托福真题汇总
2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习
2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习Part 1: Conversation-based Questions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. Where does the conversation most likely take place?3. What can be inferred about the woman?Part 2: Problem-Solving Questions1. What is the man's problem?2. What are the possible solutions mentioned?3. What solution does the woman suggest?Part 3: Academic Discussions1. What is the main purpose of the discussion?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. What evidence does the woman provide to support her argument? Part 4: Academic Lectures1. What is the topic of the lecture?2. What is the professor's main point?3. How does the example illustrate the professor's main point?Part 5: Campus Life1. Which club is the woman a member of?2. Why does the woman need financial support?3. What does the man offer to do for the woman?Part 6: Academic and Social Skills1. What topic does the professor introduce?2. What is one characteristic of the topic?3. How can this characteristic be beneficial?Part 7: Science and Technology1. What is the main function of the new software?2. How does the new software differ from the old version?3. What benefit does the new software bring to users?Part 8: Advanced Level Discussions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. How does the woman respond to the man's opinion?As the 2024 TOEFL exam is approaching, it is essential for test-takers to engage in practice sessions that familiarize them with the format and content of the listening section. One effective way to prepare is by practicing with authentic past TOEFL listening questions.In the first part of the listening section, conversation-based questions are asked. These questions assess your ability to understand the main topic of aconversation, the location where the conversation is most likely taking place, and inferencing skills about the individuals involved.The second part of the listening section focuses on problem-solving questions. These questions require you to identify the problem the speaker is facing, analyze potential solutions mentioned, and determine the best solution based on the information provided.Part three comprises academic discussions, where you are expected to identify the main purpose of the discussion, the opinions of the speakers, and supporting evidence used in the conversation.In the fourth part, academic lectures are presented, and you need to comprehend the lecture topic, understand the professor's main point, and recognize how examples or illustrations are used to support the main point.The fifth part revolves around campus life, where you must gather information about the activities, clubs, and student organizations, as well as understand the financial support and assistance offered by individuals or institutions.For the sixth part, academic and social skills are discussed. You are required to recognize the topic introduced by the professor, identify specific characteristics, and understand the potential benefits associated with these characteristics.The seventh part focuses on science and technology, exploring advancements and innovations. It requires you to understand the main functions of software or devices, identify differences between different versions, and recognize the benefits provided by newer technologies.The eighth part consists of advanced level discussions, where complex topics are debated. You are expected to identify the main topic of the conversation, grasp the speakers' opinions, and understand how the conversation unfolds based on different perspectives.By practicing with past TOEFL listening questions, you can improve your listening skills, become more familiar with various question types, and enhance your understanding of spoken English. Regular practice will help you feel more confident and prepared for the listening section of the 2024 TOEFL exam.Remember to listen carefully, take notes when necessary, and pay attention to key details and information. Developing good listening strategies and practicing with a variety of listening materials will significantly contribute to your success in the TOEFL listening section.。
TOEFL考试真题
TOEFL考试真题1. （A） He can have more than four guests at his graduation. （B） His brother isnt going to graduate this semester.（C） He didnt know that Jane wanted to be invited.（D） Hes going to invite Jane.2. （A） Listen to the traffic report on the radio（B） Take a later train.（C） Ron to catch the next train.（D） Check the weekend schedule.3. （A） Pelivet the notebook to Kathy.（B） Pind out where Kathy put the notebook.（C） Ask Kathy to explain the chemistry notes.（D） Ask Kathy for the mans notebook.4. （A） The walk is shorter than the woman thinks it is.（B） The lecture has already started.（C） They wont have a problem getting seats.（D） The lecture may be canceled.5. （A） The woman should have studied French in Paris.（B） He didnt study French in high school.（C） Living in Paris helped improve the womans language skills. （D） The woman must have had a good French teacher.6. （A） Apologize to his roommate.（B） Give the notes to the woman.（C） Call the woman tonight.（D） Take the womans notes to his roommate.7. （A） She doesnt have time to talk to Dr. Foster.（B） She needs the additional time to finish her paper.（C） Dr. Foster hasnt finished grading the papers.（D） She wants the man to help her with her paper.8. （A） Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.（B） Ask her parents to come a different weekend.（C） Call local hotels again in a few days.（D） Find a hotel again in a few days.9. （A） Main her some information about the conference.（B） Drive her to the conference.（C） Attend the conference in her place.（D） Collect her main while shes at the conference.10. （A）The man should stop by the bookstore on the way to class. （B） The man can return the books he doesnt need.（C） The man should have bought his books earlier.（D） The man wont need books on the first day of class.11. （A） Help the man with his essay.（B） Ask Sue to rehearse with her.（C） Wait to rehearse until the man has finished his essay.（D） Meinerize her lines by herself.12. （A） Show her the newspaper that hes talking about.（B） Think about getting an internship at another place.（C） Sign up for more than one journalism class.（D） Call The Times about the internship.13. （A） He isnt as good a tennis player as he used to be.（B） He hasnt had time to play tennis recently.（C） He caught a cold shortly after the tournament.（D） He think hes more important than he is.14. （A） Hell graduate before the woman.（B） He hopes to graduate before the summer.（C） He doesnt want to attend school year—round.（D） The woman wont be able to keep up the pace.15. （A） Its too late to buy the morning newspaper.（B） He doesnt want to go to the concert.（C） The box office is closed today.（D） All of the tickets have been sold.16. （A） The woman swims as well as he does.（B） He doesnt have time to teach the woman to swim.（C） He doesnt enjoy swimming.（D） He learned to swim at a young age.17. （A） She has already started working on her research project. （B） She cant decide on a research topic.（C） Shed like to discuss her research with the man.（D） She has to change the subject of her research.18. （A） Introduce the woman to his neighbor.（B） Get a key from his neighbor.（C） Study in his neighbors apartment.（D） Borrow some books from his neighbor.19. （A） The man shouldnt hire the same tutor that she had. （B） She isnt prepared for the midterm exam either.（C） Its too late to find a tutor.（D） The man should hire a tutor before the midterm exam 20. （A） Stay in the hotel for at least two nights.（B） Leave the hotel the next morning.（C） Ask the hotel clerk for her room key.（D） Complain to the manager about the extra charges.21. （A） He doesnt recommend going to Central Mountain. （B） He doesnt plan to go skiing during spring break.（C） He has never been to Central Mountain.（D） He isnt an experienced skier.22. （A） She knows who the top history student is.（B） She hasnt read the campus newspaper today.（C） The man is mistaken.（D） Its surprising that her roommate likes history.23. （A） Hes not qualified to proofread the womans report. （B） Hell be able to talk to the woman in a few minutes. （C） He hadnt noticed a lot of the womans mistakes.（D） He thinks the woman should have asked him sooner. 24. （A） Practice her presentation in front of him.（B） Find out who her audience will be tomorrow.（C） Try not to think about her audience.（D） Watch him make his presentation.25. （A） Shes also curious about who won the game.（B） She didnt go to the game.（C） She was sitting right behind the man at the game. （D） She also left the game early.26. （A） Make a shopping list.（B） Buy some groceries.（C） Finish making the salad.（D） Wait for the woman to return.27. （A） He finds the dictionary very useful.（B） He knows where the woman put the dictionary.（C） he doesnt expect the woman to replace the dictionary. （D） The woman should buy her own dictionary.28. （A） She plans to miss soccer practice.（B） Shell arrive at the party after（C） Soccer practice will end later than usual.（D） Shell go to soccer practice after the party.29. （A） Dr. Smith told her something important.（B） Dr. Smith didnt understand what she said.（C） She wanted to protect Dr. Smiths feelings.（D） She didnt intend to say what she said.30. （A） He sells paint supplies.（B） He plans to take an art class with the woman.（C） He works as an artist.（D）He works in an art museum.31. （A） The cost of meals in the cafeteria.（B） The size of the cafeteria.（C） Career opportunities in cafeterias.（D） The food served in the cafeteria.32. （A） Giving advice on nutrition.（B） Cooking food for the students.（C） Listening to complaints about service.（D） Serving food to the students.33. （A） Find other students who will work in the cafeteria. （B） Collect students opinions about meals.（C） As students to try a new dish he has made.（D） Teach students about the disadvantages of frying food.34. （A） Stop serving hamburgers and fried chicken.（B） Use less sauce on the food.（C） Make some of the meals less fattening.（D） Buy less expensive food.35. （A） Somewhat curious.（B） Very skeptical.（C） Quite irritated.（D） Not at all interested.36. （A） That hell be performing in a concert.（B） That he had a conversation with the director of a choir. （C） That he heard a new musical composition by Barbara Johnson. （D） That hes been translating some Latin poems for a class.37. （A） Theyre members of the Latin club on campus.（B） They work as editors.（C） They attended the same concert.（D） Music is their major field of study.38. （A） She was upset.（B） She was confused.（C） She was amused.（D） She was grateful.39. （A） Some photographs that he took of her during the concert. （B） A tape recording that he made of the concert.（C） A review of the concert that he wrote for the campus paper. （D） The corrected text from the program of the concert.40. （A） The skills cowboys learned on the range.（B） The evolution of rodeos.（C） The recent decline in the popularity of rodeos.（D） The growth of the cattle industry.41. （A） They were small informal events.（B） Competitors were awarded large prizes.（C） Large audiences attended them.（D） There were standard rules for judging events.42. （A） It is the only traveling rodeo.（B） it is the largest agricultural fair.（C） It is the oldest annual rodeo.（D） It was the first rodeo to charge admission.43. （A） How animals react to frightening situations.（B） Why mice are particularly fearful animals.（C） Whether fearfulness is a genetic trait.（D） Why certain animals are feared by humans.44. （A） They fought with the other mice.（B） They stayed close to their mothers.（C） They ran back and forth constantly.（D） They remained close to one wall.45. （A） The extent of damage to the nervous system.（B） The presence or absence of certain nerve—cell receptors.（C） The size of nerve—cell receptors in the brain.（D） The level of danger in the mammals environment.46. （A） To show the relationship between fearfulness and environment.（B） To give examples of animals that arent fearful.（C） To compare fear in mammals to fear in other animals.（D） To identify the nerves that control fear in certain animals.47. （A） Why water flows from artesian springs.（B） How artesian wells are drilled.（C） Why artesian springs are important to geologic research. （D） How aquifers are formed.48. （A）They pump water from the aquifer.（B） They purify the water in the aquifer.（C） They store excess water from the aquifer.（D） They trap water in the aquifer.49. （A）By eroding layers of sediment above it.（B） By traveling through cracks in layers of rock.（C） By reversing its flow down the aquicludes.（D） By boiling up through pores in the aquifer.50. （A） It pushes the water upward.（B） It keeps the water cool.（C） It holds the water underground.（D） It creates holes in the aquiclude.。
