2002年博士试题(石油地质及其新进展)答案要点及评分标准(C卷)

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博士2002年入学试题

博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：高等渗流力学适用专业：油气田开发工程1、已知一流场的复势为：z z F 1)( 推导该流场的等势线和流线方程，并画出渗流场示意图。

（15分）2、推导两分支裂缝井的等势线和流线方程以及产量计算公式。

（15分）3、写出一维理想扩散渗流微分方程式，并说明方程中各项的物理意义。

（10分）4、用保角变换方法推导圆形供给边界地层偏心井产量计算公式。

（10分）5、一维无限大排油坑道（水平、均质、等厚地层），以定压Pw 生产，设原始地层压力为Pi ，导压系数为χ，排油坑道渗流面积为A ：（1）建立渗流微分方程；（2）推导地层压力分布公式；（3）画出地层压力分布变化曲线。

（20分）6、一维油水两相渗流，当考虑重力和毛管力时，(1) 建立渗流微分方程；(2) 推导任一过水断面含水率计算公式；(3) 说明计算含水率的方法和步骤。

（15分）7、推导水平均质地层，单相刚性稳定渗流基本微分方程式。

∂∂∂∂∂∂2 22222P xPyPz++=（15分）博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：高等渗流力学适用专业：油气田开发工程1、已知一流场的复势为：z z F 1)( 推导该流场的等势线和流线方程，并画出渗流场示意图。

（15分）2、写出“双孔单渗”单相流的基本渗流微分方程式，并说明方程中各项的物义。

（10分）3、写出杜哈美积分公式的两种形式。

（10分）4、推导三分支裂缝井的等势线和流线方程以及产量计算公式。

（10分）5、一维无限大水平、均质、等厚地层平面径向流，以定产Q 生产，设原始地层压力为Pi ，导压系数为χ：（1）建立渗流微分方程；（2）推导地层压力分布公式；（3）画出地层压力分布变化曲线。

（20分）7、推导一维水驱油等饱和度面移动方程。

石油地质学新进展试题参考答案

一、解释下列概念(50分)01地层压力是指作用于地层孔隙空间里的流体上的压力，又称孔隙流体压力,或称孔隙压力如果孔隙中流体是水，则正常的地层压力等于静水压力值。

02由于封存箱内外压差导致箱缘破裂，油气水共同涌出的运移方式称为混相涌流。

在盆地沉降时期，封存箱内油气的生成以及孔隙流体的热膨胀或构造(压力、抬升)作用最终导致封存箱的局部破裂，流体沿箱的顶板或边板涌出。

封存箱内的流体混相涌至箱外后，随着压力的下降，油气水三相相互分离，并可能进入水动力系统的控制下。

Hunt(1990)指出，当压力系数下降到大致1.2—1.3时，裂缝重新闭合，或被分解石充填，封存箱内的压力重新积累上升，直至下一次脉冲式破裂和涌流，此至周而复始。

在快速沉积盆地(美国湾岸盆地)这种过程每隔几千年就发生一次。

因此如有大量油气产生于盆地封存箱内，则上述机理及油气垂向运移到上覆正常压力岩层的可能性是客观存在的。

当然，流体也可进入上封存箱。

03指研究人员选择出能够最有效地描述一个含油气系统中绝大多数油气发生的生成-运移-聚集的时间。

也是含油气系统内油气藏形成的主要时间。

04指所有非干酪根晚期热降解成因的名类低熟、早熟的非常规油气，即在生物甲烷气生烃高峰以后，干酪根热降解大量成烃以前(Ro=0.2-0.7%)，由烃源岩中的某些特定有机质，经不同生烃机制的低温生物化学或低温化学反应生成并释放出的液态烃和气态烃，包括天然气、凝析油、轻质油、正常原油、重油和高凝固点油。

Ro=0.2-0.7%相当于干酪根生烃模式的未成熟或低成熟阶段，国内统称为低熟油(或未熟—低熟油)，国外称为“immature Oil”0506“油气系统是油气生成和聚集的物理化学动态系统”，“它包含成熟的烃源岩及所有生成的油气，并包括油气藏形成所必须的一切地质要素和作用”)。

