2008-2012年英语专八人文部分真题及答案(部分有解析)
2012年英语专业八级真题和答案详解
2012年英语专业八级真题和答案详解TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to themini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour -- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings’ novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creativepersonality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee’s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan’s economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan’s slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5. PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I’d been oblivious to my “water footprint”, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. TheDutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the “Green Blue Book” by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I’ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I’ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I’ve even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I’ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I’ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the “Green Blue Book” website and usedits water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I’m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I’m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I’m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they’re madefrom water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend’s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I’d been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes’ outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It’s one I’m trying, and that’s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green BlueBook.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author’s feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advancedwater-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, “...how mv own actions factored in” me ansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed tofreshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. “My entire closet is borderline Olympic” is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph’?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous. TEXT BIn her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do bett er than I?”Jaffe’s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted bysocial psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren’t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis.In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year.A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumniof Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions onparticipation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics.” If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparac ino’s studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe’s statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in highschool study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees’ intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned asa distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one’s recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the firstparagraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe’s novel.B. present the author’s counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author’s argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications. TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn’t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George’s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light ofthe shoemaker’s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window.“What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?” Mr. Cattanzara asked. “l see you walkin’ around at night.”George felt embarrassed. “I like to walk.”“What are you doin’ in the day now?”“Nothing much just now. I’m waiting for a job.” Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn’t working, George said, “I’m reading a lot to pick up my education.”“What are you readin’?”George hesitated, then said, “I got a list of books in the library once and now I’m gonna read them this summer.” He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him.“How many books are there on it?”“I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred.”Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth.“I figure if l did that,” George went on earnestly, “it would help me in my education. 1 don’t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean.”The change maker nodded. “S till and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.”“It might take longer.”“After you’re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?” said Mr. Cattanzara.“When I’m finished,” George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophieknew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George’s reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach-in” honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciationfor the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln cente nnial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acutesense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l’m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we laterwatched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But he’s so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have los t the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What’s often missing, though, is the timelessLincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year’s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 cel ebrations different from this year’s?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln’s presidency.28. In the author’s opinion, thecounter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln’s greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. “The lettuce was lonely wit hout tomatoes and cucumbers for company” is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of” situation i s calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety. PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)。
(完整版)英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案
2014年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1. The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD M.A.K Halliday4. The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7. The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8. The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10. William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD2013年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案PART III GEBERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31 The full official name of Australia is A. The Republic of Australia. B. The Union of Australia. C. The Federation of Australia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT A. its mineral resources. B. its heavyindustries. C. its forest resources. D. its fertile and arable land.33. In the United States community college offer A. two-year programmes. B. four-year programmes. C. postgraduate studies. D. B.A. or B.S. degrees.34. In ______, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly.A. 2000B. 1946C. 1990D. 199735. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration? A. A weak seat. B.Knock and kick. C. Safe and sound. D. Coal and boat.36. Who wrote Mrs. Warr en‟s profession? A. George Bernard Shaw. B. William Butler Yeats.C. John Galsworthy.D. T.S. Eliot.37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) A. autobiography. B. short story. C. poem. D. novel.38. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? A. Unlock. B. Government. C. Goes. D. Off-stage.39. ________is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to. A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C. Denotation D. Assimilation40. The sentence “Close your book and listen to me carefully!” performsa(n) _______function. A. interrogative B. informative C. performative D. directive keys:31-35 DBADC 36-40 ADCBD2012年英语专业八级真题(word版)人文知识部分31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.Keys:31-35 DBACD 36-40 ACBDA2011专八人文知识真题参考答案31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______. A. Northern Ireland B. Wales C. EnglandD. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores. A. the French B. the Germans C. the British D. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? A. Canada. B. New Zealand. C. Great Br itain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? A. Th omas Jefferson. B. Thomas Paine. C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England. A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's histor y.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? A. The Great Gatsby . B. The Sun Also Rises. C. The Sound and the Fury. D. Beyond the Horizon.38. _______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________. A. absence of obstructi on B. presence of obstruction C. manner of articulation D. place of articulation40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individ ual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________. A. Pidgin B. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. BilingualismKeys:31-35 BDABD 36-40 CACAC2010年英语专八人文知识真题答案31. Which of the following is INCORRECTA. The British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 12156B. The British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. The British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of lawD：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A. 1770 B. 1788C. 1900D. 190 134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson 35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems? A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as—————— A. alle gory B. sonnet C. blank verse D. rhyme38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introd uction39. The word “motel” comes from “motor–hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” servesA. an express functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive fu nctionKeys:31-35 DADAC 36-40 DAACB2009年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31. The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A. the governor-generalB. the Prime MinisterC. the high commissionerD. the monarch of United Kingdom32. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London33. Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President ?A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Thomas PaineD. John Adams34. Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?A. PerthB. AdelaideC. SydneyD. Melbourne35. Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A. Willian BlakeB. Willian WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridegeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A. Thomas HardyB. John GalworhtyC. D.H. Lawrence D. James Joyce38. The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A. corpus linguisticsB. socialinguisticsC. theoretical linguisticsD. psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A. dialectB. idiolectC. pidginD. register40. When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______.A. an illocutionary actB. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the aboveKey: 31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA2008年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31. The largest city in Canada is_______.A. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPT_____.A. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called______.A. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.Key：31-35 BCADB 36-40 CDACD2007年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31. The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaningKey: CDACD CABDA2006年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is_____.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A . the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. T.S.EliotB.wrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O'NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context39.The words"kid,child,offspring" are examples of__.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A. HalliayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. SaussureKey：31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBD2005年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1. The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD M.A.K Halliday4. The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7. The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8. The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10. William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD。
英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案
1. The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD Halliday4. The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5. . presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, .A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7. The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8. The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10. William Sidney Porter, known as , is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS:1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD2013年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案PART III GEBERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the bes t answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31 The full official name of Australia is A. The Republic ofAustralia. B. The Union of Australia. C. The Federation of Australia. D. The Commonwealth of Australia.32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT A. itsmineral resources. B. its heavy industries. C. its fore st resources. D. its fertile and arable land.33. In the United States community college offer A. two-year programmes. B. four-year programmes. C. postgraduate studie s. D. . or . degrees.34. In ______, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish pa rliament and a Wales assembly. A. 2000 B. 1946 C. 1990 D. 199735. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration? A. A weak seat. B. Knock and kick. C.Safe and sound. D. Coal and boat.36. Who wrote Mrs. Warren?s profession? A. George Bernard Shaw.B. William Butler Yeats.C. John Galsworthy.D. .Eliot.37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n) A. autobiography.B. short story.C. poem.D. novel.38. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? A. Unlock. B. Government. C. Goes. D. O ff-stage.39. ________is a language phenomenon in which words sound like whatthey refer to. A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C.Denotation D. Assimilation40. The sentence “Close your book and listen to me carefully!”per formsa(n) _______function. A. interrogative B. informativeC. performativeD. directivekeys:31-35 DBADC 36-40 ADCBD2012年英语专业八级真题(word版)人文知识部分31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. . Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. . Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is anexample ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must bea vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule. rule. D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?. . . .40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular typeof" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.Keys:31-35 DBACD 36-40 ACBDA2011专八人文知识真题参考答案31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______. A. Northern Ireland B. Wales C. England D. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans toreach Australia's shores. A. the French B. the Germans C. the Br itish D. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? A. Thomas Jefferson. B. Thomas Paine. C. John Adam s.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England. A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? A. The Great Gatsby. B. The Sun Also Rises. C. The Sound and the Fury. D. Beyond the Horizon.38. _______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. A. Semantics B. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________. A. absence of obstruction B. presence of obstruction C. ma nner of articulation D. place of articulation40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________. A. Pidgin B. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. BilingualismKeys:31-35 BDABD 36-40 CACAC2010年英语专八人文知识真题答案31. Which of the following is INCORRECTA. The British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 12156B. The British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. The British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of lawD：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770 B. 1788C. 1900D. 190134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by A. Abraham Lincoln B. Thomas Paine C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in hi s poems? A. Will Blake B. C. Robert Browning D. William Wordswor th36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. William FaulknerD. Theod ore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaningis defined as—————— A. allegory B. sonnet C. blank verse D.rhymerefers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language production D. language introduction39. The word “motel”comes from “motor–hotel”．This is an example of “…”in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. bl ending D. acronym40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed”s ervesA. an express functionB. an informative functionC. a performativefunction D. a persuasive functionKeys:31-35 DADAC 36-40 DAACB2009年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31. The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A. the governor-generalB. the Prime MinisterC. the high commissionerD. the monarch of United Kingdom32. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London33. Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the . President ?A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Thomas PaineD. John Adams34. Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?A. PerthB. AdelaideC. SydneyD. Melbourne35. Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A. Willian BlakeB. Willian WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridegeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A. Thomas HardyB. John GalworhtyC. . LawrenceD. James Joyce38. The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A. corpus linguisticsB. socialinguisticsC. theoretical linguisticsD. psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers ofdifferent languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A. dialectB. idiolectC. pidginD. register40. When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone toopen the window, he is performing ______.A. an illocutionary actB. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the aboveKey: 31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA2008年英语专业八级人文知识真题及答案31. The largest city in Canada is_______.A. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims ontheir way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century BritainEXCEPT_____.A. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”？A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form iscalled______.A. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.Key：31-35 BCADB 36-40 CDACD2007年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案31. The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rulesof word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40. The word tail on ce referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used tomean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaningKey: CDACD CABDA2006年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washingtoncapital of New Zealand is_____.