托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)
托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1．According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA．living in the southern climateB．crossing the land bridgesC．fossilization in the coal layersD．movements of the supercontinent正确答案：B解析：【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。
toefl试题及答案
toefl试题及答案TOEFL试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. 根据所听对话，选出正确的答案。
A. 学生在图书馆找书。
B. 学生在询问课程安排。
C. 学生在讨论课题研究。
D. 学生在讨论作业问题。
答案：A2. 根据所听讲座，选出正确的答案。
A. 教授在讨论历史事件。
B. 教授在分析文学作品。
C. 教授在讲解科学理论。
D. 教授在介绍艺术作品。
答案：B二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 阅读以下段落，回答以下问题："The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people worked and lived."A. What was the main impact of the Industrial Revolution?B. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the daily life of people?答案：A. The main impact of the Industrial Revolution was the significant changes in the way people worked and lived.B. The Industrial Revolution affected the daily life of people by altering their work patterns and living conditions.2. 阅读以下段落，选择最佳 "The role of technology in education has been a topic of debate for many years. Some argue that it enhances learning, while others believe it can be a distraction."A. The Pros and Cons of Technology in EducationB. The History of Technology in EducationC. The Debate Over Technology in EducationD. The Future of Technology in Education答案：C三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）1. 根据以下提示，进行口语回答：- Describe a memorable event from your childhood.- Explain why it was memorable.答案示例：One of the most memorable events from my childhood was the day I learned to ride a bicycle. It was a sunny afternoon, and my father was teaching me. After several attempts and falls, I finally managed to ride without support. The feeling of accomplishment and the joy of mastering a new skill madeit an unforgettable experience.2. 根据以下情景，进行口语回答：- You are planning a trip with friends. Discuss thefactors you consider when choosing a destination.答案示例：When planning a trip with friends, I consider several factors such as the interests of the group, the budget, the weather, and the accessibility of the destination. We usually discuss our preferences and make a list of potential places. Then, we evaluate them based on the mentioned factors and make a decision that suits everyone.四、写作任务（Writing Task）1. Write an essay discussing the importance of environmental protection and the role individuals can play in it.答案示例（略）：考生需根据题目要求，撰写一篇不少于300字的议论文，阐述环境保护的重要性以及个人如何参与其中。
托福阅读理解真题汇总
托福阅读理解真题汇总托福阅读真题1The term folk song has been current for over a hundred years, but there is still a good deal of disagreement as to what it actually means. The definition provided by the International Folk Music Council states that folk music is the music of ordinary people, which is passed on from person to person by being listened to rather than learned from the printed page. Other factors that help shape a folk song include: continuity (many performances over a number of years); variation (changes in words and melodies either through artistic interpretation or failure of memory); and selection (the acceptance of a song by the community in which it evolves).When songs have been subjected to these processes their origin is usually impossible to trace. For instance, if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a-couple of friends who like it and memorize it, possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves one of them might forget some of the words and make up new ones to fill the gap, while the other, perhaps more artistic, might add a few decorative touches to the tune and improve a couple of lines of text. If this happened a few times there would be many different versions, the song's original composer would be forgotten, and the song would become common property. This constant reshaping and re-creation is the essence of folk music. Consequently, modem popular songs and other published music, even though widely sung by people who are not professional musicians, are not considered folk music. The music and words have been set by a printed or recorded source, limiting scope for further artistic creation. These songs'origins cannot be disguised and therefore they belong primarily to the composer and not to a community.The ideal situation for the creation of folk music is an isolated rural community. In such a setting folk songs and dances have a special purpose at every stage in a person's life, from childhood to death. Epic tales of heroic deeds, seasonal songs relating to calendar events, and occupational songs are also likely to be sung.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Themes commonly found in folk music(B) Elements that define folk music(C) Influences of folk music on popular music(D) The standards of the International Folk Music Council2. Which of the following statements about the term folk song is supported by the passage ?(A) It has been used for several centuries.(B) The International Folk Music Council invented it.(C) It is considered to be out-of-date.(D) There is disagreement about its meaning.3. The word it in line 8 refers to(A) community(B) song(C) acceptance(D) memory4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folksong?(A) It is constantly changing over time.(B) It is passed on to other people by being performed.(C) It contains complex musical structures.(D) It appeals to many people.5. The word subjected in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) reduced(B) modified(C) exposed(D) imitated6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends (lines 10-14) in order to do which of thefollowing?(A) Explain how a folk song evolves over time(B) Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers(C) Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song(D) Demonstrate how a community, chooses a folk song7. According to the passage , why would the original composers of folk songs be forgotten?(A) Audiences prefer songs composed by professional musicians.(B) Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes.(C) Numerous variations of folk songs come to exist at the same time.(D) Folk songs are not considered an important form of music.8. The word essence in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) basic nature(B) growing importance(C) full extent(D) first phase9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because(A) the original composer can be easily identified(B) the songs attract only the young people in a community(C) the songs are generally performed by professional singers(D) the composers write the music in rural communitiesPASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA托福阅读真题2Often enough the craft worker's place of employment in ancient Greece was set in rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement. At Corinth and Athens, however, two of the best-known potters' quarters were situated on the cities' outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot. Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.; its distinctive color and luster were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln's temperature during an extended three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters who initiated changes in firing is unclear, the functions of making and decorating were usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized that they did not share in the concerns of the other.The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storage jars orbuilding materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth- and fifth-century B.C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for other products such as roof tiles, which were in some quantity, they were used to facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means — as numerous featureless statuettes and unattractive cases testify.1. The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its(A) production techniques(B) similarity to other crafts(C) unusual materials(D) resemblance to earlier pottery2. The phrase regardless of in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) as a result of(B) no matter what(C) proud of(D) according to3. It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece weresituated(A) in city centers(B) on the outskirts of cities(C) where clay could be found(D) near other potters' workshops4. The word marked in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) original(B) attractive(C) noticeable(D) patterned5. The word confine in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) adapt(B) train(C) restrict(D) organize6. It can be inferred from the passage that terra-cotta had which of the following advantages(A) It did not break during the firing process.(B) It was less expensive than other available materials.(C) Its surface had a lasting shine.(D) It could be used for many purposes.7. The word presumably in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) frequently(B) practically(C) preferably(D) probably8. The word they in line 24 refers to(A) molds(B) particular effects(C) products(D) vessels and figurines9. According to the passage , all of the following are true of ancient Greek potters and vasepainters EXCEPT:(A) Their functions were so specialized that they lackedcommon concerns.(B) They sometimes produced inferior ware.(C) They produced pieces that had unusual color and shine.(D) They decorated many of their works with human images.PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA托福阅读真题3Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished, fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture —that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely subsidiary, source of food.Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an evengreater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be bartered for other commodities, the Neolithic era witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture(B) the changes agriculture brought to human life(C) How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture(D) Why the first agricultural societies failed2. The word precarious in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) uncertain(B) humble(C) worthy(D) unusual3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of(A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies(B) foods eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source(C) types of food that hunters and gatherers lacked in theirdiets(D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) original(C) involved(D) stable5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger human populations becauseagriculture(A) created more varieties of food(B) created food surpluses(C) resulted in increases in leisure time(D) encouraged bartering6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the(A) need to keep records(B) desire to write down beliefs(C) extraction of ink from plants(D) growth of social complexity7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) repeat(B) exchange(C) understand(D) describe8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's familyrelationships?(A) The extended family became less important.(B) Immediate neighbors often became family members.(C) The nuclear family became self-sufficient.(D) Family members began to wok together to raise food.9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT(A) an increase in invention and innovation(B) emergence of towns and cities(C) development of a system of trade(D) a decrease in warfare10. Which of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period?(A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products(B) It varied according to family size.(C) It was based on hunting and gathering.(D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grewthemselves.PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC。