油气：指高度富集起来的各种烃类物质，如原油、凝析油、天然气、重质油、团体沥青等。

系统：相互依存并制约形成的各种地质要素和地质作用。

石油大学石油地质学历年考题综合

2002年博士研究生入学考试《石油地质学及其新进展》考试大纲石油地质学基础部分（70分）第一章石油、天然气、油田水的成分和性质一、油的成分和性质二、天然气的成分和性质三、油田水的成分和类型四、重质油的成分和性质五、石油沥青类中的碳、氢、硫、氧、氮同位素第二章现代油气成因理论一、干酪根热降解成烃的基本原理和模式二、天然气的成因类型及判识三、烃源岩评价的内容和方法第三章储集层和盖层一、岩石的孔隙性和渗透性二、碎屑岩储集层的孔隙类型、形成机理及影响因素三、碳酸盐岩储集层储集空间的类型、形成机理及影响因素四、盖层的类型及其封盖机理第四章石油和天然气的运移一、油气初次运移的动力、相态、通道和模式二、油气二次运移的动力、通道、方向和时期三、油气运移的疏导体系四、地下流体势分析第五章石油和天然气的聚集一、圈闭与油气藏的基本概念二、油气藏形成的基本条件与油气聚集的基本原理三、油气藏形成时间的确定及油气成藏史研究第六章地温和地层压力及其与油气藏形成的关系一、地温场与古地温研究二、地层压力与异常地层压力三、凝析气藏的形成与分布第七章油气藏的类型及其形成机理一、构造油气藏二、地层油气藏三、岩性油气藏四、其他类型的油气藏第八章油气聚集单元一、油气田及其类型二、油气聚集带及其类型、油气藏组合、在盆地中的分布三、含油气盆地及其类型四、油气系统第九章油气资源分布一、我国油气资源分布轮廓二、世界油气资源分布轮廓三、前陆盆地、裂谷盆地和克拉通盆地的石油地质特征第十章油气资源评价概述一、油气资源概念及序列二、盆地评价基本内容及方法三、区带评价基本内容及方法四、圈闭评价基本内容及方法石油地质学新进展（30分）第一章低熟油与煤成油理论第一节低熟油气形成机理一、低熟油的概念二、低熟油气形成的物质基础三、低熟油气的性质及其判识标志四、低熟油气形成机理及地质模式五、我国低熟油的分布及其资源前景第二节煤成油形成机理一、煤成油的概念二、煤和煤系地层的生油潜力三、煤成油的地球化学特征四、煤成油的形成机理和模式五、我国煤成油的勘探前景第二章油气成藏理论新进展第一节流体压力封存箱一、封存箱的概念二、封存箱的特征三、封存箱的识别四、封存箱的形成机理五、封存箱与油气成藏第二节天然气成藏机制一、天然气的溶解性二、天然气的扩散性三、天然气运聚动平衡第三节非常规天然气聚集一、深盆气二、天然气水合物三、煤层气第三章油气系统一、油气系统的概念二、油气系统的划分与命名三、油气系统的研究程序与研究内容四、油气系统研究中的关键技术参考书：张厚福、方朝亮、高先志等编，1999，石油地质学，石油工业出版社钟宁宁、张枝焕编，石油地球化学进展，石油工业出版社，1998张厚福编，石油地质学新进展，石油工业出版社，1998郝石生等著，天然气运聚动平衡原理及应用，石油工业出版社，1994胡见义、黄第藩等，中国陆相石油地质理论基础，石油工业出版社，19912001年地科系博士生入学试题“石油地质学及其进展”一、名词解释（30分，每个名词3分）1.无机成因油气2.干酪根3.排烃门限4.岩性油气藏5.煤层气6.水合甲烷7.资源量8.地质流体9.滚动勘探10.叠合盆地二、简答题（30分，每题10分，任选3题）1.简述盖层封油气机理及主控地质因素2.油气成藏的动力类型及作用机理3.简述油气勘探的地质风险类型及主控因素4.异常地层压力的成因三、论述题（共40分，每题20分，任选2题）1.深盆气成藏机理及其基本特征2.简述油气聚集带与含油气系统概念并评述它们在指导油气勘探中的作用3.论述具有中国特色的油气地质理论在油气勘探中的指导作用2002年博士试题（石油地质及其新进展）答案及评分标准（A卷）一、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）1．孔隙结构：指孔隙和喉道的几何形状（1分）、大小和分布（1分）及其相互连通的关系（1分）。