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamiltonwere the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The EskimosPrime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A . the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinetof the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. B.C. Theodore DreiserD. James Joycenovel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O'NeilD. Ernest Hemingwayis defined as an expression of human e motion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigramessentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. contextwords"kid,child,offspring" are examples of__.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonymsdistinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A. HalliayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. SaussureKey：31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBD2005年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1. The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A arbitrarinessB productivityC cultural transmissionD finiteness3. The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A John ScarlB Johan AustinC Noarn ChomskyD Halliday4. The capital city of Canada is __.A MontrealB OttawaC VancouverD York5. . presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A eight-yearB four-yearC six-yearD two year6. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, .A HustonB BaltimoreC PhiladelphiaD Boston7. The state church in England is __.A The BaptistB The Roman CatholicC The Protestant ChurchD The Church of England8. The novel Emma is written by__.A Jane AustenB ElizabethC Gaskell Charlotte BronteD Mary Shelley9. Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A William WordsworthB Percy B. ShelleyC George G. ByronD George Eliot10. William Sidney Porter, known as , is most famous for __.A his poemB his playsC His novelsD his short storiesKEYS:1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD。
2012年专业英语八级真题及答案解析
2012年专业英语八级真题及答案解析(1~10/共10题)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Play00:0008:57VolumeObserving BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences—daily life observation-casual-__1__-dependence on memory—research observation-__2__-careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research—time sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but __3__Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.—__4__-definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans´ or animals´ behaviour__5__acrosscircumstances-__6__: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour __7__—observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research __8__over conditions—observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour __9__-__10__: no intervention-researcher: a passive recorder第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题第8题第9题第10题下一题(11~15/共5题)SECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0006:55Volume第11题Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A.Creativity stems from human beings´ novel thinking.B.The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C.Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D.The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.第12题The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA.seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.B.appears to be the result of the environment.C.appears to be more associated with great people.es from both environment and genetic makeup.第13题How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.第14题Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A.Unconventional.B.Critical.C.Resolute.D.Original.第15题The interviewee´s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA.brain exercising will not make people creative.B.most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C.creativity can only be found in great people.D.the environment is significant in the creative process.上一题下一题(1/5)SECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0001:27Volume第16题What is the news item mainly about?A.A problem in the cooling system was solved.B.A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C.U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D.An international space station was set up.上一题下一题(17~18/共5题)SECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0001:39Volume第17题In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A.India.B.Egypt.C.The Philippines.D.Not mentioned.第18题What is the main purpose of the study?A.To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.To investigate ways of physical punishment.C.To analyze child behaviour across countries.D.To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.上一题下一题(19~20/共5题)SECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Play00:0001:15Volume第19题According to the news item, Japan´s economic growth in the second quarter was ______ less than the first quarter.A.4 percentB.3 percentC.0.6 percentD.3.4 percent第20题How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan´s slow economic growth?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5上一题下一题(21~26/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.I used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast´my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I´d been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I´ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape-systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I´ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I´ve even entered the last bastion of greendom-installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I´ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I´ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect-not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers- coffee, wine and beer- I´m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I´m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I´m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather-boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they´ re made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend´s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt fromthis strategy, but I have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I´d been doing that for the past year to save money My clothes´ outrageous water footprint just reinforced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It´s one I´m trying, and that´s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently; and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)第21题According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA.worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.B.collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.C.made the author aware of freshwater shortage.D.helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.第22题Which of the following reasons can best explain the author´s feeling of self-satisfaction?A.His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.B.Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C.He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.D.He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.第23题According to the context, "...how my own actions factored in" meansA.how I could contribute to water conservation.B.how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.C.what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D.what efforts I should make to save fresh water第24题According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA.he was having more meat and coffee.B.his lifestyle was too extravagant.C.globally there will be less fresh water.D.his clothes used even more virtual water.第25题"My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA.analogy.B.exaggeration.C.understatement.D.euphemism.第26题What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A.Sarcastic.B.Ironic.C.Critical.D.Humorous.上一题下一题(27~31/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.In her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe´s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren´t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those dassmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond - for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantialnumbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their dass reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, hatemity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.第27题According to the passage, Sparacino´s studyA.found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.B.found evidence for attendees´ intense desire for showing off success.C.showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.D.provided strong evidence for Jaffe´s statement.第28题Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A.Class reunions have become a profitable business.B.Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.C.Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.D.U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one´s recent success.第29题What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A.Shared experience beyond the eampus.B.Shared undergraduate experience on campus.C.The special status their university enjoys.D.The variety of activities for class reunion.第30题The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA.serve as prelude to the author´s argument.B.present the author´s counterargument.C.introduce Rona Jeffe´s novel.D.bring into foeus contrasting opinions.第31题What is the passage mainly about?A.Alumni reunions and American university traditions.B.Alumni reunion and its soeial and eeonomie implieations.C.Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.D.A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.上一题下一题(32~35/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.One time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn´t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George´s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the fight of the shoemaker´s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window. "What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "I see you walkin´ around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin´ in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I´m waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn´t working, George said, "I´m reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin´?