历年托福考试写作真题汇总
历年托福考试写作真题汇总1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities.2. Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?3. Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in search of another place?4. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.5. You have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which would you buy?6. Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree?7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a live performance (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more enjoyable than watching the same event on television.8. Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people‘s lives. (1) automobiles (2) bicycles (3) airplanes9. Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good?10. Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree?11. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly.12. The expre ssion “never, never give up” means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?13. Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not?14. What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.15. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities?16. Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer?17. Some people prefer to get up ea rly in the morning and start the day‘s work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer?18. What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture?19. Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.20. People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons.21. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls.22. Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer?23. Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from?24. What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age?25. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns.26. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances.27. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should never make an important decision alone.28. A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Which do you think the company should choose? 29. Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movie do you prefer?30. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything they can to make a profit.31. Some people are always in a hurry to go places and get things done. Other people prefer to take their time and live life at a slower pace. Which do you prefer?32. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Games are as important for adults as they are for children.33. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children.34. What do you want most in a friend ?someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable?35. Which one of these characteristics is most important to you?36. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future.37. Some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business. Others prefer to work for an employer. Would you rather be self-employed, work for someone else, or own a business?38. Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?39. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child‘s success in school.40. If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an inexperienced worker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary?41. Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students?42. If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study, what would you choose?43. Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion?44. Which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends?45. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage students to learn.46. Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion?47. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.48. Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other universities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better?49. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should begin learninga foreign language as soon as they start school.50. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools.51. Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently?52. Your city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Who would you choose?53. Describe a custom from your country that you would like people from other countries to adopt. Explain your choice, using specific reasons and examples.54. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live.55. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country.56. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture.57. Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with?58. A foreign visitor has only one day to spend in your country. Where should this visitor go on that day? Why?59. If you could go back to some time and place in the past, when and where would you go? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.60. What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.61. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and email have made communication between people less personal.62. If you could travel back in time to meet a famous person from history, what person would you like to meet?63. If you could meet a famous entertainer or athlete, who would that be, and why?64. If you could ask a famous person one question, what would you ask? Why?65. Some people prefer to live in places that have the same weather or climate all year long. Others like to live in areas where the weather changes several times a year. Which do you prefer?66. Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. What are some of the important qualities of a good roommate? Use specific reasons and examples to explain why these qualities are important.67. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture.68. People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress?69. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how much their students learn.70. In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? (not limited to the examples listed in the question.)71. People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you?72. Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong.73. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school.74. If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed.75. Plants can provide food, shelter, clothing, or medicine. What is one kind of plant that is important to you or the people in your country? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.76. The twentieth century saw great change. In your opinion, what is one change that should be remembered about the twentieth century?77. Is the ability to read and write more important today than in the past? Why or why not?78. People do many different things to stay healthy. What do you do for good health?79. You have decided to give several hours of your time each month to improve the community where you live. What is one thing you will do to improve your community? Why?80. People recognize a difference between children and adults. What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult?81. People listen to music for different reasons and at different times. Why is music important to many people?82. Groups or organizations are an important part of some people‘s lives. Why are groups or organizations important to people?83. Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from your home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can take one additional thing.84. When students move to a new school, they sometimes face problems. How can schools help these students with their problems?85. Some students like classes where teachers lecture (do all of the talking) in class. Other students prefer classes where the students do some of the talking. Which type of class do you prefer?86. Holidays honor people or events. If you could create a new holiday, what person or event would it honor and how would you want people to celebrate it?87. The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer.88. What are some of the qualities of a good parent? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer.89. Movies are popular all over the world. Explain why movies are so popular.90. In your country, is there more need for land to be left in its natural condition or is there more need for land to be developed for housing and industry? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。
TOEFL阅读真题汇总
TOEFL阅读真题汇总为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1PASSAGE 46Pennsylvanias colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political implications. The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of the colonies rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making had become the backbone of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, was manufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other iron plantations, continued to form the new nations industrial foundationwell into the nineteenth century. The rural landscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke, charcoal-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal so crucial to the nations growth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods during war and peace-ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-iron stoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the 1830s, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves, for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts made by Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the Hopewell stove. By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some 80,000 cast-iron stoves.1. The word implications in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) significance(B) motives(C) foundations(D) progress2. It can be inferred that the purpose of the legislation passed by England in 1750 was to(A) reduce the price of English-made iron goods sold in the colonies(B) prevent the outbreak of the War of Independence(C) require colonists to buy manufactured goods from England.(D) keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials.3. The author compares iron furnaces to which of the following?(A) cannons(B) pyramids(C) pots(D) windows4. The word rushing in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) reliable(B) fresh(C) appealing(D) rapid5. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasonsEXCEPT(A) Many workers were available in the area.(B) The center of operations of the army was nearby.