A级语法考点归纳

A级语法考点归纳一．Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气)1．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法从句时态主句时态与现在事实相反be----were would (could, should, might)+dodo----did与过去事实相反had done would (could, should, might)+have done 与将来事实相反 1.be—weredo---did2.should+do would (could, should, might)+do3.were to+doIf I were you, I would further my study abroad.If you had time, you should go to see the film Gone with the wind.If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such mistakes.If you became/ should become / were to become a millionaire, what would you do first?2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1)虚拟语气在表示建议、愿望、要求、命令这类词后宾语从句中的谓语动词用should + do , should 可以省去。

表建议：suggest, advice, recommend, propose表要求：ask, require, request, demand, petition表命令：order, command,表愿望：desireEg. He suggested that a library should be set up quickly.She demands that I should pay her immediately.He ordered the man should be released.The Queen desires that you should come at once.A级真题：The policeman demanded that she ______ her identity card.A. showB. showedC. would showD. had shown2) 虚拟语气在wish, would rather, would sooner后宾语从句中的用法。

用一般过去时表示现在的情况did用过去完成时表示过去的情况had doneEg. I wish I were young again.I wish I had listened to your advice then.I would rather you told me the truth now.I would sooner you didn’t ask me that question.I’d rather you hadn’t told me the news yesterdayA级真题：1. I would rather you ( leave) ________ for Hang Zhou last week.2. My father wishes he ( go) _______ to college when he was young.3. I wish I (can ) _______ help you.3. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：句型：it is important / essential / appropriate / imperative / vital / strange / surprising / natural that + （should ）doEg. It is important that he work hard.It is essential that the mission not fail.It is imperative that you should not be seen here.It is vital to her health that she take this medicine.It is surprising that he should kill time like that.4．虚拟语气在It’s high time that引导的定语从句中的用法：从句中用一般过去时（did）表示与现在事实相反，意思是：到了该做什么的时候了A级真题：It’s high time that we ________ ( buy) a new car.It’s high time that we ________ ( stop) playing computer games.二．Attributive clause（定语从句）限制性定语从句1.关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as在从句中充当句子成分This is the boy ______ broke the vase. (who)He is the teacher ______ everyone respects. (whom)The plane is a machine _______ can fly. (which/that)This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. (that)I want to book a room _______ window is facing the sea. (whose)He is such a lovely boy _______ makes everyone happy. (as)2. 关系副词：when, where, why在从句中不充当句子成分I will never forget the day _______ I joined the Party. (when/on which)This is the house ______ I lived two years ago. (where/in which)Do you know the reason _______ he is crying? (why/for which)只用that 的情况：1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan.He is the most excellent student that I have ever taught.2. 先行词是指物的不定代词all, everything, nothing, something, anything,little, few, much, none.Is there anything that I can do for you?All that glitters is not gold.There is little that can be done about it.3. 先行词被any, every, only, very, all修饰时：He is the only person that can be trusted.He is the very person that I am looking for.4. 先行词既包括人也包括物时：There are many persons and things that we must deal with in our daily非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。

