变压器毕业设计外文翻译
变压器专业英语翻译
变压器专业英语翻译1、元件设备三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 电容器：Capacitor并联电容器：shunt capacitor电抗器：Reactor母线：Busbar输电线：TransmissionLine发电厂：power plant断路器：Breaker刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator分接头：tap电动机：motor-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2、状态参数有功：active power无功：reactive power电流：current容量：capacity电压：voltage档位：tap position无功损耗：reactive loss有功损耗：active loss功率因数：power-factor功率：power功角：power-angle电压等级：voltage grade空载损耗：no-load loss铁损：iron loss铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current阻抗：impedance正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance电阻：resistor电抗：reactance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance无功负载：reactive load 或者QLoad有功负载: active load Load遥测：YC(telemetering)遥信：YX励磁电流(转子电流)：magnetizing current 定子：stator功角：power-angle上限:upper limit下限：lower limit并列的：apposable高压: high voltage低压：low voltage中压：middle voltage电力系统power system发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current母线bus变压器transformer升压变压器step-up transformer高压侧high side输电系统power transmission system输电线transmission line固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation 稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability功角稳定angle stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer交流AC装机容量installed capacity电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower 变电站transformer substation补偿度degree of compensation高抗high voltage shunt reactor无功补偿reactive power compensation故障fault调节regulation裕度magin三相故障three phase fault故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time切机generator triping高顶值high limited value强行励磁reinforced excitation线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)机端generator terminal静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system 机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power无功（功率）reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current下降特性droop characteristics斜率slope额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器T分接头tap下降率droop rate仿真分析simulation analysis传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side裕度margin同步synchronization失去同步loss of synchronization 阻尼damping摇摆swing保护断路器circuit breaker电阻：resistance电抗：reactance阻抗：impedance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance导纳：admittance电感：inductance电容: capacitance-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Absorber Circuit ——吸收电路AC/AC Frequency Converter ——交交变频电路AC power control ——交流电力控制AC ower Controller ——交流调功电路AC Power Electronic Switch ——交流电力电子开关Ac Voltage Controller ——交流调压电路Asynchronous Modulation ——异步调制Baker Clamping Circuit ——贝克箝位电路Bi-directional Triode Thyristor ——双向晶闸管Bipolar Junction Transistor-- BJT ——双极结型晶体管Boost-Buck Chopper ——升降压斩波电路Boost Chopper ——升压斩波电路Boost Converter ——升压变换器Bridge Reversible Chopper ——桥式可逆斩波电路Buck Chopper ——降压斩波电路Buck Converter ——降压变换器Commutation ——换流Conduction Angle ——导通角Constant Voltage Constant Frequency --CVCF ——恒压恒频Continuous Conduction--CCM ——（电流）连续模式Control Circuit ——控制电路Cuk Circuit ——CUK斩波电路Current Reversible Chopper ——电流可逆斩波电路Current Source Type Inverter--CSTI ——电流（源）型逆变电路Cycloconvertor ——周波变流器DC-AC-DC Converter ——直交直电路DC Chopping ——直流斩波DC Chopping Circuit ——直流斩波电路DC-DC Converter ——直流－直流变换器Device Commutation ——器件换流Direct Current Control ——直接电流控制Discontinuous Conduction mode ——（电流）断续模式displacement factor ——位移因数distortion power ——畸变功率double end converter ——双端电路driving circuit ——驱动电路electrical isolation ——电气隔离fast acting fuse ——快速熔断器fast recovery diode ——快恢复二极管fast recovery epitaxial diodes ——快恢复外延二极管fast switching thyristor ——快速晶闸管field controlled thyristor ——场控晶闸管flyback converter ——反激电流forced commutation ——强迫换流forward converter ——正激电路frequency converter ——变频器full bridge converter ——全桥电路full bridge rectifier ——全桥整流电路full wave rectifier ——全波整流电路fundamental factor ——基波因数gate turn-off thyristor——GTO ——可关断晶闸管general purpose diode ——普通二极管giant transistor——GTR ——电力晶体管half bridge converter ——半桥电路hard switching ——硬开关high voltage IC ——高压集成电路hysteresis comparison ——带环比较方式indirect current control ——间接电流控制indirect DC-DC converter ——间接DC- DC转换器insulated-gate bipolar transistor---IGBT ——绝缘栅双极晶体管intelligent power module---IPM ——智能功率模块integrated gate-commutated thyristor---IGCT ——集成门极换流晶闸管inversion ——逆变latching effect ——擎住效应leakage inductance ——漏感light triggered thyristo---LTT ——光控晶闸管line commutation ——电网换流load commutation ——负载换流loop current ——环流。
电子电气专业外文翻译--变压器
外文原文：TRANSFORMERTransformers come in many sizes. Some power transformers are as big as a house. Electronic transformers, on the other hand, can be as small as a cube of sugar. All transformers have at least one coil. Most have two although they may have many more.The usual purpose of transformers is to change the level of voltage. But sometimes they are used to isolate a load from the power source.TYPES OF TRANSFORMERSStandard power transformers have two coils. These coils are labeled PRIMARY and SECONDARY. The primary coil is the one connected to the source. The secondary is the one connected to the load. There is to no electrical connection between the primary and secondary. The secondary gets its voltage by induction.The only place where you will see a STEP-UP transformer is at the generating station. Typically, electricity is generated at 13,800 volts. It is stepped down to distribution levels, around 15,000 volts. Large substation transformers have cooling fins to keep them from overheating. Other transformers are located near points where the electric power is used.TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTIONThe coils of a transformer are electrically insulated from each other. There is a magnetic link, however. The two coils are wound on the same core. Current in the primary magnetizes the core. This produces a magnetic field in the core. The core field then affects current in both primary and secondary.There are two main designs for cores:1.The CORE type has the core inside the windings.2.The SHELL type has the core outside.Smaller power transformers are usually of the core type. The very large transformers are of the shell type. There is no difference in their operation, however.Coils are wound with copper wire. The resistance is kept as low as possible keep losses low.IDEALIZED TRANSFORMERSTransformers are very efficient. The losses are often less than 3 percent. This allows us to assume that they are perfect in many computations.Perfect means that the wire has no resistance. It also means that there are no power losses in the core.Further, we assume that there is no flux leakage. That is, all of the magnetic flux links all of the turns on each coil.EXCITATION CURRENTTo get an idea of just how small the losses are, we can take a look at the EXCITATION CURRENT. Assume that nothing is connected to the secondary. If you apply rated voltage to the primary, a small current flows. Typically, this excitation current is less than 3 percent of rated current.Excitation current is made up of two part is in phase with the voltage. This is the current that supplies the power lost in the core. Core losses are due to EDDY CURRENTS and HYSTERESIS.Eddy currents circulating in the core result from induction. The core is, after all, a conductor within a changing magnetic field.Hysteresis loss is caused by the energy used in lining up magneticdomains in the core. The alignment goes on continuously, first in one direction, then in the other.The other part of the excitation current magnetizes the core. It is this magnetizing current that supplies the “shuttle power”. Shuttle power stored in the magnetic field and returned to the source twice each cycle. Magnetizing current is quadrature (90 degrees out of phase) with the applied voltage.1. INTRODUCTIONThe high-voltage transmission was need for the case electrical power is to be provided at considerable distance from a generating station. At some point this high voltage must be reduced, because ultimately is must supply a load. The transformer makes it possible for various parts of a power system to operate at different voltage levels. In this paper we discuss power transformer principles and applications.2. TOW-WINDING TRANSFORMERSA transformer in its simplest form consists of two stationary coils coupled by a mutual magnetic flux. The coils are said to be mutually coupled because they link a common flux.In power applications, laminated steel core transformers (to which this paper is restricted) are used. Transformers are efficient because the rotational losses normally associated with rotating machine are absent, so relatively little power is lost when transforming power from one voltage level to another. Typical efficiencies are in the range 92 to 99%, the higher values applying to the larger power transformers.The current flowing in the coil connected to the ac source is called the primary winding or simply the primary. It sets up the flux φ in thecore, which varies periodically both in magnitude and direction. The flux links the second coil, called the secondary winding or simply secondary. The flux is changing; therefore, it induces a voltage in the secondary by electromagnetic induction in accordance with Lenz’s law. Thus the primary receives its power from the source while the secondary supplies this power to the load. This action is known as transformer action.3. TRANSFORMER PRINCIPLESWhen a sinusoidal voltage Vpis applied to the primary with the secondary open-circuited, there will be no energy transfer. Theimpressed voltage causes a small current Iθto flow in the primary winding. This no-load current has two functions: (1) it produces the magnetic flux in the core, which varies sinusoidally between zero and φm, whereφmis the maximum value of the core flux; and (2) it provides a component to account for the hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core. There combined losses are normally referred to as the core losses.The no-load current Iθis usually few percent of the rated full-load current of the transformer (about 2 to 5%). Since at no-load the primary winding acts as a large reactance due to the iron core, the no-load current will lag the primary voltage by nearly 90º. It is readily seenthat the current component Im = Isinθ, called the magnetizing current,is 90º in phase behind the primary voltage VP. It is this component thatsets up the flux in the core; φ is therefore in phase with Im.The second component, Ie =Isinθ, is in phase with the primaryvoltage. It is the current component that supplies the core losses. The phasor sum of these two components represents the no-load current, orI 0 = Im+ IeIt should be noted that the no-load current is distortes andnonsinusoidal. This is the result of the nonlinear behavior of the core material.If it is assumed that there are no other losses in the transformer, the induced voltage In the primary, E p and that in the secondary, E s canbe shown. Since the magnetic flux set up by the primary winding ，there will be an induced EMF E in the secondary winding in accordance with Faraday’s law, namely, E=NΔφ/Δt. This same flux also links the primary itself, inducing in it an EMF, E p . As discussed earlier, theinduced voltage must lag the flux by 90º, therefore, they are 180º out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, E s =V s . The no-load primary current I 0 is small, a few percentof full-load current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and V p is nearly equal to E p . The primary voltage and the resulting flux aresinusoidal; thus the induced quantities E p and E s vary as a sine function.The average value of the induced voltage given byE avg = turns× change in flux in a given time given time which is Faraday’s law applied to a f inite time interval. It followsthatE avg = N21/(2)m f = 4fNφm which N is the number of turns on the winding. Form ac circuit theory, the effective or root-mean-square (rms) voltage for a sine wave is 1.11 times the average voltage; thusE = 4.44fNφmSince the same flux links with the primary and secondary windings, the voltage per turn in each winding is the same. HenceE p = 4.44fN p φmandE s = 4.44fN s φmwhere E p and Es are the number of turn on the primary and secondarywindings, respectively. The ratio of primary to secondary induced voltage is called the transformation ratio. Denoting this ratio by a, it is seen that a = p sE E = p s N N Assume that the output power of a transformer equals its input power, not a bad sumption in practice considering the high efficiencies. What we really are saying is that we are dealing with an ideal transformer; that is, it has no losses. ThusP m = P outorV p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PFwhere PF is the power factor. For the above-stated assumption it means that the power factor on primary and secondary sides are equal; thereforeV p I p = V s I s from which is obtainedp s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information.The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under full-load condition.When the secondary voltage V s is reduced compared to the primaryvoltage, the transformation is said to be a step-down transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a step-up transformer. In a step-down transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a>1.0), while for a step-up transformer it is smaller than unity (a<1.0). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer.As is apparent, it is the magnetic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load.Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedanceis seen which by definition equals V p / I p . From p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a , we have V p = aV s and I p = I s /a.In terms of V s and I s the ratio of V p to I p isp p V I = /s s aV I a = 2s sa V I But V s / I s is the load impedance Z L thus we can say thatZ m (primary) = a 2Z LThis equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a 2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedance-matching applications.4. TRANSFORMERS UNDER LOADThe primary and secondary voltages shown have similar polarities,as indicated by the “dot-making” convention. The dots near the upperends of the windings have the same meaning as in circuit theory; the marked terminals have the same polarity. Thus when a load is connected to the secondary, the instantaneous load current is in the direction shown. In other words, the polarity markings signify that when positive current enters both windings at the marked terminals, the MMFs of the two windings add.Since the secondary voltage depends on the core flux φ, it mustbe clear that the flux should not change appreciably if Esis to remain essentially constant under normal loading conditions. With the loadconnected, a current Iswill flow in the secondary circuit, because theinduced EMF Eswill act as a voltage source. The secondary currentproduces an MMF Ns Isthat creates a flux. This flux has such a directionthat at any instant in time it opposes the main flux that created it in the first place. Of course, this is Lenz’s law in action. Thus the MMFrepresented by Ns Istends to reduce the core flux φ. This means thatthe flux linking the primary winding reduces and consequently the primaryinduced voltage Ep, This reduction in induced voltage causes a greater difference between the impressed voltage and the counter induced EMF, thereby allowing more current to flow in the primary. The fact thatprimary current Ipincreases means that the two conditions stated earlier are fulfilled: (1) the power input increases to match the power output, and (2) the primary MMF increases to offset the tendency of the secondary MMF to reduce the flux.In general, it will be found that the transformer reacts almost instantaneously to keep the resultant core flux essentially constant.Moreover, the core flux φdrops very slightly between n o load and fullload (about 1 to 3%), a necessary condition if Epis to fall sufficientlyto allow an increase in