娱乐property 财产learn 学习computers 电脑plant 植物table 桌子support 支持choice 选择glass 玻璃survey 调查passport 护照range 范围service 服务exams 考试failure 失败demonstration 示威festival 节日Belfast贝尔法斯特Ireland 爱尔兰Dublin都柏林Australia澳大利亚narrator 叙述者costs 成本background 背景kindergarten Avenue 大街senior 高级的，大四学生deposit 押金extra 额外的tape 磁带title 标题culturedark 黑暗的regular 规律的幼儿园project 项目December12月November11月beginning 开始purpose 目的interest 兴趣decoration 装修，装饰migration 迁徙，移民party 晚会relationship 关系environmental 环境的disease 疾病Monday周一Wednesday周三century 世纪equipment 设备methods 方法location 地理位置transport 交通campus 校园ideas 观点world 世界coffee 咖啡Third第三Fourth第四cause 起因social 社会的session 课程，时间female 女性station 车站kitchen 厨房club 俱乐部American美国人March3月February2月New Zealand新西兰文化Cambridge 剑桥media 媒体Scottish苏格兰人weekend 周末traveling 旅游park 公园October10月record 记录，唱片professor 教授team 队伍seat 座位May5月August8月child 儿童September9月Tuesday周二Friday周五Thursday周四surname 姓trousers 裤子subjects 主题drinking 饮水mail 邮件male男性safety 安全form 表格ability 能力evening 晚间certificate 证书further 进一步shoes 鞋tutorials补课April4月July7月June6月Saturday周六London 伦敦entrance 入口access children 儿童confidence 自信zoo 动物园standard 标准exam 考试case 案例different 不同的requirement 要求dollars 美金bank 银行theory 理论visa 签证assignment 作业farm 农场board 木板，董事会painting 绘画size 大小railway 铁路skill 技能waste 浪费price 价格pollution 污染hospital 医院farming 农业buildings 建筑物contact 接触dinner 晚餐traffic 交通date 日期bathroom 卫生间video 录像plus 加results 结果general 普通的statistics 统计学effect 效果wheel 方向盘，车轮discount 打折care 关注practical 实际的音机accommodation 住宿least 至少mature 成熟的purse 钱包flexible 灵活的store 商场tour 旅游view 风景，视线handbook 手册smoking 吸烟individual 个人的technical 科技的colleges 学院variety 种类plants 植物top 顶尖Chinese 中文thought 想法major 专业marks 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证书wax 蜡unfair 不公平sugar 糖clever 聪明的flower 花flat 公寓conference 会议rate比率shear 剪羊毛study 学习occupants 占领者weekend 周末holiday 假期hotel 酒店visitors 访问者roommate 室友woods 森林lake 湖tools 工具standard 标准occasion 场合laser 激光koalas 考拉bowling 保龄球countryside 乡村horses 马performers 表演者miserable 痛苦的craft 手艺catalog 目录description 描述essential 基本的waiter 服务生comfortable 舒服的bank 银行steel 钢材processing 加工privacy 隐私salad 沙拉violent 猛烈的dollars 美元welfare 福利Alaska 阿拉斯加expensive 昂贵的equipment 设handball 手球independence 独立age 年纪biology 生物学potential 潜在的immune 免疫的present 礼物，目前的cycling 骑自行车industrial 工业的industry recreation 娱乐experiment 实验former 原来的introduction 介绍wheels 轮子surroundings 周围toys 玩具heartbeat 心脏跳动scientific 科学的penny 便士features 特点payment 付款expectancy 期待libraries 图书馆source 资源energies 能量fabric 纺织品balloon 气球sentences 句子first-aid 援助catering 饮食purest 纯净的profession 职业harbor 港口skin 皮肤housing 住房heroine 女主人公library 图书馆mountain 山model 模型professor 教授exposure 曝光contaminants 污染物background 背景thriller 惊悚片inability 没能力cassette 磁带recycling 回收pets 宠物promising 有前途的bill 帐单outline 大纲pianist 钢琴家households 家庭insurance 保险naught 零leisure 休闲veterinarian 兽医carbon 炭brothers 兄弟stairs 楼梯quality 质量unique 独特的handout 讲义movies 电影polish 抛光，擦亮allowance 津贴worker 工人insects 昆虫precautions 预防zoo 动物园medicine 医药milk 牛奶knife 刀critical 批评的consumption 消费code 