SCI写作句型
sci写作句式
sci写作句式以下是一些常用的SCI写作句式：1. "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of X on Y." （本研究旨在探讨X对Y的影响。
）2. "The results indicate that X is a more effective treatment than Y for Z." （结果表明，X比Y更有效地治疗Z。
）3. "In this study, we found that X significantly improved Y in patients with Z." （在这项研究中，我们发现X显著改善了Z患者的Y。
）4. "Our data suggest that X may be a promising candidate for the treatment of Y." （我们的数据表明，X可能是治疗Y的有前途的候选者。
）5. "The results of this study demonstrate that X plays a critical role in the regulation of Y." （本研究的结果表明，X在调节Y中起着关键作用。
）6. "To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that X can regulate Y in Z." （据我们所知，这是第一项证明X可以调节Z中Y的研究。
）7. "Our findings support the hypothesis that X is essential for the development of Y." （我们的发现支持了X对Y的发展至关重要的假设。
sci常用句式
sci常用句式SCI常用句式是指在SCI论文中经常出现的句式，这些句式具有高效表达和规范的特点，使文章更加简洁明了，逻辑清晰。
下面是SCI 常用句式及其使用方法：1. There is a growing consensus that…（越来越多的人认为……）这个句式可以用来表达某个观点在学术界或社会上认可度越来越高的情况，可以体现作者在研究背景和前沿方向上的掌握。
2. It is widely acknowledged that…（人们普遍认为……）同样地，引入适当的学术语言去表述一些已经被学者公认的结论或现象。
3. In order to + 动词原形（为了……）这个句式可以用来表达作者在研究中采用了什么方法或手段，也可以用于强调研究目的。
4. A growing body of evidence suggests that…（越来越多的证据表明……）这个句式可以用于介绍当前研究领域的最新研究成果和进展。
5. It is worth noting that…（值得一提的是……）这个句式具有突出和强调的作用，可以用于强调作者认为值得关注的观点或实验结果。
6. In light of…（考虑到……）这个句式可以用于介绍某个研究现象的解释或原因。
7. It is therefore imperative that…（因此，有必要……）这个句式可以用于表达作者的建议或提出某个问题的解决方案。
8. The findings suggest that…（研究结果表明……）这个句式用于揭示实验或调查的研究结果，可以作为文章结论的开头。
9. The implications of the research are…（研究的意义在于……）这个句式可以用于分析研究结果的意义和价值，为论文提供深度和广度。
10. Overall, the study implies that…（总的来说，这项研究意味着……）这个句式用于总结研究的经验和教训，为进一步的研究提供参考。
(完整word版)SCI写作句型汇总
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结（一)很多文献已经讨论过了一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。
它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的:A。
Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated。
（Nature 1991, 353， 737 — 740 ）B.This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic—metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.C. Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available， and we do not discuss these topicsD.Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E. Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（Chem。
SCI文章优美句型-写SCI论文必备
1．To further substantiate a role of…..2．To gain further insight into the involvement of……3．Several lines of evidence suggest a potential role of……4．The discrepancies between these studies may be explained in part by the fact that….5．It can also not be excluded that…..6．To further elucidate the role of…….7．There is growing evidence that……….8．Several studies indicate that…………9．It is generally accepted that………..10. In vitro studies revealed that………….11. This is somewhat surprising since………12. Furthermore, available data suggest the potential to……..13. development and generation of more specific inhibitors will be required to further explore their potential to………..14. A better understanding of the regulation of their expression will thus be……. instrumental in the development of specific targeting approaches…….15. Little is known either on……….16. ………….remain to be elucidated in more detail17. The aim of this study was to clarify whether….. were therapeutic agents against18. This study may provide a new recognition of natural medicine for the treatment of19. Epidemiological studies have shown the incidence of20…. are thought to act through receptor-independent and dependent mechanisms to promote…21. …..which are derived from….., have been reported to possess a variety of potent properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, radical-scavenging, and cardiovascular protecting activity, anti-tumor, and so on.22. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of …. and to evaluate the efficacy of cardiopr otection by…….23. The pathological features of diabetes and/or its complications that were causedby…. had been investigated extensively.15. It has been established that TGF-b1 was a major regulator of collagen biosynthesis.16. As discussed above, it wa s discovered that….. showed beneficial influences on…..and had cardioprotective effects, suggesting that….. may ameliorate ……. 17. However, the mechanisms responsible for the effects of….on…still need to be discussed.18. This study elucidated the function al role of …. against ……may provide novel evidence for an antidiabetic property.19. …sparked intense debate and research into the cardiovascular security of…20. An updated review of21. The significance of this finding rests on the fact that….22. …. what is in agreement with literature data23. The value and novelty of this study is to indicate, for the first time in an in vivo model, that the molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis prevention by ……is consistent with a diminution of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 expression 24. The question remains open as to why….25….. may lead to a better understanding of the discrepancies among human studies and with the animal ones.26. ….numerous studies suggest that it has a preventive role in atherosclerosis, although the mechanism of action still remains unclear.27. The original aim of this study was to establish whether…..28. Expression of some of the scavenger receptors is increased at the atherosclerotic lesion,8 but to datethe regulatory mechanisms for most of these genes are not yet known and could lead to a better understanding of the process, prevention, and therapy of this disease. 29. This finding is important in the light of the still unknown mechanism of foam-cell formation from human aortic SMCs.30. The results shown in Figure excluded this hypothesis,31. Treatment of cells with a-tocopherol (50 mmol/L) resulted in a time-dependentdecrease of CD36 protein expression (Figure 2B), as was observed at the mRNA level.32. An understanding of the mechanisms by which……is central to an understanding of ……33. ……remains to be determined…..recent data support an important role for….in the pathogenesis of As.34. However, mounting evidence suggests that ……35. ….although the biological function has not been defined…..36. Given the established role of ……, we explored whether.37. In the following work, we outlined a novel signaling pathway for…..these findings suggest an unexpected role for …..in the pathogenesis of As38. The expression of …..in , led us to search for its expression in ….. To address this issue, we performed IF microscopy using antibodies against….39. To determine whether ….. was also expressed in…., we performed ICH. As shown in figure, the nuclei of ….show strong staining for …… By contrast, no staining is seen in…..40. As anticipated, cells treated with…exhibited a reductionin…..Unexpectedly,….NO effect was observed with or….this observation suggest that…..41. To further characterize the effect of …on …., we examined…..42. To determine whether…..The effect of ….were also examined in…..we also examined the ability of … on ….This findings indicate that….42. Accordingly, we consider the possibility that….43. Surprisingly, …..This results established a link between…..and …..44. Since Ox-LDL stimulated PPAR expression, we speculated that ……45. As demonstrated in…., similar results were obtained when……46. We further examined the effect of…. the surface expression of CD36 by…. 47…. has been reported previously to be an effective inducer of…..induce expression of ….in …cells.48. induce significant expression of mRNA encoding ……similar results wereobtained when…was used as…..49. to investigate whether…..and …are linked, we utilized a …..that has been demonstrated previously to interfere with….50. while it is possible that …..make minor contributions to ,this data indicate that the effect I is mediated primarily by SR CD36.51. The observation that ….raised the possibility that….52. To investigate whether….function to regulate transcription of ….promoter,53. to confirm that….collectively , these results suggests that….54. The above findings raised the Intriguing possibility ……..55. A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular events that underlie formation of As plaque, is prerequisite to the rational design of the therapeutic of the disease.56. In this work, we have presented evidence implicating…..in a novel signaling pathway that regulate differentiation and lipid metabolism in…..57. ….endows cultured ….cells with the ability to bind and internalized OxLDL.58. our observation that…..suggest that …..may be important for the modulation of gene expression in this context.59. In fact, we have recently demonstrated that ….This observation reveals a novel mechanism whereby……60. it fits well with the previously defined role of ….61. Although prior work has focused primarily on , it is likely that…..62. there is strong evidence that….all of these observations are consistent with our identification ….as….63. our findings th at ……, that….., and that….., collectively suggest that…..may playa role in….. Clearly, in vivo studies will be required to further address the possibility.64. In the case of …, a number of studies have provided compelling evidence that….65. the work presented herein has in many cases utilized…..in an effort/ attempt to….66. It is tempting to speculate that the elucidation of a nuclear receptor signaling pathway involved in…..may open the door for therapeutic intervention of this process, 67. since the relationship between …. And atherogenesis is complex, the influenceof…on…must also be taken into account.68. Clearly, in vivo studies will be required to determine whether…have potential utility in the treatment or prevention of atherogenesis.69．