石油地质学考试试卷第一套参考答案及评分标准1(2010-6)

三、回答题（每题 8 分，40 分）
1、什么叫孔隙结构？用压汞法的原理如何评价储集层的孔隙结构？孔隙结构指岩石所具有的孔隙和喉道的几何形状、大小、分布以及
相互关系。（2 分）评价参数：
①排驱压力（Pd）：是指压汞实验中汞开始大量注入岩样的压力，表
姓名
考试日期
学号
西南石油大学试卷第3页共6页
线变为纯油藏→油气藏→纯气藏的油气分布特征。（2 分）
3、简述油气初次运移的动力因素。 ①压实作用：是沉积物在上覆沉积负荷作用下，沉积物致密程度增
大的地质现象，在压实作用过程中，沉积物通过不断排出孔隙流体，孔隙度不断减少。在正常压实过程中，当烃源岩生成的油、气溶解在孔隙水中，就能够随着孔隙水一起被压实排出，实现油气的初次运移。如果排水不畅，造成欠压实，可以延缓孔隙流体的排出，如果流体的排出正好被推迟到主要生油时期，则将对油气初次运移起到积极作用。还有利于有机质的热成熟，也是驱使油气进行初次运移的潜在动力。（2 分）
提高，使异常高压进一步增强，这种压力的增加将导致微裂缝的产生
（Hedberg，1980），使石油进入渗透性的载岩和储集层。（2 分）
④粘土矿物的脱水作用：泥岩在埋藏过程中，随着深度的增加，粘
土矿物要发生成岩作用，放出大量的层间水，在没有增大的孔隙体积中
造成异常高压，也是油气运移的一个动力。（2 分）
（3 分）
hd=-1000-（-1300）=300 米（4 分）
第6页共6页
（3 分）
在图中标出每个圈闭溢出点的位置（用 Ca、Cb、Cd 表示），圈出闭合面积（用斜线表示），计算每个圈闭的闭合高度（用 ha、hb、hd 表示）。
A：构造—岩性圈闭

中国石油大学历年石油地质学考题及答案汇总

1999年博士生入学试题一、名词解释1、氯仿沥青“A”2、孔隙结构3、排替压力4、隐蔽油气藏5、生物气6、油藏地球化学7、前陆盆地：位于皱褶山系前缘与毗邻克拉通之间的沉积盆地，它包括从山前拗陷到克拉通边缘斜坡的过渡区。

前渊盆地、山前拗陷、山前拗陷—地台边缘拗陷、山前拗陷—地台斜坡等概念都属于前陆盆地范畴。

8、油气藏描述9、控制储量10、流体封存箱：异常压力流体封存箱：指沉积盆地内(1分)由封闭层分割的(1分)异常压力系统(1分)。

箱内生、储、盖条件俱全，常由主箱与次箱组成。

有两种类型，一为超压封存箱，孔隙流体支撑盖层及上覆岩石—流体的重力；另一为欠压封存箱，岩石基质支撑盖层及上覆岩石—流体的重力。

二、问答1、叙述现代油气成因模式，并简要说明我国陆相油气成因理论研究的进展2、举例说明我国东西部含油气盆地类型及其油气藏分布特征的差异3、围绕勘探的任务和目标，试述不同勘探阶段石油地质综合研究的内容和主要方法4、试述影响碎屑岩储层储集物性的地质因素5、讨论烃源岩的排烃机理6、试评述“含油气系统”，并举例说明7、试论述现代油气有机成因理论的主要观点8、试论述天然气的成因类型及其地球化学特征答、（1）成因类型：有机成因气和无机成因气。