Ip.On the primary side, Ip’ is the current that flows in the primaryto balance the demagnetizing effect of Is . Its MMF NpIp’ sets up a fluxlinking the primary only. Since the core flux φ0 remains constant. Imust be the same current that energizes the transformer at no load. Theprimary current Ip is therefore the sum of the current Ip’ and I.Because the no-load current is relatively small, it is correct to assume that the primary ampere-turns equal the secondary ampere-turns, since it is under this condition that the core flux is essentially constant. Thus we will assume that Iis negligible, as it is only a small component of the full-load current.When a current flows in the secondary winding, the resulting MMF (Ns Is )creates a separate flux, apart from the flux φ0 produced by I, whichlinks the secondary winding only. This flux does no link with the primary winding and is therefore not a mutual flux.In addition, the load current that flows through the primary winding creates a flux that links with the primary winding only; it is called the primary leakage flux. The secondary- leakage flux gives rise to an induced voltage that is not counter balanced by an equivalent induced voltage in the primary. Similarly, the voltage induced in the primary is not counterbalanced in the secondary winding. Consequently, these two induced voltages behave like voltage drops, generally called leakage reactance voltage drops. Furthermore, each winding has some resistance, which produces a resistive voltage drop. When taken into account, these additional voltage drops would complete the equivalent circuit diagram of a practical transformer. Note that the magnetizing branch is shown in this circuit, which for our purposes will be disregarded. This follows our earlier assumption that the no-load current is assumed negligiblein our calculations. This is further justified in that it is rarelynecessary to predict transformer performance to such accuracies. Sincethe voltage drops are all directly proportional to the load current, it means that at no-load conditions there will be no voltage drops in eitherwinding.The power transformer is a major power system component that permits economical power transmission with high efficiency and lowseries-voltage drops. Since electric power is proportional to theproduct of voltage and current, low current levels (and therefore low I2 losses and low IZ voltage drops) can be maintained for given power Rlevels via high voltages. Power transformers transform ac voltage andcurrent to optimum levels for generation, transmission, distribution,and utilization of electric power.The development in 1885 by William Stanley of a commercially practicaltransformer was what made ac power systems more attractive than dc powersystems. The ac system with a transformer overcame voltage problemsencountered in dc systems with a transformer overcame voltage problemsencountered in dc systems as load levels and transmission distancesincreased. Today’s modern power transformers have nearly 100%efficiency, with ratings up to and beyond 1300 MVA.In this chapter, we review basic transformers theory and developequivalent circuits for practical transformers operating undersinusoidal-steady-state conditions. We look at models of single-phasetwo-winding, three-phase two-winding, and three-phase three-windingtransformers, as well as auto-transformers and regulating transformers.Also, the per-unit system, which simplifies power system analysis byeliminating the ideal transformer winding in transformers equivalentcircuits, is introduced in this chapter and used throughout the remainderof the text.How Electric Utilities Buy Quality When They Buy TransformersBecause transformers are passive devices with few moving parts, it is difficult to evaluate the quality of one over another. But today, when the lifetime cost of transformer losses far exceeds the initial transformer purchase price and a significant percentage of transformer purchases is to replace units that have failed in service, utilities need a mechanism to weigh one manufacturer’s offering against another’s –often well before the transformer is actually built .Power and distribution transformers present entirely different problems to the purchasing engineers charged with evaluating quality. Power transformers are generally custom-built and today they are often very different from any transformers should be evaluated according to a wide range of quality factors, each of which has a different importance or weight, depending on the purchasing utility.In contrast, distribution transformers are purchased in bulk and, provided detailed failure records are kept, the quality can be rather easily determined from computerized statistical programs.LOW LOSSES MEAN HIGH QUALITYOne factor in the engineer’s favor is that high-quality transformers are also low-loss transformers. In a sense, the cost of high quality is automatically paid for in the first few years of transformer life by reduced losses. To this benefit is added the fact that the lifetime of a transformer built today will actually be significantly longer than that of a transformer built only a few years ago.Losses are divided into load and no-load losses and various formulas and/or computer programs are available to evaluate their lifetime impact. When individual utilities plug their cost factors into the formulas, thelifetime impacts they calculate vary widely. For example, the ratio of estimated costs of no-load to load losses can vary by a factor as much as 10 to one. The relative cost of load and no-load losses can also vary from year to year as regulatory pressures push utility management to emphasize different needs.Noise is becoming an increasingly important factor in transformer selection. Again, this factor varies widely from utility to utility. The greatest need for a low-noise transformer is felt by utilities in highly developed areas where substations must be located close to residential neighborhoods.Transformer noise is generated from three sources: (1) the magneto strictive deformation of the core, (2) aerodynamic noise produced by cooling fans, (3) the mechanical and flow noise from the oil-circulating pumps. The radiated core noise, consisting of a 120-Hz tone, is the most difficult to reduce and is also the noise that generates the transformer.Fortunately, improved core-construction techniques and lower-loss core steel both tend to reduction in core noise is needed, it can only be achieved by increasing the cross-sectional area of the core to reduce the flux density. This design change increases the construction cost of the transformer and decreases the core losses. However, a point of diminishing returns is reached at which the cost of increasing core size outweighs the savings in reduced losses.Installation costs are significant because a power transformer must generally be delivered partially disassembled and without oil in the tank. Today, the trend is for the manufacturer to assemble and fill the transformer on site, rather than leave it to the utility. This provides assurance that the transformer is correctly installed and minimizes the cost of lost parts, misunderstanding, etc.Manufacturing facilities provide a key indication of the product quality. Most utilities use plant visits as the first step in their evaluation process. Facility review should include the manufacturer’s quality-assurance program, in-service and test reliability records, contract administration and order support, and technical strength.Coating systems, especially for pad-mount transformers, are becoming increasingly important since the life of the transformer tank may be the limiting factor in transformer life. The problem of evaluating and comparing coating systems on pad-mount transformers from different manufacturers was eliminated with the introduction of ANSI Standard C57.12.28-1988. This is a functional standard that does not dictate to manufacturers now they should coat transformers, but prescribes a series of tests that the coating must withstand to meet the standard. A companion standard, C57.12.31 for poletop transformers, is now under development.Tests prescribed by the standards include: Scratching to bare metal and exposing to salt spray for 1500 hours; cross-hatch scratching to check for adhesion, humidity exposure at 113℃, impact of 160 in.-1b with no paint chipping , oil and ultraviolet resistance, and 3000 cycles of abrasion resistance.In response to this standard, most manufacturers have revamped or rebuilt their painting processes--from surface preparation through application of primers, to finished coating systems. The most advanced painting processes now use electrodeposition methods—either as a dip process or with paint applied as dry power. These processes not only ensure a uniform coating system to every part of the transformer tank out also, because they eliminate traditional solvent-based paints, more easily meet the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.Hard evaluation factors are set down in the purchaser’s technicalspecifications, which form the primary document to ensure that all suppliers’products meet a minimum standard. Technical specifications generally include an evaluation formula for no-load and load losses, price, noise level, and delivery date. Technical assistance during installation, warranty assistance, and the extent of warranty are additional hard evaluation factors.Soft factors do not have a precise monetary value, but also may be important in comparing suppliers’ bids. The [following] list suggests soft factors for buyers to include in a transformer-purchase decision. While they do not have a direct dollar value, it is valuable to assign a fixed dollar value or a percentage of bid value to these factors so that they can be used in comparing suppliers’ bids. A well-written specification places all potential suppliers on an equal footing.SOFT FACTORS THAT SHOULD INFLUENCE CHOICE OF SUPPLIERWide choice of designsComputer-aided design proceduresR&D directed at product improvementParticipation in long-term R&D projects through industry groups Clean-room assembly facilitiesAvailability of spare and replacement partsWide range of field servicesApplication assistance/coordinationOngoing communication with usersTony Hartfield, ABB Power T&D Co., Power Transformer Div., St. Louis, Missouri, says it is important to review technical specifications in detail with prospective suppliers before a request for bids is issued. “We attempt to resolve ambiguous terms such as ‘substantial,’ ‘long-lasting,’ or ‘equal-to,’ and replace them with functionalrequirements that clearly define what must be supplied.“Many times, items are added to a specification to prevent recurrence of past problems. These can be counterproductive, particularly if the technology has advanced to a point where the source of the problem has been eliminated.”GOOD IN-SERVICE RECORDS VITALDistribution transformers are purchased in large quantities under very competitive conditions where a unit-price change of a few cents can affect the choice of supplier. As a result, the most sophisticated programs used to guide purchasing policy are based on statistical records of units in service.One example of a systematic failure-analysis program is that conducted by Wisconsin Public Service Corp. (Electrical World, September 1991, p 73). All transformers purchased by the utility since the mid 1980s and all transformer failures are entered into a computerized record-keeping system. Failure rates and equivalent costs are calculated for each manufacturer on a 4-year rolling window. According to Senior Standards Engineer Michael Radke, the system has substantially reduced failure rates, improved communications with transformer vendors, reduced costs, and reduced outages. The system has even helped some manufacturers to reduce failure rates.Georgia Power Co.’s vendor evaluation program has been in place for about 5 years. This program looks at supplier and product separately, judging each according to pre-established criteria. The scores for each criterion are weighted and the over-all score used to calculate a numerical multiplier, which is applied to initial bid price. David McClure, research manager, quality and support, explains that the program involves four departments: engineering, materials, qualityassurance, and procurement. Each department is responsible for a portion of the evaluation and the results from each are entered into a computer program.The evaluation involves objective and subjective factors. Compliance, for example, can be measured objectively, but customer service must be evaluated subjectively. Even so, reviewers follow a well-defined procedure to determine scores for each factor. This approach ensures that ratings are applied consistently to each vendor.Public Service Co. of Colorado (PSC) uses a numerical multiplier that is applied to the bid price. The multiplier incorporates several factors—including historical failure rate, delivery, and quality. Of these factors, historical failure rate is by far the most important, accounting for more than half of the multiplier penalty. For example, the average multiplier for pole-mounted transformers adds 6.3%, of which failure rate accounts for 4.9%; the average multiplier for single-phase pad-mount transformers adds 5.3%, of which failure rate accounts for 3.6%.Failure rate is calculated using a computer program supplied by General Electric Co., Transformer Business Dept, Hickory, North Carolina. It is based on failures of transformers purchased in the last 10 years. The cost of failure includes the cost of a replacement unit and the costs of changeout and downtime.A delivery penalty is calculated by PSC, based on the difference in weeks between promised and actual delivery dates. Significantly, this penalty is calculated equally for early as for late delivery. Early delivery is considered disruptive. John Ainscough, senior engineer, automation analysis and research, reports that his department is planning to modify this factor to encourage both short lead-times andon-time delivery. Currently, the delivery factor does not incorporate the supplier’s manufacturing cycle time.PSC’ s quality factor is based on the percentage of an order that must be repaired or returned to the manufacturer; the accuracy with which products conform to the original specifications, including losses and impedance; and the number of days required to resolve complaints and warranty claims. Responsiveness to complaints is considered a soft evaluation factor and the number of days needed to resolve a complaint is a way of quantifying this factor. The utility is exploring ways to quantify other soft factors in the evaluation process.According to Ainscough, the rating system in use at PSC seems to be effective for consistently selecting high-quality vendors and screening out those that offer low bids at the expense of product quality.Another software program designed to help purchasers select the best available distribution transformer is a Lotus-compatible worksheet for evaluating distribution transformers offered by ABB Power T&D Co. The worksheet adjusts criteria for reliability, quality, delivery/availability, and support. The lower the value factor, the lower is the effective first cost of the transformer. To the adjusted first cost is added the cost of losses, yielding a life-cycle cost for the transformer.Suggested weightings, based on surveys of utilities, are provided for each critertion, but users can easily modify these criteria in light of their own experience and needs. According to ABB’s Dorman Whitley, this ensures that the worksheet does not favor any one manufacturer. Users can also incorporate soft criteria (such as supplier’s long-term commitment to the industry, or level of investment in R&D).LOSSES INFLUENCE RELIABILITY。
变压器专业词汇英文翻译