To expl ore the idea that…… was used to identify……70．Furthermore, these studies demonstrate…..to be an important signaling molecule in…..and may serve as a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of vasculoproliferative disorders72. have been widely used in clinical practise and their efficacy in reducing cardiovascular risk has been well described73. These results suggest that …..has a potent protective effect against…. The findings provide a new insight into the mechanism by which74. Despite extensive studies, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species play a major pathological role75. However, it remains unknown whether…….76. ….has been shown to possess various pharmacological activities such asanti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.77. …recognized as a molecular target for anti-inflammatory78. …Furthermore, we have confirmed an involvement of reactive oxygenspecies(ROS) in..79. .. The present study was attempted to investigate the effect…..80. All other reagents were of the best grade commercially available…..81. The experiments in this article were conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Animal Care and Use Committee of ….. University.82. …cells were generously provided by…maintained in ….83. To elucidate the mechanisms of …..action, its effect on ….was examined by…..84. …..may have promising beneficial effects in preventing….. and may be of significance from the aspect of…..85. In studies of the molecular mechanisms of….. A previous report indicated that86. To study the role of….. we designed an antisense to deplete theendogenou s ….protein.87. Consistent with the fact that….dominant-negative…did not rescue the effect of…..88. The results presented above suggest a requirement for…in…. We further explored this possibility using,,,,,,89. As our results suggested that….. we attempted to rescue….90. To further test the relationship of… with the…91. The activation of …. in response to….. signalling is required for….., and the results presented above suggest that ….. is a component of this signaling cascade92. To test this hypothes is, we performed….. This feature might explain the fact that93. In vivo experiments suggest that ….This is supported by the fact that depletion of….with the aid of RNA interference (RNAi) attenuates Rho activation in response to …To further explore the mechanism of …. function, we examined the interactions between…..and ,…..94. To investigate the function of….95. We tested this prediction by analyzing….96. Several studies have demonstrated that …..pathway controls…… during …. development, and that activ ation of……. is an indispensable step in this process 97. This difference may reflect the fact that……common but variant molecular mechanism may be involved in98. Five lines of evidence indicate that……. led us to predict and verify that……99. It will be int eresting to investigate whether ….. has an importantfunction in this process.100. …ed as a traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, offers therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and other diseases. …….., extracted from the root extract of rhubarb has sparked increasing interest for therapeutic application.101. It was postulated that…. Therefore the present study was designed to study the effect of….on VSMCs proliferation induced by Ang II, and the expression of….102. ….has been implicated in…. underlining its importance in cardiovascular disease103. provided a possible avenue for interference with VSMCs proliferation….104. The major finding of this work showed that….105. The present study provided a valuable novel insight into molecular mechanisms of ….inhibited VSMCs proliferation induced by …….106. To verify that emodin mediated effects on VSMCs were not a consequence of cytotoxicity, LDH activity was determined as a parameter of cytotoxicity in supernatants of emodin and Ang II-treated cells. Consistent with the light microscope observations, LDH activity in supernatants of treated and untreated cells remained unchanged. So the inhibitory effect was mainly due to an inhibition of cell proliferation rather than to a direct cytotoxic effect.107. Further evidence was provided that ….played a crucial role in the cardioprotective properties of …..108. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of the …. and …. in combination onThe present studies were undertaken to investigate the potential effect of…. and to explore the cellular mechanism of cross-talk of the AT1 receptor and statin in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).109. The present study explored the possibility that…..110. Collectively, these facts and speculations suggest that。
SCI期刊文章写作常用句型
SCI期刊文章写作常用句型SCI文章写作常用句型(1). had marked influence onEg: The Latin and Arabic alphabets have had marked influence on developments in written African literature.(2). Results shown below indicate thatEg: Furthermore, the results shown below indicate that a positive AEEI may increase the economic growth rate, further increasing energy use.(3).The Key to…..Lies in…Eg: The key to becoming[名词或动名词] a leader lies in character people follow only those who they respect，trust and admire.(4). play pivotal roles inEg: Interferons and cytokines play pivotal roles in achieving this. (5). shows clear evidence thatEg: Figure 4b shows clear evidence that the I-V curve of this nanowire was ohmic at room temperature.(6).The fact that ……is due to….Eg: The fact Franklin was not injured was apparently due to the shed's protection.(7). Sth prove thatEg: the data prove that the wires were made largely, if not exclusively, of palladium.(8). It rema ins to be determined whether…will be suitable for…Eg: It remains to be determined whether our approach will be suitable for other metals.(9).sth behaved as…Eg: After cutting the wire, the sample behaved as an insulator[绝缘体]。
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结1.引言句型：- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid development of...- In the context of...- It is widely recognized that...2.目的句型：- The purpose of this study is to...- This research aims to...- The objective of this paper is to...3.方法句型：- The experimental design involves...- The research methodology employed in this study includes...4.结果句型：- The results indicate that...- It is evident from the findings that...- The study reveals that...- The data suggests that...5.讨论句型：- The current study has several implications for...- These results are consistent with previous research showing...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- The limitations of this study should be considered, such as...6.结论句型：- In conclusion...- To sum up...- Overall...- This study provides further evidence that...7.建议句型：- It is suggested that future research should focus on...- Further investigation is warranted to...8.引用句型：- According to (author's name), (quote)...- (Author's name) has argued that...- The literature suggests that...9.比较句型：- In contrast to...- On the other hand...- Similarly...10.解释句型：- This can be attributed to...- One possible explanation for this phenomenon is...- The results can be explained by...请注意，在撰写SCI论文时应避免直接复制粘贴以上句型，而是根据具体情况进行适当修改，以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。
SCI 写作万能句型