这时，连词选which或as.一般情况下，先行词在从句中充当主语时用which；先行词在从句中充当宾语或表语时用as.Eg. Our class has won the basketball, which made us happy.此句中Our class has won the basketball整个句子是先行词，在从句中作主语As we all know, New York is the capital of the America.此句中New York is the capital of the America整个句子是先行词，在从句中作宾语A级真题：She has fallen in love with Jack, _______ I find hard to imagine.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which此题中She has fallen in love with Jack整句是先行词，作从句中find的宾语，故选D.which三．Noun clause （名词性从句）从属连词that, whether 在从句中不充当句子成分连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever在从句中充当句子成分连接副词when, where, how, why在从句中不充当句子成分1. 主语从句_____ he became an artist is due to his father’s influence. (that)_____ it will do us harm remains to be seen. (whether)_____ she wants on her 18th birthday is a mobile phone. (what)_____ we say must be based on fact. (what/whatever)_____ team will win the game remains a mystery. (which)_____ will be in charge of the project hasn’t been made public. (who)_____ I spend my holiday is none of your business. (when/where/whether)It is not clear _____ he was absent from the meeting. (why)It is unlikely ______ he could accept such an offer. (that)2. 宾语从句At first, he didn’t realize _______ he had succeeded. (that)I think _______ you missed an instructive lecture. (that)I didn’t know ______ they were satisfied with the arrangement. (whether)Do you know ______ they left for HongKong? (why/when/whether)I want to know _____ Tom said. (what)3. 表语从句The reason was ______ he was too poor to see a doctor. (that)The question is ______ you are after in life: fame or personal gain. (what)April is ______ the lilacs bloom. (when)4.同位语从句在同位语从句中被修饰的名词Fact, idea, news, belief, truth, hope, doubt, opinion, decision, suggestion, impression, conclusion, evidence, proposal, question, problem, theory, information, possibility.I got the impression ______ you are unhappy today. (that)There is a doubt _______ she will come to the party. (whether)He had no idea ______ she left home. (why)四. 分词1. 分词的形式主动被动现在分词一般形式doing being done完成形式having done having been done过去分词done2. 分词的基本用法：1）作表语：The football match was exciting.She looks disappointed.2) 作定语：He is a promising young man.The wounded soldier was taken off to the hospital.A little child learning to walk often falls.What’s the language spoken in that country?3) 作状语：伴随：We sat on the sofa, watching TV.The students came out of the classroom, laughing and chatting.The teacher came out, ______ by the students. ( followed)时间：He hurt his leg while playing football.Having found a hotel, they began to look for a restaurant.After ______ a hotel, they began to look for a restaurant.(finding)条件：If given a chance, I would go abroad to further my study.原因：Being short of money, he can’t afford a new car.Not having received an answer, I decided to write him another letter.结果：He died, leaving five children.五．动名词和不定式在句中作宾语时的区别1．以下动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语Avoid, consider, appreciate, delay, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, pardon, postpone, prevent, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand.It’s no use, be worth, have trouble/difficulty in, be tired of, devote one’s life to, insist on, look forward to, be successful in, be fond of, be busy, be capable of, be proud of, can’t help, keep onA级真题：1)Do you have any difficulty in _______ Japanese?A) learn B) learning C) to learn D) having learnt2)It's better to avoid ______ downtown during the rush hour.A) to drive B) having driven C) to be driving D) driving2. 以下动词或短语后只能跟动词不定式Decide, desire, expect, wish, want, pretend, promise, refuse, manage, agree，permit A级真题：1.We decided ______ the house.A) not to buy B) buying C) not buying D) not bought3. 有些动词后既可跟动名词，也可跟不定式，但意思不同1)Remember, forget, regret+ doing 表示动作已发生+ to do 表示动作还没发生Eg. I remembered being taken to Beijing when I was a child. ( 已发生) Remember to check your mailbox. （未发生）I forget locking the door. ( 门锁过了，但忘记了这件事)I forget to lock the door. （忘记锁门了，门没锁）I regret telling her the truth. ( 我后悔告诉了她真相)I regret to tell you that your application was denied. ( 我很遗憾地要告诉你你的申请被否决了)2）stop + doing 停止正在做的事情+ to do 停下来去做另一件事情Eg. Stop talking please.Stop to listen to me.3)want, need, require物作主语时+ doing 用主动语态代替被动语态+ to be done 用被动语态Eg. His shoes need mending / to be mended.The problem needs looking into / to be looked into.4)try + doing 试着做某事try + to do 努力，企图做某事Eg. He tried sending flowers to the girl, but she didn’t accept.You should try to adjust to the cold weather here.5)be afraid + of doing 生怕做某事+ to do 不敢做某事Eg. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. ( 她不敢踏进草丛深处因为怕被蛇咬)六．倒装句：部分倒装当否定副词用于句首时，句子部分倒装：hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, no longer, little, fewHardly/barely could I understand what he said.Seldom did he go anywhere except to his office.Never have I seen such a nice movie.Nowhere were they to be found.No longer was he in charge of the work.Little did he think of the consequences.Few words did they exchange.七. 情态动词的完成体：Should /ought to have done ( 本应该)He should have told her about it. 他本该把这事告诉她。