(C) The metal ore was easy to acquire(D) There was an abundance of wood.6. The passage mentions roads, canals, and railroads in line 25 in order to explain that(A) improvements in transportation benefited the Hopewell ironworks(B) iron was used in the construction of various types of transportation(C) the transportation system of Pennsylvania was superior to that of other states.(D) Hopewell never became a major transportation center7. The word they in line 26 refers to(A) links(B) parts(C) workers(D) sites8. The word some in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) only(B) a maximum of(C) approximately(D) a variety ofPASSAGE 46 ACBDB ABC托福阅读真题2PASSAGE 47As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions,churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children efficiently in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was(A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities(B) an increase in the number of trained teachers(C) the expanding economic problems of schools(D) the increased urbanization of the entire country2. The word means in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) advantages(B) probability(C) method(D) qualifications3. The phrase coincided with in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) was influenced by(B) happened at the same time as(C) began to grow rapidly(D) ensured the success of4. According to the passage , one important change in United States education by the 1920s wasthat(A) most places required children to attend school(B) the amount of time spent on formal education was limited(C) new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education(D) adults and children studied in the same classes5. Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned inlines 10-11 to illustrate(A) alternatives to formal education provided by public schools(B) the importance of educational changes(C) activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.(D) the increased impact of public schools on students.6. According to the passage , early-twentieth century education reformers believed that(A) different groups needed different kinds of education(B) special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them(C) corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress(D) more women should be involved in education and industry7. The word it in line 22 refers to(A) consumption(B) production(C) homemaking(D) educationPASSAGE 47 DCBAD AC托福阅读真题3PASSAGE 48According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to get things done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members andattempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The problems faced by leaders(B) How leadership differs in small and large groups(C) How social groups determine who will lead them(D) The role of leaders in social groups2. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT(A) recruitment(B) formal election process(C) specific leadership training(D) traditional cultural patterns3. In mentioning natural leaders in line 9, the author is making the point that(A) few people qualify as natural leaders(B) there is no proof that natural leaders exist(C) natural leaders are easily accepted by the members of a social group(D) natural leaders share a similar set of characteristics4. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?(A) A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader inanother group.(B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.(C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.(D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focuson(A) ensuring harmonious relationships(B) sharing responsibility with group members(C) identifying new leaders(D) achieving a goal6. The word collective in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular7. The word them in line 19 refers to(A) expressive leaders(B) goals of the group(C) group members(D) tension and conflict8. A secondary relationship mentioned in line 22 between a leader and the members of a groupcould best be characterized as(A) distant(B) enthusiastic(C) unreliable(D) personal9. The word resolve in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for10. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in term of(A) examples that illustrate a problem(B) cause and effect analysis(C) narration of events(D) comparison and contrastPASSAGE 48 DCBAD CCADD。
TOEFL托福阅读真题整合
TOEFL托福阅读真题整合托福阅读真题1__ 31Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.(B) Causes and effects of rent control(C) The fluctuations of rental prices(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.2. The word They in line 9 refers to(A) the tenants(B) their leases(C) places(D) rent controls.3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,California?(A) rapid population growth(B) inflation(C) economic conditions during wartime(D) record-high housing prices4. The phrase roll back in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) credit(B) measure(C) vary(D) reduce5. The word stimulating in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) experimenting with(B) identifying(C) estimating(D) encouraging6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to(A) protect tenants(B) promote construction(C) increase vacancy rates(D) decrease sales of rental units7. The word depressed in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) saddened(B) created(C) lowered(D) defeated8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.9. According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?(A) Santa Monica(B) Dallas(C) San Francisco(D) New York City10. The word stringent in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) straightforward(B) strict(C) expanded(D) efficient11. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?(A) Luxury apartments(B) Commercial development(C) Moderately priced apartments(D) Office space.__ 31 BDCDD ACBBB C托福阅读真题232By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors andimmigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: limner was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; painter characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens andHamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonial American painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in theeighteenth century.2. The word outbreak in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word undergone in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. I t can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word consorted in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word sufficient in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which ofthe following?(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.__ 32 CBDBA DACBD托福阅读真题3__ 33Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing auniversity to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember.On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long- range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding(C) insightful(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 bymeans of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word it in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to。
托福英语试题题库及答案
托福英语试题题库及答案1. 阅读部分：阅读以下段落，并回答相关问题。
In the early 20th century, the industrial revolution brought about significant changes in the way people worked and lived. Factories became the new centers of economic activity, and cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment opportunities.问题1：工业革命发生在哪个世纪？答案：20世纪。
问题2：工业革命对人们的工作方式和居住方式产生了怎样的影响？答案：工业革命使得工厂成为新的经济活动中心，人们为了寻找就业机会从农村地区迁移到城市中心，导致城市迅速扩张。
2. 听力部分：听以下对话，并回答相关问题。
Speaker 1: I'm really looking forward to the weekend. I've planned a hiking trip to the mountains.Speaker 2: That sounds like a great idea. I've been feeling a bit stressed lately, and I think getting out in nature woulddo me good.问题1：Speaker 1计划在周末做什么？答案：去山里徒步旅行。
问题2：Speaker 2为什么认为去徒步旅行是个好主意？答案：因为最近感到有些压力，认为在大自然中走走会对自己有好处。
3. 口语部分：描述你最喜欢的一种户外活动，并解释为什么喜欢它。
托福试题及答案
托福试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. 根据录音材料，以下哪个选项是学生和教授讨论的主题？A. 气候变化对农业的影响B. 城市规划中的交通问题C. 历史事件的解读方法D. 当代艺术的发展趋势答案：C2. 录音中提到的“sustainable development”是指什么？A. 经济的持续增长B. 社会公平与环境的和谐C. 技术的不断进步D. 人口的稳定增长答案：B二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 根据文章，作者认为解决能源危机的最好方法是：A. 开发可再生能源B. 提高能源效率C. 减少能源消费D. 增加传统能源的开采答案：A2. 文章中提到了哪种新型能源技术？A. 太阳能发电B. 风力发电C. 地热能D. 生物燃料答案：B三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）1. 请根据以下情景，描述你如何解决一个团队中的冲突。
- 情景：你和你的团队成员在项目截止日期临近时，因为分工问题产生了分歧。
答案：在面对团队中的冲突时，首先我会组织一个团队会议，让每个成员表达自己的观点和担忧。
然后，我会尝试找到一个平衡点，确保每个人的工作量合理分配。
如果必要，我会提出调整分工的建议，并确保每个人都同意这个新的方案。
最后，我会设定一个明确的新截止日期，以确保项目能够按时完成。
2. 描述一次你使用创造性思维解决问题的经历。
答案：在我的大学时期，我参加了一个创新设计比赛。
我们团队面临的挑战是如何设计一个既环保又经济的包装材料。
通过团队的头脑风暴，我们想到了使用可降解的生物材料作为包装。
我们进行了多次实验，最终开发出了一种新型的包装材料，它不仅满足了环保要求，而且成本低廉，最终我们的设计在比赛中获得了一等奖。
四、写作能力（Writing Ability）1. 根据以下提示写一篇议论文。
- 提示：随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖智能手机。
讨论智能手机对人们日常生活的积极和消极影响。
TOEFL托福阅读理解真题汇总
TOEFL托福阅读理解真题汇总为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the true relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the countrys most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a crueland merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.1. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainlydiscuss?(A) The influence of science on literature(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers(C) The emergence of realism and naturalism(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism2. The word prevailed in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) dominated(B) transformed(C) entered(D) generalized3. The word they in line 8 refers to(A) authors(B) dialects(C) stories(D) relationships4. According to the passage , a highly significant factor in the development of realist andnaturalist literature was(A) the Civil War(B) a recognition that romanticism was unpopular(C) an increased interest in the study of common speech(D) an economic depression5. Realist writers took an interest in all of the following EXCEPT(A) human relationships(B) characteristics of different regions(C) the idealization of life(D) social and historical theories6. The word depicted in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) emphasized(B) described(C) criticized(D) classified7. Why does the author mention mining camps in line 14?(A) To contrast the themes of realist and naturalist writers(B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed from other authors(C) As an example of a topic taken up by realist writers(D) As an example of how setting can influence literary style8. Which of the following wrote about life in rural New England?(A) Ellen Glasgow(B) Sarah Orne Jewett(C) Hamlin Garland(D) Mark Twain9. Mark Twain is considered an important literary figure because he(A) was the first realist writer in the United States(B) rejected romanticism as a literary approach(C) wrote humorous stories and novels(D) influenced American prose style through his use of common speech10. The word foremost in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) most difficult(B) interesting(C) most focused(D) leading11. Which of the following statements about Theodore Dreiser is supported by the passage ?(A) He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War.(B) His novels often contained elements of humor.(C) He viewed himself more as a social commentator than as a literary artist.(D) He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C托福阅读真题2The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately, There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment.In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady sellerbecause their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.1. Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Laws governing the printing industry.