密码prizes 奖金stations 火车站，局island 岛banking 银行业shuttle 穿梭status 地位trolley 电车tourists 游客stage 舞台，阶段steam 蒸汽permit 许可证discovery 发现profit 利润parcel 包裹certificate 证书sufficient 充分的parental 父母的boot 靴子precision 精密度dentist 牙医carving 雕刻drop 落下cab 出租车apostrophe 右上角省略号link 连接rare 罕见的program 节目national 国家的registration 注册department 系waitress 女服务员elbow 肘notebook 笔记本interview 面试hunting 打猎achievement 成功attendance 出勤率candidate 候选人tennis 网球subtitles 小标题essay 论文similar 相似的museum 博物馆music 音乐tourist 游客passport 护照summary 摘要dress 服装chemist 医药师assignments 作业revision 修改patterns 图案self-discipline 自我约束beach 海滩tune 曲调submit 服从expansion 扩充sailing 航行accommodation 住宿administrator 管理者natural 自然的course 课程rows 行size 尺寸maintenance 维护spoons 勺子institutes 机构clothes 服装vacancy 空缺vegetation 植被engineering 工程editor 编辑formula 公式unsocial 不善交际的approval 同意refund 退还market 市场rehearsal 演习，彩排killer 杀手syndicate 财团employer 雇主classical 古典的service 服务post 职位weapon 武器idea 主意fever 发烧advertising 广告curly 卷发的tuition 学费argument 争论embassy 大使馆blanket 毯子knowledge 知识resources 资源robber 盗贼western 西方的astronomy 天文学bacteria 细菌drugs 药品firm 公司financial 金融的cream 奶油sheep 羊painkillers 止痛片engine 发动机skating 滑冰high-rise 高层建筑pocket 口袋festival 节日tickets 票monologue 独白shell 贝壳tutorial 小组讨论duration 持续reason 理由cable 电缆position 位置subjective 主观的workshops 工作室motivation 动机trade 贸易efficient 有效率的cause 起因innovation 革新adults 成人forest 森林lava 火山岩reports 报告understanding 理解community 社区cotton 棉花mills 工厂ancient 古代的magic 魔术的writing 写作systematic 系统的junior 较低级别的issue 问题traffic 交通boots 靴子theft 盗窃bath 浴室pages 页码usual 普通的laboratory 实验室classroom 教室sundial 日晷latest 最新的development 发展process 过程cave 洞穴inquiries 询问protein 蛋白质kids 儿童farms 农场discussion 讨论guide 导游photocopies 复印Africa 非洲options 选择award 奖励customers 顾客suburb 郊区insomnia 失眠check 支票park 公园cultural 文化的investigation 调查damages 损害assistance 援助conference 会议interview 采访camp 露营wide 广泛的plan 计划shift 倒班reverse 相反的leprosy 麻风病awful 可怕的chemistry 化学expert 专家draft 草稿oral 口语的loss 损失safety 安全folder 文件夹inland 内陆heading 标题club 俱乐部side 面，边disease 疾病family 家庭welfare 福利disturbance 打扰freedom 自由experiments 实验observation 观察response 回答undergraduate 本科生jewelry 珠宝journalist 记者repair 修理theft 盗窃cages 笼子systems 系统global 全球的candles 蜡烛martial 武术的rocks 岩石abstract 摘要malaria 疟疾photograph 照片cycle 循环distribution 分布dining 吃饭stuff 原料resistance 抵抗authority 权威opportunities 机会vegetable 蔬菜areas 地区internal 内部的spiral 螺旋的majors 专业mental 精神的projector 投影仪catalog 目录communication 交流duties 责任appeal 呼吁lemon 柠檬medium 媒体leisure 休闲crisis 危机belts 带子recreation 娱乐expire 过期CD-ROMmale 男的steady 稳定的drinks 饮料deteriorate 恶化surface 表面accessible 可接近的interviewee 受访者random 随机的index 索引ankle 踝association 协会email 电邮seasoned 风干amount 数量videos 录像officer 军官population 人口amazing 令人惊讶的types 种类reliable 可依赖的shelf 架子frequency 频率enhance 提高waiter 男服务生rent 租金improvement 提高sources 资源alley 小巷ferries 轮渡coastal 海边的stock 股票，存货basis 基础cupboard 橱柜lions 狮子beds 床petrol 汽油adequate 充足的soundproof 隔音的aim 目的cities 城市bands 乐队photocopy 复印eastern 东方的predictable 可预言的formal 正式的replacement 替代length 长度accountants 会计disease 