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a fist of books in the library once and now I´m gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if 1 did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don´t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for one summer.""It might take longer."´After you´re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr Cattanzara."When I´m finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he wasreading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.第32题In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA.showed a wide interest.B.was fond of drinking.C.often worked overtime.D.liked to gossip after work.第33题It can be inferred from the passage thatA.George lied at the beginning and then became serious.B.George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.C.Mr. Cattanzara was doubtful about George throughout.D.Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George´s reading plan.第34题After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA.remained the same as usual.B.became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C.began to like his neighbours more than ever.D.continued to read the books from the list.第35题We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA.found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.B.found that his sister remained skeptical about him.C.was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.D.had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he´s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol´s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memoryAdmirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted - and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away And you don´t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this issomething we can´t afford to lose.Compare this year´s celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln´s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln´s presidency was still a living memory for coundess Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what I´m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy- feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember-as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he´s so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln´s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We´ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What´s often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we´ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.The author thinks that this year´s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.B.no activities can be compared to those in 1909.C.no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.D.no memorial coins will be issued.第37题According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year´s?A.Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B.Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C.Respect for great people and their influence.D.Temporal proximity to Lincoln´s presidency.第38题In the author´s opinion, the counter-conferenceA.rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B.resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.C.came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D.offered a brand new reassessment perspective.第39题According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.B.shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.C.reflects the present-day tendency of worship.D.conforms to traditional images.第40题Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A.The memorial is symbolic of the great man´s achievements.B.Lincoln´s greatness remains despite the passage of time.C.Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.上一题下一题(1/10)PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.第41题The Maori people are natives ofA.Australia.B.Canada.C.Ireland.D.New Zealand.上一题下一题(2/10)PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.。
英语专八历年人文知识真题及答案
31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued byA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written byA. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway servesA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.31. The Head of State of New Zealand isA. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland isA. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?A. Thomas Jefferson.B. George Washington.C. Thomas Paine.D. John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?A. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Windwas written byA. William Blake.B. William Wordsworth.C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.D. Percy B. Shelley.36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?A. Ralph Waldo Emerson.B. Walt Whitman.C. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written byA. Thomas Hardy.B. John Galsworthy.C. D.H. Lawrence. D. James Joyce.38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production isA. corpus linguistics.B. sociolinguistics.C. theoretical linguistics.D. psycholinguistics.39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is calledA. dialect.B. idiolect.C. pidgin.D. register.40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performingA. an illocutionary act.B. a perlocutionary act.C. a locutionary act.D. none of the above.31. The largest city in Canada isA. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested inA. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand isA. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarch,D. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work byA. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPTA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the 40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is calledA. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.2007英语专业八级考试人文知识31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPTA. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented byA. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written byA. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia wereA. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written byA. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPTA. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example ofA. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning31.The Presidents during the American Civil War wasA. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A. The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA. the Shadow Cabinet B .the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. T.S.EliotB. wrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O'NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context39.The words"kid,child,offspring" are examples ofA. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made byA. HalliayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Saussure31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. Ottawa √C. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-year √C. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston. √B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England √注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen. √36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot. √C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories. √D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures. √C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性√注：design feature: features that define our human languages, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement , cultural transmission, etc.相关内容请点击查看：胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin. √C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday .注：John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning.2010英语专业八级考试人文知识答案31-35 DAAAC 36-40 DAACB2009英语专业八级考试人文知识答案31、（D）the monarch of the United Kingdom 32、（B）Edinburgh. 33、（A）Thomas Jefferson. 34、（C）Sydney35、（D）Percy B. Shelley 36、（B）Walt Whitman.37、（C）D.H. Lawrence. 38、（D）psycholinguistics.39、（C）pidgin. 40、（A）an illocutionary act. 2008英语专业八级考试人文知识答案31-40、BCADBBDACD2007英语专业八级考试人文知识答案31-35 CDACD 36-40 CABDA2006英语专业八级考试人文知识答案31-35 BCADA 36-40 DBDBD。
2012年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT:150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check you work.Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However,there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.【答案与解析】(1)rare(no)formal records细节题。
专八人文知识真题及答案