1. One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is ......2. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the .....3. X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries.4. X is a common disorder characterised by ......5. Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and ......6. Xs are the most potent anti-infammatory agents known.7. X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y.8. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ......9. In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in .......10. The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.11. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease.12. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. 13. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of ....... 14. X is at the heart of our understanding of ......1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.4. Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:5. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have notattained an adequate understanding of ......There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use.7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......1. To date various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X:2. In most recent studies, X is measured in four different ways.3. Radiographic techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine ....4. Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways.5. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ......6. A variety of methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks.7. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during the 2007–2008 academic year.1. The semi-structured approach was chosen because ......2. Smith et al (1994) identify several advantages of the case study, .......3. It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation wasto ......4. A case study approach was chosen to allow a ......5. The design of the questionnaires was based on ......6. The X method is one of the more practical ways of ......7. It was considered that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.8. Many of the distributions were not normal so non-parametric signed rank tests were run.9. The X approach has a number of attractive features: ......1. A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.2. Prior studies that have noted the importance of ......3. In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y.4. As mentioned in the literature review, ......5. Very little was found in the literature on the question of .....6. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in ......7. The third question in this research was ......8. It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ......9. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ......1. The results of this study show/indicate that .......2. This experiment did not detect any evidence for ......3. On the question of X, this study found that ......4. The current study found that ......5. The most interesting finding was that ......6. Another important finding was that .....7. The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any8. significant increase in ......9. In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ......10. In this study, Xs were found to cause .....11.X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ......12. It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study......1. This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread use of X ......2. This essay has argued that X is the best instrument to ......3. This assignment has explained the central importance of X in Y.4. This dissertation has investigated ......1. This study set out to determine ......2. The present study was designed to determine the effect of .......3. In this investigation, the aim was to assess ......4. The purpose of the current study was to determine ......5. This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate .....6. Returning to the hypothesis/question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that .....1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ......3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ......6. During the past 30 years much more information has become availableon ......7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .......8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ......1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994)2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002)3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson,2001)4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998).5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ......6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001)7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones .......8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presentsan ........ account, whilst Jones .....9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ......10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992).12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ......13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004).14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationshipbetween .......15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between......16. Other studies have considered the relationship ......17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, .......18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994).19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and .......20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1).21. X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine- induced arthritis (11).22. It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y (Smith et al., 1995) It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z (Smith et al., 1999; Jones, 2001 ......23. It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ...... (Smith, 1998; ......1. One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether ......2. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ......3. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...4. One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ......5. The key problem with this explanation is that ......6. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.7. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.8. Smith's argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ......9. It seems that Jones' understanding of the X framework is questionable. Smith's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ......10. One major criticism of Smith's work is that .....11. Many writers have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that .......12. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ......1. Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account.2. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that .....3. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy.4. Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics.5. One major drawback of this approach is that ......6. The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is ......7. However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations.8. However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations.9. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that .......10. However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken.11. However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that......12. However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ......1. Article references were searched further for additional relevant publications. Articles were searched from January 1965 until April 2008.2. Publications were only included if .......3. X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957).4. The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973).5. X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ......6. This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990).7. For this study the X was used to explore the subsurface ......8. An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using .....1. The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews2. All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis.3. A systematic literature review was conducted of studies that .....4. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study.....5. Two groups of subjects were interviewed, namely X and Y. The first group were ......6. A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from .......7. Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study.8. The students were divided into two groups based on their performanceon ......9. The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students.10. Just over half the sample (53%) was female, of whom 69% were ......11. Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ......12. Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received ....13. Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of ....14. Eligible women who matched the selection criteria were identified by ......15. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 male offenders with a mean age of 38 years16. A comparison group of 12 male subjects without any history of X was drawn from a pool of .......1. In order to identify the T10 and T11 spinous processes, the subjects were asked to ......2. In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed.3. To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ......4. To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ......5. To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person.6. To measure X, a question asking ...... was used.7. To determine whether ......, KG-1 cells were incubated for ......8. To establish whether ......,9. To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between .......10. To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation.11. In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ......1. For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand .....2. For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ......3. For the estimation of protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ......1. Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.2. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine ......3. Previous studies have reported ......4. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......5. Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with .......6. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ......7. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......8. Recent evidence suggests that .......9. Several attemps have been made to ......10. A number of researchers have reported ......11. Xs were reported in the first models of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith, & Patel, 1977).12. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... Studies of X show the importance of .....1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:4. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of ......5. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use.7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......1. To date there has been little agreement on what ......2. More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about .....3. One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ......4. In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning ......5. The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century.6. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of ......7. This concept has recently been challenged by ....... studies demonstrating .......1. So far, however, there has been little discussion about ......2. Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors .......3. However, far too little attention has been paid to ......4. In addition, no research has been found that surveyed .......5. So far this method has only been applied to ......6. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among ......7.However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive ......8.What is not yet clear is the impact of X on ......9.The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood.10. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between ......11. Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that ......12. However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in ......13. Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002; Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for .....14. No previous study has investigated X15. Although extensive research has been carried out on ...., no single study exists which .... ..1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ......2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ......5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they .....6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ......7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ......11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ......12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature ....13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ......14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist.15. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ......1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with X operating system.2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ......3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate ...... 2. To ascertain ......4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ......5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between ......6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ......7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which ...... and whether .....8. This thesis will examine the way in which the .......9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ......10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of .......11. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of .....12. Drawing upon two stands of research into X, this study attempts to ......13. The aim of ths study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of ......14. The major objective of this study was to investigate ......15. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were ......16. The objectives of this research are to determine ......17. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of management by ......, and the effect of ......18. This study systematically reviews the data for......, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of ...../1. The central question in this dissertation asks how ......2. In particular, this dissertation will examine six main research questions:3. The hypothesis that will be tested is that ......4. The key research question of this study was thus whether or not ......5. This study aimed to address the following research questions:6. Another question is whether ......1. This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ......2. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.3. The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of a qualitative, semi- structured interview methodology.4. By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ...... This work takes the form of a case-study of the ......5. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.6. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data.7. A holistc approach is utilised, integrating literary, numanistic and archeological material to establish ......8. The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: .....9. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via .......10. Five works will be examined, all of which .....1. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of ...... It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the .......The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on a small sample of ......2. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.1. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter.2. My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.3. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ......4. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.5. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis.6. Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ......7. The final chapter draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ......8. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings,9. ......and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area.10. ...... Finally, areas for further research are identified.1. While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this dissertation will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as .......2. Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to .......3. In this dissertation the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used.4. According to ...... (2000) X can be defined as follows; " X is one of ...... "5. The term X is a relatively new name for ...... commonly referred to as ....。
sci写作句型
sci写作句型在 SCI 论文写作中，常用的句型和框架可以帮助作者更好地组织和表达研究内容，提高论文的可读性和科学性。
以下是一些常用的句型和框架:1. 论文主题句型- We propose a new ... model and ... algorithm, which enables us to ... - This paper demonstrates the ability of ... to perform ... robustly and accurately.- We examine the effectiveness of ... in solving ...2. 理论基础、途径和方法句型- The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of ... - We have conducted several sets of experiments to test the validity of ...- Our approach involves the use of ... techniques and tools.3. 研究结果句型- Our research has recorded valuable data about ...- Our findings suggest that ...- Our experiments have shown that ...- The results of our study have demonstrated that ...4. 影响和价值句型- This work has provided an explanation of ...- Our research has resulted in the solution of a ... problem.- The findings of this study have significant implications for thefield of ...- The results of our study have demonstrated the effectiveness of ...5. 背景介绍句型- Recent developments in ... have suggested that ...- The problem of ... has received significant attention in the literature.- The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ...- Our study is motivated by the need to address the issue of ...这些句型和框架可以帮助作者更好地组织论文内容，提高可读性和科学性。
