学成语与翻译
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用四字格来口译: 1) pregnant 2) sweet 3) slumbering 4) bluntly 5) capitulate 6) base(adj.) 7) hurriedly 8) someday) 9) dreary 10) repulsive
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汉谚:1.留得青山在,不怕没些烧。 2.好鼓一打就响,好灯一拨就亮。 3.一瓶子水不响,半瓶子水乱晃。 4.学好千日不足,学坏一日有余。 谚语是直译还是意译?
• 由于大多数谚语采用生动形象的比喻,只要不 影响译文读者的理解,我们应尽可能地使用直 译方法,把原文的内容、形式和精神都输入到 译文中去,努力减少翻译中的损失。例如: • 英谚:1.Forbiden fruit is sweet. • 2.In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. • 3. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. • 4、Half a loaf is better than no bread.
in the seventh heaven : • The children are in the seventh heaven with their new toys.
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英语成语的翻译:
• • • • 英语成语可分两类。一是平铺直叙的,: 1) Knit one‟s brow 2) Last but least 3) Have pity on sb
• 6.She was always hurried during the day and tired at night. • 7.They hung the tree with shining necklaces, as if it were a holy saint with the power of curing evil and hearing prayers. • 8.In leaving one world and coming to another she had lost both. • 9.But in this country she could have forever white teeth and color in her hair. • 12.There were many folks at the reception and much wine, food and music. • 13.A direct attack, a positive leer, blatant ugliness to her face--these never touched her. • 14.Men and women hurried by in long, shifting lines.
• 大多数英语成语是无法在汉语中找到比 喻相同或相似的对等成语的。但英汉成 语之间形异却意同的对等现象有许多。 翻译时,我们也不妨有用这些对等成语。 如:
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1) Have an axe to grind 2)Talk through one‟s hat 3)To be as poor as Job 4)Neither fish nor fowl 5)Hole and corner 6)By the skin of one‟s teeth
• 9)
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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11)
be shamed into ange hate to see sb go again and again try to look happy when actually sad as if awakening from a dream walk off with sth. get instant results achieve what one wishes broad daylight take on an entirely new look face danger fearlessly
Leabharlann Baidu
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)
have never met extend in all directions talk and laugh cheerfully a world of difference take a risk in desperation disciples and followers decline with all sorts of excuses await with great anxiety remarkably true to life
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用相似的汉语成语来翻译英语成语。如: 1) Burn the boat 2) A bolt from the blue 3) Six of one and half a doze of the other • 4) After one‟s own heart • 5) One‟s hair stands on end • 6) Kill two birds with one stone
• 另一类,有着相当明显的比喻意义,其 中不少有着一定的历史或神话典故。这 类成语中,有一部分因使用范围广、历 史久,其字面意义和比喻意义都能为中 国读者所接受。 如:
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1)Trojan horse 2)Tower of ivory 3)Sour grapes 4)Sphinx‟s riddle 5)The fifth column 6)A Judas kiss 7)Crocodile tears
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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
bargain mischievous cynical careless platitude senile appropriate boundless listless furious
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• 翻译: • 1.He was canny, openhanded, brisk, candid, and modest. • 2.The Presidency has survived hard times and ordinary men before. • 3.Daryman Crick‟s household of maids and men lived on comfortably, placidly even merrily. • 4.In this place he would meet his end. • 5.The trees at that season were very colorful---she had never seen this before.
第五章 成语与翻译
一、英语成语汉译
• 例: • He was in the seventh heaven last night.误译:1)他昨晚 到七重天去了。 (七重天宾馆?) • 2)他昨晚去极乐世界了。 • 3)他昨晚见上帝去了。 • 4)他昨晚升天了。 • 5)他昨晚归西了。 • 6)他昨晚见马克思去了。
• 译文中四字格运用所要注意的4个问题。 • The mayor of Toledo said in 1932:” I have seen thousands of these defeated, discouraged, hopeless men and women, cringing and fawning as they come to ask for public id. It is a spectacle of national degradation.”托莱多市长在1932年说过: “我见到数千万遭受了挫折的、失去了信心和 希望的男人和女人又奉承又乞怜地前来请示救 济。这么一个情景给国家丢了脸。”
• 译文: • 托菜多市长在 1932 年说过:“这见到成 千上万的山穷水尽、灰心绝望的男男女 女前来请求救济。他们低声下气,苦苦 哀求。此情此景,真是丢尽了美国的 脸。” •
• To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful. • From his friend, Richard Nixon • 赠给享利· 基辛格: • 你总能献出英明的计策,用全部心血进行忘我 的工作,积极承担份外的事务,我为此将永远 感激你。 • 你的朋友:理查德· 尼克松
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下面译文更好: 赠言享利· 基辛格 善进良策 献身尔职 逾于所司 永志不渝 你的朋友:理查德· 尼克松
The girls were all smiles on hearing the good news.姑娘们听到这个好消 息都满脸堆笑。 Louisa: As you have come to my home, I feel greatly honored. 路易莎(一位农家姑娘):大驾光临,不胜荣幸!
• 翻译英语成语时很重要的一点:切莫望 文生义。如: • 1) Pull sb‟s leg • 2) move heaven and earth • 3) child‟s play • 4) eat one‟s words5)dog-eat-dog
三、翻译中汉语四字格的使用
• 四字格有两大类,一类是汉语成语的四字格,另一类 是普通词语四字格。总起来说,四字格有3大优点: • 从内容上讲,它言简意赅;从形式上讲,它整齐匀称; 从语音上讲,它顺口悦耳。 • 有不少成语原先并未采用四字格,但在其历史的发展 过程中,通过由繁化简或由简化繁的途径,都朝四字 格这一形式靠拢。 • 由繁化简的汉语成语有:“人言可畏”,“集思广 益”,“青出于蓝”。 • 由简化繁的汉语成语有:“披荆斩棘”,“赴汤蹈 火”,“短兵相接”
• 汉谚:1 、明枪易躲,暗箭难防。 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding. • 2、城门失火,殃及池鱼。A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in t he moat. • 3、路遥知马力,日久见人心。As a long road tests a horse‟s strength, so a long task proves a person‟s heart. • 4初生牛犊不怕虎。New-born calves make little of tigers.
五、谚语的翻译
• 英语谚语和汉语谚语都有这样的特点:比喻生 动,寓意深刻,用词精炼,单句讲究韵律,双 句讲究对仗,文体口语化,朗朗上口,便于记 忆流传。 • 英谚:1.Out of sight, out of mind. • 2.No mill, no meal. • 3. Easy come , easy go. • 4. Like father , like son.
• 另一部分,由于其文化背景的缘故,读者还不能通过 它们的字面意义来理解它们的比喻意义。如: • 1) In a pig‟s whisper • 2) Draw blood • 3) Hang on sb‟s sleeve • 4) Hang on sb‟s lips • 5) To be full of beans • 6) Get cold feet • 7) Bury one‟s head in the sand