疾病container 容器records 记录，唱片journal 期刊margin 页边的空白wedding 婚礼pension 养老金satellite 卫星wind 风accounting 会计saving 存款heart 心脏tennis 网球chicks 小鸡geographic 地理学的perfect 完美的grade 级别magnificent 华丽的season 季节measure 测量institution 机构epidemic 流行病union 工会recommendation 推荐beard 胡子readers 读者starter 开胃品desert 沙漠decline 下降building 建筑物lamp 灯credit 信用respondents 回答者lakes 湖prevention 预防materials 原料business 商业unemployment 失业suitable 合适的dial 拨号cost 花费moustache 胡子fur 皮毛paper 纸subcommittee 小组委员会curriculum 课程kit 工具箱cafe 咖啡店action 行动royal 皇家的pensioners 领退休金者miles 英里accuracy 准确度facilities 设施commuters 通勤者appointment 预约sweaters 毛衣weeds 野草instrument 仪器musical 音乐的minimum 最小的microfilm 缩微胶片delay 耽搁cashier 出纳员tutorial 小组讨论weight 重量picnic 野餐hats 帽子tourist 游客typical 典型的strength 力量dioxide 二氧化物humans 人类chapter 章节newspapers 报纸café咖啡店relief 减轻痛苦microphone 麦克风western 西部的virtual 虚的Olympic 奥林匹克hospital 医院disposal 处理Queen's 女王的transport 交通rubber 橡胶illegal 非法的junction 交汇处mine 矿television 电视optional 可选择的drinking 喝酒approaches 方法shoplifters 顺手牵羊的人pennies 便士measurements 测量fiber 纤维colleagues 同事channel 海峡waterfall 瀑布chance 机会residence 居住contents 内容fishing 钓鱼techniques 技术staff 员工weekly 每周的chart 图表elbow 肘appropriate 适当的raw 生的charge 费用whales 鲸鱼beauty 美女recording 录音reception 招待会training 培训breeding 繁殖floors 地板scandals 丑闻water-clock 水钟sponsor 赞助者alternative 可选择的uncomfortable 不舒服的relevant 相关的intelligent 智力的vocation 职业fitness 健康状况beautiful 美丽的chocolate 巧克力session 课程companion 同伴usage 使用tunnels 隧道headmaster 校长survey 测量stern 严厉的pleasant 愉快的final 最后的tube 管子，地铁steering 操纵director 主任allergic 过敏的website 网址tractor 拖拉机rental 租金cabinet 橱柜influence 影响videotape 录像带instruction 指示kilograms 公斤environment 环境relationship 关系project 项目nursery 托儿所agriculture 农业oil 油theatre 剧院clock 钟property 财产anger 愤怒pop 流行的tourism 旅游业hunt 打猎emperor 皇帝sign 标记doctors 医生guests 客人employment 雇佣style 风格research 研究，科研house 房子second 第二industry 工业，产业reading 阅读sports 体育，运动month 月份available 可获得的，有时间rivers 河raincoat 雨衣receptionist 接待员musical 音乐的refreshment 饮料nurse 护士chancellor 校长dressing 装饰，穿衣self-defense 自卫riders 骑手electricity 电mood 情绪youth 年青performance 表演capital 资金beginners 初始者secretary 秘书link 连接westerner 西方人jacket 夹克landscape 风景tutorial 小组讨论blouse 衬衫activity 活动personality 个性discount 打折rules 规则item 项目，photocopy 复印stressful 压力的locations 地理位置treatment 治疗pump 泵departmental 部门的rank 等级hits 引人注意的东西airport 飞机场initial 最初的non-medicine 非药品类water-proof 防水的status 地位lunch 午餐pounds 英镑（复数）shop 商店words 单词（复数）crime 犯罪minutes 分钟（复数）building 建筑物water 水training 培训birds 鸟类percent 百分比diploma 毕业证书course 课程student 学生information 信息room 房间animals 动物food 食物computer 电脑education 教育shopping 购物department 系，商店population 人口person 人facilities 设施garden 花园tutor 辅导教师details 细节advice 建议writing 写作type 类型million 百万film 胶卷，电影goods 物品furniture 家具personal 个人的fitness 身体健康class 班级degree 学位key 重点的，关键band 乐队examination 考试scale 天平compulsory 必修的decorations 装饰品birth 出生King 国王sculpture 雕刻detail 细节serial 连续的network 网络satellite 卫星tables 桌子article 文章，货品hall 大厅badge 徽章ship 船vacation 假期vocationoffice 办公室composition 组成成分cleaner 清洁工furniture 家具timber 木材art 艺术sickness 疾病cola 可乐nature 自然。