有机成因气包括生物气、油型气（腐泥型气）、煤型气（腐殖型气）。

另外，有人对有机成因气除分为上述几种外，还划分出了低温－热催化过渡气以及陆源有机气等（2）地球化学特征：无机成因气，取决于具体成因，一般非烃成分含量较高，可含少量甲烷。

来自深源的无机气一般含较高的氦、氩等。

生物化学气，成分主要为甲烷油型气：依其源岩成熟程度分石油伴生气、凝析油伴生气和裂解干气。

石油伴生气和凝析油伴生气的重烃气含量高。

过成熟的裂解干气，以甲烷为主，重烃气极少。

煤型气：主要为甲烷。

其凝析油重，常含有较高的苯、甲苯以及甲基环己烷和二甲基环戊烷。

另外，煤型气常含汞蒸汽陆源有机气是指成气母质是介于油型气和煤型气母质之间的过渡型，其特征也如此，是陆源有机质，多位分散III型有机质生成的，现在一般归于煤型气。

博士入学考试题_石油地质

博士入学考试题（试卷一）石油地质一、试述烃源岩评价的内容和方法。

答：通常我们将能够生成石油和天然气的岩石称为生油岩，又叫做烃源岩。

对烃源岩的研究和评价包括：＜一＞烃源岩的地质研究烃源岩的地质研究包括烃源岩的岩性、岩相以及厚度的研究，而岩性特征是研究烃源岩的最直观的标志。

1、粘土岩类烃源岩主要包括泥岩、页岩粘土岩等，是在一定的稳定水体中形成的，环境安静缺乏氧气，浮游生物和陆源有机胶体能够伴随粘土矿物的堆积、保存并且向石油转化，富含有机质和低价铁化合物，颜色多呈暗色。

2、碳酸盐岩类烃源岩低能环境下形成的富含有机质的石灰岩，生物灰岩和泥灰岩为主，多呈灰黑、深灰、褐灰及灰色，隐晶粉晶机构，颗粒较少，多呈厚块状，水平层理和波状层理发育，一般最有利的生油相是浅海相、三角洲相和深水湖相。

陆相盆地中，深水湖泊是最有利的生油岩相，其中又以近海地带深水湖盆的泥岩型生油条件最佳。

在空间上最有利的地区是湖盆中央的深水地区，在时间上最有利的是沉积旋回中的持续沉降阶段。

＜二＞烃源岩的地球化学研究作为有效的烃源岩，首先必须具备足够的有机质，良好的有机质类型以及一定的有机质热演化史。

烃源岩的地球化学研究，第一步是测定岩石中可溶有机质和不溶有机质的含量。

第二步是确定干酪根类型以及可溶抽提物的化学组成；最后依据光学性质和物理化学性质来分析有机质的演化阶段，烃源岩的有机化学指标包括：1、有机质丰度：岩石中有足够数量的有机质是形成油气的物质基础，是决定岩石生烃能力的主要因素，目前常用的有机质丰度标准主要包括有机质含炭量仃0C）、岩石热解参数，氯仿沥青”A”和总烃（HC）含量等。

（1）有机碳含量仃0C）:是指岩石中残留的有机碳含量，又称剩余有机碳含量，以单位质量岩石中有机碳的质量百分数来表示。

岩石中有机碳含量与剩余有机质含量之间有一定的比例关系。

一般将剩余有机碳乘以 1.22或 1.33即为所含剩余有机质含量百分比。

（2）氯仿沥青”A ”和总烃（HC）含量：氯仿沥青”A”是指岩石中可抽提的有机质的含量；总烃含量包括氯仿沥青”A ”和芳香烃组分的总和，这两者常是有机质丰度指标之一。