专八人文知识真题及答案2003年英语专八人文知识真题31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century[D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the ?fth century, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism2004年英语专八人文知识真题31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT .[A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year.[A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992.[A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream".[A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr[C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.[A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson[C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .[A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery[C] local color [D] symbolism37. Hemingway's writing style, together with his theme and the hero, is greatly and permanently influenced by his experiences .[A] in his childhood [B] in the war [C] in America [D] in Africa38. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of .[A] manner of articulation [B] openness of mouth[C] place of articulation [D] voicing39. Which of the following words can correct two clauses ina coordinate sentence?[A] Through. [B] When. [C] But. [D] If.40. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.[A] Word [B] Morpheme [C] Allomorph [D] Root2005年英语专八人文知识真题31. is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver [B] Ottawa [C] Montreal [D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term.[A] two-year [B] four-year [C] six-year [D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston. [B] Boston. [C]Baltimore. [D] Philadelphia.34. is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church [B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church [D] The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by .[A] Mary Shelley [B] Charlotte Bront? [C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell [D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth. [B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron. [D] Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for .[A] his poems [B] his plays [C] his short stories [D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of .[A] language functions [B] sentence structures [C] textual organization [D] word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission. [D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by .参考答案：BBADA BCBDB2006年英语专八人文知识真题31. The President during the American Civil War was .[A] Andrew Jackson [B] Abraham Lincoln [C] Thomas Jefferson [D] George Washington32. The capital of New Zealand is .[A] Christchurch [B] Auckland [C] Wellington [D] Hamilton33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori. [C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .[A] the Shadow Cabinet [B] the Parliament [C] the Opposition[D] the Cabinet35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D.H. Lawrence. [C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.36. The novel For Whom the Bell T olls is written by .[A] Scott Fitzgerald [B] William Faulkner [C] Eugene O'Neill[D] Ernest Hemingway37. is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet [C] Ode [D] Epigram38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of .[A] reference [B] meaning [C] antonymy [D] context39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of .[A] dialectal synonyms [B] stylistic synonyms[C] emotive synonyms [D] collocational synonyms40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by .[A] Halliday [B] Chomsky [C] Bloomfield [D] Saussure参考答案BCADA DBDBD2007年英语专八人文知识真题31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT .[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by .[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister [D] the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by .[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington[C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were .[A] the Red Indians [B] the Eskimos [C] the Aborigines [D] the35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bront??[A] Oliver Twist. [B] Middlemarch. [C] Jane Eyre. [D] Wuthering Heights.36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) poet and playwright.[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by .[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Ralph Ellis on [D] James Baldwin38. refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.[A] Phonology[B] Morphology[C] Semantics[D] Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .[A] lexical[B] syntactic[C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic40. The word "tail" once referred to "the tail of a horse", but now it is used to mean "the tail of any animal." This is an example of .[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning[C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning参考答案CDACD CABDA2008年英语专八人文知识真题31. The largest city in Canada is .A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in .A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Conress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is .A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Caterbury T ales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by .A. Willian LanglandB. GeoffreyC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-know female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT .A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D.Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry"?A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. PolysemyD.homonymy参考答案BCADBBDACD2009年英语专八人文知识真题31. The Head of State of New Zealand is .[A] the governor-general [B] the Prime Minister[C] the high commissioner [D] the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is .[A] Glasgow [B] Edinburgh [C] Manchester [D] London33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?[A] Thomas Jefferson. [B] George Washington. [C] ThomasPaine. [D] John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?[A] Perth. [B] Adelaide. [C] Sydney. [D] Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by .[A] William Blake [B] William Wordsworth[C] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [D] Percy B. Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Herman Melville. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by .[A] Thomas Hardy [B] John Galsworthy [C] D.H. Lawrence [D] James Joyce38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is .[A] corpus linguistics [B] sociolinguistics[C] theoretical linguistics [D] psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called .[A] dialect [B] idiolect [C] pidgin [D] register40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing .[A] an illocutionary act [B] a perlocutionary act [C] a locutionary act [D] none of the above答案31、D the monarch of the United Kingdom 32、B Edinburgh.33、AThomas Jefferson. 34、C Sydney 35、D Percy B. Shelley36、B Walt Whitman. 37、C D.H. Lawrence.38、D psycholinguistics.39、C pidgin. 40、A an illocutionary act.2010年英语专八人文知识真题31. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. the British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215B. the British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. the British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law答案D：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal答案A：Quebec33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901答案D：190134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson答案A：Abraham Lincoln35.Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?答案C：Robert Browning36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC.答案D：Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegoryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme答案A：Allegory38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introduction答案A：language acquisition39. The word “motel”comes from “motor –hotel”. This is an example of “…”in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym答案C：blending/doc/901227065.html,nguage is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed”servesA. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function答案B：informative function2011年英语专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. ScotlandTIP：选D。
2008英语专业八级阅读真题及答案
2008英语专业八级真题及答案PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheetTEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, it's time to hit the books again—at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. It's a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages. Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the country's 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch me lodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the government's egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones. “But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way. “Unlike most other countries, where art isanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. “It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apar tment buildings: nine “stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below. Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous” and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production—everything fromtextiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to co mpare notes: “Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is thatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected.C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “a front-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”. What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms they would take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C. …, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.2008年英语专业八级Mini-lecture：(沪友今心提供)1. native language2. 3503. Historical4. India5. commerce6. Boom7. sea travel communication8. conference9. many radios 10. split阅读：(沪友落落提供)阅读一共四篇：韩国的新教育制度引起多方不满；第二篇是讲西班牙人的一些性格；第三篇是英国人热衷自己饲养出售畜牧产品；最后一篇是一个小说节选，四个律师被死去的合伙人骗得破产。
2012年专八真题及解析
(6) advantage
(7) as it occurs
(8) have more control
(9) normally occurring/in natural settings
(10) feature
SECTION B INTERVIEW
1-5 C B B D C
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
6-10 C B D C A
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
11-15 C A A B B
16-20 D C A D C
21-25 B B A A B
26-30 C A D D A
(4) quite /fairly – 删去quite 或fairly
(5) out – outer
(6) away – 删去away
(7) and – although
(8) quarter – quarters
(9) when – until / unless
(10) fewer – less
PART VI WRITING
Mobile Phones Make Students Less Humane
Recently, a professor of American University conducted a survey about college students’ attitudes towards phone calls and text messaging and finally he concluded that what the students like most about their phones is that they can reach other people and what they like least is that other people can reach them. This result is seemingly contradictory, but in fact, it faithfully portrays the dilemma faced by the students, who both aspire to and are fearful of communication. In my opinion, it is nothing but the very telephone itself that is largely responsible for making students less humane by depriving them of their adaptive capacity and social acceptability.