环球雅思8000词汇笔记

1、Prefix/ suffix/ root前缀决定意义后缀决定词性2、词以类记，场景词汇分类动物类/人类发展史类/教育旅游交通/结构建筑/医疗卫生/自然环境/社科类/管理类/艺术类3、读写记忆法、拼读记忆法Mesmerize v. 吸引、迷住Mesmerizing adj. 迷人的、引人注意的AttractiveFascinatingAbsorbEye-catchingCaptivatingConcentrateCon: 1.together 2.fullyCentr: 中心Ate: v后缀Tact: touch4、Repeat-ant n. 表人AssistantAttendantContestantApplicantParticipantInhabitant inhabit=dwell(dwelling住所dweller居民)Descendant 子孙后代offspringComplainant 原告Defendant 被告★Not only…but also, and such the benefits as … and …Fabulous adj. 难以置信的；传说的；寓言中的；极好的Descend 上升ascend 下降Defend 1、保卫；2、防御；3、辩护Immigrant emigrant emigrationIssue > problemcurrently 现今more currently 最新asylum=refugee难民refuge v. 避难persecution 迫害★1st is …, followed by …-al,adj. 属于…的，具有…性质的Personal peoples 民族Interpersonal relationship 人与人之间的关系Parental 父母的maternal 母亲的paternal 父亲的Indulgence 放纵溺爱v. indulge 放纵Regional affairs 地区争端尤其、特别、exceptionalExceptionally/ extremely/ particularlyFairly = veryIn the international arena 在当今世界上/在国际舞台上Bungee 蹦极n. 行为、状况DenialBetrayal/ disloyal=unfaithful disloyalty/ traitorUndoubtedly = there is no denying thatJudasYou Judas = you are such a traitor描述：portray / depict / picturePortrayal 绘画self-portrait 自画像More and more = increasingly评估：appraise / assess / evaluate军队：army / troop / militaryEspousal = support public espousal of sthspouse 配偶espouse 支持（n）board school 寄宿学校Appraisal = assessment = evaluation n.RefusalWithdrawal 收回（吵架）；撤回（打仗）；取钱遭难：disaster / catastrophe / calamity / cataclysmFireplace 壁炉（听力）intact forest 原始森林-in 否定前缀-cyn. 指人或事物的性质、状态、职位、官职、社会阶层EmergencyFluency 流利性accuracy 准确性cy-t n.- adj.Tissue 器官organ 组织复杂：intricacy -ate intricate 描述各种复杂complexity 描述结构复杂（西直门桥）complication 类似人脑反：simplicity谬论：Fallacy 反truth / right fallacious错误的wrong / incorrect / erroneous error n. err v.Tell the right from the wrong 明辨是非Deficiency 缺点、缺乏mentally / physically challenge 心理/生理残疾Intelligence 机密Perpetual 永久的（能源、动力）Permanent 永久的Eternal 永久（感情、精神）Idiocy = foolishness = stupidityBe of + n. > adj.Captaincy rugbyPresidency 总裁、总统、大学校长Fancy chef 主厨chief executive Bankruptcy merge v. 合并、融合merger n. 兼并Infancy / childhood / teenage / youth / middle age / old age senior citizens 老年人Phase 一段时间Intimacy 反estrangement 疏远bosom friends e+n. 使…Intimate adj.Democracy 民主体制demo 前缀人民Autocracy 专制、独裁autonomy 自治Bureaucracy 官僚主义bureau 局bureau of security Aristocracy 贵族（集合名词）Supremacy = paramountcy 至高无上supremeCogency 说服力Efficiency 效率Sufficiency 反deficiency / shortage / insufficiencyProficiency 熟练、驾轻就熟Indecency 猥琐Decency be decently dressed 衣着得体Elegant elegance / cy 长久以来、性质（内）/ 表象（外、偶尔）Ascendancy 优势、优越利弊：Ascendancy / descendancy merits / demerits pros / consPungency 一针见血（文章）Incompetency 不称职的competency 能力Capable / capability 否定前缀：il(l), in(积累), de, im(bmp), un, ir(r), dis,Illegitimacy 不合法、私生Legitimate 合法的Illiteracy 文盲、无知Literature --------literacy n./adj. 有文化的（人）Conspiracy 阴谋、诡计词根spire 1、breath 2、breatheConspire 共谋、协力Aspire = be determined / fervently / ardently / hope / pursue / firmpursue of happiness looking for chase after chase away (驱散)InspireExpire 终止、结束、到期run out 反：unexpiredRespire v. 