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结在SCI论文写作中，以下是一些常用的句型总结：1.引言部分：- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- In view of the above considerations, it is necessary to...- The objective of this study is to...- Previous studies have shown that...- The main aim of this research is to...2.方法部分：- The experimental design employed in this study involved...- The samples were prepared by...- The data were collected/recorded/analyzed using...- A questionnaire was administered to...- Statistical analysis was performed using...3.结果部分：- The results of this study demonstrate/reveal/show...- It can be observed from the data that...- The findings indicate/suggest/support...- There was a significant difference between...- The results are consistent with previous studies.4.讨论部分：- The present study provides new insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in detail.- These results are in line with previous research.- The limitations of this study should be acknowledged.- Further research is needed to explore...5.结论部分：- In conclusion, this research hasshown/confirmed/established...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- These results have important implications for...- Future studies should consider...- According to Smith et al. (year), ...- In a recent study by Johnson (year), ...- Several studies have suggested that (Author, year; Author, year).以上是一些常用的SCI论文写作句型，享受您的写作！。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总1.引言句:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The issue of... has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry.2.概括句:- In summary, it can be concluded that...- Overall, the findings suggest that...- Taken together, these results indicate that...3.解释原因句:- This can be attributed to...- The main factor contributing to... is...- The reason for this phenomenon can be explained by...4.分析结果句:- The results imply that...- It is evident from the data that...- The findings provide insight into...5.提出观点句:- It is worth noting that...- It can be argued that...6.强调句:- Importantly,...- Of particular significance is...- An important aspect to consider is...7.限定句:- However,...- Nevertheless,...- On the other hand,...8.总结句:- In conclusion, it is clear that...- To sum up,...- Therefore, it can be inferred that...9.建议句:- One possible solution to address this issue is... - It is advisable to...10.进一步研究句:- Future research should focus on...- There is a need for further investigation into...- It would be interesting to explore...注意，在写作过程中，应根据具体情况选择合适的句式，并结合适当的过渡词来使论文内容具有连贯性和逻辑性。
(word完整版)史上最全SCI写作句型模板-答魔社区
史上最全SCI写作句型模板1 ——Introduction引言部分应该为读者提供一个关于你的主题的简要概述和进行研究的原因.关于单词数量,引言通常占论文的10-15％。
通常建议在完成论文的其他部分后撰写论文的引言部分。
这是因为在你看到完整的文章之前，很难弄清楚在论文的引言部分到底要写些什么。
你应该对你所选择的主题领域非常有信心,并通过适当的参考文献来支持你的论点。
研究论文的引言部分可能包括以下 7 大类内容，附上常用的写作模板:1。
General introduction:· Research on __ has a long tradition· For decades， one of the most popular ideas in __ literature is the idea that __· Recent theoretical developments have revealed that __· A common strategy used to study __ is to __· This research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from __· These approaches have been influential in the field because of __· In the past several decades， __ have played an important role in __· There are growing appeals for __· This is the field of study that deals with __· Most of the theories of __ are however focused on explaining __· There are three major theoretical and conceptual frameworks for __· The field has gradually broadened as __· This field of study is sometimes referred as __· This has been widely adopted in the field of __· This thesis considers the field of __ as the main subject of its study· One of the major topics to be investigated in this field is __· This is now a mature field which is now being spun out into commercial applications __· This field is maturing， with a wealth of well-understood methods and algorithms __· This field closely follows the paradigm of __· The field has met with great success in many problems __· The field only really took off in the late __ as it became more accessible to __· This is not particularly new and has been used for many years in the field of __· This field closely follows the paradigm of __· Widely considered to be a good way to __· This has been widely adopted in the field of __· This is more widely used at the time of __· This phenomenon has been widely observed· A common technique is to __· This is a technique common in __· There are several common kinds of __2. Problem definition：· This seems to be a common problem in __· This leads to myriad problems in __· The main problem is that __· There is a further problem with __· One primary problem with __ is that __· The methods are not without their problems as will be discussed in __· The foremost problems are the facts that __· This makes up for the problem of __· This seems to be a common problem in __· This is a complex problem and to simplify it requires __· A challenging problem which arises in this domain is __· These problems are difficult to handle __· This is typically a complex problem __· A well—known problem with __ is that it does not take into account the __· One of the problems is that it considers only the __· The key problem with this technique is __· It is usually an ill—posed problem in the case of __· This problem is well—posed and does not require to impose __· This appears as a more straightforward problem compared to the __· This turns out to be even more problematic because __· The problem with such an implementation is that __· This poses some problems when carrying out the __· This problem has attracted more attention in the field of __· This is a basic chicken—and—egg problem because __· Unfortunately, this approach results in problems related to __· These constraints make the problem difficult to __· Most of the research in this field is aimed at solving this problem。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总下面是一些常用的精彩句式，可用于SCI论文写作：1.引言部分：- "In recent years, there has been a growing interest in..."- "With the rapid development of technology, ..."- "The emergence of [X] has revolutionized the field of [Y]..."- "The importance of [X] in [Y] cannot be overemphasized..."- "Despite the significant progress made in [X], there are still several challenges that need to be addressed, such as..."2.问题陈述：- "One of the major challenges faced by researchers in [field] is how to..."- "The question of [X] has attracted considerable attention from scholars..."- "Despite extensive studies on [X], the underlying mechanism remains unclear..."- "Previous research has focused on [X], but little attention has been paid to..."- "There is an urgent need to investigate the impact of [X] on [Y] and its potential solutions..."3.方法部分：- "To address this issue, we propose a novel approach, which involves..."- "The experimental setup consists of... In order to obtain reliable results, we conducted..."- "Data collection was carried out through a series of interviews/surveys/experiments..."- "This research utilized state-of-the-art techniques such as..."4.结果与讨论部分：- "The results of our study demonstrate a significant correlation between [X] and [Y]..."- "These results not only confirm previous studies, but also shed new light on..."- "The observed trends suggest that [X] plays a crucial role in..."- "We also conducted a statistical analysis to examine the significance of the results..."5.结论部分：- "In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of [X] in [Y] and provides valuable insights into..."- "This research contributes to the existing literature by..."- "In light of these findings, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to address the challenges associated with [X]..."- "Overall, this study enriches our understanding of [X] and paves the way for future research in this field..."请注意，选择合适的句式和用词应根据具体的论文内容和写作场景来决定，以确保语言表达准确、流畅、连贯，并且符合学术规范。
SCI写作结果和讨论句型模板
SCI写作结果和讨论句型模板结果:1. The results showed that...2. It was found that...3. The data presented in this study indicate that...4. Our findings demonstrate that...5. The results suggest that...讨论:1. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have shown...2. The results support the notion/idea that...3. This is in line with the hypothesis/theory that...4. The observed trends can be attributed/explained by...5. The findings raise several important questions/concerns...结论:1. In conclusion, this study provides evidence/support for...2. The findings of this research have significant implications for...3. These results contribute to a better understanding of...4. The present study adds to the existing literature by...5. These findings have important implications for future research in the field of...注意：1.这些句型只是一些常用的表达方式，实际写作中应结合具体情况进行灵活运用。
sci 常用句型
SCI论文写作中，有一些常用的句型可以帮助作者更清晰、有条理地表达自己的观点。
以下是一些经典和常用的句型：1. Introduction:- This was demonstrated in a number of studies that...（许多研究表明…）- Considerable research efforts have been devoted to...（大量研究工作致力于…）- In this paper, we aim to [research objective] by [research method/approach]. Example: In this paper, we aim to investigate the effects of social media on young adults' mental health by conducting a survey.（在本论文中，我们旨在通过[研究方法/方法]实现[研究目标]。
例如：在本论文中，我们旨在通过进行调查来研究社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响。
）2. 经典替换词:- Replace "individuals", "characters", or "folks" with "people" or "persons".（将“个人”，“角色”或“人们”替换为“人”或“人”）- Use positive terms like "rosy", "promising", "perfect", "pleasurable", "excellent", "outstanding", and "superb" to describe your findings or results.（使用积极的术语如“有希望的”，“完美的”，“愉快的”，“优秀的”，“杰出的”和“极好的”来描述您的发现或结果。
