中国文化概论复习题(最终稿)

1. Eight Taoist Immortals2. The Book of Songs3. Sima Qian4. The Four Literary Eminences5. Dream of the Red Mansions6. Huangmei Opera7. Official schools8. Eight-part Essay9. Compass vehicle10. G oldbach's Conjecture11. Shadow boxing12. Spring Festival13. Cowherd and Weaver Maid14. Efang Palace15. Beijing quadrangles1.The Eight Taoist Immortals were popularly worshipped by Taoist believers as wellasordinary people. They were Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Lu Dongbin, Tieguai Li, He Xian'gu, Lan Caihe, Han Xiangzi and Cao Guojiu.2.The Book of Songs is a collection of China's 305 oldest poems from the earlyWestern Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period, and is regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China. In the light of rhythms, the works can be divided into three sections: Feng ,Ya and Song.3.Sima Qian was the first historian to record and narrate historical events in the formof individual biographies. Records of the Grand Historian is a monumental work that recording the Chinese history from the time of the legendary figure Yellow Emperor to the Han Dynasty, over a period of about 3,000 years, in 130 chapters.4.The Four Literary Eminences refer to the four pre-eminent poets of the early TangDynasty, Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu Zhaolin, the pioneers of Tang poetry. Their poems, in a refined language, boast beautiful tonal patterns and rhyme schemes.5.Written by Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Mansions is the pinnacle of Chinesenovels. It has long been acknowledged as the greatest novel in Chinese literature.This novel describes the prosperity and decline of a large feudal family. The central thread of the novel is the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. Instead of telling the love story, it taps the social origins of the tragedy through probing deeply into the characters' minds and complicated relationships.The novel contains poems, ci, lyric verse and prose essays, which fit the plot and the fate of the characters.6.Huangmei Opera has been performed for over 200 years. It is a local opera inAnhui Province and evolved from the "Caicha Tune" (tea-picking tune) of Huangmei County, Hubei Province. The music of Huangmei Opera is its core attraction: light and lyrical. Huangmei Opera is easy to understand and learnbecause it uses simple words and literary traditions.7.Official schools began during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and were sponsored bythe official constitution called xiangxue. Only children of nobles were admitted.The official schooling system included a central school and local schools in different administrative regions. The teaching materials were centered on The Four Books and The Five Classics.8.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, candidates of the imperial examinations wererequired to write essays in strict accordance with an eight-part form known for its rigidity of form and strict adherence to the ideology of the ruling class. New ideas were condemned. An essay in this style must consist of eight paragraphs, each paragraph must be written in a set form. Thus, the Eight-part Essay in the classical literary language of earlier eras became the major written genre of the time.9.The compass vehicle was an ancient Chinese vehicle equipped with many gearwheels and a wooden figure that always pointed south no matter which direction the vehicle went. It's an earlier and more primitive form of the compass.10.Chinese mathematician, Chen Jingrun, achieved worldwiderecognition in 1977 with his calculation of Goldbach's Conjecture. Chen's theorem states that every sufficiently large even number can be written as the sum of either two primes, or a prime and a semiprime (the product of two primes) which can be abbreviated as 1+2. ( Wikipedia上有关Chen's theorem的定义：.)(任何一个足够大的偶数都可以表示成两个素数或一个素数与一个半素数的和，也就是我们通常所说的“1＋2”。

)11.S hadow boxing is a school of Chinese popular martial arts marked with slow andgentle movements that are designed for defense, strengthening of physique and prevention of diseases.12.S pring Festival, also called the Chinese New Year, is China's most importantfestival that falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month each year. Family members gather just as they do for Christmas in the West.13.T hey are the characters in the legendary story in Chinese Double Seventh Day. It issaid that at night when the sky is dotted with stars, people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south. On each bank of it there is a bright star which looks at each other from afar. They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid.And about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation. Now they refer to couples who are departed from each other by a long distance.14.T he famous palace complex, Efang Palace, built near Xi'an by and for the FirstEmperor of Qin more than 2,000 years ago, covered 80,000 square meters and could hold 10,000 people.15.Q uadrangle dwellings in Beijing are formed by four inward-facing houses, linkedby enclosure walls. The principal room at the centre is where family rituals take place and distinguished guests are welcomed. The courtyards provide ideal outdoor living space with spacious gardens, flowers, trees and a peaceful atmosphere.中庸天命之謂性，率性之謂道，修道之謂教。