呼吸respiration 呼吸作用Perspire 出汗（专业）sweat 出汗（口语）per: 表穿过★encouraging / motivating / inspiringEntrepreneurs 创业者、企业家Robustly / strongly / firmly / ferventlyGo to gym = workout = do some exercise进步、提升、提高Enhance / advanceTrigger (n./v.) 扳机；促进推动、激励、激发Spar促进推动、激励、激发Propel促进推动、激励、激发propeller 螺旋桨propellant 推动燃料Simulate evoke provokeGenius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspirationHarp 竖琴pianist violinistCholesterol 胆固醇tissue 器官Respiratory organ 呼吸器官circulatory organ 循环器官blood circulation 血液循环Asthma 哮喘ailment 小恙Fatal 致命的belly 腹部Smallpox 天花Diabetes 糖尿病Influenza 流感Polio 小儿麻痹HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) germ bacteriaContagious / infectious 传染的；感染的Cardiac 心脏的Epidemic 广泛的；流行性的Acute / chronic 急性的/ 慢性的-ious adj. 属于…的；有…性质的ContagiousCurious 好奇的curiosity n. 好奇Contradicious 矛盾的Malicious 恶毒的malicious wordsLaborious 体力劳动的Industrious 勤劳的Spacious 具有空间感的Rebellious 反复无常的rebel 反叛；叛乱Gender 性别shuttle 往返shuttle hours 通勤时间shuttle bus 通勤车space shuttle 宇宙飞船monotonous 单调的daily-routined 单调的constellation 星座Pluto 冥王星dem(o) = people 人民epidemic / pandemic 传染的；流行的/ 广泛流行的pan：泛democrat 民主主义者autocrat 独裁者monocracy / monocrat 独裁统治/ 独裁者dictationship / dictator 独裁统治/ 独裁者plutocracy / plutocrat 财阀统治bureaucracy / bureaucrat 官僚统治/ 官僚主义者demagogy 煽动；蛊惑人心demography 人口统计学graph = gram 写；画；记；图形★according to the graph / gramDemographyPhotography 摄影；摄影术Autograph 手稿Biography 传记；自传bio 与生命相关essays 散文集Dissertation 毕业论文Historiography 编史工作Pseudograph 冒名作品pseudo 前缀: fake pseudoname 笔名艺名Monograph 专题论文；著作Chronograph 计时器Seismograph 地动仪Potential 潜伏的Chron 词根时Chronic latency / latent period 潜伏期Synchronic 同时发生synchronical synchronically syn : 同义词Chronicle 编年史Chronicler 写编年史的人Chronolgy 年代学-logy 学、论、法Methodology 方法论Climatology 气象学Oceanology 海洋学Mineralogy 矿产学Etymology 昆虫学tropical rainforest; subtropical; submarine; subsidy （政府）补贴；津贴Dialectology 方言学dialect 方言accent 口音Dent = tooth (牙齿) 凹痕Dentist 牙医nursing staff 医院当中工作的人stuff=thingsSurgeon 外科plastic surgeon 整容physician 内科psychiatrist 心理医生Denture 假牙Indented 锯齿状的jagger n. 齿轮Edentate adj. 无齿的；n. 贫齿兽Centipede 蜈蚣decade 十年millennium 千年Dict,dic,doc = say,assert 说话、断言claim reckon 估计、计算Dictate 口授；命令；听写dictation 听写Dictator 发命令者；独裁者Docile 温顺的；易驯服的Document 文件；证书diploma 证书（学位）licenseDocumentary 纪录片horror 恐怖片thriller 惊悚cartoon / amination Dictionary a walking dictionary / skeleton skinningDictum 格言；断言there is a dictum going…Benediction 祝福Malediction 诅咒Contradict v. 反驳；否认the facts contradict his theoryContradiction n. 矛盾；对立Predict = foresee = forecast 预言；预告；预计predictionCord = heartCordial 至诚的cordially = sincerely yours cordially cordiality n. 挚诚；热情Record recorder recordableConcord concordance concordant adj. 和谐；达成一致Discord discordance discordant 不和谐；不一致；不协调Make / reach a concordanceFail to make / reach a concordance a&bDistribution assignment allocation 分配Distributor 分店Dean 系主任CoreCordate 心形的Ate adj. 有…性质的；如…形状的Roseate 玫瑰状的；玫瑰色的PrivateFortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的fortune 顺境adversity 逆境adverse adj. 