变压器常用术语TECHNICAL TERMS COMMONLYUSED FOR TRANSFORMERPART 1 产品名称及类型1.1 电力变压器Power transformer1.2 芯式变压器core type transformer 内铁式变压器core-form transformer1.3 壳式变压器shell-form transformer 外铁式变压器shell-form transformer1.4 密封式变压器sealed transformer1.5 有载调压电力变压器power transformer with OLTC1.6 无载调压电力变压器power transformer with off-circuit tap-changer 1.28 油浸式变压器oil-immersed type transformer1.29 浸难燃油变压器noninflammable medium impregnated transformer1.30 干式变压器dry type transformer1.31 树脂浇注式变压器resin-casting type transformer1.32 H 级绝缘变压器transformer with H class insulation1.33 气体绝缘变压器gas insulated transformer1.34 电炉变压器furnace transformer1.35 整流变压器rectifier transformer1.36 列车牵引变压器traction transformer, locomotive transformer1.7 配电变压器1.8 自耦变压器distribution transformer auto-transformer1.9 联络变压器interconnecting transformer 1.10 升压变压器step-up transformer1.11 降压变压器step-down transformer1.12 增压变压器booster transformer 串联变压器1.13 发电机变压器generator transformer1.14 电站用变压器substation transformer 1.15 交流变压器converter transformer1.16 分裂变压器split-winding type 1.37 矿用变压器mining transformer 1.38 防爆变压器explosion-proof transformer flame-proof transformer 1.39 隔离变压器isolation transformertransformer1.17 厂用变压器power plant transformer 1.18 所用变压器electric substation 1.40 试验变压器testing transformer 1.41 串级式试验变压器cascade testing transformer串联变压器增压变压器灯丝变压器电焊变压器钎焊变压器船用变压器起动自1.421.431.441.451.46transformer1.19 单相变压器1.20 三相变压器1.21 多相变压器single-phase transformerthree-phase transformerpolyphase transformer1.471.48autotransformer起动变压器移动变压器1.491.501.22 单相变压器组成的三相组three-phase banks with separate single-phase transformer 1.51 1.52 1.531.23 三相接地变压器transformerthree-phase earthing1.24 三线圈变压器transformer1.25 两线圈变压器transformer1.26 双线圈变压器transformer1.27 多线圈变压器transformerthree-windingtwo-windingdouble-windingmulti-windingseries transformerbooster transformerfilament transformerwelding transformer brazingtransformer marinetransformer 耦变压器startingstarting transformermovable substation移动式movable type 成套变电站complete substation 全自动保护单相变压器completeself-protected single-phase transformer(CSP)1.54 互感器instrument transformer1.55 测量用互感器measurementcurrent/voltage TR1.56 保护用互感器protectivecurrent/voltage transformer1.57 电流互感器current transformer (CT )1.58 电压互感器voltage transformerpotential transformer(PT)1.59 全绝缘电流互感器fully insulatedcurrent transformer1.60 母线式电流互感器bus-type current transformer1.61 绕线式电流互感器wound primary type current transformer1.62 瓷箱式电流互感器porcelain type current transformer1.63 套管用电流互感器bushing-type current transformer1.64 电容式电流互感器capacitor typecurrent transformer1.65 支持式电流互感器support-type current transformer1.66 倒立式电流互感器reverse type current transformer1.67 塑料浇注式电流互感器cast resin current transformer1.68 钳式电流互感器split-core type current transformer1.69 速饱和电流互感器rapid-saturable current transformer1.70 串级式电流互感器cascade-type current transformer1.71 剩余电流互感器residual current transformer1.72 电容式电压互感器capacitor type voltage transformer1.73 接地电压互感器earthed voltage transformer1.74 不接地电压互感器unearthed voltage transformer1.75 组合式互感器combined instrument transformer1.76 剩余电压互感器residual voltage transformer1.77 移圈调压器moving-coil voltage transformer1.78 动线圈moving winding1.79 自耦调压器autoformer regulator1.80 接触调压器variac1.81 感应调压器induction voltage regulator 1.82 磁饱和调压器magnetic saturationvoltage regulator1.83 电抗器reactor1.84 并联电抗器shunt reactor1.85 串联电抗器series reactor iron core reactor air core reactor concrete(cement) reactor 1.90 三相中性点接地电抗器three-phase neutral reactor1.92 单相中性点接地电抗器single-phase neutral earthing reactor1.93 起动电抗器starting reactor1.94 平衡电抗器smoothing /interphase reactor1.95 调幅电抗器modulation reactor1.96 消弧电抗器arc-suppression reactor1.97 消弧线圈arc-suppression coil1.98 阻波器，阻波线圈wave trap coil1.99 镇流器ballast1.100 密闭式sealed type1.101 包封式enclosed type1.102 户外式outdoor type1.103 户内式indoor type1.104 柱上式pole mounting type1.105 移动式movable type1.106 列车式trailer mounted type1.107 自冷natural cooling (ONAN)1.108 风冷forced-air cooling (ONAF)1.109 强油风冷forced-oil forced-air cooling(ONAF)1.110 强油水冷forced-oil forced-water cooling (ONWF)1.111 强油导向冷却forced-directed oil cooling (OFAN)1.112 强油导向风冷却forced-directed forced-air oil cooling(ODAF)1.113 恒磁通调压constant flux voltage variation(CFVV)1.114 变磁通调压variable flux voltage variation(VFVV)1.115 混合调压combined voltage variation(CbVV)PART2 基础词汇1.86 饱和电抗器1.87 铁心电抗器1.88 空心电抗器1.89 水泥电抗器saturable reactor2.1 千瓦kilowatt(kw) 2.2 兆瓦megawatt(MW) 2.3 京瓦gigawatt(GW) 2.4 千伏kilovolt(kV)symbol of product type of productrated voltage rated power rated current连 接 组 标 号connectionsymbol,impedance voltage rated frequency no-load losseddy-current loss hysteresis loss no-load current exciting current load loss 损 耗 additional losses,杂散损耗 stray losses 总损耗total losses 损耗比 loss ratio 冷却方式type of cooling 介质损耗 dielectric loss 介损角正切值 loss tangent 电压组合 voltage combination 电抗电压 reactance voltage 额定电压比 rated voltage ratio 电阻电压 resistance voltage 电压调整率 voltage regulation 相位差 phase displacement 相位差 zero-sequence impedance short-circuit impedance flux density current density 安匝数 number of ampere-turns轴向漏磁通 axial leakage flux 2.47 径向漏磁通 radial leakage flux2.48 循环电流 circulating current 2.49 热点 hot spot2.50 最热点 hottest spot 2.51 局部过热 local overheat 2.52 有功输出 active output 2.53 满容量分接 fully-power tapping 2.54 额定级电压 rated step voltage 2.55 最大额定电压 maximum rated voltage 2.56最 大 额 定 电 流 maximum ratedthrough-current2.57 绕 组 额 定 电 压 rated voltage of a winding2.58 额定短时电流 rated short time current 2.59 额定短时热电流 rated short thermal current2.60 额 定 连 续 热 电 流 rated continuous current2.61 额定动稳定电流 rated dynamic current 2.62 一次电流 /电压 primary current/voltage 2.63二 次 电 流 / 电 压 secondarycurrent/voltage2.64 实际电流比 actual transformation ratio of a current transformer2.65 实际电压比 actual transformation ratio of a voltage transformer2.66 二 次 极 限 感 应 电 动 势 secondary limiting e.m.f.2.67 互感器的二次回顾路 secondary circuit of CT and PT 2.68 定额 rating2.69 铁心噪声 noise of core 2.70 背境噪声 background noise 2.71 噪声水平 noise level 2.72 声级 sound level2.73 声功率级 sound power level 2.74 声级试验 sound level test2.75 声级测量 sound level measurement 2.76 水平加速度 horizontal acceleration 2.77 垂直加速度 vertical acceleration 2.78 地震 seism, earthquake 2.79 地震烈度 earthquake intensity 2.80 工频 power-frequency 2.81 中频 medium frequency 2.82 高频 high frequency2.5 2.6 千伏安 KVA 兆伏安 MVA 京伏安 GVA千乏 kilovar(kV Ar)兆乏megavar(MV Ar)京乏 gigavar(GV Ar)2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 产品代号产品型号额定电压 额定容量 额定电流 2.18 symbol of connection 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 阻抗电压 额定频率空载损耗 涡流损耗 磁滞损耗 空载电流 激磁电流负载损耗 附加 2.27 supplementary load loss 2.28 2.292.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.372.38 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.432.44 2.452.46校 验 phase displacement 2.40 verification零序阻抗 短路阻抗 磁通密度 电流密度2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 兆伏 megavolt(MV)京电子伏 giga-electron-volt(GEV)natural frequency of vibrationfrequency response harmonicsmeasurement 2.88 绝缘水平insulation level2.89 绝缘强度insulation strength, dielectric strength2.90 主绝缘main insulation2.91 纵绝缘longitudinal insulation2.92 内绝缘internal insulation2.93 外绝缘external insulation2.94 绝缘配合insulation co-ordination2.95 全绝缘uniform insulation2.96 半绝缘non-uniform insulation2.97 降纸绝缘reduced insulation2.98 中心点neutral point2.99 中心点端子neutral terminal2.100 正常绝缘normal insulation2.101 介电常数dielectric constant2.102 油纸绝缘系统oil-paper insulation system2.103 绝缘电阻insulation resistance2.104 绝缘电阻吸收比absorption ratio of insulation resistance2.105 绝缘击穿insulation breakdown2.106 碳化carbonization2.107 爬电距离creepage distance2.108 沿面放电creeping discharge2.109 放电discharge2.110 局部放电partial discharge2.111 局部放电测量measurement of partial discharge2.112 超声定位ultrasonic location, ultrasonic orientation2.113 破坏性放电disruptive discharge2.114 局部放电起始电压partial discharge inception voltage2.115 局部放电终止电压partial discharge extinction voltage2.116 过电压overvoltage short time overvoltage transient overvoltage switchingovervoltage atmosphericovervoltage2.121 额定耐受电压rated withstand voltage2.122 工频耐受电压power-frequency withstand voltage2.123 感应耐压试验induced overvoltage withstand test2.124 温升试验temperature-rise test2.125 温升temperature rise2.126 突发短路试验short-circuit test2.127 动热稳定thermo-dynamic stability2.128 冲击耐压试验impulse voltage withstand test2.129 雷电冲击耐受电压lightning impulsewithstand voltage2.130 操作冲击耐受电压switching impulsewithstand voltage2.131 雷电冲击lightning impulse2.132 全波雷电冲击full wave lightning impulse2.133 截波雷电冲击chopped wave lightning impulse2.134 操作冲击switching impulse2.135 操作冲击波switch surge, switch impulse2.136 伏秒特性voltage-time characteristics 2.137 截断时间time to chopping2.138 波前时间time to crest2.139 视在波前时间virtual front time2.140 半峰值时间time to half value crest2.141 峰值peak value, crest value2.142 有效值root-mean-square value2.143 标么值per unit value2.144 标称值nominal value2.145 电级electrode2.146 电位梯度potential gradient2.147 等电位，等位equipotential2.148 屏蔽shielding2.149 静电屏蔽electrostatic shielding2.150 磁屏蔽magnetic shielding2.151 静电屏electrostatic screen2.152 静电板electrostatic plate2.153 静电环electrostatic ring2.154 电磁感应electro-magnetic induction 2.155 电磁单元electro-magnetic unit2.83 振荡频率2.84 谐振频率2.85 自振频率2.86 频率响应2.87 谐波测量oscillating frequency resonance frequency2.117 短时过电压2.118 瞬时过电压2.119 操作过电压2.120 大气过电压2.156 有效面effective surface2.157 标准大气条件standard atmosphericcondition2.158 视在电荷apparent charge2.159 体积电阻volume resistance2.160 导电率admittance2.161 电导conductance, conductivity2.162 电晕放电corona discharge2.163 闪络flashover2.164 避雷器surge arrestor2.165 避雷器的残压residual voltage of an arrestor2.166 绝缘材料耐温等级temperature class of insulation2.167 互感器额定负荷rated burden of an instrument transformer2.168 准确级次accuracy class2.169 真值true value2.170 允差tolerance2.171 比值误差校验ratio error verification 2.172 电流误差current error2.173 电压误差voltage error2.174 互感器相角差phase displacement of instrument transformer2.175 复合误差composite error2.176 瞬时特性transient characteristic2.177 瞬时误差transient error2.178 额定仪表保安电流rated instrument security current2.179 二次极限感应电势secondary limitinge.m.f2.180 保安因子security factor2.181 额定准确限值的一次电流rated accuracy limit primary current2.182 误差补偿error compensation2.183 额定电压因子rated voltage factor2.184 准确限值因子accuracy limit factor2.185 开断电流switched current2.186 笛卡尔坐标，直角坐标Cartesian coordinate2.187 极坐标polar coordinate2.188 横坐标abscissa2.189 纵坐标ordinate 2.190 X- 轴X-axis2.191 复数complex number2.192 实数部分real component2.193 虚数部分imaginary component2.194 正数positive number2.195 负数negative number2.196 小数decimal2.197 四舍五入round off2.198 分数fraction2.199 分子numerator2.200 分母denominator2.201 假分数improper fraction2.202 钝角obtuse angle2.203 锐角acute angle2.204 补角supplementary angle2.205 余角complement angle2.206 平行parallel2.207 垂直perpendicular2.208 乘方involution2.209 开方evolution, extraction of root2.210 n 的 5 次方5th power of n2.211 幂exponent, exponential2.212 微分，差动differential, differentiate 2.213 积分，集成integral, integrate2.214 成正比proportio nal to2.215 成反比inversely proportional to2.216 概率probability2.217 归纳法inductive method2.218 外推法extrapolation method2.219 插入法interpolation method2.220 最大似然法maximum likelihood method2.221 图解法graphic method2.222 有限元法finite element method2.223 模拟法simulation method2.224 方波回应step response2.225 迭加电荷superimposed charge2.226 杂散电容stray capacitance2.227 无损探伤non-distractive flaw detection2.228 红外线扫描infrared scanning2.229 计算机辅助设计computer aided design(CAD)2.230 计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing(CAM)2.231 计算机辅助试验computer aidedtest(CAT)2.233 近似于approximate( approx)minute(rpm)2.235 速度velocity2.236 加速度acceleration2.237 重力加速度gravitational acceleration 2.238 引力traction2.240 件数pieces2.242 缩写abbreviation2.243 以下简称为hereinafter referred as xxx2.244 常用单位units commonly used2.245 包括缩写including abbreviations2.246 分米decimeter 厘米centimeter2.247 海里knot2.248 码yard2.249 磅pound(1b) 磅/平方英寸pound per square inch(ppsi)2.251 英制热量单位British thermal unit (BTU) 2.252 马力horsepower2.253 压强intensity of pressure2.254 帕斯卡Pascal(Pa)2.255 千帕kpa 兆帕Mpa2.256 粘度viscosity2.257 帕斯卡秒pascal.second2.258 泊poise 厘泊centipoises2.259 焦耳joule(J) 千瓦时kilowatt-hour(kwh)2.260 特斯拉tesla(T) 高斯gaue(Gs)2.261 奥斯特oersted(0e) 库仑coulomb(C) 2.262 微微库Pico-coulomb(PC)2.263 达因dyne2.264 摄氏度Celsius, centigrade( C)2.265 开尔文Kelvin 法拉farad(F)2.266 皮可法拉pico-farad(pF)2.268 立方分米cubic decimeter立方厘米cubic centimeter2.269 桶barrel 石油petroleum2.270 标准国际单位制standard international unit2.271 厘米-克秒单位制CGS unit 2.272 环境设备ambience apparatus2.273 校验calibration2.274 兼容性compatibility2.275 扩散系数diffusion coefficient2.276 故障fault2.277 公顷hectarePART3 典型产品结构3.1 芯式，内铁式core type3.2 壳式，外铁式shell type3.3 铁心core3.4 磁路magnetic circuit3.5 线圈winding, coil3.6 高压线圈HV winding3.7 中压线圈MV winding3.8 低压线圈LV winding3.9 调压线圈tapped winding, regulating winding3.10 高压引线high-voltage leads3.11 中压引线mid-voltage leads3.12 低压引线low-voltage leads3.13 夹件clamping frame3.14 上部夹件upper clamping3.15 下部夹件lower clamping3.16 线圈压紧螺栓winding compressing bolt 3.17 线圈压紧装置winding compressing device3.18 线圈端部绝缘end insulation of winding3.19 器身定位装置positioning device for active-part3.20 定位装置fixing device3.21 铁心垫脚foot-plate of core3.22 垫脚foot-pad3.23 分接引线tapping leads, tap leads3.24 引线支架supporting frame for leads3.25 无励磁分接开关non-excitation tap-changer3.26 无载分接开关off-circuit tap-changer3.27 分接选择器tap selector3.28 有载分接开关on-loadtap-changer(OLTC) on-circuit tap-changer3.29 切换开关diverter switch3.30 选择开关selector switch3.31 转换选择器change-over selector2.234 每分钟转数revolution per3.32 粗选择器coarse tap selector3.33 触头组set of contacts3.34 过度触头transition contacts3.35 过度阻抗transition impedance3.36 有载开关操纵机构operating mechanism of OLTC3.37 驱动机构driving mechanism3.38 电动机构motor drive3.39 垂直转动轴vertical driving shaft 水平转动轴horizontal driving shaft3.40 伞尺轮盒bevel gear box3.41 防雨罩drip-proof cap3.42 联轴节coupling3.43 最大分接maximum tapping 最小分接minimum tapping3.44 额定分接rated tapping, principal tapping3.45 固定分接位置数number of inherent tapping positions 工作分接位置数number of service tapping positions3.46 主分接principal tap, main tap 正分接plus tapping 负分接minus tapping3.47 分接变换操作tap-changer operation tap position indicator tapping voltage of atapping current of atapping power of awinding3.52 分接范围tapping range3.53 分接量tapping quantities3.54 分接因子tapping factor3.55 分接工作能力tapping duty3.56 分接线tapping step3.57 分接线tapping connection3.58 分接引线tapping lead3.59 小车支架及滚轮bogie frame and wheel3.61 箱底tank bottom3.62 箱盖tank cover3.63 箱沿tank rim3.64 垫脚垫块supporting block for foot-pad 3.65 联管接头tube connector3.66 联接法兰connecting flange3.67 加强筋，加强板stiffener3.68 油箱垂直加强铁vertical stiffening channel of tank wall3.69 油箱活门oil sampling valve3.70 放油活门oil drainningvalve3.71 冷却器cooler3.72 集中安装concentrated installation 3.73 集中安装强油循环风冷器concentrated installation of forced-oil circulating air cooler3.74 冷却器进口inlet of cooler冷却器出口outlet of cooler3.75 潜油泵oil-submerged pump3.76 油流继电器oil flow relay3.77 净油器oil filter3.78 虹吸净油器oil siphon filter3.79 散热器radiator3.80 片式散热器panel type radiator3.81 管式散热器tubular radiator3.82 放油塞oil draining plug3.83 放气塞air exhausting plug3.84 蝶阀radiator valve butterfly valve3.85 风扇支架supporting frame for fan motors3.86 风扇及电机fan and motor3.87 风扇接线盒connecting box for fan motors3.88 储油柜conservator3.89 油位计oil-level indicator3.90 气体继电器gas relay, buchholz realy 3.91 皮托继电器pitot relay3.92 储油柜联管elbow joint for conservator 3.93 有载开关用储油柜conservator for OLTC3.94 有载开关用气体继电器gas relay for OLTC3.95 联管tube connector3.96 吸湿器dehydrating breather3.97 铭牌rating plate3.98 温度计thermometer3.98 指示仪表柜cabinet panel for indicating instruments3.99 风扇控制柜cabinet panel for fan motor control3.100 压力释放阀pressure-relief valve3.101 安全气道explosion-proof pope3.102 膨胀器expander3.103 主排气导管main gas-conduit3.104 分支导气管branching gas-conduit3.105 滤油界面tube connector for oil-filter 3.106 温度计座thermometer socket3.107 储油柜支架supporting frame for conservator3.108 高压套管HV bushing3.48 分接位置指示器3.49 线圈分接电压winding3.50 线圈分接电流winding3.51 线圈分接容量3.109 高压套管均压球equipotential shielding for HV bushing3.110 高压零相套管HV neutral bushing, HV bushing phase03.111 中压套管MV bushing3.112 中压零相套管MV neutral bushing,MV bushing phase03.113 低压套管LV bushing3.114 接地套管earthing bushing3.115 极性polarity3.116 极化polarization3.117 高压套管储油柜conservator for HV bushing3.118 相间隔板interphase insulating barrier 3.119 吊攀lifting lug3.120 安装轨道installation rail3.121 相序标志牌designation mark of phase sequence3.122 接地螺栓earthing bolt3.123 视察窗inspection hole3.124 手孔handhole3.125 人孔manhole3.126 MR 有载开关MR