科技创新与研究理念.

SpPT in SC SuPT in SC ? ? AuPT in SC SpPT in HHH SuPT in HHH
G. soja in SC
Primitive G.max in SC
?
G. soja in HHH
Primitive G.max in HHH
G. soja in NEC
Primitive G.max in NEC
Comparisons of genetic richness and genetic dispersion expressed in nuSSR and cpSSR markers among RC, LR and WS
nuSSR Released cultivar Hi 0.79 Landrace Ai 16.3 Hi 0.86 Ai 17.6 Wild Hi 0.86 Ai Mean 8.7 cpSSR Mean Landrace Ai 4.0 3-7 44 Hi 0.22 0.09-0.44 --Ai 5.2 57 Wild Hi 0.39 ---
Features of the study:
A best representation of ecotypes of soy area From the whole soy area Typical landraces Emphasis on cytoplasmic traits to avoid genetic influence due to hybridization
Discussion and tentative understanding
Tentative understanding: The cultivated
soybean originated from an ancient population of annual wild soybean in somewhere of Changjiang River valleys and southern China.
Materials: Released cultivars (344) Land races (393) Wild soybean (196)
Two evolutionary stages from the wild soybean to landraces, then to modern released cultivars
Item Alleles from wild soybean Alleles lost Alleles emerged Specific Alleles Land race （967 alleles） 627 (59.4%) 428 (40.6%) 340 (35.2%) 259 (26.8%) Release cultivar（519 alleles） Compare to wild soybean 235 (22.3%) 820 (77.7%) 284 (54.7 %) Compare to landrace 281 (29.1%) 686 (70.9%) 238 (45.9%)
Southern China G. soja primitive population might be the progenitor of all the cultivated soybean, and the original cultivated soybean might differentiate into earlier maturity types with less sensitivity to daylength during its dissemination northward.
科技创新与社会发展
劳动创造世界（火、猎、耕） 科学技术是第一生产力 科技创新是现代社会发展的基石 创新: 知识提取+经济和社会收益
(你或你的课题组有那些创新？)
科技创新与社会发展
用科学知识服务于经济发展 社会进步 生境保护 国家安全 人才培养 知识创新 创新，累积，体系，学科，效果 自然科学知识创新 论文不是终极目标，知识才是所追求 的成绩，知识得到应用才是成果。
Leguminosae Papilionoideae Phaseoleae
Glycine
G. max
Glycine 22 perennial wild species
Soja G. soja
G. max
G. soja
Materials:
Glycine max (369 accessions) Northeast China Huang-Huai-Hai Valleys(early and late maturity) Southern China(early, middle and late maturity) Glycine Soja (223 accessions) Northeast China Huang-Huai-Hai Valleys Southern China
History and hypotheses
Middle West China Origin ( Vavilov 1951 ) Yellow River Valley Origin (Hymowiz 1970, 1981) Northeast China Origin (Fukuda 1933) Southern China Origin (Wang 1947, 1956; Gai et al) Multiple-Center Origin (Lu 1978, Zhou et al 1998, Dong et al 2001, Shimamoto 2001) Japan Origin (Hirata et al 1999, Shimamoto 2001, Xu et al 2002)
Good Morning!
A Discussion on Methodology for Innovation in Science and Technology 科技创新与研究理念
科技创新与社会发展 植物科学研究 科学研究的基本过程和方法 试验误差及其控制 概念、判断和推理 数据分析与论文写作 学术风气与科学道德
SpPT in NEC
Genetic design of the studies
• To use a countrywide large sample of both cultivated and wild soybeans, • To use landraces with known geographic sources and without migration and cross-pollination to make sure which geographic ecotype they belong to, • To use released cultivars covering a wide time and space, • To use SSR markers covering the whole genome, • To examine both cytoplasmic and nuclear DNA with the former as the check of the latter to avoid genetic interference from cross pollination
Genetic distances among eco-types of soybeans in China PopuTrait NES HHE HHL SCE SCM SCL NEW HHW lation Allozyme NEW 0.137 0.148 0.143 0.188 0.194 0.194 HHW 0.134 0.129 0.123 0.177 0.160 0.157 0.033 SCW 0.104 0.105 0.096 0.137 0.134 0.132 0.013 0.017 Cytoplasmic NEW 2.103 1.503 1.043 3.142 2.051 0.900 DNA RFLP HHW 1.502 1.145 0.811 1.925 1.436 0.698 0.014 SCW 0.632 0.491 0.372 0.687 0.428 0.272 0.522 0.342 Comprehensive NEW 0.557 0.462 0.422 0.484 0.488 0.420 HHW 0.503 0.402 0.366 0.429 0.417 0.356 0.022 SCW 0.466 0.376 0.342 0.374 0.375 0.329 0.038 0.029
植物科学研究
自然科学基础科学 数, 理, 化, 天, 地, 生 科学 应用科学 工, 农,医等技术与工程科学 社会科学文, 史, 哲, 法, 商, 管, 教
植物科学：自然科学，实验科学，理论/应用科学
植物科学研究
植物科学领域的科学研究
推动人们认识植物的各种现象规律 促进人们发掘新的植物生产技术和措施 从而提高植物生产水平，改进人类生存环境 达到两个“可持续性”：高产与环境
Range 4-17 0.58-0.90 2-44 0.29-0.97 7-47 0.29-0.97 Range Total 519 --980 -- 1067 -Total
3-10 0.02-0.82
Two stages bottleneck of genetic diversity during the evolutionary process and potentials of emergence of new alleles
Released cultivars Landraces
Wild soybeans
A UPGMA tree representing the genetic relationship among all accessions based on nuclear SSR data
• Genetic diversity of the three kinds of germplasm populations
Approaches of studying the origin of a cultivated species
Questions should be answered about the origin : Which wild species was from Where it was domesticated When it was domesticated Who made it domesticated What procedure was used for its domestication
植物科学研究
科学研究成果
发现 discovery 新现象，新规律
发明 invention 新方法，新技术 创造 creation 创造出新产品
基础研究
应用基础性研究 应用性研究
植物科学研究
理论科学 实验科学
推理（演绎法和归纳法）发现新规律 自然条件下的观察与调查 (抽样调查) 控制条件下的科学试验 发现、发明、创造
Traits evaluated:
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Total 9 morphological and agronomic characteristics Marker analysis of 15 allozyme loci RFLP analyses of cpDNA and mtDNA RAPD analyses of nuclear DNA
Approaches of studying the origin of a cultivated species
Literature review Archaeological study
restricted due to the limited historical record change from time to time , one dig to another dig
Comparative biological study
with wide potential in morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular aspects
Phytogenic relationship within the genus Glycine