2008年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2008年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2008)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT:150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.The Popularity of English【答案与解析】(1)native/first languages细节题。
讲座主要是关于英语流行的主要原因，讲座一开始主要从三方面陈述了英语的使用现状，本题主要针对英语作为一种通用语(lingua franca）的使用情况设题。
讲座中第一段的最后一句提到通用语指的是一种广泛地应用于两个不同的本国语者之间的语言，说话者双方或其中一方把该语言作为第二语言来使用。
2008英语专业八级阅读真题及答案
2008英语专业八级真题及答案PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheetTEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, it's time to hit the books again—at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. It's a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages. Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the country's 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch me lodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the government's egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones. “But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way. “Unlike most other countries, where art isanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. “It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apar tment buildings: nine “stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below. Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous” and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production—everything fromtextiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to co mpare notes: “Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is thatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected.C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “a front-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”. What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms they would take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C. …, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.2008年英语专业八级Mini-lecture：(沪友今心提供)1. native language2. 3503. Historical4. India5. commerce6. Boom7. sea travel communication8. conference9. many radios 10. split阅读：(沪友落落提供)阅读一共四篇：韩国的新教育制度引起多方不满；第二篇是讲西班牙人的一些性格；第三篇是英国人热衷自己饲养出售畜牧产品；最后一篇是一个小说节选，四个律师被死去的合伙人骗得破产。
2008英语专业八级考试完整答案
2008英语专业八级考试完整答案听力部分1. native language2. 3503. Historical4. India5. commerce6. Boom7. sea travel communication8. conference9. many radios 10. splitSection B: 1-5 B C A C D Section C: 6-10 D A B C B阅读部分11-15. C B D A C 16-20. B D C D B21-25. C A D D B 26-30. C A D B C人文知识31 选C加拿大最大的城市是TORONTO32 选D立法权是国会THE33 选A 棒球一切都始于棒球美国的体育文化脱胎于棒球,一直以来,棒球就一直是文人们的最爱。
作为最古老的美式运动,棒球的形态一直保存完整,历史学家们视之为宝物34 新西兰的最高长官是B governor general 总督35选B THE CANTERBURY TALES 是GEORFFERY CHAUCER 写的36 选C THE AMERICAN 是谁写的Henrry James37 选A 不是20世纪英国女作家那题选A 其他都是20世纪著名的女性作家乔治.艾略特(George Eliot)原名玛丽·安·埃文斯Mary Ann Evans，1819年11月22日-1880年12月22日，英国小说家，与狄更斯和萨克雷齐名。
其主要作品有《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》The Mill on the Floss，《米德尔马契》等。
38 选D 历时性(diachronicity) 这个不是语言学的特性39选B 并列句but连接的两个分句40选D homonymy指的是语汇中一对对或是一组组的单词，虽然意思不同，但是发音相同，或拼写相同，又或者是发音和拼写都相同。
这些一对对一组组的单词我们称之为homonym(同形同音异义词、同形异义词、同音异义词)。
2008年英语专业八级考试试题原题及答案解析
答案在：第11页TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS（2008）—GRADE EIGHT—TIME LIMIT: 195MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI -LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. You notes will not be market, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task for after the mini- lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Use the blank sheet for note- tanking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport becauseA. the existing airports are to be wastedB. more people will be encouraged to travel.C. more oil will be consumed.D. more airplanes will be purchased.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?A. More people in the area.B. Noise and motorways.C. Waste of land.D. Unnecessary travel.3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPTA. more job opportunities.B. vitality to the local economy.C. road construction,D. presence of aircrew in the area.4. Mary thinks that people dont need to do much travel nowadays as a result ofA. less emphasis on personal contact.B. advances in modern telecommunications.C. recent changes in peoples concepts.D. more potential damage to the area5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Marys ideas,A. strongly in favour ofB. mildly in favour ofC. strongly againstD. mildly againstSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. A new government was formed after Sundays elections.B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored inA. a U.S. government archives warehouse.B. a NASA ground tracking station.C. the Goddard Space Flight Centre.D. none of the above places.8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?A. He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to showA. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetentB. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations.C. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment.D. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences.10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinicsA. have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters.B. have realized the problems of language barriers.C. have begun training their staff to be bilinguals.D. have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet。
2012专八真题及答案
TEM8-2012 TIMELIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behavior. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reas on: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lotlike my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishmentswith those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of formercheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face,leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was tooshy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in onthe present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us. 26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?。
2008英语专业八级阅读真题及答案
2008英语专业⼋级阅读真题及答案2008英语专业⼋级真题及答案PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheetTEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, it's time to hit the books again—at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. It's a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges. The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages. Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the country's 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch me lodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the government's egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones. “But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extrajob satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way. “Unlike most other countries, where art isanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort.“It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behindthem, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apar tment buildings: nine “stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below. Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous” and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production—everything fromtextiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to co mpare notes: “Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is thatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected.C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “a front-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”. What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms they would take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudlycalloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C. …, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.2008年英语专业⼋级Mini-lecture：(沪友今⼼提供)1. native language2. 3503. Historical4. India5. commerce6. Boom7. sea travel communication8. conference9. many radios 10. split阅读：(沪友落落提供)阅读⼀共四篇：韩国的新教育制度引起多⽅不满；第⼆篇是讲西班⽛⼈的⼀些性格；第三篇是英国⼈热衷⾃⼰饲养出售畜牧产品；最后⼀篇是⼀个⼩说节选，四个律师被死去的合伙⼈骗得破产。