(B) Competition among printers(C) Types of publications produced(D) Advances in printing technology2. According to the passage , why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects?(A) Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle majorprojects.(B) There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.(C) Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price.(D) Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects.3. Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they(A) required a small financial investment and sold quickly(B) were in great demand in European markets(C) were more popular with colonists than chapbooks and pamphlets(D) generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists4. The word they in line 17 refers to(A) chapbooks(B) tales(C) jokes(D) pages5. The word antecedent in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) predecessor(B) format(C) imitation(D) component6. Chapbooks produced in colonial America were characterized by(A) fine paper(B) cardboard covers(C) elaborate decoration(D) a large number of pages7. The word appealing in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) dependable(B) respectable(C) enduring(D) attractive8. What were steady sellers (line 23)?(A) Printers whose incomes were quite large(B) People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets(C) Investors who provided reliable financial Support for new printers(D) Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year9. The word locale in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) topic(B) season(C) interest(D) place10. All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT(A) Broadsides (line 6)(B) catechisms (line 15)(C) chapbooks (line l6)(D) Almanacs (line 25)PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB托福阅读真题3Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. Holland, in particular, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherlands by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (todays Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that bravely colonized the settlers gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tatehams Great and Stately Palace, its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip roots. But the length of the journey between Europe and North Americacreated many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.1. Which of the following questions does the passage mainly answer?(A) What is the difference between an Old World and a New World plant?(B) Why are tulips grown in many different parts of the world?(C) How did tulips become popular in North America?(D) Where were the first Dutch colonies in North America located?2. The word integral in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) interesting(B) fundamental(C) ornamental(D) overlooked3. The passage mentions that tulips were first found in which of the following regions?(A) Central Asia(B) Western Europe(C) India(D) North America4. The word flourished in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) were discovered(B) were marketed(C) combined(D) thrived5. The author mentions tulip growing in New Netherlands, Pennsylvania. and Michigan in order toillustrate how(A) imported tulips were considered more valuable than locally grown tulips(B) tulips were commonly passed as gifts from one family to another(C) tulips grew progressively more popular in North America(D) attitudes toward tulips varied from one location to another6. The word grumbled in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) denied(B) warned(C) complained(D) explained7. The passage mentions that one reason English and Dutch settlers planted tulips in theirgardens was that tulips(A) were easy to grow(B) had become readily available(C) made them appear fashionable(D) reminded them of home8. The word they in line 20 refers to(A) tulips(B) plains(C) immigrants(D) plants9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred in English gardens duringthe European settlement of North America?(A) They grew in size in order to provide enough plants to export to the New World.(B) They contained a wider variety of tulips than ever before.(C) They contained many new types of North American plants.(D) They decreased in size on the estates of wealthy people.10. The passage mentions which of the following as a problem associated with the importation oftulips into North America?(A) They were no longer fashionable by the time they arrived.(B) They often failed to survive the journey.(C) Orders often took six months or longer to fill.(D) Settlers knew little about how to cultivate them.PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB。
托福试题全部及答案
托福试题全部及答案1. Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In the realm of environmental conservation, the concept of sustainable development has gained significant traction over the past few decades. It is predicated on the idea that economic growth and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive but can coexist harmoniously. The key to achieving this balance lies in the efficient use of resources, the implementation of eco-friendly practices, and the promotion of policies that prioritize both economic and ecological health.Question 1: What is the primary focus of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Efficient use of resourcesD) Both A and BAnswer: D) Both A and BQuestion 2: According to the passage, what is essential for achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection?A) Inefficient use of resourcesB) Implementation of eco-friendly practicesC) Neglect of policiesD) Overexploitation of resourcesAnswer: B) Implementation of eco-friendly practices2. Directions: Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions that follow.Conversation:Speaker 1: "I've been learning about the history of the internet and it's fascinating how it has transformed our lives."Speaker 2: "Absolutely, it's hard to imagine life without it now. It's become an integral part of our daily routines."Question 1: What are the speakers discussing?A) The history of the internetB) The future of the internetC) The impact of the internet on daily lifeD) The disadvantages of the internetAnswer: C) The impact of the internet on daily lifeQuestion 2: What does Speaker 2 imply about the internet?A) It is a new inventionB) It is a luxuryC) It is an essential part of daily lifeD) It is a hindrance to daily routinesAnswer: C) It is an essential part of daily life3. Directions: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words from the list provided.List of words:a) accelerateb) diminishc) enhanced) mitigatee) prosperSentence 1: The introduction of new technologies has the potential to _____ the economy.Answer: c) enhanceSentence 2: The company's profits have _____ significantly due to poor management.Answer: b) diminishSentence 3: The government is implementing policies to _____ the effects of climate change.Answer: d) mitigateSentence 4: The new highway will _____ traffic congestion in the city.Answer: a) accelerateSentence 5: The small business _____ after receiving a large investment.Answer: e) prosper4. Directions: Write an essay on the following topic: "The Role of Education in Promoting Social Equality."In your essay, you should:- Discuss the importance of education in reducing social inequalities.- Explain how education can empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.- Provide examples of educational policies or programs that have been successful in promoting social equality.Essay:Education plays a pivotal role in promoting social equality by providing individuals with the tools and knowledge necessary to succeed in life. It is a powerful equalizer that can break the cycle of poverty and empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. By offering equal access toquality education, societies can reduce social inequalities and create a more level playing field for all.One of the ways education can empower individuals is by providing them with the skills and qualifications needed to secure better job opportunities. For instance, vocational training programs can equip individuals with practical skills that are in high demand in the job market, thus increasing their chances of employment and improving their economic prospects.Moreover, educational policies and programs that focus on inclusivity and accessibility have proven successful in promoting social equality. For example, scholarship programsfor underprivileged students can ensure that financial constraints do not hinder their pursuit of education. Similarly, affirmative action policies in higher education institutions can provide equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, education is a cornerstone of social equality. It has the potential to transform lives and societies by fostering a more inclusive and equitable world. By investing in education, we invest in the future of our communities and the well-being of all individuals.Note: The essay provided is a sample response and should be tailored to the specific requirements of the prompt.。
托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编4（题后含答案及解析）
托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编4（题后含答案及解析）托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and an American history professor (P).S: Professor Farrington, may I ask a question about something you said in class yesterday?P: Sure.S: You mentioned that... about how Park City in Utah went from a boomtown in the 1800s to a ghost town and then became prospero us again. I was, well... that’s an interesting cycle, and..., well, perhaps it might be suitable topic for my research paper?P: Sure, that might make a good topic since similar things happened at other mining towns.S: So, comparing them might be interesting?P: Yeah, absolutely!S: So, what triggered the economic downturn in Park City?P: Well, in 1870 there were fewer than 200 people living in the Park City area. After silver was discovered there the population grew very quickly. I think it reached around 10,000 by 1900, but soon after that the silver that was close to the surface had all been mined, so they had to dig deeper and deeper, which reduced the profit margin not just because it’s time consuming, but going deeper led to problems with flooding. It’s t ime consuming and expensive to pump water out of mines. So, that was one major factor. I mean there were other factors that contributed too like the recession and a stock marketpanic in 1907. If you do write about this, you have to get into that.S: Ok, and it was what... tourism that brought it back again?P: Basically, yes. The ski industry kind of started about the same time in the 1920s. At first it was only a few folks hiking up to the top of the mountain and then skiing down. As the sportbecame popular, so did the mountains around Park City. By the 1960s, it was a major ski resort with thousands of skiers.S: And the same with the other abandoned mining towns?P: Well, some, but some became tourist attractions not because of skiing, but because people were interested in the history. Actually, one old mining town in the middle of the California desert... Bodie, that’s now a state park. It’s popular because the buildings have been preserved as they were in the 1940s.S: Wow! So, maybe I could choose a couple of towns that went through that whole cycle and talk about them in some depth as a way of illustrating the general boom and bust phenomenon... maybe find some first-hand accounts?P: Well, for this, sure, it’d be better to go into some depth about specific towns rather than talking about a lot of them in broad terms. Definitely give it a shot. But you probably won’t be able to find many diaries or personal accounts. Not many people who lived in mining towns could read or write, Oh, and also remember the impact of national events.S: Ok, that’s understandable, the local and the national. Thanks!。
