听力长对话解题技巧

听力长对话
四级听力长对话共两篇，由一男一女两人的对话组成，包含6-9轮对话，每篇在240词左右，每篇后面设置3-4题，共7道题。虽然仍以对话形式出现,但长对话承载的信息量比短对话大，而且问题是在整篇对话之后提出，各篇200词以上的长度已经开始对同学们注意力的集中程度提出挑战，使得考生在听音时很难抓住关键信息。其实，可以把长对话认为是短对话和听力短文的结合，因为长对话在四级考试中就是听力短文式的出题方式用短对话的形式进行表现。因此也可以把听力长对话看作转入长篇听力的技巧与心理调试阶段，毕竟后面的篇章理解与复合式听写对听解的能力与技巧要求更高。
长对话一般分自由对话和采访两种类型，前者出现几率更高。自由交谈式对话是两个人就某话题交换意见，其间一人总是表现的较为主动，经常发问，而另外一人总是作答、解释现象或者提出观点等。所以自由类对话的听音关键是，迅速识别两人对同一话题的不同视角，密切关注观点的交汇和推进过程。采访类的对话是鲜明的一问一答式，比如：记者就某事采访某人，作报告者回答听众提问，或找工作面试等等。采访类的对话要点引领比较清晰，提问人的问题很容易与题目的问题重合。所以采访类对话的听音关键是把预测的提问与提问者的问题对应，迅速确定关注点。
命题规律
长对话融汇了短对话的特点，但是长对话并不是短对话的简单相加。对于听力长对话,考生应始终牢记:不要奢望将其内容一字不落地完全听懂并且记住。因为即使在日常生活中用母语对话,这也几乎是不可能的,同时也是不必要的。在日常生活中,我们只要掌握自己关心的信息,而在听力考试中,我们则要抓住关键信息。要准确判断哪些是关键信息，我们需要对命题规律有所了解。大学英语四级考试长对话部分的命题模式通常有以下六大类：

I 以对话开头为目标设题
对话的开头部分一般会涉及谈话主题、人物身份、谈话场景等信息，是设计考题的常选之处。
例如2007年6月第23题：
23. A) An employee in the city council at Birmingham.
B) Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.
C) Head of the Overseas Students Office.
D) Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.
录音原文：
M: Sarah, (23) you work in the Admissions Office, don’t you?
W: Yes, I’m… (23) I’ve been here ten years as an Assistant Director.
Q: What is the woman’s present position?

II 以对话结尾为目标设题
例如2008年6月第25题：
25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.
B) It will involve lots of train travel.
C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.
D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.

录音原文：
W: No, I haven’t. But I’ve traveled on the Glacial Express to Switzerland and I traveled across China by train about 8 years ago. I love train travel. That’s why I’m very interested in this job.
Q: Why is the woman applying for the new job?

III 以名词短语设选项问事件或主题
选项均为名词短语，设问一般问对话谈论的事件或主题。
例如2008年6月第19题：
19. A) A notice by the electricity board.
B) Ads promoting electric appliances.
C) The description of a thief in disguise.
D) A new policy on pensioners’ welfare.
录音原文：
W: Gosh! Have you seen this, Richard?
M: See what?
W: In the paper, it says there is a man going around pretending he’s from the electricity board. He’s been calling at people’s homes, saying he is coming to check that all their appliances are safe. Then he gets around them to make him a cup of tea, and while they are out of their room he steals their money, handbag, whatever and makes off with it.
Q：What does the woman want the man to read in the newspaper?

IV 以动词原形或-ING形式设选项问动作
选项均为动词原型或动词-ING形式的题目常被命题人采用，设问一般问正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作。
例如2006年6月的第25题：
25. A) Changing her major.
B) Spending less of her parents’ money.
C) Getting transferred to the English Department.
D) Leaving the university.
录音原文：
W: Oh, they had my best interest at heart, of course, my parents. They always do, don’t they? They believe my job prospects would have been pretty limited with my degree in philosophy. Plus, they give me a really generous allowance, but I’m beginning to feel I am wasting my time and their money. They would be so disappointed, though if I told them I was quitting.
Q：What is Karen thinking of doing?

例如07年6月第22题：
22. A) Demand compensation from the hotel.
B) Ask for an additional discount.
C) Complain to the hotel manager.
D) Find a cheaper room in another hotel.
录音原文：
M: I want to talk to the manager.
W: Wait, wait, wait…uh…Mr. Nelson, I think I can give you an additional 15% discount…
Q: What did the man imply he would do at the end of the conversation?