不利的adversary n. 对手considerate 体贴的；考虑周到的considerable 大量的passionate adj. 热情的energetic 有活力的enthusiastic 热情的proportionate 按比例分开proportion 比例percentagereach proportion / percentage ofdeterminate 决定determine a is solely determined by bdeterminant n. 决定性因素/条件abomination 厌恶；憎恨hatred n. create a abomination / hatred between a & b contaminate = make sth dirty = pollutiondiscriminate 分别对待racial discriminate 种族歧视dominate 主导；主宰dominant n. 主导性因素enlighten = illuminate 启迪；启示；启发illuminous the Enlightenment 启蒙运动nominate 推荐；提名nominee 被提名的人（作品）terminate = put sth to an end 终结；结束；终止terminal terminatoranthrop 人类；人anthropology / anthropologist 人类学/ 人类学家philanthropy / philanthropist 慈善的/ 慈善家philanthropic 博爱的benevolence n. 仁慈；善行misanthropy / misanthropist / misanthropic 厌恶人类的phile 爱phobia 对…恐惧mania 对…爱好；狂热maniac 疯子；疯狂的work maniac 工作狂biblio 书bibliography = reference booksbibliophile 热爱书的人bibliophobia 厌恶书的人bibliomania 热爱书的人hydrophobia 恐水症francophobe 厌恶法国Francophile 亲法者japanophile 亲日派bible 圣经cert 确定，确实certainty 必然的事to one degree / extent or another 以这样或那样的程度to some measure 在一定程度上by degrees = graduallyascend / descend by degrees-ty 后缀n. 表性质、情况、状态Specialty 独特/ novelty 新颖/ penalty 酷刑/ subtlety 微妙/ entirely / entire / completely Penalize / punish / punishment / empire / emperor / uncertaintyClin 表趋向Decline / reclineRecline on a sofa / recline against in(on) / recline chairInclinev. 倾向于incline to / towardsI incline to the view that…Incline to do 倾向做assume / assert / maintain / containn. a slop 斜坡inclination~ to / towards do sth for sthCult 耕，培养（精心）CultivateEg: she tries to cultivate an air of sophisticatedSophisticated = skillfulCultivatable 可耕、可养的CultivationCultivator数据走势：An upward trend / climb / grow / surge / upsurge / soar / rocket /rocket highA rocketing high can be found…A downward trend / fall / decline / decrease / drop / reduce / slump / plummet / nose-dive There is a nose-dive…Remain stable / steady / stay / constant / maintain the same level / level out / level offA leveling out can be seen……Consume v. 消失Fluctuate around 波动 a minor 最小值Circumstance = atmosphere = ambience (积极、抽象)-ure n. 行为、结果、状态、情况Departure 离开(closure – conceal / disclosure / reveal)Pleasure with pleasureProcedure : 步骤Sculpture / sculptor 雕像/ 雕塑家Floriculture / floriculturistFlora & fauna = plants & animalsNo big dealNo biggie3 dimensional film dimension n. 规模、维度Sb needs to chill 冷静jail sprinkler 洒水车Cycle 圆、环、轮n. 周期、循环Cyclone / trade wind / typhoon / hurricane / tornado / whirlwind / gale / gust / blizzard / hail / thunderstorm / tempest / downpour / drizzle / droplet / sprinkle / shower / sleet / avalanche / deluge / flood / precipitationReach a precipitation of……Autocycle / motorcycleHemicycleUnicycle / bicycle / tricycleUni- / multi-Unilateral 单边的Multilateral 多边的Multinational = internationMulticentric 多中心的Multistorey 多层的Multi-purpose 事半功倍Bi 双by 侧、旁、非正式、副Byroad / bystreet / bypath 小径By time / pastime by hobby / by workBy name / nicknameBy-effect = side effects