托福考试语法试题及答案详解
托福考试语法试题及答案详解托福考试语法试题及答案详解11. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ a t the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
one to do sth补充： 常考 the first/second/3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。
托福阅读理解真题整合
托福阅读理解真题整合为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. These kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects — lions, flags, and clipper ships — are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay used to producelow-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware — one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of spattering orsponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks. Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.1. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?A) They discovered a new kind of clay.B) They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.C) They studied new techniques in Europe.D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.2. The word ornate in line 7 is closest in meaning toA) elaborateB) puzzlingC) durableD) common3. The passage suggests that the earliest stonewareA) was decorated with simple, abstract designsB) used three-dimensional decorationsC) was valued for its fancy decorationsD) had no decoration4. How did yellow ware achieve its distinctive color?A) by sponging on a glazeB) by dusting on metallic powdersC) by brown-glazingD) by firing at a high temperature5. The phrase derived from in line 19 is closest in meaning toA) ruined byB) warned againstC) based onD) sold by6. The word It in line 20 refers toA) red wareB) yellow wareC) Rockingham wareD) English brown-glazed earthenware7. The word Various in line 21 is closest in meaning toA) complicatedB) acceptedC) carefulD) different8. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning toA) explainB) restrictC) financeD) supplement9. What was special about flint enamel?A) its even metallic shineB) its mottled appearanceC) its spattered effectD) its varicolored streaks10. Which of the following kinds of Rockingham ware were probably produced in the greatestquantity?A) picture framesB) dishes and bowlsC) curtain tiebacksD) doorknobs11. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion ofA) what bedpans, foot warmers, and cuspidors were used forB) well-known, modern-day potters who make Rockingham wareC) examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially wantD) pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in todays marketPASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C托福阅读真题2Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the United States Weather Bureaus national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by their local forecasting office. In the 1930s, when interest in aviation and progress inair-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the APs Washington, B.C., office from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press International (UPI), developed a competing Photowire network and also provided timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the weather map became an essential ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened by increased competition from television for readers attention, sought to package the news more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide, full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event. Ironically, a newspapers richest, most instructive weather maps often are comparatively small and inconspicuous.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the UnitedStates.(B) The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers(C) A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States.(D) Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States2. The word resumed in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) began again(B) held back(C) thought over(D) referred to3. According to the passage , one important reason why newspapers printed daily weather mapsduring the first half of the twentieth century was(A) the progress in printing technology(B) a growing interest in air transportation(C) a change in atmospheric conditions(D) the improvement of weather forecasting techniques4. What regular service did The Associated Press and United Press International begin to offersubscribing newspapers in the 1930s?(A) A new system of weather forecasting(B) An air-mass analysis(C) Twice daily weather maps(D) Cloud-cover photographs5. The phrase attests to in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) makes up for(B) combines with(C) interferes with(D) gives evidence of6. The word others in line 24 refers to(A) newspapers(B) ways(C) temperature maps(D) weather maps7. The word drab in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) precise(B) poor(C) simple(D) dull8. In contrast to the weather maps of USA Today, weather maps in The New York Times tended tobe(A) printed in foil color(B) included for symbolic reasons(C) easily understood by the readers(D) filled with detailed information9. The word prominent in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) complex(B) noticeable(C) appealing(D) perfect10. The author uses the term Ironically in line 28 to indicate that a weather maps appearance(A) is not important to newspaper publishers(B) does not always indicate how much information it provides(C) reflects how informative a newspaper can be(D) often can improve newspaper salesPASSAGE 69 BABCD ADDBB托福阅读真题3The origins of nest-building remain obscure, but current observations of nest-building activities provide evidence of their evolution. Clues to this evolutionary process can be found in the activities of play and in the behavior and movements of birds during mating, such as incessant pulling at strips of vegetation or scraping of the soil. During the early days of the reproductive cycle, the birds seem only to play with the building materials. In preparation for mating, they engage in activities that resemble nest-building, and continue these activities throughout and even after the mating cycle. Effective attempts at construction occur only after mating.Although nest-building is an instinctive ability, there is considerable adaptability in both site selection and use of materials, especially with those species which build quite elaborate constructions. Furthermore, some element of learning is often evident since younger birds do not build as well as their practiced elders. Young ravens, for example, first attempt to build with sticks of quite unsuitable size, while a jackdaws first nest includes virtually any movable object. The novelist John Steinbeckrecorded the contents of a young osprey nest built in his garden, which included three shirts, a bath towel, and one arrow.Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials. Crows have been seen to tear off stout green twigs, and sparrowhawks will dive purposefully onto a branch until it snaps and then hang upside down to break it off. Golden eagles, over generations of work, construct enormous nests. One of these, examined after it had been dislodged by high winds, weighed almost two tons and included foundation branches almost two meters long. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to their size and most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight.1. The word obscure in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) interesting(B) unclear(C) imperfect(D) complex2. According to the passage , which of the following activities is characteristic of the early part of the reproductive cycle of birds?(A) Selecting a mate(B) Collecting nest-building materials(C) Playing with nest-building materials(D) Building a nest3. The word display in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) communicate(B) imitate(C) initiate(D) exhibit4. The novelist John Steinbeck is mentioned in line 14 because he(A) conducted a scientific study on the behavior of ospreys(B) was the first to describe where ospreys built their nests(C) described the materials ospreys can use to build their nests(D) compared the size of osprey nests with the nests of other species5. Which of the following birds are mentioned as those that build nests that include unusualobjects?(A) Ravens(B) Ospreys(C) Crows(D) Sparrowhawks6. According to the passage , when gathering materials to build theirnests, sparrowhawks dowhich of the following?(A) Hang upside down(B) Select only green twigs(C) Use objects blowing in the wind(D) Collect more branches than necessary7. The word these in line 20 refers to(A) golden eagles(B) generations(C) winds(D) nests8. The word load in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) weight(B) number(C) section(D) level9. The author mentions twenty percent in line 23 to indicate that(A) eagles are twenty percent bigger than most birds(B) twenty percent of all nests include foundation branches(C) the nests of eagles are twenty percent of larger than those of other birds(D) birds can carry twenty percent more of their own weightPASSAGE 70 BCDCB ADAD最新托福阅读理解真题整合文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并丰富，共享给更多有需要的人。
托福测试题及答案
托福测试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The history of photographyB. The impact of technology on artC. The role of photography in journalismD. The evolution of camera technologyAnswer: B2. According to the professor, what is one of the benefits of digital photography?A. It allows for greater artistic control.B. It is less expensive than film photography.C. It is easier to manipulate images.D. It requires less technical skill.Answer: A3. Why does the professor mention the example of the painter who used a camera?A. To illustrate the limitations of photographyB. To show how technology can inspire traditional art formsC. To demonstrate the influence of photography on paintingD. To argue that photography is a form of artAnswer: B4. What does the student imply about the relationship between photography and journalism?A. They are becoming more distinct from each other.B. They have always been closely related.C. They are merging due to technological advancements.D. They are separate fields with little overlap.Answer: C二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）Passage 1: The Impact of Technology on Education5. What is the author's main argument in the passage?A. Technology has had a negative impact on education.B. The integration of technology in education is essentialfor its future.C. Technology has made education less personal.D. The benefits of technology in education are overstated. Answer: B6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of using technology in the classroom?A. Increased student engagementB. Access to a wider range of resourcesC. Improved test scoresD. Enhanced communication between students and teachers Answer: C7. The author cites the example of online courses toillustrate:A. The accessibility of education to a broader audience.B. The potential for personalized learning experiences.C. The challenges of maintaining student motivation.D. The need for traditional classroom settings.Answer: APassage 2: The History of Urban Planning8. What is the primary focus of the passage?A. The evolution of urban planning over time.B. The role of government in urban development.C. The impact of urban planning on society.D. The challenges faced by urban planners.Answer: A9. The author mentions ancient Rome to demonstrate:A. The early origins of urban planning.B. The influence of urban planning on architecture.C. The importance of public spaces in cities.D. The limitations of early urban planning techniques. Answer: A10. What does the passage suggest about modern urban planning?A. It is more focused on aesthetics than functionality.B. It has become more inclusive and sustainable.C. It is primarily driven by economic considerations.D. It has largely abandoned traditional planning principles.Answer: B三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）Task 1: Describe a memorable event from your childhood.Sample Response:One of the most memorable events from my childhood was the summer I spent at my grandparents' farm. I was about ten years old at the time. The experience was incredibly enriching as I learned about farming, the importance of hard work, and the beauty of nature. It was a time filled with laughter, new discoveries, and a deep connection with my family.Task 2: Explain why you think environmental conservation is important.Sample Response:Environmental conservation is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Secondly, it helps maintain biodiversity, which is vital for the balance of ecosystems. Lastly, conservation efforts contribute to combating climate change by reducing pollution and promoting sustainable practices. It is our collective responsibility to protect the environment for the well-being of all living beings on Earth.