V 以动词不定式设选项问目的
选项均为动词不定式的题目出现频率很高，设问一般问行为的原因、目的或者将要发生的动作，还经常针对对话中的建议设问。
例如2006年12月第19题
19. A) To go boating on the St. Lawrence River.
B) To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.
C) To call on a friend in Quebec City.
D) To attend a wedding in Montreal.
录音原文：
W: Hey, Bob, guess what? I’m going to visit Quebec next summer. I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding. But while I’m there I’d also like to do some sightseeing.
M: That’s nice, Shelly. But do you mean the province of Quebec, or Quebec City?
W: I mean

the province. My friend’s wedding is in Montreal, so I’m going there first. I’ll stay for five days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province?
Q: What’s the woman’s main purpose of visiting Quebec?

VI以人物关系、地点场景命题为选项问细节和考查综合推断
例如2006年6月第24题：
24. A) Karen’s friend.
B) Karen’s parents.
C) Karen’s lecturers.
D) Karen herself.
录音原文：
W: Oh, they had my best interest at heart, of course, my parents. They always do, don’t they? They believe my job prospects would have been pretty limited with my degree in philosophy. Plus, they give me a really generous allowance, but I’m beginning to feel I am wasting my time and their money. They would be so disappointed, though if I told them I was quitting.
Q: Who thinks Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities?

例如2007年12月第22题：
22. A) At home.
B) In the man’s car.
C) At the airport.
D) By the side of a taxi.
录音原文：
M: Now, you’re taking just one case. Is that right?
W: No, there’s one in the hall as well.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place.

三、 解题技巧
I 预览选项，预测对话范围
浏览选项的主要目的是预测该题的提问、预测谈话主题、扫除生僻单词和易混淆词的障碍。有效的预览可以帮助考生在听音之前就对长对话内容有所窥探，先拔头筹。预览时发现选项都比较简短时，可以概括地预测提问的性质；如果发现选项比较长，则要寻找选项间的异同点。通常情况下，特别长的选项往往有很多共同的内容，只有一些小地方不同，而不同之处就是答题的关键所在，需要特别关注。
例如2007年6月第19题：
19. A) The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.
B) The hotel clerk insisted that he didn’t make any reservation.
C) The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.
D) The hotel clerk couldn’t find his reservation for that night.
预测判断：预览各选项，反复出现hotel clerk, reservation，由此可以推测对话应该是发生在顾客与宾馆职员之间，并且很有可能是围绕订房间展开。
录音原文：
M: Hello, I have a reservation for tonight.
……
W: Charles Nelson, a room for one for the 19th…
M: Wait, wait. It’s for tonight, not tomorrow night.
W: Em…Em…, I don’t think we have any rooms for tonight. ……
Q: What’s the man’s problem?
答题解析：
该题为主旨题。本题是问男士遇到了什么问题。由对话内容看出，正是酒店职员的某种工作失误，导致男士面临难题。男士向酒店职员确认预定今晚的房间，却被告知预定时间是第二天晚上，即当天晚上没有该男士的订房记录。所以答案选[D]。

II 重点关注对话开头
考生在长对话一开始就要进入紧张状态，因为对话开头是常设题处

，一般会涉及谈话主题、人物身份、谈话场景等信息。
例如2008年6月第23题：
23. A) Marketing consultancy.
B) Professional accountancy.
C) Luxury hotel management.
D) Business conference organization.
录音原文：
M: Miss Jones, could you tell me more about your first job with hotel marketing concept?
W: Yes, certainly. I was a marketing consultant responsible for marketing 10 UK hotels. They were all luxury hotels in a leisure sector, all of a very high standard.
Q: What did the woman do in her first job?
答题解析：
这是一篇关于求职面试的对话。本题的设题在对话开头第一轮对话处。通过男士提问关于这位女士第一份工作的情况，女士直接给出了明确答案“a marketing consultant”，所以选[A]。

例如2006年6月第19题：
19. A) To make a business report to the woman.
B) To be interviewed for a job in the woman’s company.
C) To resign from his position in the woman’s company.
D) To exchange stock market information with the woman.
录音原文：
W: Please have a seat, Mr. Thunders. (19) I received your resume last week and I was very impressed.
M: Thank you.
W: We’re a small financial company trading mostly stocks and bonds. May I ask why you are interested in working for us?
Q: What’s the purpose of Mr. Thunders’s visit?
答题解析：
本题也是考查对话开头的信息。首句在问候语之后往往会引出谈话的主题，这通常是长对话的考点。对话开头女士请男士就座后，直接进入正题，说上周收到了男士的简历，接着又询问男士为什么有兴趣来他们公司工作，由此我们可以推知该男士是一位应聘者，来进行求职面试，所以答案为[B]。