中国地质大学考博真题英语 2002及答案

C H I N A U N I V E R S I T Y O F G E O S C I E N C E SPhD Entrance Examination in English21April 2002LISTEN TO THIS!Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course.The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each.The answers for parts 1,2,3 and 5 (in other words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper.Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test!The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can.We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!PART 1. Imagine that you are on a train to Shanghai. In the seats in front of you there are two foreigners, and you can hear their conversation. One of them is telling the other about his job. He says what he does, not what he is or what field (profession or occupation) he is in.On your paper you see a list of the names of people in 60 different occupations or professions. As you listen, decide what the speaker is. Then find the correct word on the list and write the number beside it in the proper blank on your answer sheet.For instance, suppose you hear this: (Speaker P) “Well, I don’t enjoy lecturing very much, especially to younger students, but I do love my research. I’d be so happy if I could spend every day in the lab with my graduate students and postdocs. However, that’s just not the way university departments operate.”You decide that the speaker must be a professor, so you find “a professor” on your list. You see that the number beside it is 61; you then write the number 61 in the blank beside P on your answer sheet.By the way, in reality there is no P and no 61, and “a professor” is not one of the choices on your list. This is just a theoretical example. You will now have three minutes to read the list. [SILENCE]All right, now let’s begin! [15 points]+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1an accountant 会计31 a librarian2an actor 32 a mathematician 数学家3an airline pilot 民航驾驶员33 a mechanic 机修工（技工）4an architect 建筑师34 a mechanical engineer 机械工程师5an astronomer 天文学家35 a military officer6 a biologist 36 a novelist 小说作家7 a chef 烹调师37 a nurse8 a civil engineer 土木工程师（建筑）38 a paleontologist 古生物学家9 a concert pianist 高级钢琴演奏师39 a press photographer 新闻摄影师10 a construction worker 40 a plumber 管道维修工（水暖工）11 a corporate executive 企业执行总裁41 a poet 诗人12 a dentist 牙医42 a police detective 侦探（刑警）13 a dietician 营养师43 a police patrolman 普通警察（巡警）14 a diplomat 外交官44 p pop singer 流行歌手15an electrician 电工45 a postman 邮递员16 a fashion designer 时装设计师46 a private businessman 私营企业家（个体商人）17 a film critic 电影评论家47 a private detective 私人侦探18 a film director 电影导演48 a psychiatrist 心理医生19 a flight attendant 飞机乘务员49 a psychologist 心理学家20 a florist 花店老板50 a publisher 出版商21 a geologist 51 a radio announcer 电台播音员22 a geophysicist 52 a schoolteacher (primary)23 a graphic designer 图形设计员53 a schoolteacher(secondary)24 a hairdresser 发型设计师54 a software engineer25 a hardware engineer 硬件工程师55 a store clerk/shop assistant26 a hotel manager 56 a surgeon 外科医生27 a journalist 57 a tax official 税务员28 a judge 法官58 a travel agent 旅行社职员29 a lab technician 59 a university student30 a lawyer 60 a vet 宠物医生（兽医）PART 2. In each of the ten sentences below there is an underlined words (or words). Decide which of the words in the list at the bottom of the page can be used to replace the underlined words without changing the meaning of the sentence. The underlined words and the words that you choose must be synonyms. In each case, writer the number found next to the synonym in the appropriate blank on your answer sheet.A.How do you account for the recent drop in the price of oil? 11.explainB.Professor Hillman is the acting director of the institute. 53.temporaryC.We need find a solution quickly or the situation will get worse. 46.seekD.They would like to make some adjustments in the experimental procedure. 21.modifyE.Speakers usually refer to the work of other geologists in their presentations. 20.mentionF.I think you would ask an expert for advice. 7.consultG.This work has to be finished by Friday. 26.no late thanH.We will resume our discussion after a 45-minute break for lunch. 15.go on withI.Where are going to get the money for their research? 14.fundsJ.I don’t claim to be an expert in this field, but I do know something about it. 3.arthorityThe five sentences below also contain underlined words. Find the words in the list at the bottom of the page that mean the OPPOSITE of these underlined words. Again, write the number found next to each item you choose in the appropriate space on your answer sheet.K.They advise us to pay attention to the data from the Indian laboratories. 