OLTC3.127 ABB 有载开关ABB OLTC3.128 伊林有载开关ELIN OLTC3.129 F& 套管F&G bushingPART4 铁心结构4.1 多框式铁心multi-frame type core4.2 三相三柱铁心three-phase three-limb core4.3 三相五柱铁心three-phase five-limb core4.4 卷铁心wound core4.5 冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon sheet steel4.6 晶粒crystalline grain4.7 高导磁硅钢片HI-B silicon sheet steel 4.8 铁心片core lamination4.9 一迭铁心 a lamination stock4.10 铁心迭积图lamination drawing, lamination diagram4.11 迭片lamination4.12 迭片系数lamination factor4.13 空间利用系数space factor4.14 层间绝缘layer insulation 4.15 斜接缝mitring4.16 45°斜接缝45° mitred joint4.17 斜接缝的交错排列方式over-lay arrangement for mitred joints of lamination 4.18 重迭overlap4.19 铁心油通oil-duct of core4.20 铁心气道air ventilating duct of core4.21 阶梯接缝stepped lay joint4.22 对接铁心butt jointed core4.23 渐开线铁心evolute core, involute core 4.24 空气隙air gap4.25 铁心拉板tensile plate of core limb, core drawplate4.26 铁心柱core limb, core lge4.27 轭，铁轭yoke4.28 上轭upper yoke下轭lower yoke旁轭side yoke, return yoke4.29 环氧绑扎带epoxy-bonded bandage4.30 轭拉带yoke tensile belt4.31 铁轭拉带banded band of core yoke4.32 上轭顶梁top jointing beam of upper yoke 4.33 侧梁side beam4.34 夹件clamping frame4.35 铁心夹件core clamps, coreframe4.36 铁轭夹件yoke clamping, yoke clamps 4.37 上夹件upper yoke clamping, upper yoke clamps4.38 下夹件lower yoke clampings, lower yoke clamps4.39 夹件腹板web of yoke clamping4.40 夹件肢板limb of yoke clamping4.41 夹件加强stiffening plate of clamping4.42 压线圈的压钉winding compressing bolt4.43 压钉螺母nut for compressing bolt4.44 弹簧压钉compressing bolt with spring 4.45 油缸压钉compressing bolt with hydraulic damper4.46 线圈支撑架winding supporter4.47 线圈支撑架 winding supporting plate 4.48 垫脚 foot pad 4.49 定位孔 positioning hole4.50 带螺母的定位柱 positioning stud 4.51 拉螺杆 tensile rod5.15 部 分 纠 结 式 线 圈 partial-interleaved winding5.16 插花纠结式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding5.17 内 屏 连 续 式 线 圈 4.52 夹件夹紧螺杆 yoke clamping bolt 4.53 铁心接地片 core earthing strip 4.54 铁心地屏 4.55 旁轭地屏 4.56 接地屏蔽 earthing screen of code earthing screen of side yoke earthing shield 4.57 铁心窗高 core window height 4.58 中心距 M center line distance M 4.59 铁心中间距 center distance between lombs 4.60 木垫块 4.61 迭片系数 4.62 铁心的级4.63 心 柱 外 接 圆 core leg 4.64 铁心端面 lamination 4.65 木棒 wood padding block laminationfactor stage of lamination stacks circumscribed circle of innershield-continuous winding5.18 插 入 电 容 式 线 圈 capacitor shield winding5.19 高 串 联 电 容 线 圈 high series capacitance winding5.20 双饼式线圈 twin-disk winding 5.21 交 错 式 线 圈 sandwich winding, staggered winding5.22 螺 旋 式 线 圈 helical winding, helix winding5.23 半螺旋式线圈 semi-helical winding4.66 定位板 PART5 线圈结构5.1 圆筒式线圈 5.2 层式线圈 5.3饼式线圈 core surface perpendicular to wood bar, wood rod positioning plate cylindrical winding5.24 单列 螺 旋式 线圈 single-row helicalwinding5.25 双列 螺旋式 线圈 double-row helicalwinding5.26 三列 螺旋式 线圈 three-row helical5.4 单层圆筒式线圈 winding 5.5 双层圆筒式线圈winding 5.6 多层圆筒式线圈 winding 5.7 大型层式 线圈 winding 5.8 分段圆筒式线圈 5.9 分段多层圆筒线圈layer winding disk winding single layer cylindricaldouble layer cylindrical multi-layer cylindrical large size long layer sectional layer winding sectional multi-layer winding5.27 短螺旋式线圈 short helical winding 5.28 螺旋式线 圈引 出端的 固定 terminal fixing for helical winding 5.29 分裂式线圈 split winding 5.30 分段式线圈 sectional winding 5.31 箔式线圈 foil winding5.32 全 绝 缘 线 圈 uniformly insulated winding5.33 分 级 绝 缘 线 圈 gradedly insulated winding, winding with non-uniform insulation 5.34 第三线圈 tertiary winding 5.35 高压线圈 high-voltage winding 5.36 中 压 线 圈 mid-voltage winding, intermediate voltage windingwinding5.10 连续式线圈 continuous winding 5.11 半 连 续 式 线 圈 semi-continuous 5.37 低压线圈 5.38 调压线圈 windinglow-voltage winding regulating winding,tappedwinding 5.12 纠结式线圈 interleaved winding 5.13 纠结饼式线圈 interleaved disc winding5.14 纠 结 — 连 续 式 线 圈 interleaved-continuous winding5.39 辅助线圈 5.40 平衡线圈 5.41 稳定线圈 5.42 公共线圈 5.43 串联线圈 5.44 连耦线圈 auxiliary winding balance winding stabilizing winding common winding series winding coupling winding5.45 励磁线圈 exciting winding, energizing winding5.46 一次线圈 primary winding 5.47 二次线圈 secondary winding 5.48 左绕 left-wound 5.49 右绕 right-wound 5.50 星形联结 star connection 5.51 三角形联结 delta connection 5.52 曲折形联结 zigzag connection 5.53 T 形联结 scott connection5.54 开口三角形联结 open-delta connection 5.55 开口线圈 open winding5.57 线段 winding disk, winding section 5.58 线层 winding layer 5.59 匝绝缘 turn insulation 5.60 层绝缘 layer insulation5.61 段 绝 缘 insulation between disks, section insulation5.62 端绝缘 end insulation 5.63 顶部端环 top support ring 5.64 分接头 tapping terminal 5.65 分接区 tapping zone5.66 段间横垫块 radial spacer between disks 5.67 燕尾垫块 chock 5.68 燕尾撑条 dovetail strip 5.69 垫块的厚度 spacer thickness 5.70 垫块的宽度 spacer width 5.71 撑条 stick, duct strip 5.72 轴向撑条 axial strip 5.73 油道 oil-duct, oil passage 5.74 径向油道 radial oil-duct 5.75 段间油道 oil-duct between disks 5.76 段 间 过 度 联 线 transfer connection between disks5.77 段间换位联线 transposed connection between disksS 弯 S-bend 线圈起始端 initial terminal of winding 线圈终端 轴向深度 径向深度 绝缘纸筒 匝间绝缘 绝缘角环5.86 线匝间垫条 insulating filling strips betweenturns 5.87 分数匝fractional turn 5.88 整数匝integer turn5.89 近似一圈 approximate roll5.90 并绕导线 parallel wound conductors 5.91 多股导线 multi-strand conductors 5.92 电磁线 electro-magnetic conductor 5.93 组合导线 composite conductor 5.94 换 位 导 线 transposed conductor, transposed cable5.95 纸包线 paper wrapped conductor 5.96 纸包导线 covered conductor 5.97 漆包线 enameled conductor 5.98 圆线 round wire5.99 硬 拉 铜 导 线 hard drawn copper conductor5.100 退火导线 annealed conductor 5.101 玻 璃 丝 包 线 glass-fiber covered conductor5.102 纸槽 paper channel 5.103 绑线 binding wire 5.104 绑绳 binding rope 5.105 静电板 electrostatic plate 5.106 静电环 electrostatic ring5.107 端部电容环 capacitive layer end ring 5.108 端 部 电 容 屏 capacitive layer end screen5.109 屏蔽环 shielding ring 5.110 屏蔽线 shielding conductor 5.111 屏蔽角环 shroud petal 5.112 绝缘包扎 insulation wrapping 5.113 线圈总高度 overall height of winding 5.114 铜线高度 copper height of winding 5.115 线圈调整 trimming of winding 5.116 线 圈 浸 漆 varnish impregnation of winding5.117 线圈的换位 transposition of winding 5.118 标准换位 standard transposition 5.119 分组换位 transposition by groups 5.120 线 圈 展 开 图 planiform drawing of winding5.121 线 圈 的 干 燥 与 压 缩 drying and compressing of winding5.122 绝 缘 的 压 缩 收 缩 率 shrinkage of5.78 5.79 5.80 final terminal of winding axial depth radial depth insulating cylinder turn insulation5.815.825.83 5.84insulating angled ring (collar5.85ring)insulation under compression5.123 无氧铜导线deoxygenized copper conductor5.124 铝合金导线aluminum-alloy conductorPART6 油箱结构及附件6.1 钟罩式油箱bell type tank6.2 上节油箱upper part of tank6.3 下节油箱bottom part of tank6.4 箱壁tank wall6.5 带磁屏箱壁tank wall with magnetic shield 6.6 箱底tank bottom6.7 箱盖tank cover6.8 箱沿tank rim6.9 箱沿护框pad frame for tank rim gasket 6.10 边缘垫片rim6.11 加强筋, 加强板stiffener6.12 联管头tube connecting flange6.13 放油活门draining valve6.14 油样活门oil sampling valve6.15 油样活塞oil sampling plug6.16 闸阀gate valve6.17 蝶阀butterfly valve6.18 球阀ball valve6.19 压力释放阀pressure relief valve6.20 安全气道explosion-proof pipe6.21 真空接头connecting flange for evacuation6.22 滤油接头connecting flange for oil filter 6.23 水银温度计pocket for mercury thermometer6.24 铭牌底板base plate of rating plate6.25 手孔handhole6.26 人孔manhole6.27 升高座ascending flanged base turret6.28 吊攀lifting lug6.29 千斤顶支座jacking lug6.30 定位钉positioning pin6.31 盖板cover plate 6.32 临时盖板temporary cover plate6.33 带隔膜储油柜conservator with rubber diaphragm6.34 带胶囊储油柜conservator with rubber bladder6.35 沉淀盒precipitation well6.36 导气管air exhausting pipe6.37 导油管oil conduit6.38 吊环lifting eyebolt6.39 有围栏的梯子ladder with balustrade6.40 适形油箱form-fit tank6.41 呼吸器breather6.42 气体继电器gas relay, buchholz relay6.43 皮托继电器pitot relay6.44 流动继电器flow relay6.45 风冷却器air cooler6.46 水冷却器water cooler6.47 冷却器托架bracket for cooler6.48 冷却器拉杆tensile rod for cooler6.49 潜油泵oil-submerged pump6.50 流量flow quantity6.51 扬程lift6.52 控制箱control box6.53 控制盘control panel6.54 端子箱terminal box6.55 端子排terminal block6.56 风扇接线盒connecting box for fan-motors6.57 金属软管metallic hose6.58 封闭母线联结法兰joint flange for enclosed bus-bar6.59 管式油位指示器tubular oil-level indicator6.60 磁铁式油位指示器magnetic type oil-level indicatorPART7 铁心制造7.1 产品制造manufacturing of products7.2 硅钢片纵剪silicon steel sheet slitting7.3 硅钢片横剪silicon steel sheet cutting tolength7.4 多刀滚剪机multi-disk-cutter slitting machine7.5 纵剪slitting横剪cut-to-length7.6 纵剪生产线slitting line7.7 横剪生产线cut-to-length line7.8 开卷机decoiler7.9 毛刺burr7.10 铁心片预迭pre-stacking of core lamination7.11 铁心迭装core assembly7.12 铁心迭片core lamination7.13 选片pre-selection of lamination7.14 迭片lamination stacking7.15 两片一迭stacked by two-sheet7.16 打(敲)齐knock to even7.17 迭装流转台core assembly tilting platform7.18 不迭上轭core stacking without upper yoke7.19 打铁心用垫块knock block7.20 铁心料盘lamination stocking tray7.21 卷铁心机core winding machine7.22 铁心退火core annealing7.23 铁心中间试验interprocess core test7.24 片的角度偏差angular misalignment of lamination7.25 宽度偏差width deviation7.26 长度偏差length deviation7.27 铁心的垂直度verticality of core7.28 铁心起立tilt the core into vertical position7.29 迭片的定位挡板positioning stopper for core assembly7.30 硅钢片的涂漆varnish coating of silicon steel sheet7.31 片间绝缘试验lamination insulation test7.32 半导体粘带semi-conductive adhesive tape7.33 半干环氧粘带semi-cured epoxy adhesive tape7.34 粘带的固化cure of adhesive tape7.35 夹紧铁心工具clamping tools for core 7.36 铁心柱的夹紧装置tightening device for core leg7.37 铁心翻转台tilting platform of core7.38 螺旋千斤顶screw jack7.39 水平尺level gauge, level instrument7.40 专用套筒搬手special socket spanner 7.41 迭片的工艺孔punching hole on the lamination for manufacturing purpose7.42 迭板导棒guiding bar for core assembly 7.43 力短搬手torque spanner, torque wrench7.44 角度测量平台angular measuring platform7.45 切口防锈漆antirust coating for cutting edges7.46 铁心的油道撑条strips for core oil-ducts7.47 撑条粘结sticking of strips7.48 级间衬纸insulating paper between core stages7.48 冲孔模hole punching die7.49 缺口模notch punching die7.50 皮裙leather apron7.51 防护袖protective sleeve7.52 护臂shoulder guard7.53 护腿shin guardPART8 线圈制造8.1 绕线机，卷线机winding machine8.2 卧式绕线机horizontal winding machine 8.3 立式绕线机vertical winding machine8.4 绕盘架bracket for conductor drums, bracket for wire drums8.5 导线盘conductor drum, wire drum8.6 导线拉紧装置conductor tensile device, wire tensile device。
变压器专业中英文词汇
45ºmitred joint 45º斜接缝a complete 成套设备a lamination stack 一叠铁心A-A enlarged A-A放大A-A section A-A剖面abbreviation 缩写abscissa X-axis 横坐标absorbent 吸附剂absorption ratio of insulation resistance 绝缘电阻吸收比acceleration 加速度acceptance inspection 验收检验accessories 附件accuracy 准确度accuracy class 准确级次accuracy limit factor 准确限值因数acetic acid ethylic 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetone extraction of insulating material 绝缘材料丙酮抽出物acetylene 乙炔acid value 酸值acryl 丙烯active aluminium oxide (activated alumine) 活性氧化铝active part assembly 器身装配additional insulation of lead 引线附加绝缘additional loss 附加损耗admittance 导电率air (water) cooler 风（水）冷却品air core reactor 空心电抗器air exhausting pipe 导气管air gap 空气隙alignment 对中心（不对中心）alkyd base lacquer 酚醛漆aluminium-alloy conductor 铝合金导线ambient temperature 环境温度angle 角钢（槽钢）angular contact ball bearing 向心止推滚珠轴承annealed conductor 退火导线annex (appendix) to the contract 合同附件annular gear 内齿轮anticoagulent 抗凝剂anti-corna coating 防叠层anti-dust washer 防尘垫圈anti-magnetic steel (low-temperature steel) 抗磁钢（低温钢）antioxidant 抗氧化剂antirust primer 防锈底漆apparent charge 视在电荷approximate 近似于arc-suppression reactor 消弧电抗器argon protected welding 氩弧焊ascending flanged base 升高座assignment for technical design 技术任务书atmospheric over voltage 大气过电压autographic recording instrument 自动记录仪表automatic assembly scaffold 自动升降装配架automatic lathe 自动车床automatic submerged-arc wilding 埋弧自动焊autotransformer 自耦变压器autotransformer regulator 自耦调压器auxiliary winding 辅助线圈availability 可用性axial (radial) leakage flux 轴向（径向）漏磁通axial strip 轴向撑条aximum (minimum) tapping 最大最小分接mbacking off lathe 铲背车床bakelite coated insulating paper 上胶绝缘纸bakelized paper board(cpoxy resin glass-fibre) 胶纸板（环氧玻璃布板）balance reactor 平衡电抗器ballast 镇流器band saw 带锯床band spring 板弹簧banding wire (rope) 绑线（绳）barrel (petroleum) 桶（石油）base plate of rating plate 铭牌底板basic parts 基础件B-B tuned by B-B转beaker 烧杯beaker flask 坩埚beaker flask 锥形瓶bearing 轴承bell type tank 钟罩式油箱bench drill 台钻bending die for steel tube 钢管压弯模bending press 折板机bending press (brake) 折板机（液压）bevel gear 伞齿轮block diagram 方框图blue print 蓝图booster (pump) 增压泵booster tran- 增压变压器boring machine 镗床bracket (tensile rod) for cooler 冷却品托架braided wire 辫子线brake 包闸brazing pliers 铜焊钳夹brazing tran- 钎焊变压器brazing transformer 铜焊机breather 呼吸品breboard (fibretube) 碳化纤维纸板（管）fibridge for testing of voltage transformation ratio 变比电桥bright bolt 光螺杆（螺母）bright washer 光垫圈British thermal unit 英制热量单位broaching machine 拉床bulging lathe 旋压车床burden of an instrument transformer 互感器的负荷bushing current tran- 套管用电流互感器bus-type current tran- 母线式电流互感器butt joint core 对接铁心button head cap screw 无头螺杆cable clip 电缆夹cable paper 电缆纸cable through type HV bushing 穿缆式高压套管calendered insulating paper 压延绝缘纸calibration 校准calvanized bolt 镀锌螺栓capacitor compensation device 电容补偿装置capacitor shield winding 插入电容式线圈capacitor type current tran- 电容式电流互感器capacitor type current tran- 电容式电压互感器capstan and pulley block 绞盘与滑轮组carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Cartesian coordinate 笛卡儿坐标cartridge of oil-filer 油过滤芯子cascade testing transformer 串级式试验变压器case No. 箱号cast resin (resin moulded) transformer 塑料浇注变压器cast resin current tran- 塑料浇注式互感器caterpillar crane 履带吊Celsius(centigrade) , Kelvin 摄氏度, 开尔文center of gravity 重心CGS unit 厘米－克－秒单位制chain block 手拉葫芦check on connection group (polarity) 联结组（极性）校验chevron gear 人字齿轮chopped wave lighting impulse 截波雷电冲击chopping device 截断装置chromatography 气相色谱分析circular (internal)grinder 外圆（内圆）磨床circularity (ellipticity) 圆度（椭圆度）circumscribed circle of core leg 芯柱外接圆clamping ring for porcelain casing 瓷箱压圈clear away burrs 去毛刺clear away welding flux 消除焊药皮clear away welding splashes 消除焊渣飞溅co2 protected welding CO2保护焊coach bolt 方头螺拴coated with two layers of primer 涂两遍底漆coiled spring 盘簧cold bending machine for profiles 形材冷弯机cold pressing pliers 冷压焊钳cold rolled grain oriented silicon sheet steel 冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片colloidal contamination of oil 油的胶体污染colorimeter 比色计coloured kerosene leakage test 火油着色试漏combined instrument tran- 组合式互感器combined voltage variation 混合调压commissioning test 投运试验complement angle 余角complete self-protected single-phase tran- 全自动保护单相变压器complete substation 成套变电站complex number 复数component (assembly) parts 部件composite conductor 复合导线composite error 复合误差compressing bolt with spring (hydraulic damper) 弹簧压钉（油缸压钉）computer aided design and manufacturing 计算机辅助设计computer aided test 计算机辅助实验concrete (cement) reactor 水泥电抗器condenser paper 电容器纸conductance , conductivity 电导conformity 合格connecting box for fan-motors 风扇接线盒connecting flange for evacuation (for oil filter) 真空接头（滤油接头）conservator with rubber diaphrage(bladder) 带隔膜储油柜consignee 收货人consignor 发货人constant flux voltage variation(C.F.V.V.) 恒磁通调压container transport 集装箱运输contents of drawing (documents) 图样目录continuous winding 连续式线圈control box (panel) 控制箱（盘）control point 控制点conventer transformer 变流变压器copper (aluminium) foil 铜（铝）箔copper (brass , bronze , phosphor bronze) 紫铜（黄铜，青铜，磷铜）copper height of winding 铜线高度copper tape 铜带copper wire screen 铜网core earthing strip 铁芯接地片core lamination 铁心片core limb 铁心柱core surface perpendicular to lamination 铁芯端面core type 芯式cork rubber 软木corona discharge 电晕放电Coulomb 库仑coupling 联轴器cover plate (temporary) 盖板（临时）creepage distance 爬电距离creeping discharge 沿面放电（爬电）critical process 关键工序cross-linked polymer cable 胶联聚合物电缆crown nut 槽顶螺母crucible 蒸发器皿cup head bolt 半圆头螺栓current density 电流密度current tran- 电流互感器current voltage error 电流电压误差cycloidal gear 摆线齿轮cylindarical gear 圆柱齿轮cylindrical insulating barrier of HV bushing 高压套管绝缘护筒decimal 小数deep-throat punching machine 深颈冲床delivery date 发货日期deoxygenized copper conductor 无氧铜导线department 部门design code 标准号design review 设计评审designating plate , illustration plate 标志牌，指示牌designed , checked , approved 设计，校核，审定destination 到站detail list of drawing 零件明细表detail list of purchased parts 外购件明细表dew point measurement 露点测量dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric loss 介质损耗dielectric strength insulation strength 绝缘强度differential , differentiation 微分differential gear 差动齿轮digital display voltmeter 数字电压表directed forced oil circulation cooling 油导向冷却directed forced oil circulation forced air cooling 油导向吹风冷却disk saw 圆锯床disk winding 饼式线圈（双饼线圈）dismantle of upper yoke 拆除上轭dismantled accessories 拆卸附件dismountable parts 可拆卸件dispatch list 发货单disruptive discharge 破坏性放电distribution transformer 配电变压器diverter switch 切换开关dler gear 空转齿轮idon’t turn over 不准倒置don’tstack up 不准叠放double column punching machine 龙门冲床double cotton covered enamel cable 双丝包线double housing planer 双柱龙门刨double-action punching machine 双动冲床double-row bearing 双列滚珠轴承draining valve 放油活门drawing No. 