by-product by-business 自己是老板biweekly 半月刊/ bimonthly 双月刊/ bisexual / bifacial / bilateraltritriangle trilateral 三边的trinity 三位一体，唯一的神trisection 三等分trigonometry 三角学elite 精英versatile 多才多艺joyous = gayoccasion 机会What’s your favorite……Pastime = 宠物、运动Spirit 精灵-try 学术、行业Chemistry / forestry / geometry / dentistry / merchantry旅游场景Cosmopolitan city / metropolitan city 大都市Cosmopolis / metropolis 大都市Cosmology 宇宙学metro 地下交通Characteristics / features / specialties / properties / traits 特点1.必游之地tourist attraction2.历史文化名城 a world-renowned historic & cultural cityWorldly / corny 世俗的3.故地重游an old haunt worthing a revisitSpinning / haunting 萦绕Trip 短途journey 长途（艰辛）excursion = packer 远足Explorer / treckBon voyage 一路顺风Facility 设施infrastructure 基础设施Chromosome 染色体Protagonist 主人公main characters 主角real estate 房地产交通便利：convenience / expedientelevated highway 高架桥、立交桥bus rapid transit BRT 快轨fast train / bullet train / express train / airport expressmake plans before you goitinerary 计划（旅行）schedule / agenda / timetable / journal / diary / datebook / calendar at the top of the agenda 最重要it = goinitiate / initial / initiation / initiative 1.primary 2.最重要at hand = handy = just around the corner 方便go away / get off / fuck off / piss offvital / significant(有意义) / crucial(关键) / critical(关键) / essential / necessary / indispensable(无可替代)/ irreplaceable / imperative(无可比拟)essence 精华at this very crucial / critical juncture 千钧一发-active 表具有…性质、倾向、作业Affirmative 肯定的Comparative 比较的、相当的Argumentative 争辩的、好辩的argumentations 论证Designative 指定的Shanghai located in the yangze river delta(三角洲)Topography: flood plain(冲积平原) / basin(盆地) / bluff(悬崖) / ridge(山脊)/ gorge(峡) / canyon(峡谷) / waterfall / cascade(小瀑布) / blonde(金发) / highland(高地) / plateau(高原) Ridged 崎岖的entrepreneur 企业家branch 分支、子公司Boast v. 1.sth作主语表拥有；2.sb作主语表夸耀。

【小站教育】雅思考试基础语法讲义

雅思考试基础语法讲义一、雅思语法基本知识二、雅思写作：把英语句子写活学生写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。

要使文章耐人寻味，有深度，同学们就应尝试使用一些高级词汇或句型，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给读者(尤其是阅卷老师留下深刻印象)。

具体说来，同学们可尝试以下方法：1. 灵活改变句子开头在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。

但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。

如：(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.→ Only in this way can you do it well.只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.→ By the window sat a young woman.窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。

如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。

如：I like reading while my brother likes watching television.→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

雅思基础语法1

negative outcomes.(剑9，T1，W1)
语法的多样性
e.g.
While it is undeniable that private car use is one of
the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.
• What I like doing after school is changing with the time. I used to …… with friends when I was in secondary school, but since less time is leaving for us now, I begin to …… if I have time. Once I have finished ……, I will ……
skills and generate many creative ideas to improve your quality of life.