17.ignoreL.He was educated in a well-known university in southeastern Australia. 27.obscureM.Can we replace kerosene with diesel fuel to run the generator? 33.preserveN.I expect the committee to adopt his proposal at the meeting this afternoon. 55.turn downO.The research he is working on now is fascinating. 28. of little interesting++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++POSSIBLE SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS (=OPPOSITES)1.accept 21. modify 41. reflect on2.after 22. modulate 42. refreshing3.authority 23. monitor 43. responsible for4.before 24. more abundant 44. run out of5.calculate 25. neglect 45. safere up with 26. no later than 46. seek7.consult 27. obscure 47. snack8.counsel 28. of little interesting 48. study9.eminent 29. Optional 49. substitute10.enlightening 30. other choice 50. substitute … by11.explain 31. overturn 51. substitute … for12.foundation 32. ponder 52. summarize13.fund 33. preserve 53. temporary14.funds 34. prior to 54. think about15.go on with 35. profound 55. turn down16.ignorant 36.profundity 56. unprecedented17.ignore 37. prominent 57. utilize18.many 38. questionable 58. versatile19.meal 39. reckon 59. versatile20.mention 40. reduce 60. very interestingPART 3. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C or D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.If the four underlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence, then write E in the space on your answer sheet. REMEMBER! You always have FIVE possible choices: A, B, C, D or E (= no error).1I’ve fallen behind in my studies because I’ve been so sick latterly. I hope you would help me to catch up.2Li Ping has some very powerful family connections in the official world. For example, one of her uncles is the minister of the Minister of Finance and she has a cousin in the prime minister’s office.3It’s not always wise to give a honest answer to delicate questions. There are people in this world whom it’s not a good idea to offend.4A Chinese famous scientist is scheduled to give a lecture this afternoon on our campus. Would you be interested in attending?5Their experiment was almost ruined by the power surge in their lab during the violent thunderstorm just after midnight. Fortunately no damage was done, so the experiment can continue as scheduled.6John was reluctant at first to take this course, but you can see that he begins to enjoy it. The instructor isa first-rate lecture and even the students, who ask good questions, are rather stimulating to have asclassmates.7According to many observers, avoiding open disagreement is a character not only of Chinese people, but also of other East Asia. In fact the tendency may be even more marked among the Japanese.8Zhang Weidong has had a number of articles published on the China Day, the main English-language newspaper in northern China. As a result, his name is familiar to many Chinese university students, who read the paper to practice their English.9When we returned from Europe, we had to bargain with the headmaster of the school to persuade him to accept our son in last October, when the students had started the semester for nearly two months.10He achieved great progresses during his 1.5 years of research in California. After his return to China, he threw himself into his work with fresh enthusiasm and quickly produced a series of excellent papers, two of which were published in major science journals.11When I told John about all the problems I was having with Leonard, my new boss, he asked me several questions about Leonard’s personality and attitudes and then suggested me to quit my job and find another.12Recently we have noticed great changes in John’s relations with his classmates, which shall be traced back to the two weeks he spent doing fieldwork with them in Yunnan over the holiday.13When one of Tom’s closets friends decided to transfer to another university, he had felt unhappy about it for quite a while. Now he seems happy again.14It says in this brochure that the program in environmental studies at the China University of Geosciences is unique in many aspects.15I hope that Professor Wiesner comes to China to do fieldwork in Tibet this summer. Otherwise I may not be available to accompany him, and I think that would be a pity for both of us.16I wonder if fifty dollars is still enough for the taxi ride all the way from the airport to downtown Manhattan. Perhaps you should take some extra cash just in case.17One of the most helpful