图号drill 钻床drilled together with mating parts 与配合件同时钻孔driving mechanism of OLTC 有载开关操作系统dry type transformer 干式变压器drying and compressing of winding 线圈的干燥与压缩drying with hot-air circulation 循环热风干燥duplicates 复制图eads clamping (supporting frame) 引线夹（支架）earthed voltage tran- 接地电压互感器earthing mark 接地标志earthing screen of core (side yuoke) 铁芯地屏（旁轭地屏）earthquake , seism 地震eccentricity (concentricity) 偏心度（同心度）eddy current loss 涡流损耗edge shaping 刨边elastic washer 碟形弹簧electrostatic plate (ring) 静电板（环）electrostatic shielding 静电屏蔽enameled wrapped conductor 漆包线end insulation 端绝缘engaging angle 压力角engaging tooth 啮合齿epoxy-bound bandage 环氧绑扎带error 误差error compensation 误差补偿esiccator 干燥管 dethylene 乙烯evenness 整齐度evolute core 渐开线铁心evolution extraction of root 开方examination and appraisal program 检验鉴定大纲expander 膨胀器explosion-proof pipe 安全气道（防爆筒）exponent , exponential 幂extrapolation method 外推eyebolt 吊环螺丝facing boring lathe 落地镗床Farad , pico-farad 法拉, 皮克法拉faraday cage 法拉第笼farthing bushing (terminal) 接地套管（端子）feasibitilystudy 可行性分析ferrous metal (non-ferrous metal) 黑色金属（有色金属）filament tran- 灯丝变压器final assembly 总装配final inspection 最总检验finalization of design 设计定型finalized revision 定形改版finish (roughness) 表面光洁度(粗糙度)finite element method 有限元法first item inspection 首件试验flame-proof tran- 防爆变压器flash point (congealing point )of oil 油闪点（凝固点）flashover 闪络flask 长颈瓶flat washer 平垫圈flatness 平（不平）度flexible cable 软电缆flexible connecting strip 软接线片floating crane 浮吊flow quantity (m³/min) 流量flow relay 流动继电器fluorescent leakage test 荧光试漏flux density 磁通密度foil winding 箔式线圈foot 呎foot pad 垫脚for unmarked 其余for unmarked edges 其余倒角forced oil air cooling (water cooling) 强油风冷（水冷）forging (die casting) 煅件（压铸件）fork lift 叉车form-fit tank 适形油箱foundation drawing 地基图fraction, numerator, denominator 分数，分子，分母fractional turn (integer turn) 分数匝（整数匝）frequency meter 频率表frequency response 频率响应full thread bolt 全螺纹螺拴full wave lighting impulse 全波雷电冲击furnace transformer 电炉变压器gallon 加仑galvanized 镀锌gas (moisture) content of oil 油中含水量（含气量）gas cutting (automatic gas cutting) 气割gas insulated transformer 气体绝缘变压器gas relay 气体继电器gas separating property of oil 油的吸气性gate (butterfly,ball) valve 闸阀（蝶阀，球阀）gauss 高斯gear 齿轮gear slotting 插齿机general layout 总图general parts 外购件generator transformer 发电机变压器Geneva (spider , universal joint cross) 方向联（十字接头）gentian violet 龙胆紫glass fibre woven tape 玻璃丝带glass-fibre covered conductor 玻璃丝包线gorse power 马力graphic method 图解法gravitational acceleration 重力加速度grinder 磨床grinding to flat after welding 焊后磨平grip nut 夹紧螺母gross weight 毛重hack saw 弓锯床hand hole (manhole) 手孔（人孔）handled with care 小心轻放hard drawn copper conductor 硬拉铜导线hardening 淬火heavy current bushing 大电流套管helical gear , screw gear 斜齿轮helical winding 螺旋式线圈here in after referred as XX 以下简称为XXhexagonal head bolt 六角头螺栓hexagonal socket head bolt 内六角头螺栓high frequency 高频high vacuum period 高真空阶段high voltage 高压示波器high voltage (low, mid-) winding 高压线圈（中压，低压）high-density pressboard 高密度纸板hinge pin 胶联销hoisting crane 起重机horizontal oil-duct 横向油道hot (hottest) spot 热点(最热点)hot dipping 热浸hot-oil circulation 热油循环hot-rolled (cold-rolled) silicon sheet steel 热轧（冷轧）硅钢片hydraulic jacks for winding compression 线圈油压千斤顶hydraulic planer 液压刨床hydraulic pump station 油压泵站Hysteresis loss 磁滞损耗iacquer showering 淋漆（喷漆）ickling 酸洗illustrative drawing 示意图illustrative drawing for winding connection 线圈连接组图illustrative drawing for winding terminals 线圈端子位置示意图imaginary number component 虚数部分impedance voltage 阻抗电压improper fraction 假分数impulse voltage generator 冲击电压发生器inclination 倾斜度inconcentricity 不同心度indication mark 指示标记induced over voltage withstand test 感应耐压试验inductivemethod 归纳法infrared scanner 红外线扫描仪infrared scanning 红外线扫描inhibited (un-) oil 阻化油（非阻化油）initial terminal (final terminal ) of winding 线圈起始端（终）inner connecting stud of HV bushing 高压套管导杆头in-process inspection 工序间试验installation drawing 安装图instruction for technical design 技术设计说明书insulating cylinder 绝缘纸筒insulating filling strips between turns 线匝间垫条insulating level 绝缘水平insulating material (heat-resistant material) 绝缘材料（保温材料）insulating paper (press board) 绝缘纸（纸板）insulation angled ring (collar ring) 绝缘角环insulation assembly 绝缘装配insulation between turns 匝间绝缘insulation breakdown 绝缘击穿insulation diaphragm on the tank wall 箱壁绝缘隔板insulation resistance 绝缘电阻insulation wrapping 绝缘包扎integrate , integration 积分intensity of pressure 压强interconnecting transformer 联络变压器interleaved winding 纠结式线圈interleaved-continuous winding 纠结－连续式线圈internal external insulation 内外绝缘interpolation method 插入法introduction voltage regulator 感应调压器involute gear 渐开线齿轮involution 乘方involve to the fifth power , 5th power of n n的五次方iron core reactor 铁心电抗器iron red epoxy primer 环氧铁红底漆isolation tran- 隔离变压器jig boring machine 坐标镗床joint flange for enclosed bus-bar 封闭母线联接法兰Joule 焦耳kerosene evaporator 煤油蒸发器kerosene recycling pump 煤油回收泵kilometer 公里kilowatt-hour 千瓦时kraft paper 牛皮纸（青壳纸）lacquer of amidoalkyd base 胺基醇酸漆lacquer of nitrocellulose 硝基漆（硝基清漆）lacquer thinner 稀释剂ladder with balustrade 有围栏的梯子lag bolt 水螺丝laminated pressboard 层压纸板lamination drawing diagram 铁心叠积图lamination factor 叠片系数lamination inserting knife 插板刀large size long layer winding 大型层式线圈lathe 车床layer insulation (insulation between disk) 层绝缘（段）layout 刻线lead (tin, silver, zinc) 铅（锡，银，锌）lead insulation wrapping machine 引线绝缘包扎机leakage lest on sealed parts 密封式滤lift 扬程lifting lug (lifting eyebolt) 吊拌（吊环）lifting lug with bearing plate for jacks 吊板与千斤顶支座Liter , cubic decimeter 升, 立方分米load loss 负载损耗loading capacity 装载量local over hot 局部过热locating pin 定位销locking nut 梭螺母locking washer 止退垫圈long-creepage bushing 加强式套管longitudinal insulation 纵绝缘loss tangent 介损角的正切值low carbon steel (alloy steel) 低碳钢（合金钢）low power factor wattmeter 低功率因数瓦特表lug washer 止退线圈machine direction 抄纸方向magnetic flaw detection 磁力探伤magnetic saturation voltage regulator 磁饱和调压器magnetic shielding 磁屏蔽magnetic type oil-level indicator 磁铁式油位指示器main insulation 主绝缘major (minor) diameter of gear 齿轮外（齿底）直径marine tran- 船用变压器market survey 市场调查marshalling yard 铁路编组站mating parts 配合件maximum likelihood method 最大似然法maximum minimum 最大，小measuring flask 量瓶medium frequency 中频memory scope 记忆示波器metallic hose 金属软管metallized paper (crepe paper) 金属化纸（金属化皱纹纸）meter , decimeter , centimeter millimeter 米, 分米, 厘米, 毫米methane, ethane 甲烷（乙烷）mile , knot 英里, 海里miller 铣床mining tran- 矿用变压器modulus 模数moulded insulatingparts 成型绝缘件movable (trailer mounted) type 移动式（列车式）movable oil purificator 移动式净油站movable radial drilling machine 移动式摇臂转床movable substation 移动式变压器moving-coil voltage tran- 移圈调压器multi-point spot welder 多点焊机name 名称natural cooling (air blast cooling) 自然冷却（吹风冷却）natural frequency of vibration 自振频率neutral bushing 中点套管Newton , dyne 牛顿, 达因nikel 镀镍nitrocellulose lacquer 硝基漆niversal miller 万能铣床uno-load current 空载电流no-load loss 空载损耗nominal value 标称值nonconformity 缺陷non-distructive flaw detection 无损探伤noninflammable medium impregnated trans- 浸难燃油变压器normal distribution 正态分布northeast china ash tree 水曲柳n-shaped clips for upper yoke 轭片Ｎ型夹number item 项号number of ampere-turns 安匝数numerical control lathe 数控车床nut locked by punching three points 冲铆三点锁紧螺母nut of compressing bolt 压钉螺母obtuse (acute) number 钝锐角Oersted 奥斯特ogee washer 曲面垫圈oil base (paraffin base ,naphthene base) 油基（石蜡基，环烷基）oil conduit 导油管oil impregnation under vacuum 真空浸油oil sampling valve (plug) 油样活门oil tester 油试验器oil-dehydrating device 油脱水装置oil-duct air ventilating duct of core 铁心油道（气道）oil-immersed air cooling 油浸风冷oil-immersed forced directed oil circulation air cooling 油浸强迫导向风oil-immersed forced oil circulation air cooling 油浸强迫油循环风冷oil-immersed natural cooling 油浸自冷oil-immersed transformer 油浸式变压器oil-proof rubber 抗油橡胶oil-submerged pump 潜油泵on’t uncouple with slipping 不准流放don-load tap-changer (OLTC) 有载开关open side planer 单臂刨床open web girder wagon 落孔车open-delta connection 开口三角连接opening mechanism of autoclave cover 缸开启开油缸operating handle of driving mechanism 操作机构手柄operation instruction of transformer 变压器使用说明书ordinate Y-axis 纵坐标originals (transparent print) 底图oscillating frequency 振荡频率outdoor (indoor, pole mounting)type 户外（户内）式，柱上式over voltage 过电压overall dimension 外形尺寸图overall height of winding 线圈总高度overall hydrocarbon content 总烃含量oversize transport 限速运输oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen 氧（氮，氢）oymide 聚酰胺plpackaged in crate 花板包装packing list 装箱单pad frame for tank rim gasket 箱沿护框pallet 底拖paper channel 纸槽paper moulded insulating part 绝缘成型件paper size 纸型paper wrapped conductor 纸包线parallel 平行parallel wound conductors 并绕导线parallelism 平行度partial discharge 局部放电partial discharge extinction voltage 局部放电终止电压partial discharge inception voltage 局部放电起始电压partial discharge tester 局放测试仪partial-interleaved winding 部分纠结式线圈particle content of oil 油中颗粒数partition 隔板parts 零件parts per million 百万分之一parts subjected to wear 易损件Pascal 帕斯卡, 千帕peak value 峰值peak value voltmeter 峰值电压表per unit value 标值perpendicular 垂直perpendicularity 垂直度pertaining to assembly drawing No. 隶属装配图号phase displacement 相位差phase displacement (instrument transformer) 相角差（互感器）phosphorated 磷化phosphor-copper brazing metal 磷铜焊料pieced together 铆接pilot pin 导销pin 销钉pipe bending machine 弯管机pitch diameter of gear 齿轮节距pitot relay 皮托继电器plain cotton tape 白布带planer type miller 龙门铣床planiform drawing of winding 线圈展开图plasma cutting 等离子切割platinum (g old, antimony, mercury) 铂（金，锑，汞）plywood 层压木板pocket for mercury thermometer 水银温度计座poise , Centpoise 泊, 厘泊polar coordinate 极坐标polyacetal (polyester)resin 聚缩醛（聚脂）树脂polyacrylic resin 聚丙烯酸树脂polyacrylonitrile 聚丙稀酯polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯polychloroprene rubber 氯丁橡胶polymide 聚酰亚胺polyurethane 聚胺酯polyvinyl acelated 聚醋酸乙烯酯polyvinyl acetal 聚乙烯缩醛polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯polyvinyl resin 聚乙烯树脂porcelain casing (instrument transformer) 瓷箱（互感器）porcelain type current tran- 瓷箱式电流互感器port of loading 装货港口positioning pin 定位钉positioning plate 定位板positioning stud 带螺母的定位柱positive negative number 正负数potential gradient 电位梯度pound , pound per square inch 磅, 磅／平方寸power frequency 工频power plant transformer 厂用变压器power transformer 电力变压器power transformer with OLTC (off-circuit tap-changer) 有（无）载调压电力变压器precipitation well 沉淀盒（集污盒）preliminary 初步设计press 压力机pressure relief valve 压力释放阀principle circuit diagram 线路原理图probability 概率product appraisal 产品鉴定proportional (inversely proportional) to 成正比pulp 纸浆punch press 冲压机punch shear 剪断机quality certificate 产品合格证quality control 质量（质量控制）quality guarantee 质量保证体系quality management 质量管理quality policy 质量方针quality rated cost 质量成本quality supervisor 质量监督quantity 数量radial drill 摇臂钻radial spacer between disk 段间横垫块radial strip 径向撑条railway crane 铁路轨道吊railway highway transportation 铁路（公路）运输rated accuracy limit primary current 额定准确极限值的一次电流rated burden of an instrument transformer 额定负荷rated continuous thermal current 额定连续热电流rated current 额定电流rated dynamic current 额定动稳定电流rated instrument security current 额定仪表保安电流rated lighting impulse withstand voltage 额定雷电冲击耐受电压rated power 额定容量rated short thermal current 额定短时热电流rated tapping 额定分接rated voltage 额定电压rated voltage factor 额定电压因数rated voltage ratio 额定电压比rated withstand voltage 额定耐受电压rating plate data 铭牌数据reactance voltage 电抗电压reactor 电抗器real number component 实数部分ream after drilling 钻后绞孔rectifier tran- 整流变压器reduced weft cotton tape 稀纬布带reductor 减速器reference list of customers 产品用户一览表regulating winding 调压线圈reinsertion of upper yoke 插板reliability 可靠性repe paper 皱纹纸（压光皱纹纸）cresidual voltage of an arrestor 避雷器的残压resistance thermometer 电阻温度计resistance voltage 电阻电压resonance frequency 谐振频率reverse 改版reverse type current tran- 倒立式电流互感器revolution per minute 每分钟转数revolving fixture for core clamping fabrication 夹件焊装翻转架ring nut 圆螺母（滚花螺母）rivet 铆钉roller (tapered roller) bearing 滚柱（锥形）轴承rolling direction 轧制方向root-mean-square value 有效值round off 四舍五入routine test 出厂检验routine test report 出厂试验报告rspex (polymethylmethacrylate) 有机玻璃（聚甲醛丙烯酸甲酯）Pe rubber bladder 胶囊rubber cable 橡胶电缆saddle bed lathe 马鞍车床saddle bottomed wagon 凹形车sandwich winding 交错式线圈sandwich-interleaved winding 插花纠结式线圈saturable reactor 饱和电抗器scale 比例schering bridge 西林电桥schnabel wagon 钳夹式车screw 螺旋铣床sealedenclosed type 密闭式，包封式seam welder 缝焊机secondary limiting e.m.f(security factor) 二次极限感应电流（保安因数）secondary terminal box 二次端子箱sectional winding 分段式线圈see XX , vide XX 参见XXselector switch 选择开关semi-conducting coating 半导体涂层semi-conducting paper 半导体纸semi-continuous winding 半连续式线圈serial No. 产品序号series reactor 串联电抗器service condition 使用条件shaper 刨边机shaper 牛头刨床shared parts 借用件shearing 剪切shearing machine 剪板机sheathed cable 铠装电缆shell type 壳式shielded cable 屏蔽电缆shielding 屏蔽shipping dimension drawing 运输图shipping mark 唛头short time over voltage 短时过电压short-circuit test 突发短路试验short-duration power frequency withstand voltage 短时工频耐受电压shot-blast 吹砂（抛丸）shrinkable tape 紧缩带shrinkage of insulation under compression 绝缘的压缩收缩率shunt reactor 并联电抗器side yoke 旁轭signaling thermometer 信号温度计silica gel 硅胶simulation method 模拟法single layer (double, multi-) cylindrical winding 单层（双层，多层）圆筒式线圈single pole correction press 单点液压矫正机single silk cover 单丝漆包线single-lead (multi-lead) cable 单芯（多芯）电缆single-phase transformer 单相变压器single-row 单列螺旋sitioning hole 定位孔poslit nut 开口螺母slotting machine 插床smoothing reactor 平波电抗器soldering 锡焊spare parts 备件special test 特殊试验speed , velocity 速度sphere-gap 球极spiral bevel gear 斜齿伞齿轮spline miller 花键铣床split pin 开口销split winding 分列线圈spot weld 点焊spot welder 点焊机spring 弹簧spur gear 正齿轮square nut 方螺母stage of lamination stacks 铁芯的级stainless steel 不锈钢standard atmosphere condition 标准大气条件standard capacitor 标准电容器standard deviation 标准偏差standard international unit 标准国际单位制standard parts 标准件standard transposition 标准换位standstill after oil-filling 注油后静放star (delta, zigzag) connection 星形连接（三角形，曲折形，T形）starting autotransformer 启动自耦变压器starting reactor 启动电抗器steam heating radiators 蒸汽加热排管steel cable 钢丝绳steel plate surface pre-processing 钢板表面预处理step response 方波响应stepped lap core 阶梯接缝step-up (step-down) transformer 升（降）压变压器stiffening plate of yoke clamping 夹件加强铁straightening 校直straightness 直度stray capacitance 杂散电容stray loss 杂散损耗stud pin 柱螺旋销stud weld 标杆焊stud welder 螺杆焊机substation transformer 电站用变压器summary of trial production 试制总结superimposed charge 叠加电荷supplementary angle 补角surface coating 表漆surface hardening 表面淬火surface lathe 端面车床surface thermometer 表面温度计surfacing lathe 断面车床surge arrestor 避雷器switching over voltage 操作过电压symbol of product 产品代号symmetrical parts 对称件synthetic rubber 合成橡胶table (graph) 图表tack weld 点固焊tank bottom 箱底tank rim 箱沿tank wall (with magnectic shield) 箱壁（带磁屏蔽）tanker 油罐车tapered hole 锥度孔tapered pin 锥销tapping terminal 分接头technical agreement 技术协议technical and economical analysis 技术经济分析technical condition 技术条件technical design 技术设计technical document for product delivery 出厂技术文件temperature class of insulation 绝缘材料的耐温等级tempering 回火tensile plate of core limb 铁心拉板tensile rod 拉螺杆terminal box (block) 端子箱terminus determination of drying process 干燥的终点判断tertiary winding 第三线圈Tesla 特斯拉test tube 试管testing generator set 试验发电机组testing instrument 试验用仪器仪表testing tran- 试验变压器thermoelectric couple 热电偶thermometer with remote indication 远距离温度计thinner 溶剂（稀释剂）thread hobbing machine 滚丝机three-phase banks with separate single-phase tran- 单相变压器组成的三相组合three-phase neutral reactor 三相接地电抗器three-phase tran- 三线圈变压器three-phase transformer 三相变压器through hole 透孔thrust bearing 止推轴承tightening device for winding cylinder 线圈纸筒较紧器time to chopping 截断时间time to crest ,virtual front time 波前时间视在波前时间time to half value of crest 半峰值时间title block of drawing 图纸标题栏tong-type ammeter 钳形电流器top jointing beam of upper yoke (side yoke) 上轭顶梁（侧梁）top loading vacuum drying autoclave 立式真空缸Torr 托total weight of product 产品总重traction (locomotive) tran- 列车牵引变压器trailer 拖车transformer connection between disks 段间过渡联线transformer with H class insulation H级绝缘变压器transformer with split windings 分裂变压器transient characteristics error 暂态特性（误差）transient over voltage 暂态过电压transparent adhesive tape 透明粘带transport weight 运输重transportation dimension size 运输尺寸图transported with nitrogen filling 充氮运输transported with oil filling 充油运输transposed conductor 换位导线transposed connection between disks 段间换位联线transposition by groups 分组换位transposition of windings 线圈的换位trimming of winding 线圈修整truck 卡车tube connecting flange 联管夹tubular oil-level indicator 管式油位指示表turret lathe 大角车床twill cotton tape 斜纹布带twill cotton tape 斜纹布带type test 形式试验type test report 形式试验报告ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤ultrasonic location 超声定位unfolded 展开图uniformly insulated winding 全绝缘式线圈union nut 连接螺母unit weight 单件重量universal tester 万用表upper part (bottom part) of tank 上下节油箱upper yoke clamping (lower) 上夹件（下夹件）uret 滴定管 bvaccum strength test 真空强度试验vacuum drying 真空干燥vacuum drying autoclave 真空干燥缸vacuum drying with vapour phase heating 气相加热真空干燥vacuum oil filling period 真空注油阶段vacuum plant 真空系统vacuum pump(vacuum valve) 真空泵（真空阀，真空计）vapour-phase heating period 气相加热阶段variable flux voltage variation(C.F.V.V.) 