四、写作任务（Writing Task）Task 1: Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media.Sample Essay:Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. On the positive side, it allows for instant connectivity with people around the world, fosters communities with shared interests, and provides a platform for self-expression and creativity. However, it also has its downsides, such as the spread of misinformation, the potential for cyberbullying, and the negative impact on mental health due to social comparison. Balancing the benefits and drawbacks is key to harnessing the power of social media responsibly.Task 2: Propose a solution to a local environmental issue in your community.Sample Essay:One pressing environmental issue in our community is the excessive use of single-use plastics. To address this, I propose the implementation of a local ordinance that bans single-use plastic items, such as straws and bags, and encourages the use of reusable alternatives. Additionally, educational campaigns can raise awareness about the environmental impact of plastic waste. By working together, our community can significantly reduce its。
托福英语试题及答案
托福英语试题及答案
一、听力部分
1. 根据录音，以下哪项是演讲者提到的主要观点？
A. 气候变化对农业的影响
B. 城市化进程中的问题
C. 科技发展对社会的益处
D. 教育改革的必要性
答案：A
2. 演讲者提到了哪种类型的农业？
A. 有机农业
B. 传统农业
C. 工业化农业
D. 可持续农业
答案：D
二、阅读部分
1. 根据文章，作者认为解决城市交通拥堵的最佳方法是什么？
A. 增加公共交通工具
B. 限制私家车使用
C. 扩大城市道路
D. 鼓励远程工作
答案：A
2. 文章中提到的“绿色出行”指的是什么？
A. 步行或骑自行车
B. 乘坐公共交通
C. 开电动汽车
D. 减少不必要的出行
答案：A
三、口语部分
1. 请根据以下提示，描述一个你曾经遇到的困难，并解释你是如何克服它的。
提示：困难的类型，你采取的措施，结果如何。
答案：略（考生需根据个人经历回答）
2. 描述你理想中的工作场所。
包括地点、环境、同事关系等因素。
答案：略（考生需根据个人理想回答）
四、写作部分
1. 有些人认为大学教育应该免费提供给所有人。
你同意还是不同意这个观点？给出你的理由。
答案：略（考生需根据个人观点写作）
2. 描述一次你改变了对某人或某事看法的经历。
包括改变的原因和结果。
答案：略（考生需根据个人经历写作）。
托福考试真题与答案
托福考试真题与答案托福考试真题与答案Section One: Listening Comprehension1.(A) She'll type the man's paper for him.(B)The computer won't be available immediately.(C) The man should be more patient.(D) She doesn't want the man to use her computer.2.(A) Read the woman's letter.(B) Visit Jeff in Alaska.(C) Write to Jeff.(D) Mail a letter for the woman.3.(A) He went to the library twice to look for the book.(B) He already returned the book to a library out of town.(C) He called the library to say the book would be overdue.(D) He couldn't return the library book because he was away.4.(A) Where the midterm exam was held.(B) Where she can see the results of the midterm exam.(C) Where she can buy a copy of the chemistry textbook,(D) Where the chemistry study group meets.5.(A) He'll ask the driver for help with the luggage.(B) He doesn't mind driving by himself.(C) He doesn't have much luggage.(D) He'd like the woman to drive him.6.(A) The suit is out of style.(B) The suit is more appropriate for the occasion.(C) The woman looks better in blue than in black.(D) The suit doesn't fit the woman well.7.(A) Writing her thesis was easier than she thought it would be.(B) She intends to work on her thesis during her vacation.(C) She intentionally chose an easy topic to write about.(D) She plans to spend some time relaxing.8.(A) He hasn't had a chance to meet Kathy yet(B) Kathy had already told him the news(C) He didn't know that Kathy was being moved.(D) His new office will be located in New York.9.(A) She'd like the man to visit her.(B) She can help the man clean up.(C) She left her room on time this morning.(D) She hasn't cleaned her room either.10.(A) He doesn't know what's wrong with the computer,(B) The woman misunderstood what he said.(C) The problem is different from what he thought it was(D) The computer cannot be repaired11.(A) She didn't see it(B) It had nothing to do with politics.(C) Some people wouldn't find it interesting.(D) The man ought to watch it again12.(A) He doesn't feel well enough to exercise(B) He prefers to exercise in the morning.(C) He accepts the woman's invitation.(D) He doesn't like to exercise in cold weather.13.(A) Change the topic of her research project.(B) Sign up for a different political science course.(C) Ask Mary to help her choose a topic.(D) Take a class together with Mary.14.(A) Send the man to a store that sells cassettes.(B) Borrow a blank cassette from her friends.(C) Sell the man one of her cassettes(D) Purchase some extra cassettes15.(A) The books were sent out late.(B) The books were sent to the wrong place.(C) He didn't mind helping the woman move.(D) He doesn't know the woman's new address.16.(A) Let him borrow her heavy jacket.(B) Stay in her car if the weather is too cold.(C) Leave campus in a couple of hours.(D) Be prepared for the possibility of cooler weather.17.(A) The man was absent when she gave them to the glass.(B) She'll give some of them to the class on Wednesday.(C) She has no more of them to give to the man.(D) The man must do many more of them to pass the test.18.(A) She has never had a class with Professor Smith.(B) She's surprised the man is taking a history class.(C) The assignment must be finished by 3 o'clock.(O) Professor Smith's classes are very demanding.19.(A) She'll return the questionnaire soon.(B) The first question is optional.(C) The man doesn't need to answer all the questions.(D) The man doesn't need to submit a questionnaire.20.(A) She doesn't like the painting.(B) She hasn't seen the man's office.(C) She'll hang the painting on the wall.(D)She doesn't know where to put the painting.21.(A) He doesn't like to cook spaghetti sauce.(B) He isn't careful when he's preparing food.(C) He makes very good desserts.(D) He cooks for the Spanish club quite often.22.(A) She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.(B) She recently visited a different university.(C) She already told the man about her plans.(D) She isn't planning to transfer to a different university.23.(A) Start cleaning sooner.(B) Hire a cleaning service.(C) Wait a while before giving another party.(D) Have his party at a different24.(A) She prefers to remain indoors.(B) She has the same allergies that the man has.(C) She doesn't think the man is sincere.(D) She doesn't understand what the man said.25.(A) He has invited many people to(B) He intentionally cooked a lot of soup.(C) He doesn't like leftovers either.(D) He used leftovers in the soup.26.(A) She can't help the man make his decision(B) A bicycle isn't a safe method of transportation.(C) The man doesn't need a new bicycle,(D) She doesn't know how to fix a bicycle,27.(A) Ed is happy with his job.(B) Ed isn't as good a worker as the boss thinks.(C) The boss plans to give Ed a raise in salary.(D) The boss hasn't treated28.(A) She left work after the man.(B) She was unable to follow the man's directions.(C) It only rained in a small area.(D) She doesn't mind driving in29.(A) It isn't necessary to attend the lecture.(B) There isn't enough time to eat dessert(C) Eating in the lecture hall is prohibited.(D) The lecture probably won't start on time.30.(A) She doesn't think that Oakville is very far.(B) She thinks the man misunderstood what he(C) She didn't know that Matthew planned to move to Oakville.(D) She wants to buy a car from Matthew.31.(A) They've lost their suitcases.(B) They can't find their dormitory.(C) Their dorm rooms have been given to other students.(D) They've missed the bus to their dormitory.32.(A) It has no bus service(B) It is small(C) It is located outside of town.(D) It is very hilly.33.(A) It's far from the academic buildings.(B) No buses go to it.(C) There are few first-year students living there.(D) It's older than the other dormitories.34.(A) They bring too many things with them.(B) They waste their time.(C) They don't familiarize themselves with the campus(D) They don't make realistic career plans.35.(A) Judging people's behavior.(B) Common causes of anger.(C) Changing people's attitudes.(D) The effects of negative behavior.36.(A) When they're unable to control the person's behavior.(B) When the causes of the behavior are obvious.(C) When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.(D) When the behavior is expected.37.(A) It's not always clear why people behave in certain ways.(B) People usually blame others for their mistakes.(C) Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely.(D) The reason for some behavior is obvious.38.(A) They usually accept responsibility.(B) They blame factors beyond their control(C) They complain about their personal problems.(D) They compare their behavior to the behavior of others.39. (A) Settlement patterns in desert.(B) Causes of desertification.(C) Plant adaptation to desert conditions.(D) Regions most affected by desertification.40. (A) It receives more nutrients than it can absorb.(B) It becomes oversaturated with water.(C) It loses the ability to support insect life.(D) It loses nutrients that aren't replaced.41. (A) Too many animals eating the plants in one small area.(B) Planting too much vegetation in one small area.(C) Too many people building houses in one small area.(D) Bringing together the wrong kinds of animals and plants.42. (A) The animals overfertilize the soil.(B) Dead plant roots can't hold the soil together.(C) The wrong types of plants are left standing.(D) There is a buildup of plant and animal matter.43. (A) It can cause flooding in an(B) It can carry diseases that affect animals.(C) It can introduce too much salt into the soil.(D) It can divert water from important crops.44. (A) A possible explanation for why green turtles nest in certain locations.(B) Physical differences among various groups of green turtles.(C) Several examples of mating behavior in green turtles.(D) The impact of continental drift on the diet of green turtles.45. (A) Teach their young how to swim.(B) Mate and lay eggs.(C) Hide from predators.(D) Eat different kinds of fish.46. (A) Its geography is similar to Brazil's.(B) Their instinct leads them to the place they were hatched.(C) There are other species of turtles located there.(D) Its climate is milder than Brazil's.47. (A) To discover how long their ancestors lived.(B) To analyze how their appearance has evolved.(C) To find out how a disease has spread(D) To determine how closely groups of turtles are related.48.(A) To demonstrate George Washington's survival skills.(B) To show that some stories about famous people may behistorically inaccurate.(C) To describe a historical event that was portrayed in a painting.(D) To tell a story that George Washington told about himself.49.(A) She led her tribe to victory against the colonists(B) She was considered to be extremelybeautiful.(C) She created popular American Indian art.(D) She helped establish peace between her tribe and the colonists50.(A) They have only recently been discovered.(B) They were painted by the colonists who knew her.(C) Most of them portray her as a child.(D) They might not reflect her true appearance.。