things about doing research in North America or Europe for two or three years is how quickly a young East Asian scientist can increase his knowledges in his speciality.18The patient, who looks so strange, is the one undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancer. That is why he has lost all his hair and his skin has turned grey.19As you know, all rocks fall into one of three categories: igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary. In Iceland, which is a relatively new terrain, igneous rock predominated over virtually the entire island.20Even John still can’t drive, he has already bought a car. He must be very confident that he will pass his driving test next week. Needless to say, if he doesn’t, he won’t be given a driver’s license.PART 4. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. In each blank you must write ONE appropriateword. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put one and only one word in each blank. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer is automatically wrong. Putting nothing in a blank also counts as an error. [50 points]1.The plane was __at_ the airport for two hours. It landed at 3 o’clock and __took_ off again at 5.2.By stopping very suddenly, the tax driver managed to _avoid__ an accident. If he had hesitated, hewould have __crashed__ the car in front of him.3.Look, the streets are wet. It __must__ have rained during the night.4.She’s been doing exactly the same job for eight years. No wonder she feels _bored__! She _needs__ achange.5.Have you ever __driven___ this kind of car before? I __used__ to own one of these, but I got __rid__ ofit because it consumed __too__ much fuel. It was really quite _expensive__ to operate.6.The wedding will be held __in___ two days. __By__ then, everyone will be very busy __getting___ready for it.7.I like the song that you’re whistling. Do you know any __other___ tunes? When I was young, I knew__lots__ of popular songs, but I don’t seem to have much time for music _these____ days.8.The earthquake, which __happened__ at 17:32 on 3 November 1905, __killed___ 342 people andinjured over 12,000. It also __caused____ enormous damage to property. The local economy took almost a decade to __recover___.9.He spoke __as___ if he were in a great hurry, but in fact he __was n’t___. I __found___ out later thatthat is how he always talks.10._Whose___ bike is that, John’s or mine? I can’t _tell___ the difference between them. They’re bothten-_year___-old black “Flying Pigeon” bicycle.11.Please lower your voice! What are you _shouting__ for? None of us has any _trouble_ hearing, youknow.12._Neither__ of the two big state-owned enterprises in our town was earning any money, so the__government__ decided to __combine___ them into a single company. Quit a few works lost their _jobs__ as a result of the reorganization.13.Soil is __composed___ of a mixture of organic and inorganic. The __latter__ is derived from rock.14.Could you help me to __identify__ this mineral? This is the first time I’ve ever seem anything like it.15.The 2008 Olympic ___Games___ are scheduled to be held in Beijing. I was very excited __on___ thenight when the __announcement___ was made to hold them here.16.The earth’ crust has an __average___ thickness of 35-40 kilometers.17.I __regret__ that I wasn’t able to attend the c onference in Bangkok. Everyone tells me I _missed__ somevery interesting discussions.18.The lab has a __fame/reputation/name___ for doing high-quality analytical work, so I was__disappointed__ when I saw how carelessly they handled the rock samples I sent them.19.The students __complain___ about the food in the campus dining halls. Many dislike it so much thatthey cook for _themselves__, even though it is ___against__ the rules to do so in most of the dormitories.20.The police __warned___ us of the danger of driving on the icy road, but we had no _choice___. It wasimperative that we get to the lad to begin the next stage of the experiment on scheduled.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++PART 5. First read the article below carefully and completely. (Notice that the paragraphs are numbered from 1 to 11.) Then answer the questions on its content. In each case write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. Each answer is worth three points.You are not allowed to use a dictionary. However, we have provided a short list of difficult words with their definitions to help you read the text. Read this vocabulary list before you begin the article.+ + + + + + + + THE END + + + + + + + +。