变磁通调压variac 接触调压器varnish impregnation of winding 线圈浸漆vertical lathe 立式车床vertical oil-duct 纵向油道viewed from K K向viscosity , Pascal . Second 粘度, 帕斯卡秒volatile content 挥发物含量voltage combination ( of a transformer) 变压器的电压组合voltage divider 分压器voltage regulation 电压调整率voltage tran- 电压互感器voltage/time characteristics of impulse 冲击伏秒特性volume resistance 体积电阻washer 垫圈water resistance 水电阻water(sea) transportation 水路（海路）运输wave trap coil 阻波器web (limb) of yoke clamping 夹件腹板（肢板）weight of active part 器身重量weight of oil 油重welded according to practical condition 配焊welding tran- 电焊变压器welding transposition fixture 焊接变位架winding compression bolt 压线圈的压钉winding d.c. resistance measurement 线圈直流电阻测试winding disk (winding layer) 线段（线层）winding hoisting tool(two-leg ,three-leg) 线圈吊具winding screen (fastening belt of screen) 线圈围屏winding supporting plate 线圈支撑架winding temperature indication 线圈温度指示器winding temperature-rise 线圈温升window height (center line distance M0) 窗口高度（中心距Ｍ0）wing nut , thumb nut 翼形螺母wire (felt) side 网面（毡面）wood bar (padding block) 木棒（木垫块）wood padding block 木垫块working altitude 海拔高度working drawing design 施工图设计worm gear 涡轮wound core 卷铁心yard , inch 码, 吋yoke (upper, lower) 上（下）铁轭yoke clamping bolt 夹件夹紧螺杆yoke tensile belt 轭拉带zero-sequence impedance 零序阻抗欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
变压器专业词汇英文翻译
变压器专业词汇英文翻译Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998变压器常用术语TECHNICAL TERMS COMMONLY USED FOR TRANSFORMER PART 1产品名称及类型电力变压器 Power transformer芯式变压器 core type transformer内铁式变压器 core-form transformer壳式变压器 shell-form transformer外铁式变压器 shell-form transformer密封式变压器 sealed transformer有载调压电力变压器 power transformer with OLTC无载调压电力变压器 power transformer with off-circuit tap-changer 配电变压器 distribution transformer自耦变压器 auto-transformer联络变压器 interconnecting transformer1.10升压变压器 step-up transformer降压变压器 step-down transformer增压变压器 booster transformer串联变压器发电机变压器 generator transformer电站用变压器 substation transformer 交流变压器 converter transformer分裂变压器 split-winding type transformer厂用变压器 power plant transformer 所用变压器 electric substation transformer单相变压器 single-phase transformer 三相变压器 three-phase transformer 多相变压器 polyphase transformer单相变压器组成的三相组 three-phase banks with separate single-phase transformer三相接地变压器 three-phase earthing transformer三线圈变压器 three-winding transformer两线圈变压器 two-winding transformer双线圈变压器 double-winding transformer多线圈变压器 multi-winding transformer油浸式变压器 oil-immersed type transformer浸难燃油变压器 noninflammable medium impregnated transformer干式变压器 dry type transformer树脂浇注式变压器 resin-casting type transformerH级绝缘变压器 transformer with H class insulation气体绝缘变压器 gas insulated transformer电炉变压器 furnace transformer整流变压器 rectifier transformer列车牵引变压器 traction transformer, locomotive transformer矿用变压器 mining transformer防爆变压器 explosion-proof transformer flame-proof transformer 隔离变压器 isolation transformer试验变压器 testing transformer串级式试验变压器 cascade testing transformer串联变压器 series transformer增压变压器 booster transformer灯丝变压器 filament transformer电焊变压器 welding transformer钎焊变压器 brazing transformer船用变压器 marine transformer起动自耦变压器 starting autotransformer起动变压器 starting transformer 移动变压器 movable substation移动式 movable type成套变电站 complete substation全自动保护单相变压器 complete self-protected single-phase transformer(CSP) 互感器 instrument transformer测量用互感器 measurementcurrent/voltage TR保护用互感器 protectivecurrent/voltage transformer电流互感器 current transformer （CT）电压互感器 voltage transformer potential transformer(PT)全绝缘电流互感器 fully insulated current transformer母线式电流互感器 bus-type current transformer绕线式电流互感器 wound primary type current transformer瓷箱式电流互感器 porcelain type current transformer套管用电流互感器 bushing-type current transformer电容式电流互感器 capacitor type current transformer支持式电流互感器 support-type current transformer倒立式电流互感器 reverse type current transformer塑料浇注式电流互感器 cast resin current transformer钳式电流互感器 split-core type current transformer速饱和电流互感器 rapid-saturable current transformer串级式电流互感器 cascade-type current transformer剩余电流互感器 residual current transformer电容式电压互感器 capacitor type voltage transformer接地电压互感器 earthed voltage transformer不接地电压互感器 unearthed voltage transformer组合式互感器 combined instrument transformer剩余电压互感器 residual voltage transformer移圈调压器 moving-coil voltage transformer动线圈 moving winding自耦调压器 autoformer regulator接触调压器 variac感应调压器 induction voltage regulator 磁饱和调压器 magnetic saturation voltage regulator电抗器 reactor并联电抗器 shunt reactor串联电抗器 series reactor饱和电抗器 saturable reactor铁心电抗器 iron core reactor空心电抗器 air core reactor水泥电抗器 concrete(cement) reactor 三相中性点接地电抗器 three-phase neutral reactor单相中性点接地电抗器 single-phase neutral earthing reactor起动电抗器 starting reactor平衡电抗器 smoothing /interphase reactor调幅电抗器 modulation reactor消弧电抗器 arc-suppression reactor 消弧线圈 arc-suppression coil阻波器，阻波线圈 wave trap coil镇流器 ballast密闭式 sealed type包封式 enclosed type户外式 outdoor type户内式 indoor type柱上式 pole mounting type移动式 movable type列车式 trailer mounted type自冷 natural cooling (ONAN)风冷 forced-air cooling (ONAF) 强油风冷 forced-oil forced-air cooling(ONAF)强油水冷 forced-oil forced-water cooling (ONWF)强油导向冷却 forced-directed oil cooling (OFAN)强油导向风冷却 forced-directed forced-air oil cooling(ODAF)恒磁通调压 constant flux voltage variation(CFVV)变磁通调压 variable flux voltage variation(VFVV)混合调压 combined voltage variation(CbVV)PART2 基础词汇千瓦 kilowatt(kw)兆瓦 megawatt(MW)京瓦 gigawatt(GW)千伏 kilovolt(kV)兆伏 megavolt(MV) 京电子伏 giga-electron-volt(GEV) 千伏安 KVA兆伏安 MVA京伏安 GVA千乏 kilovar(kVAr)兆乏 megavar(MVAr)京乏 gigavar(GVAr)产品代号symbol of product产品型号 type of product额定电压 rated voltage额定容量 rated power额定电流 rated current连接组标号 connection symbol, symbol of connection阻抗电压 impedance voltage额定频率 rated frequency空载损耗 no-load loss涡流损耗 eddy-current loss磁滞损耗 hysteresis loss空载电流 no-load current激磁电流 exciting current负载损耗 load loss附加损耗 additional losses, supplementary load loss杂散损耗 stray losses总损耗 total losses损耗比 loss ratio冷却方式 type of cooling介质损耗 dielectric loss介损角正切值 loss tangent电压组合 voltage combination电抗电压 reactance voltage额定电压比 rated voltage ratio电阻电压 resistance voltage电压调整率 voltage regulation相位差 phase displacement相位差校验 phase displacement verification零序阻抗 zero-sequence impedance 短路阻抗 short-circuit impedance 磁通密度 flux density电流密度 current density安匝数 number of ampere-turns轴向漏磁通 axial leakage flux径向漏磁通 radial leakage flux 循环电流 circulating current热点 hot spot最热点 hottest spot局部过热 local overheat有功输出 active output满容量分接 fully-power tapping额定级电压 rated step voltage最大额定电压 maximum rated voltage 最大额定电流 maximum rated through-current绕组额定电压 rated voltage of a winding额定短时电流 rated short time current 额定短时热电流 rated short thermal current额定连续热电流 rated continuous current额定动稳定电流 rated dynamic current 一次电流/电压 primary current/voltage 二次电流/电压 secondarycurrent/voltage实际电流比 actual transformation ratio of a current transformer实际电压比 actual transformation ratio of a voltage transformer二次极限感应电动势互感器的二次回顾路 secondary circuit of CT and PT定额 rating铁心噪声 noise of core背境噪声 background noise噪声水平 noise level声级 sound level声功率级 sound power level声级试验 sound level test声级测量 sound level measurement水平加速度 horizontal acceleration垂直加速度 vertical acceleration地震 seism, earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity工频 power-frequency中频 medium frequency高频 high frequency振荡频率 oscillating frequency谐振频率 resonance frequency自振频率 natural frequency of vibration频率响应 frequency response谐波测量 harmonics measurement 绝缘水平 insulation level绝缘强度 insulation strength, dielectric strength主绝缘 main insulation纵绝缘 longitudinal insulation内绝缘 internal insulation外绝缘 external insulation绝缘配合 insulation co-ordination全绝缘 uniform insulation半绝缘 non-uniform insulation降纸绝缘 reduced insulation中心点 neutral point中心点端子 neutral terminal正常绝缘 normal insulation介电常数 dielectric constant油纸绝缘系统 oil-paper insulation system绝缘电阻 insulation resistance绝缘电阻吸收比 absorption ratio of insulation resistance绝缘击穿 insulation breakdown碳化 carbonization爬电距离 creepage distance沿面放电 creeping discharge放电 discharge局部放电 partial discharge局部放电测量 measurement of partial discharge超声定位 ultrasonic location, ultrasonic orientation破坏性放电 disruptive discharge局部放电起始电压 partial discharge inception voltage局部放电终止电压 partial discharge extinction voltage过电压 overvoltage短时过电压 short time overvoltage瞬时过电压 transient overvoltage操作过电压 switching overvoltage大气过电压 atmospheric overvoltage 额定耐受电压 rated withstand voltage 工频耐受电压 power-frequency withstand voltage感应耐压试验 induced overvoltage withstand test温升试验 temperature-rise test温升 temperature rise突发短路试验 short-circuit test动热稳定 thermo-dynamic stability 冲击耐压试验 impulse voltage withstand test雷电冲击耐受电压 lightning impulse withstand voltage操作冲击耐受电压 switching impulse withstand voltage雷电冲击 lightning impulse全波雷电冲击 full wave lightning impulse截波雷电冲击 chopped wave lightning impulse操作冲击 switching impulse操作冲击波 switch surge, switch impulse伏秒特性 voltage-time characteristics 截断时间 time to chopping波前时间 time to crest视在波前时间 virtual front time半峰值时间 time to half value crest峰值 peak value, crest value有效值 root-mean-square value标么值 per unit value标称值 nominal value电级 electrode电位梯度 potential gradient等电位，等位 equipotential屏蔽 shielding静电屏蔽 electrostatic shielding磁屏蔽 magnetic shielding静电屏 electrostatic screen静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring电磁感应 electro-magnetic induction 电磁单元 electro-magnetic unit有效面 effective surface标准大气条件 standard atmospheric condition视在电荷 apparent charge体积电阻 volume resistance导电率 admittance电导 conductance, conductivity电晕放电 corona discharge闪络 flashover避雷器 surge arrestor避雷器的残压 residual voltage of an arrestor绝缘材料耐温等级 temperature class of insulation 互感器额定负荷 rated burden of an instrument transformer准确级次 accuracy class真值 true value允差 tolerance比值误差校验 ratio error verification 电流误差 current error电压误差 voltage error互感器相角差 phase displacement of instrument transformer复合误差 composite error瞬时特性 transient characteristic瞬时误差 transient error额定仪表保安电流 rated instrument security current二次极限感应电势 secondary limiting 保安因子 security factor额定准确限值的一次电流 rated accuracy limit primary current误差补偿 error compensation额定电压因子 rated voltage factor准确限值因子 accuracy limit factor开断电流 switched current笛卡尔坐标，直角坐标 Cartesian coordinate极坐标 polar coordinate横坐标 abscissa纵坐标 ordinateX-轴 X-axis复数 complex number实数部分 real component虚数部分imaginary component 正数 positive number负数 negative number小数 decimal四舍五入 round off分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator假分数 improper fraction钝角 obtuse angle锐角 acute angle补角 supplementary angle余角 complement angle平行 parallel垂直 perpendicular乘方 involution 开方 evolution, extraction of rootn的5次方 5th power of n幂 exponent, exponential微分，差动 differential, differentiate 积分，集成 integral, integrate成正比proportional to….成反比inversely proportional to…概率 probability归纳法 inductive method外推法 extrapolation method插入法 interpolation method最大似然法 maximum likelihood method图解法 graphic method有限元法 finite element method模拟法 simulation method方波回应 step response迭加电荷 superimposed charge杂散电容 stray capacitance无损探伤 non-distractive flaw detection红外线扫描 infrared scanning计算机辅助设计 computer aided design(CAD)计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing(CAM)计算机辅助试验 computer aidedtest(CAT)近似于 approximate（approx）每分钟转数 revolution per minute(rpm) 速度 velocity加速度 acceleration重力加速度 gravitational acceleration 引力 traction件数 pieces缩写 abbreviation以下简称为 hereinafter referred as xxx 常用单位 units commonly used包括缩写 including abbreviations分米 decimeter 厘米 centimeter海里 knot2.248 码 yard2.249 磅 pound(1b) 磅/平方英寸 pound per square inch(ppsi)英制热量单位 British thermal unit (BTU)马力 horsepower压强 intensity of pressure 帕斯卡 Pascal(Pa)千帕 kpa 兆帕 Mpa粘度 viscosity帕斯卡秒泊 poise 厘泊 centipoises焦耳 joule(J) 千瓦时 kilowatt-hour(kwh)特斯拉 tesla(T) 高斯 gaue(Gs)奥斯特 oersted(0e) 库仑 coulomb(C) 微微库 Pico-coulomb(PC)达因dyne摄氏度 Celsius, centigrade(℃)开尔文 Kelvin 法拉 farad(F)皮可法拉 pico-farad(pF)立方分米 cubic decimeter立方厘米 cubic centimeter桶 barrel 石油 petroleum标准国际单位制 standard international unit厘米-克秒单位制 CGS unit环境设备 ambience apparatus校验 calibration兼容性 compatibility扩散系数 diffusion coefficient故障 fault公顷 hectarePART3 典型产品结构芯式，内铁式 core type壳式，外铁式 shell type铁心 core磁路 magnetic circuit线圈 winding, coil高压线圈 HV winding中压线圈 MV winding低压线圈 LV winding调压线圈 tapped winding, regulating winding高压引线 high-voltage leads中压引线 mid-voltage leads低压引线 low-voltage leads夹件 clamping frame上部夹件 upper clamping下部夹件 lower clamping线圈压紧螺栓winding compressing bolt线圈压紧装置winding compressing device 线圈端部绝缘 end insulation of winding器身定位装置 positioning device for active-part定位装置 fixing device铁心垫脚 foot-plate of core垫脚 foot-pad分接引线 tapping leads, tap leads引线支架 supporting frame for leads 无励磁分接开关 non-excitation tap-changer无载分接开关 off-circuit tap-changer 分接选择器 tap selector有载分接开关 on-load tap-changer(OLTC) on-circuit tap-changer 切换开关 diverter switch选择开关 selector switch转换选择器 change-over selector粗选择器 coarse tap selector触头组 set of contacts过度触头 transition contacts过度阻抗 transition impedance有载开关操纵机构 operating mechanism of OLTC驱动机构 driving mechanism电动机构 motor drive垂直转动轴 vertical driving shaft水平转动轴 horizontal driving shaft 伞尺轮盒 bevel gear box防雨罩 drip-proof cap联轴节 coupling最大分接 maximum tapping最小分接 minimum tapping额定分接 rated tapping, principal tapping固定分接位置数 number of inherent tapping positions工作分接位置数number of service tapping positions主分接 principal tap, main tap正分接 plus tapping负分接 minus tapping分接变换操作 tap-changer operation 分接位置指示器 tap position indicator 线圈分接电压 tapping voltage of a winding线圈分接电流 tapping current of a winding线圈分接容量 tapping power of a winding分接范围 tapping range 分接量 tapping quantities分接因子 tapping factor分接工作能力 tapping duty分接线 tapping step分接线 tapping connection分接引线 tapping lead小车支架及滚轮 bogie frame and wheel箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim垫脚垫块 supporting block for foot-pad 联管接头 tube connector联接法兰 connecting flange加强筋，加强板 stiffener油箱垂直加强铁 vertical stiffening channel of tank wall油箱活门 oil sampling valve放油活门 oil drainningvalve冷却器 cooler集中安装 concentrated installation集中安装强油循环风冷器concentrated installation of forced-oil circulating air cooler冷却器进口 inlet of cooler冷却器出口 outlet of cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump油流继电器 oil flow relay净油器 oil filter虹吸净油器 oil siphon filter散热器 radiator片式散热器 panel type radiator管式散热器 tubular radiator放油塞 oil draining plug放气塞 air exhausting plug蝶阀 radiator valve butterfly valve风扇支架 supporting frame for fan motors风扇及电机 fan and motor风扇接线盒 connecting box for fan motors储油柜 conservator油位计 oil-level indicator气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz realy 皮托继电器 pitot relay储油柜联管 elbow joint for conservator 有载开关用储油柜 conservator for OLTC 有载开关用气体继电器 gas relay for OLTC联管 tube connector吸湿器 dehydrating breather铭牌 rating plate温度计 thermometer指示仪表柜 cabinet panel for indicating instruments风扇控制柜 cabinet panel for fan motor control压力释放阀 pressure-relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pope膨胀器 expander主排气导管 main gas-conduit分支导气管 branching gas-conduit滤油界面 tube connector for oil-filter 温度计座 thermometer socket储油柜支架 supporting frame for conservator高压套管 HV bushing高压套管均压球 equipotential shielding for HV bushing高压零相套管 HV neutral bushing, HV bushing phase0中压套管 MV bushing中压零相套管 MV neutral bushing, MV bushing phase0低压套管 LV bushing接地套管 earthing bushing极性 