III重点关注对话结尾
考生的注意力应该贯穿整个听音过程始终，长对话结尾处也是常设考点处，千万不可轻易放松警惕。
例如2007年6月第25题：
25. A) She will have more contact with students.
B) It will bring her capability into fuller play.
C) She will be more involved in policy making.
D) It will be less demanding than her present job.
录音原文：
W: Oh, yeah, from October 1, I’ll be doing an entirely different job. There’s going to be more committee work. I mean, more policy work, and less dealing with students, unfortunately…I’ll miss my contact with students.
Q: What will the woman’s new job be like?
答题解析：
本题的设题处在对话的结尾。该篇最后一轮对话由男士提问女士今后的职业发展，女士就介绍了自己将要从事的工作的情况：There’s going to be more committee work. I mean, more policy work… 由此可以推断总结出该女士将要从事的新工作会更多涉及policy making，故答案为[C]。

IV 根据选项细节预测答题
考生可以通过分析各选项的关键字眼来推测可能会提出的问题，或者对听音重点进行预

测，做到有的放矢。
例如2007年6月第20题：
20. A) A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.
B) There was a conference going on in the city.
C) The hotel was undergoing major repairs.
D) It was a busy season for holidaymakers.
预测判断：选项中的wedding, conference, repairs 和busy season都可以成为酒店没有空房的理由，因此可以预测该题可能会提问酒店没有空房间的原因。
录音原文：
W: Em…Em…, I don’t think we have any rooms for tonight. There’s a conference going on in town and… er, let’s see…yeah, no rooms.
Q: Why did the hotel clerk say they didn’t have any rooms for that night?
答题解析：
这是细节辨认题。本题是问酒店职员所说他们当晚没有空房间的原因是什么。酒店职员在告诉男士今晚没有任何房间后，接着就解释了没有空余房间的原因：城里正在召开一场会议。故正确答案为[B]。

例如2007年12月第21题：
21. A) The plane is taking off soon.
B) The taxi is waiting for them.
C) There might be a traffic jam.
D) There is a lot of stuff to pack.
预测判断：预览四个选项差别很大，可以预测将要关注对话中的细节。听音时应特别注意plane, taxi, traffic jam, pack这几个特殊字眼。
录音原文：
W: Right, we’re ready. We’ve got the bags. I’m sure there’s no need to rush.
M: There is. (21) I asked the taxi driver to wait 2 minutes, not 20!
Q: Why does the man urge the woman to hurry?
答题解析：
本题问目的原因。首先明白题目中短语urge sb. to do意为“催促某人做某事”。女士认为不用赶时间，而男士催促的原因是出租车司机等了好久了，所以答案选[B]。

V 根据选项动词形式预测答题
各选项均以动词不定式或动词原形开头，可推测该题考查做某事的目的、原因或者将要发生的动作。各选项句首均是动词现在分词表示人物动作，可推测本题可能涉及某人做某事的方式方法途径。
例如 2008年12月第21题:
21. A) To cut down its production expenses.
B) To solve the problem of staff shortage.
C) To improve its administrative efficiency.
D) To utilize its retired employees resources.
录音原文：
W: I can see it’s good for you. What is your company get out of this?
M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their books any more.
Q: Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?
答题解析：
该题各选项均以动词不定式开头，可推测该题考查做某事的目的原因或将要发生的动作。 题目问公司返聘退休人员的原因，从对话最后男士的话中可以看出退休员工有固有人脉，又熟悉工作流程，公司也有灵活变通性，可以推导出公司是想要充

分利用退休人员的人力资源，所以答案选[D]。

例如2008年12月第22题：
22. A) Buy a tractor.
B) Fix a house.
C) See a piece of property.
D) Sign a business contract.
录音原文：
W: Oh, where are we going?
M: I want to show you something.
W: I know, but what is it?
M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.
Q: What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?
答题解析：
该题四个选项均为动词原形的开头，可推测该题考查将要发生的动作。题目问这两位说话者在谈话的时候正打算去做什么，对话开头女士问他们要去哪儿，男士回答要带她去看点东西，就表明了他们正在进行的事件了，而接下来男士又回答女士说去看a farm, 即a piece of property。 所以答案选[C]。

VI 留意语篇衔接词汇
长对话中经常会涉及到表示并列、转折、因果等逻辑关系的短语或句式，比如as well as, in addition, moreover, however, but, so, that’s why等等。这些地方也经常容易设置考点。
例如2006年12月第24题
24. A) The characters.
B) The readers.
C) Her ideas.
D) Her life experiences.
录音原文：
M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?
W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one. But I never really imagine a target audience when I’m writing. The ideas come first. So it really depends on the idea that grabs me next.
Q: 24.What dictates Ms. Rowling’s writing?
答题解析：
本题考点在对话转折和因果关系处。男士提问有没有为成年人写书的计划，女士谈到可能会写，紧接着在but转折处提到她从不预先设定目标读者，而是灵感（ideas）优先，最后用so总结她的创作取决于灵感，所以答案为[C]。