【2008-2014年专八人文知识真题及答案】
英语专八考试文化常识辅导2000年教育部《高等学校英语专业高年级教学大纲》规定，高等学校英语专业高年级的教学任务是“继续打好语言基本功，进一步扩大知识面，重点应放在培养英语综合技能，充实文化知识，提高交际能力上”。
2005年的英语专业考试依照2004年新版的《高校英语专业八级考试大纲》的有关规定，取消了快速阅读，取而代之的是人文知识，或者叫做文化常识题（General Knowledge）。
那么到底这个题型考的是什么题，又有哪些内容呢？英语专业的教学大纲对这一项并没有具体要求，但是八级考试大纲则有以下四点说明：测试要求：1. 能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等。
2. 能初步具备英语文学知识。
3. 能初步具备英语语言学知识。
4. 考试时间为10分钟。
测试形式：多项选择题，共10题。
测试范围：主要涉及到三个方面的内容：主要英语国家社会与文化（基本国家概况：地理、政治制度、文化生活、经济4/10）英美文学（作家、作品，文学流派，基本文学概念3/10）英语语言学（词汇学、语义学、语用学、语言学流派、基本概念3/10）For the want of a nail the shoe was lost,For the want of a shoe the horse was lost,For the want of a horse the rider was lost,For the want of a rider the battle was lost,For the want of a battle the kingdom was lost,And all for the want of a horse shoe nail.--Benjamin Franklin失去一颗马蹄钉，可能会失去一个国家；忽略一个细节，你也可能失去整个专八。
2008年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案31. The largest city in Canada is___.A. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in___.A. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is____.A. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by___.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT____.A. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called____.A. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.Keys: CDABB CADBD2009年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案31. The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A. the governor-generalB. the Prime MinisterC. the high commissionerD. the monarch of United Kingdom32. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. ManchesterD. London33. Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President ?A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Thomas PaineD. John Adams34. Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?A. PerthB. AdelaideC. SydneyD. Melbourne35. Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A. Willian BlakeB. Willian WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridegeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A. Thomas HardyB. John GalworhtyC.D.H. Lawrence D. James Joyce38. The study of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A. corpus linguisticsB. socialinguisticsC. theoretical linguisticsD. psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A. dialectB. idiolectC. pidginD. register40. When a speaker expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______.A. an illocutionary actB. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the above Key: 31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA2010 -- PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued byA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. William BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written by_____A. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as_____A. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”.This is an example of ____ in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway servesA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.Keys: 31-35 DAAAC36-40 DAACB2011--PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution?A. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century?A. The Great Gatsby.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. Beyond the Horizon.38. _______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________.A. absence of obstructionB. presence of obstructionC. manner of articulationD. place of articulation40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________.A. PidginB. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. BilingualismKeys: DDABD CACAC2012- PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. The Maori people are natives of _____A. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day on _____A. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north by ______A. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Land?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)_____A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C. deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B. Motel.C. Xerox.D. Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of situation is called_____A. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.Keys: DBACD ACBDA2013年专八人文知识31．The full official name of Australia isA．The Republic of Australia．B．The Commonwealth of Australia．C．The Federation of Australia．D．The Union of Australia．32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPTA．its mineral resources．B．its forest resources．C．its fertile and arable land．D．its heavy industries．33．In the United States community colleges offer ____A．two-year programmes．B．four-year programmes．C．postgraduate studies．D．B．A．or B．S．degrees．34. In ______，referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly．A．2000 B．1946 C．1997 D. 199035．Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration?A．A weak seat．B．Safe and sound．C．Knock and kick．D．Coat and boat．36．Who wrote Mrs．Warren's Profession?A．John Galsworthy．B．William Butler Yeats．C．T．S．Eliot．D．George Bernard Shaw．37．Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n)A．novel．B．short story．C．poem．D．autobiography．38．Which Of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? A．Unlock．B．Government．C．Goes．D．Off-stage．39．_____ is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to. A．Onomatopoeia B．Collocation C．Denotation D．Assimilation 40．The sentence "CIose your book and listen to me carefully!" performs a(n) ____ function．A．interrogative B．informative C．performative D．directiveKeys:31. 澳大利亚的全称是：the commonwealth of Austrilia32. 加拿大以什么著称，除了什么以外（矿产、森林、肥沃的土地）。
2008年英语专业八级考试真题及答案
2008年英语专业八级考试真题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS（2008）—GRADE EIGHT—PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet。
TEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joons life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, its time to hit the books again—at one of Seouls many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. Its a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Koreas education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. Thats because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This years 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didnt worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating he standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Koreas public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the countrys high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools. Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most.Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. Theyve asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesnt like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the countrys 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch melodramatic, but thats the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the governments egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishmans dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days hes the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing hi s brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones.“But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britains burgeoning farmers markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has tocome to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you dont know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.Whats new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "RiverCottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm. Naturally, the newcomers cant hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if theres no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Todays eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, aonetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isnt catching up with mainland Europe; its leading the way. “Unlike most other countries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. “It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isnt catching up with mainland Europe; its leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these arent stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine “stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity cant defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below.Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterraneans most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see theres nothing easy about what the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because its beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must unders tand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous” and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spains emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic Europeancountry. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spains production—everything from textiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and theres no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelonas longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps andwomen who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to compare notes: “Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talkinginto a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelonas essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is thatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected.C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “a front-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”. What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firms letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldnt stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterheadas the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patricks departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firms senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks,a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms theywould take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patricks disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C. …, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mo rtgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet31. The largest city in Canada isA. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested inA. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand isA. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarch,D. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work byA. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPTA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is calledA. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.Secton C6-10、DABCB 11-15、CBDAC 16-20、BDCDB 21-25、CADDB 26-30CADBC。
08年专八真题及答案解析
08年专八真题及答案解析在备考英语专业八级考试时，熟悉往年的真题是非常重要的。
通过对真题的解析和分析，可以更好地了解考试的出题规律和重点内容，有助于提高备考效果。
本文将对2008年的英语专业八级真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地备考。
一、听力部分听力部分是英语专业八级考试的重要组成部分，也是很多考生感到困难的部分。
2008年的专八听力部分包括短对话、长对话和听力篇章。
在备考过程中，可以通过多听多练来提高听力水平。
短对话部分主要考察考生对于日常生活和学习情景的理解。
考生需要从对话中抓住关键信息，判断说话者的意图和态度。
长对话部分则会涉及一些学术或专业知识，考生需要通过听力理解材料的内容，并回答相关问题。
对于听力篇章，考生需要综合运用听力技巧和词汇知识来理解篇章的主题、目的和关键信息。
在备考过程中，可以通过模拟真实考试环境来训练听力技巧，例如在有限的时间内听材料，并做笔记。
二、阅读部分阅读部分是英语专业八级考试的另一个重要组成部分，也是考生需要重点准备的内容之一。
2008年的专八阅读部分包括课文阅读、教材阅读和报刊杂志阅读。
课文阅读部分主要考察考生对于英语语言学和翻译理论的理解。
考生需要通过阅读理解课文的主旨、观点和论证，以及解析文章中的语言现象和翻译难点。
教材阅读部分涉及到文化、教育、社会科学等各个领域的文章。
考生需要通过阅读理解和解析文章的主题、结构和论据，以及理解文章的观点和作者的态度。
报刊杂志阅读部分则主要考查考生对于当前社会时事和热点话题的理解。
考生需要通过阅读理解并分析文章的观点、事实和论据。
在备考阅读部分时，可以多读一些相关的文章和材料，扩大自己的词汇量和句子结构的熟悉度。
同时，多做一些练习题，对照答案进行检查，找出自己的不足和问题所在，进行有针对性的提高。
三、写作部分写作部分是英语专业八级考试中的重要部分，也是很多考生感到困惑的部分。
2008年的专八写作部分包括作文和翻译两个部分。
作文部分要求考生根据提供的材料或主题，写一篇约300词的短文。
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201231. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.31: new Zealand 32: state 33: July 4th 34: the Arctic Ocean 35: T.S.Eliot 36: William Faulkner 37: personification 38: sequential rule 39: Disco 40: register201131. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland参考答案：DTIP：选D。
英国最北端是苏格兰。
32. It is generally agreed that _______ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch参考答案：DTIP：选D。
1606年，荷兰航海家Willem Janszoon在约克角西岸登陆澳洲。
1770年，英国人库克船长登上澳洲大陆并宣布它为英国领土。
33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.参考答案：ATIP：选A。
加拿大被誉为“枫叶之国”。
34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution?A. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.参考答案：BTIP：选B。
《常识》是托马斯•潘恩在美国革命之前撰写的。
35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20th-century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist参考答案：DTIP：选D。
弗吉尼亚•伍尔芙是英国著名小说家，第二次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的核心人物。
36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy参考答案：CTIP：选C。
epic是“史诗、叙事诗”的意思。
37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century?A. The Great Gatsby.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. Beyond the Horizon.参考答案：ATIP：选A。
《天边外》是尤金•奥尼尔的著名戏剧作品，《太阳照常升起》是海明威的代表作，《喧哗与骚动》则是福克纳的代表作。
《了不起的盖茨比》的作者是菲茨杰拉德的作品，反映了美国20世纪20年代到30年代的社会现实，对美国神话进行了另类诠释和解读。
38. _______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics参考答案：CTIP：选C。
认知语言学认为，语言的创建、学习及运用，基本上都必须能够通过人类的认知而加以解释，因为认知能力是人类知识的根本。
39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________.A. absence of obstructionB. presence of obstruction.C. manner of articulationD. place of articulation参考答案：ATIP：选A。
辅音主要是从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍而发出的音，元音的发音与之最大的区别就是不受阻碍，不产生摩擦。
40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________.A. PidginB. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. Bilingualism参考答案：CTIP：选C。
Multilingualism的意思是“多语现象、多语制”。
201031. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued byA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written byA. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “Motel”comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway servesA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.31. Which of the following is INCORRECT答案D：The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution答题技巧：首先注意题干INCORRECT, 根据常识判断英国宪法为不成文宪法；故本题选择D，其他选项更为细节，直接忽略跳过。