polarity极化 polarization高压套管储油柜 conservator for HV bushing相间隔板 interphase insulating barrier 吊攀 lifting lug安装轨道 installation rail相序标志牌 designation mark of phase sequence接地螺栓 earthing bolt视察窗 inspection hole手孔 handhole人孔 manholeMR有载开关 MR OLTCABB 有载开关 ABB OLTC伊林有载开关 ELIN OLTC3.129 F&套管 F&G bushingPART4 铁心结构多框式铁心 multi-frame type core 三相三柱铁心 three-phase three-limb core三相五柱铁心 three-phase five-limb core卷铁心 wound core冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片 cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon sheet steel晶粒 crystalline grain高导磁硅钢片 HI-B silicon sheet steel 铁心片 core lamination一迭铁心 a lamination stock铁心迭积图 lamination drawing, lamination diagram迭片 lamination迭片系数 lamination factor空间利用系数 space factor层间绝缘 layer insulation斜接缝 mitring45°斜接缝45°mitred joint斜接缝的交错排列方式 over-lay arrangement for mitred joints of lamination重迭 overlap铁心油通 oil-duct of core铁心气道 air ventilating duct of core阶梯接缝 stepped lay joint对接铁心 butt jointed core渐开线铁心 evolute core, involute core 空气隙 air gap铁心拉板 tensile plate of core limb, core drawplate铁心柱 core limb, core lge轭，铁轭 yoke上轭 upper yoke下轭 lower yoke旁轭 side yoke, return yoke环氧绑扎带 epoxy-bonded bandage轭拉带 yoke tensile belt铁轭拉带 banded band of core yoke上轭顶梁 top jointing beam of upper yoke侧梁 side beam夹件 clamping frame铁心夹件 core clamps, coreframe铁轭夹件 yoke clamping, yoke clamps 上夹件 upper yoke clamping, upper yoke clamps下夹件 lower yoke clampings, lower yoke clamps 夹件腹板 web of yoke clamping夹件肢板 limb of yoke clamping夹件加强 stiffening plate of clamping 压线圈的压钉 winding compressing bolt压钉螺母 nut for compressing bolt弹簧压钉 compressing bolt with spring 油缸压钉 compressing bolt with hydraulic damper线圈支撑架 winding supporter线圈支撑架 winding supporting plate 垫脚 foot pad定位孔 positioning hole带螺母的定位柱 positioning stud拉螺杆 tensile rod夹件夹紧螺杆 yoke clamping bolt铁心接地片 core earthing strip铁心地屏 earthing screen of code旁轭地屏 earthing screen of side yoke 接地屏蔽 earthing shield铁心窗高 core window height中心距M center line distance M铁心中间距 center distance between lombs木垫块 wood padding block迭片系数 lamination factor铁心的级 stage of lamination stacks心柱外接圆 circumscribed circle of core leg铁心端面 core surface perpendicular to lamination木棒 wood bar, wood rod定位板 positioning platePART5 线圈结构圆筒式线圈 cylindrical winding层式线圈 layer winding饼式线圈 disk winding单层圆筒式线圈 single layer cylindrical winding双层圆筒式线圈 double layer cylindrical winding多层圆筒式线圈 multi-layer cylindrical winding大型层式线圈 large size long layer winding分段圆筒式线圈 sectional layer winding分段多层圆筒线圈 sectional multi-layer winding连续式线圈 continuous winding 半连续式线圈 semi-continuous winding纠结式线圈 interleaved winding纠结饼式线圈 interleaved disc winding 纠结—连续式线圈 interleaved-continuous winding部分纠结式线圈 partial-interleaved winding插花纠结式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding内屏连续式线圈 innershield-continuous winding插入电容式线圈 capacitor shield winding高串联电容线圈 high series capacitance winding双饼式线圈 twin-disk winding交错式线圈 sandwich winding, staggered winding螺旋式线圈 helical winding, helix winding半螺旋式线圈 semi-helical winding单列螺旋式线圈 single-row helical winding双列螺旋式线圈 double-row helical winding三列螺旋式线圈 three-row helical winding短螺旋式线圈 short helical winding 螺旋式线圈引出端的固定 terminal fixing for helical winding分裂式线圈 split winding分段式线圈 sectional winding箔式线圈 foil winding全绝缘线圈 uniformly insulated winding分级绝缘线圈 gradedly insulated winding, winding with non-uniform insulation第三线圈 tertiary winding高压线圈 high-voltage winding中压线圈 mid-voltage winding, intermediate voltage winding低压线圈 low-voltage winding调压线圈 regulating winding, tapped winding辅助线圈 auxiliary winding平衡线圈 balance winding稳定线圈 stabilizing winding公共线圈 common winding串联线圈 series winding连耦线圈 coupling winding励磁线圈 exciting winding, energizing winding 一次线圈 primary winding二次线圈 secondary winding左绕 left-wound右绕 right-wound星形联结 star connection三角形联结 delta connection曲折形联结 zigzag connectionT形联结 scott connection开口三角形联结 open-delta connection 开口线圈 open winding线段 winding disk, winding section线层 winding layer匝绝缘 turn insulation层绝缘 layer insulation段绝缘 insulation between disks, section insulation端绝缘 end insulation顶部端环 top support ring分接头 tapping terminal分接区 tapping zone段间横垫块 radial spacer between disks燕尾垫块 chock燕尾撑条 dovetail strip垫块的厚度 spacer thickness垫块的宽度 spacer width撑条 stick, duct strip轴向撑条 axial strip油道 oil-duct, oil passage径向油道 radial oil-duct段间油道 oil-duct between disks段间过度联线 transfer connection between disks段间换位联线 transposed connection between disksS弯 S-bend线圈起始端 initial terminal of winding 线圈终端 final terminal of winding轴向深度 axial depth径向深度 radial depth绝缘纸筒 insulating cylinder匝间绝缘 turn insulation绝缘角环 insulating angled ring (collar ring)线匝间垫条insulating filling strips between turns分数匝fractional turn 整数匝 integer turn近似一圈 approximate roll并绕导线 parallel wound conductors 多股导线 multi-strand conductors电磁线 electro-magnetic conductor组合导线 composite conductor换位导线 transposed conductor, transposed cable纸包线 paper wrapped conductor纸包导线 covered conductor漆包线 enameled conductor圆线 round wire硬拉铜导线 hard drawn copper conductor退火导线 annealed conductor玻璃丝包线 glass-fiber covered conductor纸槽 paper channel绑线 binding wire绑绳 binding rope静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring端部电容环 capacitive layer end ring 端部电容屏 capacitive layer end screen屏蔽环 shielding ring屏蔽线 shielding conductor屏蔽角环 shroud petal绝缘包扎 insulation wrapping线圈总高度 overall height of winding 铜线高度 copper height of winding线圈调整 trimming of winding线圈浸漆 varnish impregnation of winding线圈的换位 transposition of winding 标准换位 standard transposition分组换位 transposition by groups线圈展开图 planiform drawing of winding线圈的干燥与压缩 drying and compressing of winding绝缘的压缩收缩率 shrinkage of insulation under compression无氧铜导线 deoxygenized copper conductor铝合金导线 aluminum-alloy conductor PART6 油箱结构及附件钟罩式油箱 bell type tank上节油箱 upper part of tank下节油箱 bottom part of tank 箱壁 tank wall带磁屏箱壁 tank wall with magnetic shield箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim箱沿护框 pad frame for tank rim gasket 边缘垫片 rim加强筋,加强板 stiffener联管头 tube connecting flange放油活门 draining valve油样活门 oil sampling valve油样活塞 oil sampling plug闸阀 gate valve蝶阀 butterfly valve球阀 ball valve压力释放阀 pressure relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pipe真空接头 connecting flange for evacuation滤油接头 connecting flange for oil filter水银温度计 pocket for mercury thermometer铭牌底板 base plate of rating plate手孔 handhole人孔 manhole6.27 升高座 ascending flanged base turret吊攀 lifting lug千斤顶支座 jacking lug定位钉 positioning pin盖板 cover plate临时盖板 temporary cover plate带隔膜储油柜 conservator with rubber diaphragm带胶囊储油柜 conservator with rubber bladder沉淀盒 precipitation well导气管 air exhausting pipe导油管 oil conduit吊环 lifting eyebolt有围栏的梯子 ladder with balustrade 适形油箱 form-fit tank呼吸器 breather气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz relay 皮托继电器 pitot relay流动继电器 flow relay 风冷却器air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷却器托架 bracket for cooler冷却器拉杆 tensile rod for cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump流量 flow quantity扬程 lift控制箱 control box控制盘 control panel端子箱 terminal box端子排 terminal block风扇接线盒 connecting box for fan-motors金属软管 metallic hose封闭母线联结法兰 joint flange for enclosed bus-bar管式油位指示器 tubular oil-level indicator磁铁式油位指示器 magnetic type oil-level indicatorPART7 铁心制造产品制造 manufacturing of products 硅钢片纵剪 silicon steel sheet slitting 硅钢片横剪 silicon steel sheet cutting to length多刀滚剪机 multi-disk-cutter slitting machine纵剪 slitting横剪 cut-to-length纵剪生产线 slitting line横剪生产线 cut-to-length line开卷机 decoiler毛刺 burr铁心片预迭 pre-stacking of core lamination铁心迭装 core assembly铁心迭片 core lamination选片 pre-selection of lamination迭片 lamination stacking两片一迭 stacked by two-sheet打（敲）齐 knock to even迭装流转台 core assembly tilting platform不迭上轭 core stacking without upper yoke打铁心用垫块 knock block铁心料盘 lamination stocking tray卷铁心机 core winding machine铁心退火 core annealing 铁心中间试验 interprocess core test片的角度偏差 angular misalignment of lamination宽度偏差 width deviation长度偏差 length deviation铁心的垂直度 verticality of core铁心起立 tilt the core into vertical position迭片的定位挡板 positioning stopper for core assembly硅钢片的涂漆 varnish coating of silicon steel sheet片间绝缘试验 lamination insulation test半导体粘带 semi-conductive adhesive tape半干环氧粘带 semi-cured epoxy adhesive tape粘带的固化 cure of adhesive tape夹紧铁心工具 clamping tools for core 铁心柱的夹紧装置 tightening device for core leg铁心翻转台 tilting platform of core螺旋千斤顶 screw jack水平尺 level gauge, level instrument专用套筒搬手 special socket spanner迭片的工艺孔 punching hole on the lamination for manufacturing purpose 迭板导棒 guiding bar for core assembly力短搬手 torque spanner, torque wrench角度测量平台 angular measuring platform切口防锈漆 antirust coating for cutting edges铁心的油道撑条 strips for core oil-ducts撑条粘结 sticking of strips级间衬纸 insulating paper between core stages冲孔模 hole punching die缺口模 notch punching die皮裙 leather apron防护袖 protective sleeve护臂 shoulder guard护腿 shin guardPART8 线圈制造绕线机，卷线机 winding machine卧式绕线机 horizontal winding machine立式绕线机 vertical winding machine 绕盘架 bracket for conductor drums, bracket for wire drums导线盘 conductor drum, wire drum导线拉紧装置 conductor tensile device, wire tensile device导线复绕机 conductor rewind machine 导线矫直机 conductor straightening machine可调节绕线模 adjustable winding drum装配式绕线模 fabricated winding drum 钢板筒绕线模 steel-plate rolled winding drum模子直径 former diameter线圈外径 OD (outside diameter) of winding线圈内径 ID (inside diameter) of winding半径 radius木撑条 wood supporting strips绝缘撑条 insulating strips撑条号 number of the strip, number of chock line正段线饼 normally wound disks反段线饼 reversely wound disks临时段线饼 temporarily wound disksS型弯 crossover匝数器 winding-turn recorder线圈的导线 winding conductor线圈内部的导线焊接 welding of conductors within the winding碰焊 butt welding焊接导线用的碰焊机 butt welder for conductor joint铜焊 brazing welding铜电焊 electric brazing脚控点焊机 foot-operated spot welder 附加绝缘 additional insulation出头固定 winding terminal fixing出头锁紧 winding terminal fastening 打圈出头 terminal end out by looping 拿弯工具 bending tool线圈夹具 clamping tool for winding 线圈翻转架 tilting frame for winding 扁嘴钳 flat nosed pliers8.39 克丝钳 wire-cutting pliers钳锤 plummet恒压干燥 drying under constant compression线圈压板 winding compression plates 拉紧螺杆 tensile screw rod弹簧压梁 spring compression木垫块 wood padding block铝垫块 aluminum padding block线圈的稳定处理 isostatic treatment of winding股间绝缘试验 insulation test between strands导线包纸 insulation wrapping of conductor纸带盘 paper tape reels包纸机 wrapping machine立式包纸机 vertical paper wrapping machine卧式包纸机 horizontal paper wrapping machine恒湿箱 humidistat裁纸机 paper slitting machine螺旋柱形弹簧 helical spring碟形弹簧，盘形弹簧 Belleville spring washer皱纹纸带 crepe paper tape金属编织带 metal wire woven tape线圈干燥后的整理 trimming of winding after drying卧式真空干燥罐 side-loading vacuum drying autoclave立式真空干燥罐 top-loading vacuum drying autoclave线圈油压机 hydraulic press for winding多根撑条铣切机 muli-strip milling cutter线圈的传递及保管 conveyance and storage of windingPART 9 油箱制造钢板表面预处理 steel plate surface pre-processing划线 layout园形样板 circular template剪切 shearing刨边 edge shaping气割 gas cutting自动气割 automatic gas cutting等离子切割 plasma cutting切割机 cutting machine多用切割机 universal cutting machine 气焊把 welding torch, welding blowpipe割咀 cutting nozzle焊咀 welding nozzle 焊条 welding rod焊剂 welding paste, welding flux焊接桌 welding bench焊接用保护镜 welding goggles瓶推车 cylinder trpolley折板机 bending press, bending braks 液压折板机 hydraulic bending press, hydraulic bending brake交流电弧焊 alternation arc welding自动电焊 automatic electric arc welding埋弧自动焊 automatic submerged-arc weldingCO保护焊 CO protected welding氩弧焊 argon protected welding惰性气体供应 inert-gas supply, shielding-gas supply惰性气体焊枪 inert-gas torch for inert-gas welding乙炔焊 acetylene乙炔瓶 acetylene cylinder乙炔气界面 gas connection, acetylene connection瓦斯控制 gas control, acetylene control 瓦斯管 gas hose氧气瓶 oxygen cylinder氧气界面 oxygen connection氧气管 oxygen hose氧化 oxidation高压压力表 high-pressure manometer 低压压力表 low-pressure manometer 水箱 water hank原子氢焊 atomic hydrogen arc welding 电焊工 arc welder, welder容器焊工 boilermaker电焊面罩 arc welding helmet五把手套 five-fingered welding glove 焊把臂 electrode arm焊条把 electrode holder电焊条压力缸 electrode-pressure cylinder电焊条 filler rod填充物 filler角焊 fillet测厚仪 fillet gauge, , weld gauge型材冷弯机 cold bending machine for profiles弯管机 pipe bending machine 钢管压弯模 bending die for steel tube 双动冲床 double-action punching machine龙门冲床 double column punching machine单点液压矫正机 single pole correction press移动式摇臂钻床 movable radial drilling machine深喉冲床 deep-throat punching machine夹件焊装翻转架 revolving fixture for core clamping fabrication焊接变位架 welding transposition fixture小转台 small turntable螺杆桩焊机 stud welder点焊机 spot welder缝焊机 seam welder多点焊机 multi-point spot welder端面车床 surface lathe油箱试漏 leakage test for tank油箱强度试验 strength test for tank真空强度试验 vacuum test for tank煤油着色试漏 coloured kerosene leakage test。
变压器专业词汇英文翻译
变压器常用术语TECHNICAL TERMS COMMONLY USED FOR TRANSFORMERPART 1产品名称及类型电力变压器 Power transformer芯式变压器 core type transformer 内铁式变压器 core-form transformer 壳式变压器 shell-form transformer 外铁式变压器 shell-form transformer 密封式变压器 sealed transformer有载调压电力变压器 power transformer with OLTC无载调压电力变压器 power transformer with off-circuit tap-changer配电变压器 distribution transformer自耦变压器 auto-transformer联络变压器interconnecting transformer1.10升压变压器 step-up transformer降压变压器 step-down transformer增压变压器 booster transformer串联变压器发电机变压器 generator transformer电站用变压器 substation transformer交流变压器 converter transformer分裂变压器split-winding type transformer厂用变压器 power plant transformer所用变压器electric substation transformer单相变压器 single-phase transformer 三相变压器 three-phase transformer多相变压器 polyphase transformer单相变压器组成的三相组 three-phase banks with separate single-phase transformer三相接地变压器 three-phase earthing transformer三线圈变压器three-winding transformer两线圈变压器 two-winding transformer 双线圈变压器double-winding transformer多线圈变压器multi-winding transformer油浸式变压器oil-immersed type transformer浸难燃油变压器 noninflammable medium impregnated transformer干式变压器 dry type transformer树脂浇注式变压器 resin-casting type transformerH级绝缘变压器transformer with Hclass insulation气体绝缘变压器gas insulated transformer电炉变压器 furnace transformer整流变压器 rectifier transformer列车牵引变压器 traction transformer, locomotive transformer矿用变压器 mining transformer防爆变压器explosion-proof transformer flame-proof transformer隔离变压器 isolation transformer试验变压器 testing transformer串级式试验变压器cascade testing transformer串联变压器 series transformer增压变压器 booster transformer灯丝变压器 filament transformer电焊变压器 welding transformer钎焊变压器 brazing transformer船用变压器 marine transformer起动自耦变压器starting autotransformer起动变压器 starting transformer移动变压器 movable substation移动式 movable type成套变电站 complete substation全自动保护单相变压器complete self-protected single-phase transformer(CSP)互感器 instrument transformer测量用互感器measurement current/voltage TR保护用互感器protective current/voltage transformer电流互感器 current transformer（CT）电压互感器voltage transformer potential transformer(PT)全绝缘电流互感器fully insulated current transformer母线式电流互感器bus-type current transformer绕线式电流互感器 wound primary type current transformer瓷箱式电流互感器porcelain type current transformer套管用电流互感器 bushing-type current transformer电容式电流互感器capacitor type current transformer支持式电流互感器 support-type current transformer倒立式电流互感器 reverse type current transformer塑料浇注式电流互感器cast resincurrent transformer钳式电流互感器split-core type current transformer速饱和电流互感器rapid-saturable current transformer串级式电流互感器 cascade-type current transformer剩余电流互感器residual current transformer电容式电压互感器capacitor type voltage transformer接地电压互感器earthed voltage transformer不接地电压互感器unearthed voltage transformer组合式互感器combined instrument transformer剩余电压互感器residual voltage transformer移圈调压器moving-coil voltage transformer动线圈 moving winding自耦调压器 autoformer regulator接触调压器 variac感应调压器induction voltage regulator磁饱和调压器magnetic saturation voltage regulator电抗器 reactor并联电抗器 shunt reactor串联电抗器 series reactor饱和电抗器 saturable reactor铁心电抗器 iron core reactor空心电抗器 air core reactor水泥电抗器 concrete(cement) reactor三相中性点接地电抗器three-phase neutral reactor单相中性点接地电抗器single-phase neutral earthing reactor起动电抗器 starting reactor平衡电抗器smoothing /interphase reactor调幅电抗器 modulation reactor消弧电抗器 arc-suppression reactor消弧线圈 arc-suppression coil阻波器，阻波线圈 wave trap coil镇流器 ballast密闭式 sealed type包封式 enclosed type户外式 outdoor type户内式 indoor type柱上式 pole mounting type移动式 movable type列车式 trailer mounted type自冷 natural cooling (ONAN)风冷 forced-air cooling (ONAF)强油风冷forced-oil forced-air cooling(ONAF)强油水冷forced-oil forced-water cooling (ONWF)强油导向冷却forced-directed