UNIT 6

Unit 6 T ext BHigher Education in the United States 美国的高等教育1 In the United States,a student who has finished high school may want to continue in higher education．在美国，一名中学生高中毕业后，如果想继续接受高等教育，There are several ways to continue in higher education in the United States．他可以有以下几种选择方式：There are universities, colleges，community colleges，and technical or vocational schools．综合大学、四年制学院、社区学院、职业或技术学院。

Each of these kinds of higher education will be described below．对这几种高等教育方式，下文将分别加以介绍。

2 A university is much larger than a college．It is larger for two reason.综合大学比四年制学院规模大，表现在两个方面。

First，a university in the United States usually has several different colleges in it.首先，美国综合大学通常设有若干个学院。

Each college within a university has a special subject area．每个学院都有专门的学科领域。

There may be a college of liberal arts where humanities，social science ,natural science, and mathematics are taught．一般设有文学院，开设的课程有人文学科、社会科学、自然科学和数学等。

There may be a college of education where students learn to be teachers．也可能设有教育学院，学生可以在这里通过学习成为教师。

There may be a college of business where business subjects are taught．也可能设有商学院开设商业课程。

All of these colleges may be part of one university.所有这些学院可能仅占一所综合性大学的一部分。

Sometimes，in a university，each college is called a“school”：“The School of Liberal Arts”，“The school of Business”or“The School of Education"．有时，综合大学内的每一个学院都可被称为学院：文学院、商学院、教育学院。

Second，a university always has programs for advanced or graduate study in a variety of subjects．其次，综合大学总是设有多种学科的高级专业学院或研究院，There may be a medical school，a law school，and other advanced programs．比如医学院、法学院或其他高级专业学院等等。

3 Students in the United States must have a high school diploma or its equivalent, to enter one of the colleges in a university．在美国，学生要入综合性大学的学院学习，必须有高中毕业证或者具有同等学力。

Most students have completed regular high school programs．大部分学生都完成了正规的高中教育课程，Some older students may have the same amount of education even though they have not completed high schoo1．一些年龄大的学生尽管没有完成正规的高中学习，但也接受了同等程度的教育。

These students have the equivalent of a high school degree．这些学生具有高中同等学力。

University students may study for an undergraduate degree in the arts or sciences．大学学生可以通过学习获得理学或文学的本科学位。

If they complete a course of study in the arts，they receive Bachelor of Arts degrees．In the sciences，they receive B．S．degree．如果完成了文科的课程学习将获得文学学士学位，理科的学生将获得理学学士学位。

Students may leave university at this time，or they may choose to go on for a graduate or professional degree．大学毕业后，学生可以离开学校或选择继续攻读研究生学位或专业学位。

4 A university may get money for its expenses from several different sources．综合大学经费的资金来源可有以下几个方面。

It may get some money from the state government．If so, it is a publicly funded university．若是依靠政府提供资金，就是公办大学。

It may get money only from private sources：也有的学校资金依靠私人来源：contributions ,tuition(fee for teaching)，investments，and other sources．捐献、学费、投资及其他来源等等，If this is the case．it is a privately funded university．这种类型的学校是私立大学。

Finally，a university may be funded by a religious group．另外一种类型的就是靠教会支持的大学。

5 A university program for undergraduates usually takes four years．综合性大学本科教育计划通常是四年。

In this way，a university and a college are alike．这一点和四年制学院相似。

College students usually spend four years in school also．学院的学生通常也要在学校渡过四年的时间。

A college，however，usually has only one or two kinds of programs．但是四年制学院通常仅有一到两种类型的课程计划。

A college does not have graduate or professional programs in a variety of areas．学院在各种领域不设研究生或专业课程教育。

6 A college is also like a university in the kinds of students it has．在学生类型上，四年制学院的和综合性大学的差不多。

College students，like university students，usually have a high school diploma when they enter college．同综合性大学的学生一样，四年制学院的学生在入学时通常都有高中毕业证。

If a college student completes a course of study in the arts，he or she receives a Bachelor of Arts degree．如果四年制学院的学生完成了文科的课程学习，也获得文学学士学位。

In the sciences，the students receive A Bachelor of Science degree．理科的学生获得理学学士学位。

If college students want to continue for a graduate or professional degree，they must go to a university．如果四年学院的学生想继续攻读研究生学位或专业学位，必须到综合性大学去。

7 The college is usually funded in one of the three ways．四年制学院经费来源通常也不外乎上文所列的三种方式。

It may be publicly or privately funded．Or，it may be funded by a religious group．可能是公立的也可能是私立的，或者可能是教会资助的。

8 Compared to universities and colleges，community colleges in the United States are quite different．在美国，社区学院同综合性大学和四年制学院相当不一样。

The programs of study in the community college usually last only two years．Many different subjects are taught in the community college．but not all subjects．社区学院一般是两年制，并开设许多不同的课程。

Not all of the subjects are taught in the community college．Not all of the subjects are the usual school subjects．有些课程是平常学校所不开设的。