例如2008年6月第25题：
25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.
B) It will involve lots of train travel.
C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.
D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.
录音原文：
W: No, I haven’t. But I’ve traveled on the Glacial Express to Switzerland and I traveled across China by train about 8 years ago. I love train travel. That’s why I’m very interested in this job.
Q: Why is the woman applying for the new job?
答题解析：
本题考点在对话中的因果关系处。女士在对话结尾用that’s why….点明了她对该工作感兴趣的原因。而我们从前文可知that指的是“I love train travel”，由此可以推断新工作会涉及很多train travel，故答案选[B]。

VII 留意对话中的建议意见处
对话中一方给另一方的提出的建议或意见常常会被作为出题重点。因此，听音时要特别注意捕捉一些表达建议的句式，如You’d better…., Why not do…., if I were you….等。
例如2006年12月第20题：
20. A) Study the map of

Quebec Province.
B) Find more about Quebec City.
C) Brush up on her French.
D) Learn more about the local customs.
录音原文：
M: Well, people speak both French and English there. But you’ll hear French most of the time. And all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French-speaking city in the world. So you’d better practice your French before you go.
W: Good advice. ……
Q: What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?
答题解析：
本题设题处在对话中的建议处。由男士说的you’d better…可知他建议该女士旅行前应该先练习一下法语。选项[C]中brush up on French意为practice French，故答案为[C]。

VIII 速记数字信息
对话中出现年代、时间、价格、比率、长度等数字信息的地方，也经常被作为四级长对话的一个考点。但是有别于短对话，长对话通常是考查与数字相关的细节信息，单纯考查数字的题目并不多见。考生在听音时需要区分每个数字出现的情景，比较各数字之间的关系，做相应信息的笔记，然后听清问题，做出选择。
例如2007年6月第21题：
21. A) It was free of charge on weekends.
B) It had a 15% discount on weekdays.
C) It was offered to frequent guests only.
D) It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.
预测判断：
此题考查对话的数字信息处。四个选项全部都是it为主语，从选项中出现hotel，free of charge, 15% discount, 10%discount等信息可以推测是在谈论酒店某物或某服务的价格。在听音过程中就要重点关注数字信息，而且注意听清问题。
录音原文：
W: Well, the best I can give you is a 10% discount plus a ticket for a free continental breakfast.
M: Hey, isn’t the breakfast free anyway?
W: Well, only on weekends.
M: I want to talk to the manager.
W: Wait, wait, wait…uh…Mr. Nelson, I think I can give you an additional 15% discount…
Q: What did the clerk say about breakfast in the hotel?
答题解析：
对话中10%，15%，free等字眼均有出现，10%，15%的折扣都是关于房费的，而提问是关于早餐的信息，所以根据酒店职员的回答，答案应该是[A]

IX 按逻辑常识解题
有些选项明显不符合该对话情景下的常理或者一般生活常识，那么该选项往往不是答案，基本可以直接排除。
例如710分样卷第22题：
22. A) Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.
B) TV commercials are less expensive.
C) Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.
D) TV commercials attract more investments.
预测判断：选项[B]是说电视广告价格较低。而根据常识可以知道，电视广告的价格相对是较高的，尤其是跟报纸广告相比，所以[B]选项为正确答案的可能性很小。
录音原文：
M: TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with advertising in

the papers, as usual?
W: Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.
Q: Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
答题解析：
本题为细节考查题。根据上下文可知女士说 it’s just not enough anymore中的it 指的是advertising in the papers， 由此可知女士的建议采用电视广告的原因是她认为是报纸广告已经不足以满足需要了。故答案选[C]。

X 异类选项排除法解题
如果某一选项明显与其他三个选项内容不同，那么该选项往往不是答案。如果在综合其他各题进行主题推测后，发现某一选项明显与对话主题不相关，那么该选项也往往不是答案。
例如2006年6月第22题：
22. A) She’s worried about the seminar.
B) The man keeps interrupting her.
C) She finds it too hard.
D) She lacks interest in it.
预测判断：该题ACD选项内容都是she为主语，而且由worried about, finds it too hard, lacks interest in it可以推知此题可能涉及she对某事的看法和感受。B选项“这位男士一直在打断她”与其他三项内容没有关系，可以初步排除该选项。
录音原文：
W: No, Jim. I suppose I haven’t. I need to get through it, but I keep drifting away.
M: So, it doesn’t really hold your interest?
W: No, not really. I wouldn’t bother with it, to be honest. But I have to read it for a seminar. I am at the university.
Q: Why can’t Karen concentrate on the book?
答题解析：
本题为推理判断题。女士说她不断地在走神（drift away），表明她对书本内容不感兴趣，而且紧接着男士问女士为什么不认真看书，是不是不感兴趣，女士回答说not really，可见是女士本人对该书不感兴趣，与男士无关，故答案选[D]。