sci写作常用句式
SCI写作常用句式有很多，以下是一些例子：The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of … 我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。
The object of this fundamental research will be to reveal … 此项基础研究的目标是揭示…With his recent research, the author intends to outline the framework of … 通过最近的研究，作者试图描绘…构架。
This paper aims to explore the relationship between … 这篇论文旨在探讨…之间的关系。
This study aims to determine the factors that influence … 这项研究旨在确定影响…的因素。
The aim of this st udy was to investigate the effects of … 这项研究的目的是调查…的影响。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of … 这项研究的目的是评估…的有效性。
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on … 这篇论文对…的文献进行了全面综述。
This study employed a case-control design to investigate the association between … 这项研究采用病例对照设计来调查…之间的关联。
The results of this study suggest that … 这项研究的结果表明…以上是一些SCI写作常用的句式，当然还有很多其他的句式，需要根据具体的研究内容和目的进行选择和运用。
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一)一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。
它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A. Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated. (Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740 )B. This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.C. Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD. Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E. Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666）F. An interesting approach in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid was described by Ogawa et al（Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666）G. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the direct transition metal-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989)H. There are many excellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide catalysis,19,P755)I. Nishimiya and Tsutsumi have reported on（proposed）the influence of the Si/Al ratio of various zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)二、在results and discussion中经常会用到的：如图所示A. GIXRD patterns in Figure 1A show the bulk structural information on as-deposited films.B. As shown in Figure 7B, the steady-state current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 V, which is probably due to the dissolution of FeOx.C. As can be seen from parts a and b of Figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable VOx structures（J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 24950−24958）这与XX能够相互印证：A. This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.B. This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Z.Zou et al. / Chemical Physics Letters 332 (2000) 271–277)C. This indicates a good agreement between the observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when the O atoms are included in the model.D. The results are in good consistent with the observed photocatalytic activity...E. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures.F. It was also found that areas of persistent divergent surface flow coincide with regions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5°C.SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(二)1. 值得注意的是...A. It must also be mentioned that the recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.B. Another interesting finding is that zeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed high selectivities (>99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)C. It should be pointed out that the nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high ORR electrocatalytic activity.D. Notably, the Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 2008–2022)E. Given the multitude of various transformations published, it is noteworthy that only very few distinct activation methods have been identified. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)F. It is important to highlight that these two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the “H-bond-catalyst” and the catalyst acting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)G. It is worthwhile mentioning that these PPNDs can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge PPNDs resulting in electrosteric stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 2037–2041)2. ...仍然是个挑战A. There is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge to rationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive MTMOs for advanced LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and FCs. （Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2 014, 53, 1488 –1504）B. However, systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.C. It remains challenging to develop highly active HER catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 7296–7299)D. One of the great challenges in the twenty-first century is unquestionably energy storage. (Nature Materials 2005, 4, 366 - 377 )3. 众所周知A. It is well established (accepted) / It is known to all / It is commonly known that many characteristics of functional materials, such as composition, crystalline phase, structural and morphological features, and the sur-/interface properties between the electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influence the performance of these unique MTMOs in electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 –1504）B. It is generally accepted (believed) that for a-Fe2O3-based sensors the change in resistance is mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of gases on the surface of the sensor structure. (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 582)C. As we all know, soybean abounds with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen elements owing to the existence of sugar, proteins and lipids. (Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 9367-9369)D. There is no denying that their presence may mediate spin moments to align parallel without acting alone to show d0-FM. (Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 3918-3930)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(三)1. 正如下文将提到的...A. As will be described below（也可以是As we shall see below）, as the Si/Al ratio increases, the surface of the zeolite becomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666）B. This behavior is to be expected and will be further discussed below. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 3701–3707)C. There are also some small deviations with respect to the flow direction, which we will discuss below.（Science, 2001, 291, 630-633）D. Below, we will see what this implies.E. Complete details of this case will be provided at a later time.E. 很多论文中，也经常直接用see below来表示，比如：The observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is suggestive of a VLS growth process (see below). (Science, 1998, 279, 208-211)2. 这与XX能够相互印证...A. This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520 nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eVB.This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 332, 271–277)C. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape, or size of plasmonic nanostructures. （Nat. Mater. 2011, DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3151）D. In addition, the shape of the titration curve versus the PPi/1 ratio, coinciding with that obtained by fluorescent titration studies, suggested that both 2:1 and 1:1 host-to-guest complexes are formed. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9463-9464)E. This unusual luminescence behavior is in accord with a recent theoretical prediction; MoS2, an indirect bandgap material in its bulk form, becomes a direct bandgap semiconductor when thinned to a monolayer. (Nano Lett., 2010, 10, 1271–1275)3. 我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用A. Our findings suggest that the use of solar energy for photocatalytic water splitting might provide a viable source for ‘clean’ hydrogen fuel, once the catalytic efficiency of the semiconductor system has been improved by increasing its su rface area and suitable modifications of the surface sites.B. Along with this green and cost-effective protocol of synthesis, we expect that these novel carbon nanodots have potential applications in bioimaging and electrocatalysis.(Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 9367-9369)C. This system could potentially be applied as the gain medium of solid-state organic-based lasers or as a component of high value photovoltaic (PV) materials, where destructive high energy UV radiation would be converted to useful low energy NIR radiation. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 29-43)D. Since the use of graphene may enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 under UV and visible-light irradiation, graphene–TiO2 composites may potentially be used to enhance the bactericidal activity. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 782-796)E. It is the first report that CQDs are both amino-functionalized and highly fluorescent, which suggests their promising applications in chemical sensing.(Carbon, 2012, 50, 2810–2815)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(四)1. 什么东西还尚未发现/系统研究A. However,systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.B. Nevertheless,for conventional nanostructured MTMOs as mentioned above, some problematic disadvantages cannot be overlooked.（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2014,53, 1488 –1504）C. There are relatively few studies devoted to determination of cmc values for block copolymer micelles. (Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1033-1040)D. This might be the reason why, despite of the great influence of the preparation on the catalytic activity of gold catalysts, no systematic study concerning the synthesis conditions has been published yet. (Applied Catalysis A: General2002, 226, 1–13)E. These possibilities remain to be explored.F. Further effort is required to understand and better control the parameters dominating the particle surface passivation and resulting properties for carbon dots of brighter photoluminescence. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128 , 7756–7757)2. 由于/因为...A. Liquid ammonia is particularly attractive as an alternative to water due to its stability in the presence of strong reducing agents such as alkali metals that are used to access lower oxidation states.B. The unique nature of the cyanide ligand results from its ability to act both as a σdonor and a πacceptor combined with its negativecharge and ambidentate nature.C. Qdots are also excellent probes for two-photon confocal microscopy because they are characterized by a very large absorption cross section (Science 2005, 307, 538-544).D. As a result of the reductive strategy we used and of the strong bonding between the surface and the aryl groups, low residual currents (similar to those observed at a bare electrode) were obtained over a large window of potentials, the same as for the unmodified parent GC electrode. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883-5884)E. The small Tafel slope of the defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets is advantageous for practical applications, since it will lead to a faster increment of HER rate with increasing overpotential.(Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 5807–5813)F. Fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recent years owing toexceptional advantages such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 3953–3957)G. On the basis of measurements of the heat of immersion of water on zeolites, Tsutsumi etal. claimed that the surface consists of siloxane bondings and is hydrophobi cin the region of low Al content. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641−3666)H. Nanoparticle spatial distributions might have a large significance for catalyst stability, given that metal particle growth is a relevant deactivation mechanism for commercial catalysts.3. ...很重要A. The inhibition of additional nucleation during growth, in other words, the complete separation of nucleation and growth, is critical(essential, important) for the successful synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. (Nature Materials 3, 891 - 895 (2004))B. In the current study, Cys, homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) were chosen as model thiol compounds since they play important (significant, vital, critical) roles in many biological processes and monitoring of these thiol compounds is of great importance for diagnosis of diseases.(Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 1147-1149)C. This is because according to nucleation theory, what really matters in addition to the change in temperature ΔT (or supersaturation) is the cooling rate.(Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 2013-2026)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(五)1. 相反/不同于A. On the contrary, mononuclear complexes, called single-ion magnets (SIM), have shown hysteresis loops of butterfly/phonon bottleneck type, with negligible coercivity, and therefore with much shorter relaxation times of magnetization. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)B. In contrast, the Dy compound has significantly larger value of the transversal magnetic moment already in the ground state (ca. 10−1μB), therefore allowing a fast QTM. （Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417）C. In contrast to the structural similarity of these complexes, their magnetic behavior exhibits strong divergence. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 4413–4417)D. Contrary to other conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride is chemically and thermally stable and does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. (Nature materials, 2009, 8(1): 76-80.)E. Unlike the spherical particles they are derived from that Rayleigh light-scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit scattering in the red, which could be useful in developing multicolor diagnostic labels on the basis not only of nanoparticle composition and size but also of shape. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)2. 发现，阐明，报道，证实可供选择的词包括：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of举例：A. These stacks appear as nanorods in the two-dimensional TEM images, but tilting experiments confirm that they are nanoprisms. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)B. Note that TEM shows that about 20% of the nanoprisms are truncated. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)C. Therefore, these calculations not only allow us to identify the important features in the spectrum of the nanoprisms but also the subtle relation between particle shape and the frequency of the bands that make up their spectra. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)D. We observed a decrease in intensity of the characteristic surface plasmon band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for the spherical particles at λmax = 400 nm with a concomitant growth of three new bands of λmax = 335 (weak), 470 (medium), and 670 nm (strong), respectively. (Science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)E. In this article, we present data demonstrating that opiate and nonopiate analgesia systems can be selectively activated by different environmental manipulations and describe the neural circuitry involved. (Science 1982, 216, 1185-1192)F. This suggests that the cobalt in CoP has a partial positive charge (δ+), while the phosphorus has a partial negative charge (δ−), implying a transfer of electron density from Co to P. (Angew. Chem., 2014, 126: 6828–6832)3. 如何指出当前研究的不足A. Although these inorganic substructures can exhibit a high density of functional groups, such as bridging OH groups, and the substructures contribute significantly to the adsorption properties of the material,surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the post-synthetic functionalization of the inorganic units within MOFs. (Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19: 5533–5536.)B. Little is known, however, about the microstructure of this material. (Nature Materials 2013,12, 554–561)C. So far, very little information is available, and only in the absorber film, not in the whole operational devices. （Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (2), pp 888–893）D. In fact it should be noted that very little optimisation work has been carried out on these devices. (Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 7893-7895)E. By far the most architectures have been prepared using a solution processed perovskite material, yet a few examples have been reported that have used an evaporated perovskite layer. (Adv. Mater., 2014, 27: 1837–1841.)F. Water balance issues have been effectively addressed in PEMFC technology through a large body of work encompassing imaging, detailed water content and water balance measurements, materials optimization and modeling, but very few of these activities have been undertaken for anion exchange membrane fuel cells, primarily due to limited materials availability and device lifetime. (J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2013, 51: 1727–1735)G. However, none of these studies tested for Th17 memory, a recently identified T cell that specializes in controlling extracellular bacterial infections at mucosal surfaces. (PNAS, 2013, 111, 787–792)H. However, uncertainty still remains as to the mechanism by which Li salt addition results in an extension of the cathodic reduction limit. (Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 232-250)I. There have been a number of high profile cases where failure to identify the most stable crystal form of a drug has led to severe formulation problems in manufacture. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 2080-2088)J. However, these measurements systematically underestimate the amount of ordered material. ( Nature Materials 2013, 12, 1038–1044)SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(六)1. 取决于a. This is an important distinction, as the overall activity of a catalyst will depend on the material properties, synthesis method, and other possible species that can be formed during activation. (Nat. Mater. 2017,16,225–229)b. This quantitative partitioning was determined by growing crystals of the 1:1 host–guest complex between ExBox4+ and corannulene. (Nat. Chem. 2014, 6177–178)c. They suggested that the Au particle size may be the decisive factor for achieving highly active Au catalysts.(Acc. Chem. Res., 2014, 47, 740–749)d. Low-valent late transition-metal catalysis has become indispensable to chemical synthesis, but homogeneous high-valent transition-metal catalysis is underdeveloped, mainly owing to the reactivity of high-valent transition-metal complexes and the challenges associated with synthesizing them. (Nature 2015, 517,449–454)e. The polar effect is a remarkable property that enables considerably endergonic C–H abstractions that would not be possible otherwise. (Nature 2015, 525, 87–90)f. Advances in heterogeneous catalysis must rely on the rational design of new catalysts. (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 100–101)g. Likely, the origin of the chemoselectivity may be also closely related to the H bonding with the N or O atom of the nitroso moiety, a similar H-bonding effect is known in enamine-based nitroso chemistry. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53: 4149–4153)2. 有很大潜力a. The quest for new methodologies to assemble complex organic molecules continues to be a great impetus to research efforts to discover or to optimize new catalytic transformations. (Nat. Chem. 2015, 7, 477–482)b. Nanosized faujasite (FAU) crystals have great potential as catalysts or adsorbents to more efficiently process present and forthcoming synthetic and renewable feedstocks in oil refining, petrochemistry and fine chemistry. (Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 447–451)c. For this purpose, vibrational spectroscopy has proved promising and very useful. (Acc Chem Res. 2015, 48, 407–413.)d. While a detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated and there is room for improvement in the yields and selectivities, it should be remarked that chirality transfer upon trifluoromethylation of enantioenriched allylsilanes was shown. (Top Catal. 2014, 57: 967. )e. The future looks bright for the use of PGMs as catalysts, both on laboratory and industrial scales, because the preparation of most kinds of single-atom metal catalyst is likely to be straightforward, and because characterization of such catalysts has become easier with the advent of techniques that readily discriminate single atoms from small clusters and nanoparticles. (Nature 2015, 525, 325–326)f. The unique mesostructure of the 3D-dendritic MSNSs with mesopore channels of short length and large diameter is supposed to be the key role in immobilization of active and robust heterogeneous catalysts, and it would have more hopeful prospects in catalytic applications. (ACSAppl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7, 17450–17459)g. Visible-light photoredox catalysis offers exciting opportunities to achieve challenging carbon–carbon bond formations under mild and ecologically benign conditions. (Acc. Chem. Res., 2016, 49, 1990–1996)3. 因此同义词：Therefore, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, so, as a result这一条比较简单，这里主要讲一下这些词的副词词性和灵活运用。
SCI写作常见经典句型
SCI写作常见经典句型Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well inmethodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex。
sci写作常用句式
sci写作常用句式摘要：1.SCI 写作的重要性2.SCI 写作的常用句式3.如何运用这些句式提升SCI 写作水平正文：一、SCI 写作的重要性SCI（Science Citation Index）是科学引文索引的缩写，它是世界著名的三大科技文献检索库之一。
在我国，SCI 论文的数量和质量被广泛视为衡量一个科研人员、学术团队乃至高校、研究机构的学术水平的重要指标。
因此，掌握SCI 写作技巧对于科研人员来说具有重要意义。
二、SCI 写作的常用句式1.研究背景与目的句式- 研究背景：介绍研究领域的现状、重要性和研究的动机。
- 研究目的：明确阐述研究的目标和意图。
例句：随着全球气候变化，生态环境恶化日益严重。
本研究旨在探讨生态环境保护与可持续发展的策略。
2.文献综述句式- 总结性文献综述：回顾研究领域的历史，概括现有研究的主要观点和发展趋势。
- 批判性文献综述：评价现有研究的优缺点，指出研究的不足和潜在的发展方向。
例句：在过去的二十年里，关于生态环境保护的研究已经取得了显著进展。
然而，现有的研究仍存在诸多不足，如缺乏跨学科的综合性分析。
3.方法与数据句式- 研究方法：详细介绍所采用的研究方法和技术，包括数据收集、处理、分析等。
- 数据展示：清晰地呈现研究数据，可以使用图表、统计数据等方式。
例句：本研究采用问卷调查法，收集了来自200 个样本的数据。
通过统计分析，我们发现生态环境保护与可持续发展之间存在显著的正相关关系。
4.结果与讨论句式- 结果展示：简明扼要地陈述研究发现的主要结果。
- 讨论分析：对结果进行解释，探讨其意义、局限性和可能的应用领域。
例句：根据我们的研究结果，实施生态环境保护措施可以有效地促进可持续发展。
然而，这些措施的实施也面临诸多挑战，需要政府、企业和公众共同努力。
5.结论句式- 总结研究结果：概括地重申研究发现的主要内容。
- 提出建议：针对研究发现，给出改进现状或推进研究的建议。
例句：综上所述，生态环境保护与可持续发展之间存在密切的关联。
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SCI写作方法（一）1. Introduction：1.1. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性1.1.1.在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。
如：However,①little information (little attention/little work/little data/little research……)has been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied。
②few studies (few investigations/few researchers/few attempts……) have been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied。
③no/none of these studies has been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied)。
④no/none of these studies has been with respect to如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglected to/overestimated/underestimated/misled.Thus, these previous results are inconclusive/misleading/unsatisfactory/questionable/ controversial.Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist……1.1.2. 研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作However, data is still scarce (rare, less accurate) or there is still dearth of……We need to (aim to, have to) provide more documents (data, records, studies, increase the dataset).Further studies are still necessary (essential)……强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍与自己研究问题相反或相关的问题。
比如：(1)时间问题；(2)研究手段问题；(3)研究区域问题；(4)不确定性；(5)提出自己的假设来验证。
如果你研究的问题在时间上比较新，你可大量提及时间较老问题的研究及重要性，然后(However)表明“对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足”；如果你的是一种新的研究手段或研究方向，你可提出当前流行的方法及其物质性质，然后(However)说对你所研究的方向方法研究甚少；如果研究涉及区域问题，就先总结相邻区域或其它区域的研究，然后(However)强调这一区域的研究不足；虽然前人对某一问题研究很多，但目前有两种或更多种观点，这种uncertanties或ambiguities值得进一步澄清；如果自己的研究是全是新的，没有前人的工作可对比，你就可以自信地说“根据假设提出的过程，存在这种可能的结果，本文就是要证实这种结果”等等。
We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the……It is hoped that the question will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed method (approach).1.2. 提出自己的观点We aim to//This paper reports on//This paper provides results//This paper extends the method//This paper focus on……The purpose of this paper is to……Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, we will also discuss……1.3.圈定自己的研究范围Introduction的另一个作用就是告诉读者(包括reviewer)，你文章的主要研究内容。
如果处理不好，reviewer会提出严厉的建议，比如你没有考虑某种可能性，某种研究手段等。
为减少这种争论，在前言的结尾就必须明确提出本文研究的范围：(1)时间尺度；(2) 研究区域等。
如涉及较长的时序，你可明确提出本文只关心某一特定时间范围的问题，We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)……如有两种时间尺度(long-term and short term)，你可说两者都重要，但是本文只涉及其中一种。
研究区域的问题，和时间问题一样，也需明确提出你只关心某一特定区域！1.4. 最后的原场在前言的最后，还可以总结性地提出“这一研究对其它研究有什么帮助”；或者说further studies on……will be summarized in our next study (or elsewhere)。
总之，其目的就是让读者把思路集中到你要讨论的问题上来。
尽量减少不必要的争论(arguments)。
2. Discussion：2.1. 怎样提出观点在提出自己的观点时，采取什么样的策略很重要，不合适的句子通常会遭到reviewer 置疑。
(1)如果观点不是这篇文章最新提出的，通常要用We confirm that……(2)对于自己很自信的观点，可用We believe that……(3)通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……Demonstrate: to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence.(4) 在极其特别时才可用We put forward(discover, observe)……"for the first time"来强调自己的创新……(5) 如果自己对所提出的观点不完全肯定，可用:①We tentatively put forward (interpret this to…)②The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to resulted from……③This is probably a consequence of……④It seems that……can account for (interpret) this……⑤It is poss ible that it stem from……要注意这些结构要合理搭配。
如果通篇为(1)和(5)，那这篇文章的意义就大打折扣。
如果全是(2)，肯定会遭到置疑。
所以要仔细分析自己成果的创新性以及可信度。
1.2.连接词与逻辑写英文论文最常见的毛病是文章的逻辑不清楚，解决方法如下。
(1)注意句子上下连贯，不能让句子独立。
常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。
比如，①叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, C C……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……②如果叙述两种观点，要把它们截然分开AA put forward that……In contrast, BB believe or Unlike AA, BB suggest or On the contrary (表明前面观点错误)，③如果只表明两种观点对立，用in contrast BB……④如果两种观点相近,可用AA suggest……Similarly, alternat ively, BB……Or Also, BB or BB al so does……⑤表示因果或者前后关系可用Consequently, therefore, as a result……⑥表明递进关系可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition……(2) 注意段落布局的整体逻辑经常我们要叙述一个问题的几个方面。
这种情况下，一定要注意逻辑结构。
第一段要明确告诉读者你要讨论几个部份Therefore, there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed. The first question involves……The second problem relates to……The third aspect deals with……清晰地把观点逐层叙述。
也可以直接用First, Second, Third, Finally……当然，Furthermore, in addition等可以用来补充说明。
(3) 讨论部分的整体结构：小标题是把问题分为几个片段的好方法。
通常第一个片段指出文章最重要的数据或结果；补充说明部分放在最后一个片段。
一定要明白，文章的读者分为多个档次；除了本专业的专业人士读懂以外，一定要想办法能让更多的外专业人读懂。
所以可以把讨论部分分为两部份，一部分提出观点，另一部份详细介绍过程以及论述的依据。
这样专业外的人士可以了解文章的主要观点，比较专业的讨论他可以把它当成黑箱子，而这一部分本专业人士可以进一步研究。