托福英语试题题库及答案
托福英语试题题库及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。
A. 学生正在图书馆寻找资料。
B. 学生错过了图书馆的开放时间。
C. 图书馆管理员正在帮助学生。
D. 学生在图书馆找到了需要的资料。
答案：B2. 根据所听讲座，以下哪项是教授提到的主要观点？A. 气候变化对农业的影响。
B. 农业技术的发展。
C. 气候变化对城市的影响。
D. 城市化对农业的影响。
答案：A二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 阅读以下段落，然后回答问题。
"The development of new technologies has greatly influenced the way we live and work. For instance, the internet has made communication faster and more convenient."根据上文，新技术对我们生活的影响是什么？A. 使沟通更慢。
B. 使沟通更快。
C. 使工作更困难。
D. 使工作更简单。
答案：B2. 下列哪项不是作者在文中提到的？A. 互联网。
B. 电子邮件。
C. 通信。
D. 工作。
答案：B三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）1. 根据以下情境，给出你的答案。
情境：你的朋友告诉你他/她计划去国外留学。
你的回答可能包括：A. 询问他/她为什么选择留学。
B. 表达你对他/她决定的支持。
C. 提供一些留学的建议。
D. 所有上述选项。
答案：D2. 描述你最近参加的一个活动，并解释为什么你参加这个活动。
（此题为开放性问题，考生需根据个人经历作答）四、写作能力（Writing Ability）1. 以“环境保护的重要性”为题，写一篇不少于300字的短文。
（此题为开放性问题，考生需根据题目要求撰写文章）2. 阅读以下段落，并写一篇评论，阐述你的观点。
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201601.09Do you think it is a good idea to let students keep pets in dorms?Do you agree or disagree that celebrities are good examples foryound people.201601.23Which one of the following history courses should be added: history of science, art history or modern history of the 20th century?Some people prefer to make a plan with their friends about social activities, while others prefer to decide about what to do when they meet their friends. Which one do you prefer and why?201601.24If you were to do a volunteer job in the community, which one of the following jobs would you like to choose? Clean up the park, planttrees or build a bicycle lane.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools and universities are successful because they hire experienced professors.201602.27What hobby would you suggest your friend who is busy with his or her work to take up?Which one of the following two factors is more important to the success of an artist? natural talent or hard workher work to take up?201602.28Many people move to new places for work and education. What are the disadvantages of this?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools should encourage students to be creative and imaginative in order for the students to be successful.201603.11What is the biggest challenge for university students and why?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is moreimportant to maintain relationship with family members than withfriends.201603.13Which one of the following should be done in order to improve the quality of life and study for the students? repairing the swimmingpool, building a new cafeteria, or improving laboratory equipment?Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of the first observation, while other people believe that it takes a long time to know a person well. Which approach to knowing people do you think is better and why?201603.19If you are a member of a tutor group, which of the following places would you like to take the students to go on a field trip? a sciencemuseum; a local farm; a theater Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be allowed to take additional courses to graduate as soon as possible.201603.26What do you think of the school you went to for the first time? Was ita good school and why?Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer and why?201604.09Describe one of the most popular websites in your country?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Leavingsome time for group discussion in class is beneficial for study.201604.23What is the most important habit that parents should teach their children? And why it is important?Some like to spend a lot of money to get unique experience on vacation, while others prefer to spend little money on vacation. Which one do you prefer and why?201605.07Do you agree or disagree that it is a good idea for universities to aska student to leave school if he or she was caught cheating inexams? Explain your response in details.Some college students like to join clubs and enjoy club activities, while others like to spend their time studying another courses or doing schoolwork. Which one do you think is better and why?201605.22When visiting a new city, which of the following would you choose to better learn about the place? Visiting a museum, walking throughstreets, or taking an organized trip Some people like surprise visits from their friends, while others prefer to be informed of such visits. Which one do you prefer and Why?201605.28Some schools require students to finish forty hours of community service each year. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages ofdoing this.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should be forced to retire after the age of 65.201605.29What kinds of effects would there be if mobile phones were forbidden in school?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should use money as an incentive for kids to behave well in school.201606.04Describe two ways in which your life will be different in five years.Some managers like to closely watch their employees, while othersprefer to give their employees more freedom. Which do you think ismore effective?201606.18One of your friends wants to drop out of college. Do you think it is a good idea or not? Why?Your professor is asking you to help with some research work on the weekend, but you have planned to go to your sister’s birthday party. Which would you choose to do? Explain why?201606.25Describe a time when an impolite behavior in public annoyed you.And explain why you were annoyed.Your community has been donated a piece of land. Should it be used to build an amusement center or grow trees and flowers?201607.02What are the disadvantages of shopping on the Internet?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Experienceddoctors are better than young doctors.201607.03One of your foreign friends is coming to your country for studying, but he or she is worried about the cost. What are the suggestionswould you give to him or her?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s impolite to make calls or send text messages on a dinner table.201607.09Talk about one thing that makes your country different from other countries.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities.201607.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to learn the history of the city you live in.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important to spend time learning about the history of the place where you live.201607.16Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?Do you agree or disagree with following statement? It is okay for people to use surgery to change their appearance.201608.20In every culture, there are some customs or traditions young people no longer follow. Describe a custom or tradition from the past that isno longer common but you wish still popular today.Some people prefer to watch entertainment programs on television, while others prefer to watch educational programs. Which do you prefer and why?201608.21Which one of the following period do you consider is the most difficult one? childhood, teen period and adulthood Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? If you want to be successful in running a business, being outgoing and friendly is very important.201608.27Talk about the advantages of moving to a new place to study or work.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should learn to draw or paint.201609.03Which of the following ways is the best in getting to know the Italian culture?1. Watching the Italian movies2. Learning the Italian cooking3. Attending the Italian lectures or history classes Some people prefer to buy a product as soon as it is in the market. Other people prefer to purchase a product when it has been in the market for some time. Which do you prefer and why?201609.10Which one of the following classes would you choose? 1. science history 2. art history 3. European history S2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is good for students' learning if teachers assign a lot of homework.201609.10V2Your city is going to build new places to attract more visitors. Amongthe following three options, which do you think is the best? A localhistory museum; a modern art and film museum; a children sciencemuseumS2: If you have some extra money, which would you prefer to spendon? 1). some practical things, like clothes or electronic products 2).some experiences, like vacations and concerts201609.11Describe a common mistake that the experienced teachers often make.Which do you prefer when you were a child? Playing indoors or playing outdoors201609.24Describe a change in your school that was initially considered by students as having negative effects on their life but later was provedto be positive.Which of the following do you prefer: doing exercise everyday or only when you are free?201609.25Which of the following would you choose to do in the summervacation? working at the front desk of a public library, a painter in acommunity art center, or a life guard in a community swimmingpool?Which do you prefer: start a project as early as possible or wait until the due time?201610.15Which of the following functions of smart phones most beneficial to students?1. taking photos2. listening to the music3. recording lectures Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: a boss or manager should not form close friendship with their employees?201610.16There are many disagreements between friends. Which is one of the effective ways to resolving the disagreements. Use your examplesand details to explain. Some students think it is good to choose the future career before entering the university. Others think it is good to take a few university classes before choosing the future career. Which is better for you and explain.201610.22Describe a time that disappointed you. What happened and what's your respond. Do you agree or disagree: Government should not allow violence and bad language in television program.201610.29Some people suggest students eat and drink during classes. Do you think it is a good idea?Some people learn more in the morning. Some others learn more in the afternoon. Which is better for you?201611.05Which of the following technological developments have made the greater impact on students' lives?1. electronic books2.online classes3. smartphones Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the best ways to learn about a country's culture is through watching television shows in that country.201611.12If university plans to add a new course that is not being offered to students, which of the following courses, in your opinion, woulldattract most students?1. Sound engineering and recording2. History of rock music3. Filmstudies Some are willing to own and manage their own company, and some prefer to work in others' company. Which do you prefer and why?201611.13If you are going to choose a roommate which of the following quality is more important to you. 1. Cleanness 2. Friendliness 3. Quietness Some people prefer to buy new books while some people would like to buy used books, what is your opinion?201611.19Nowadays traffic congestions are increasing, what can we do to reduce the cars in the city?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is never too late to get a degree in university.201611.26Do you agree that your friends are planning to take a part-time job while attending the university? And explains why.There are two invitations. One is from a party with your friends and the other is that having a dinner party with your parents. Which one would you prefer and why?。