2002年石油大学(北京)石油地质学硕士研究生考试试题

考试科目：石油地质学一、区分和解释下列名词(4×5=20)1、干酪根与氯仿沥青“A”2、初次运移与二次运移3、相渗透率与相对渗透率4、地层压力与地静压力5、背斜圈闭的构造幅度与其闭合度二、填空题(1×26=26)1、目前，我国最大的油田是_________油田，它位于_________盆地，主要的产油层位是_________系。

2、根据油田水中无机离子的类型，可将油田水分为四种类型(苏林分类法)，其中，_________类型代表地层水封闭条件好。

3、天然气δ13C1的随其烃源岩的演化程度增高而_________；在成熟度相同的条件下，煤型气的δ13C1比油型气的δ13C1 _________。

4、根据元素组成，干酪根一般可分为三种类型，其中Ⅰ型干酪根的原始H/C原子比要比Ⅲ型干酪根的原始H/C原子比______，Ⅰ型干酪根结构中富含________________结构，其生烃能力________。

5、油气二次运移通道的主要类型有___________、___________、___________等。

6、某一盆地存在两套富含有机质的暗色泥岩层(A、B)，有机地球化学分析表明，其中有机质类型均为Ⅱ型，R0值分别为0.4%和2.3%。

该盆地勘探发现了两种不同特征天然气E、F，它们的CH4含量分别为98%和95%；其中δ13C1分别为-68‰、和-28‰，试判断：E天然气来自于______层源岩；F天然气为________成因类型。

7、渗滤和扩散是油气运移的两种基本方式。

其中，_________方式运移遵循流体力学定律，可用_________定律来描述，_________方式运移服从费克定律。

根据流体势的高低可以判断油气的运移方向，油气总是由流体势的______区向流体势的______区运移。

8、从微观机理上讲，油气聚集的机理存在_________作用和_________作用或它们的共同作用的假说(模式)。

2000年地科系博士生入学试题

2000年地科系博士生入学试题(卷一)
“石油地质学及其进展”
一、名词解释(30分，每个名词3分)
1．地层圈闭
2．低熟油气
3．流体势
4．含油气系统
5．流体压力封存箱
6．排替压力
7．凝析气藏
8．油气资源量
9．均—化温度
10．绝对渗透率
二、简答题(40分，任选四题)
1．什么是油气差异聚集原理? (10分)
2．岩性油气藏与构造油气藏的主要差别是什么? (10分) 3．简述天然气的成因类型及其特征。

(10分)
4．层序地层学在石油地质学领域中有哪些应用? (10分) 5．为什么说“油气是在人脑中发现的”? (10分)
三、论述题(30分，任选2题)
1．“三场”与油气藏形成和分布的关系(15分)
2．试述“油气成藏机理”的含义(15分)
3．试述石油地质学理论的最新进展(15分)。

中石油勘探院考博石油地质试题

试题（2008）石油地质学1.名词解释：有效孔隙度，有效渗透率，有效烃源岩，有效储层，有效盖层，生烃强度，沥青垫（共有10个）要把石油地质学（张厚福编）上的基本概念掌握。

2.论述题：1）中国碳酸盐岩储层与碎屑岩储层特点与区别；2）油气无机成因说的概念、内容，与油气有机成因的对比，及其对今后油气勘探的影响。

3）中国陆相石油地质理论的经典内容，当前石油地质理论的进展，今后油气勘探和理论发展的方向。

沉积学1.名词解释：层序地层学，狭义生物礁，最大洪泛面，相2简单题：1）碳酸盐岩储层的分类及成因2）结合研究实例，阐述层序地层学的研究方法和流程3）湖盆三种类型的三角洲的特征4）岩心观察的工作流程及内容。

往年试题沉积学：一、填空题（1*30=30分）1.从母岩到沉积岩形成过程中所经历了那些作用。

2.生物成因的构造有那些。

3.礁的生长环境与那些因素有关，分类。

4.二、论述题（70分）1.论述沉积后作用对储层的影响关系。

2.3.煤系地层为何低孔低渗。

4.什么是层序地层学，谈谈你对它的认识。

5.扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、正常三角洲的异同。

石油地质学一、名词解释（3*10=30分）1.旋光性2.复式油气聚集带3.差异聚集原理4.生物标志化合物5.生油门限6.7.8.9.10.二、论述题（70分）1.潜山油气藏、基岩油气藏、古地貌油气藏的异同。

2.大陆裂谷盆地与拉分盆地的石油地质特征。

3.海陆相生油的区别4.5.什么是含油气系统，谈谈它在中国具有复杂油气成因的叠合盆地中的应用以及应该注意问题。

叠合盆地的概念和相关内容以前也考过。