oil cooling (OFAN)强油导向风冷却forced-directed forced-air oil cooling(ODAF)恒磁通调压constant flux voltage variation(CFVV)变磁通调压variable flux voltage variation(VFVV)混合调压combined voltage variation(CbVV)PART2 基础词汇千瓦 kilowatt(kw)兆瓦 megawatt(MW)京瓦 gigawatt(GW)千伏 kilovolt(kV)兆伏 megavolt(MV)京电子伏 giga-electron-volt(GEV)千伏安 KVA兆伏安 MVA京伏安 GVA千乏 kilovar(kVAr)兆乏 megavar(MVAr)京乏 gigavar(GVAr)产品代号symbol of product产品型号 type of product额定电压 rated voltage额定容量 rated power额定电流 rated current连接组标号 connection symbol, symbol of connection阻抗电压 impedance voltage额定频率 rated frequency空载损耗 no-load loss涡流损耗 eddy-current loss磁滞损耗 hysteresis loss空载电流 no-load current激磁电流 exciting current负载损耗 load loss附加损耗additional losses, supplementary load loss杂散损耗 stray losses总损耗 total losses损耗比 loss ratio冷却方式 type of cooling介质损耗 dielectric loss介损角正切值 loss tangent电压组合 voltage combination电抗电压 reactance voltage额定电压比 rated voltage ratio电阻电压 resistance voltage电压调整率 voltage regulation相位差 phase displacement相位差校验phase displacement verification零序阻抗 zero-sequence impedance短路阻抗 short-circuit impedance磁通密度 flux density电流密度 current density安匝数 number of ampere-turns轴向漏磁通 axial leakage flux径向漏磁通 radial leakage flux循环电流 circulating current热点 hot spot最热点 hottest spot局部过热 local overheat有功输出 active output满容量分接 fully-power tapping额定级电压 rated step voltage最大额定电压 maximum rated voltage最大额定电流maximum rated through-current绕组额定电压rated voltage of a winding额定短时电流 rated short time current 额定短时热电流rated short thermal current额定连续热电流rated continuous current额定动稳定电流 rated dynamic current一次电流/电压 primary current/voltage 二次电流/电压secondary current/voltage实际电流比actual transformation ratio of a current transformer实际电压比actual transformation ratio of a voltage transformer二次极限感应电动势 secondary limiting 互感器的二次回顾路 secondary circuit of CT and PT定额 rating铁心噪声 noise of core背境噪声 background noise噪声水平 noise level声级 sound level声功率级 sound power level声级试验 sound level test声级测量 sound level measurement水平加速度 horizontal acceleration垂直加速度 vertical acceleration地震 seism, earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity工频 power-frequency中频 medium frequency高频 high frequency振荡频率 oscillating frequency谐振频率 resonance frequency自振频率natural frequency of vibration频率响应 frequency response谐波测量 harmonics measurement绝缘水平 insulation level绝缘强度insulation strength, dielectric strength主绝缘 main insulation纵绝缘 longitudinal insulation内绝缘 internal insulation外绝缘 external insulation绝缘配合 insulation co-ordination全绝缘 uniform insulation半绝缘 non-uniform insulation降纸绝缘 reduced insulation中心点 neutral point中心点端子 neutral terminal正常绝缘 normal insulation介电常数 dielectric constant油纸绝缘系统oil-paper insulation system绝缘电阻 insulation resistance绝缘电阻吸收比absorption ratio of insulation resistance绝缘击穿 insulation breakdown碳化 carbonization爬电距离 creepage distance沿面放电 creeping discharge放电 discharge局部放电 partial discharge局部放电测量 measurement of partial discharge超声定位ultrasonic location, ultrasonic orientation破坏性放电 disruptive discharge局部放电起始电压partial discharge inception voltage局部放电终止电压partial discharge extinction voltage过电压 overvoltage短时过电压 short time overvoltage瞬时过电压 transient overvoltage操作过电压 switching overvoltage大气过电压 atmospheric overvoltage额定耐受电压 rated withstand voltage 工频耐受电压power-frequency withstand voltage感应耐压试验induced overvoltage withstand test温升试验 temperature-rise test温升 temperature rise突发短路试验 short-circuit test动热稳定 thermo-dynamic stability冲击耐压试验impulse voltage withstand test雷电冲击耐受电压lightning impulse withstand voltage操作冲击耐受电压switching impulse withstand voltage雷电冲击 lightning impulse全波雷电冲击full wave lightning impulse截波雷电冲击 chopped wave lightning impulse操作冲击 switching impulse操作冲击波switch surge, switch impulse伏秒特性 voltage-time characteristics 截断时间 time to chopping波前时间 time to crest视在波前时间 virtual front time半峰值时间 time to half value crest峰值 peak value, crest value有效值 root-mean-square value标么值 per unit value标称值 nominal value电级 electrode电位梯度 potential gradient等电位，等位 equipotential屏蔽 shielding静电屏蔽 electrostatic shielding磁屏蔽 magnetic shielding静电屏 electrostatic screen静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring电磁感应 electro-magnetic induction电磁单元 electro-magnetic unit有效面 effective surface标准大气条件standard atmospheric condition视在电荷 apparent charge体积电阻 volume resistance导电率 admittance电导 conductance, conductivity电晕放电 corona discharge闪络 flashover避雷器 surge arrestor避雷器的残压 residual voltage of an arrestor绝缘材料耐温等级 temperature class of insulation互感器额定负荷rated burden of an instrument transformer准确级次 accuracy class真值 true value允差 tolerance比值误差校验 ratio error verification 电流误差 current error电压误差 voltage error互感器相角差phase displacement of instrument transformer复合误差 composite error瞬时特性 transient characteristic瞬时误差 transient error额定仪表保安电流rated instrument security current二次极限感应电势 secondary limiting 保安因子 security factor额定准确限值的一次电流 rated accuracy limit primary current误差补偿 error compensation额定电压因子 rated voltage factor准确限值因子 accuracy limit factor开断电流 switched current笛卡尔坐标，直角坐标Cartesian coordinate极坐标 polar coordinate横坐标 abscissa纵坐标 ordinateX-轴 X-axis复数 complex number实数部分 real component虚数部分imaginary component正数 positive number负数 negative number小数 decimal四舍五入 round off分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator假分数 improper fraction钝角 obtuse angle锐角 acute angle补角 supplementary angle余角 complement angle平行 parallel垂直 perpendicular乘方 involution开方 evolution, extraction of rootn的5次方 5th power of n幂 exponent, exponential微分，差动 differential, differentiate 积分，集成 integral, integrate成正比proportional to….成反比inversely proportional to…概率 probability归纳法 inductive method外推法 extrapolation method插入法 interpolation method最大似然法 maximum likelihood method 图解法 graphic method有限元法 finite element method模拟法 simulation method方波回应 step response迭加电荷 superimposed charge杂散电容 stray capacitance无损探伤non-distractive flaw detection红外线扫描 infrared scanning计算机辅助设计computer aided design(CAD)计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing(CAM)计算机辅助试验computer aided test(CAT)近似于 approximate（approx）每分钟转数 revolution per minute(rpm)速度 velocity加速度 acceleration重力加速度 gravitational acceleration 引力 traction件数 pieces缩写 abbreviation以下简称为 hereinafter referred as xxx 常用单位 units commonly used包括缩写 including abbreviations分米 decimeter 厘米 centimeter海里 knot2.248 码 yard2.249 磅 pound(1b) 磅/平方英寸 pound per square inch(ppsi)英制热量单位British thermal unit (BTU)马力 horsepower压强 intensity of pressure帕斯卡 Pascal(Pa)千帕 kpa 兆帕 Mpa粘度 viscosity帕斯卡秒泊 poise 厘泊 centipoises焦耳joule(J) 千瓦时kilowatt-hour(kwh)特斯拉 tesla(T) 高斯 gaue(Gs)奥斯特 oersted(0e) 库仑 coulomb(C)微微库 Pico-coulomb(PC)达因dyne摄氏度 Celsius, centigrade(℃)开尔文 Kelvin 法拉 farad(F)皮可法拉 pico-farad(pF)立方分米 cubic decimeter立方厘米 cubic centimeter桶 barrel 石油 petroleum标准国际单位制 standard international unit厘米-克秒单位制 CGS unit环境设备 ambience apparatus校验 calibration兼容性 compatibility扩散系数 diffusion coefficient故障 fault公顷 hectarePART3 典型产品结构芯式，内铁式 core type壳式，外铁式 shell type铁心 core磁路 magnetic circuit线圈 winding, coil高压线圈 HV winding中压线圈 MV winding低压线圈 LV winding调压线圈 tapped winding, regulating winding高压引线 high-voltage leads中压引线 mid-voltage leads低压引线 low-voltage leads夹件 clamping frame上部夹件 upper clamping下部夹件 lower clamping线圈压紧螺栓winding compressing bolt 线圈压紧装置winding compressing device线圈端部绝缘 end insulation of winding器身定位装置 positioning device for active-part定位装置 fixing device铁心垫脚 foot-plate of core垫脚 foot-pad分接引线 tapping leads, tap leads引线支架 supporting frame for leads无励磁分接开关non-excitation tap-changer无载分接开关 off-circuit tap-changer 分接选择器 tap selector有载分接开关 on-load tap-changer(OLTC) on-circuit tap-changer切换开关 diverter switch选择开关 selector switch转换选择器 change-over selector粗选择器 coarse tap selector触头组 set of contacts过度触头 transition contacts过度阻抗 transition impedance有载开关操纵机构 operating mechanism of OLTC驱动机构 driving mechanism电动机构 motor drive垂直转动轴 vertical driving shaft水平转动轴horizontal driving shaft伞尺轮盒 bevel gear box防雨罩 drip-proof cap联轴节 coupling最大分接 maximum tapping最小分接 minimum tapping额定分接rated tapping, principal tapping固定分接位置数number of inherent tapping positions工作分接位置数number of service tapping positions主分接 principal tap, main tap正分接 plus tapping负分接 minus tapping分接变换操作 tap-changer operation分接位置指示器 tap position indicator 线圈分接电压tapping voltage of a winding线圈分接电流tapping current of a winding线圈分接容量tapping power of a winding分接范围 tapping range分接量 tapping quantities分接因子 tapping factor分接工作能力 tapping duty分接线 tapping step分接线 tapping connection分接引线 tapping lead小车支架及滚轮 bogie frame and wheel 箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim垫脚垫块 supporting block for foot-pad 联管接头 tube connector联接法兰 connecting flange加强筋，加强板 stiffener油箱垂直加强铁vertical stiffening channel of tank wall油箱活门 oil sampling valve放油活门 oil drainningvalve冷却器 cooler集中安装 concentrated installation集中安装强油循环风冷器 concentrated installation of forced-oil circulating air cooler冷却器进口 inlet of cooler冷却器出口 outlet of cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump油流继电器 oil flow relay净油器 oil filter虹吸净油器 oil siphon filter散热器 radiator片式散热器 panel type radiator管式散热器 tubular radiator放油塞 oil draining plug放气塞 air exhausting plug蝶阀 radiator valve butterfly valve 风扇支架supporting frame for fan motors风扇及电机 fan and motor风扇接线盒connecting box for fan motors储油柜 conservator油位计 oil-level indicator气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz realy 皮托继电器 pitot relay储油柜联管 elbow joint for conservator 有载开关用储油柜 conservator for OLTC 有载开关用气体继电器 gas relay for OLTC联管 tube connector吸湿器 dehydrating breather铭牌 rating plate温度计 thermometer指示仪表柜cabinet panel for indicating instruments风扇控制柜 cabinet panel for fan motor control压力释放阀 pressure-relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pope膨胀器 expander主排气导管 main gas-conduit分支导气管 branching gas-conduit滤油界面 tube connector for oil-filter 温度计座 thermometer socket储油柜支架supporting frame for conservator高压套管 HV bushing高压套管均压球equipotential shielding for HV bushing高压零相套管 HV neutral bushing, HV bushing phase0中压套管 MV bushing中压零相套管 MV neutral bushing, MV bushing phase0低压套管 LV bushing接地套管 earthing bushing极性 polarity极化 polarization高压套管储油柜 conservator for HV bushing相间隔板interphase insulating barrier吊攀 lifting lug安装轨道 installation rail相序标志牌 designation mark of phasesequence接地螺栓 earthing bolt视察窗 inspection hole手孔 handhole人孔 manholeMR有载开关 MR OLTCABB 有载开关 ABB OLTC伊林有载开关 ELIN OLTC3.129 F&套管 F&G bushingPART4 铁心结构多框式铁心 multi-frame type core三相三柱铁心 three-phase three-limb core三相五柱铁心three-phase five-limb core卷铁心 wound core冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon sheet steel晶粒 crystalline grain高导磁硅钢片 HI-B silicon sheet steel 铁心片 core lamination一迭铁心 a lamination stock铁心迭积图lamination drawing, lamination diagram迭片 lamination迭片系数 lamination factor空间利用系数 space factor层间绝缘 layer insulation斜接缝 mitring45°斜接缝45°mitred joint斜接缝的交错排列方式over-lay arrangement for mitred joints of lamination重迭 overlap铁心油通 oil-duct of core铁心气道 air ventilating duct of core 阶梯接缝 stepped lay joint对接铁心 butt jointed core渐开线铁心 evolute core, involute core 空气隙 air gap铁心拉板 tensile plate of core limb, core drawplate铁心柱 core limb, core lge轭，铁轭 yoke上轭 upper yoke下轭 lower yoke旁轭 side yoke, return yoke环氧绑扎带 epoxy-bonded bandage轭拉带 yoke tensile belt铁轭拉带 banded band of core yoke上轭顶梁 top jointing beam of upper yoke侧梁 side beam夹件 clamping frame铁心夹件 core clamps, coreframe铁轭夹件 yoke clamping, yoke clamps上夹件 upper yoke clamping, upper yoke clamps下夹件lower yoke clampings, lower yoke clamps夹件腹板 web of yoke clamping夹件肢板 limb of yoke clamping夹件加强 stiffening plate of clamping 压线圈的压钉 winding compressing bolt 压钉螺母 nut for compressing bolt弹簧压钉 compressing bolt with spring 油缸压钉compressing bolt with hydraulic damper线圈支撑架 winding supporter线圈支撑架 winding supporting plate垫脚 foot pad定位孔 positioning hole带螺母的定位柱 positioning stud拉螺杆 tensile rod夹件夹紧螺杆 yoke clamping bolt铁心接地片 core earthing strip铁心地屏 earthing screen of code旁轭地屏 earthing screen of side yoke 接地屏蔽 earthing shield铁心窗高 core window height中心距M center line distance M铁心中间距center distance between lombs木垫块 wood padding block迭片系数 lamination factor铁心的级 stage of lamination stacks心柱外接圆circumscribed circle of core leg铁心端面 core surface perpendicular to lamination木棒 wood bar, wood rod定位板 positioning platePART5 线圈结构圆筒式线圈 cylindrical winding层式线圈 layer winding饼式线圈 disk winding单层圆筒式线圈single layer cylindrical winding双层圆筒式线圈double layer cylindrical winding多层圆筒式线圈multi-layer cylindrical winding大型层式线圈large size long layer winding分段圆筒式线圈sectional layer winding分段多层圆筒线圈sectional multi-layer winding连续式线圈 continuous winding半连续式线圈 semi-continuous winding 纠结式线圈 interleaved winding纠结饼式线圈 interleaved disc winding 纠结—连续式线圈interleaved-continuous winding部分纠结式线圈partial-interleaved winding插花纠结式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding内屏连续式线圈innershield-continuous winding插入电容式线圈capacitor shield winding高串联电容线圈high series capacitance winding双饼式线圈 twin-disk winding交错式线圈sandwich winding, staggered winding螺旋式线圈helical winding, helix winding半螺旋式线圈 semi-helical winding单列螺旋式线圈single-row helical winding双列螺旋式线圈double-row helical winding三列螺旋式线圈three-row helical winding短螺旋式线圈 short helical winding螺旋式线圈引出端的固定terminal fixing for helical winding分裂式线圈 split winding分段式线圈 sectional winding箔式线圈 foil winding全绝缘线圈uniformly insulated winding分级绝缘线圈gradedly insulated winding, winding with non-uniform insulation第三线圈 tertiary winding高压线圈 high-voltage winding中压线圈mid-voltage winding, intermediate voltage winding低压线圈 low-voltage winding调压线圈 regulating winding, tapped winding辅助线圈 auxiliary winding平衡线圈 balance winding稳定线圈 stabilizing winding公共线圈 common winding串联线圈 series winding连耦线圈 coupling winding励磁线圈 exciting winding, energizing winding一次线圈 primary winding二次线圈 secondary winding左绕 left-wound右绕 right-wound星形联结 star connection三角形联结 delta connection曲折形联结 zigzag connectionT形联结 scott connection开口三角形联结 open-delta connection 开口线圈 open winding线段 winding disk, winding section线层 winding layer匝绝缘 turn insulation层绝缘 layer insulation段绝缘insulation between disks, section insulation端绝缘 end insulation顶部端环 top support ring分接头 tapping terminal分接区 tapping zone段间横垫块 radial spacer between disks 燕尾垫块 chock燕尾撑条 dovetail strip垫块的厚度 spacer thickness垫块的宽度 spacer width撑条 stick, duct strip轴向撑条 axial strip油道 oil-duct, oil passage径向油道 radial oil-duct段间油道 oil-duct between disks段间过度联线transfer connection between disks段间换位联线transposed connection between disksS弯 S-bend线圈起始端 initial terminal of winding 线圈终端 final terminal of winding轴向深度 axial depth径向深度 radial depth绝缘纸筒 insulating cylinder匝间绝缘 turn insulation绝缘角环insulating angled ring (collar ring)线匝间垫条insulating filling strips between turns分数匝fractional turn整数匝 integer turn近似一圈 approximate roll并绕导线 parallel wound conductors多股导线 multi-strand conductors电磁线 electro-magnetic conductor组合导线 composite conductor换位导线transposed conductor, transposed cable纸包线 paper wrapped conductor纸包导线 covered conductor漆包线 enameled conductor圆线 round wire硬拉铜导线 hard drawn copper conductor 退火导线 annealed conductor玻璃丝包线glass-fiber covered conductor纸槽 paper channel绑线 binding wire绑绳 binding rope静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring端部电容环 capacitive layer end ring 端部电容屏 capacitive layer end screen 屏蔽环 shielding ring屏蔽线 shielding conductor屏蔽角环 shroud petal绝缘包扎 insulation wrapping线圈总高度 overall height of winding 铜线高度 copper height of winding线圈调整 trimming of winding线圈浸漆varnish impregnation of winding线圈的换位 transposition of winding标准换位 standard transposition分组换位 transposition by groups线圈展开图planiform drawing of winding线圈的干燥与压缩drying and compressing of winding绝缘的压缩收缩率shrinkage of insulation under compression无氧铜导线deoxygenized copper conductor铝合金导线 aluminum-alloy conductor PART6 油箱结构及附件钟罩式油箱 bell type tank上节油箱 upper part of tank下节油箱 bottom part of tank箱壁 tank wall带磁屏箱壁tank wall with magnetic shield箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim箱沿护框 pad frame for tank rim gasket 边缘垫片 rim加强筋,加强板 stiffener联管头 tube connecting flange放油活门 draining valve油样活门 oil sampling valve油样活塞 oil sampling plug闸阀 gate valve蝶阀 butterfly valve球阀 ball valve压力释放阀 pressure relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pipe真空接头connecting flange for evacuation滤油接头connecting flange for oil filter水银温度计pocket for mercury thermometer铭牌底板 base plate of rating plate手孔 handhole人孔 manhole6.27 升高座ascending flanged base turret吊攀 lifting lug千斤顶支座 jacking lug定位钉 positioning pin盖板 cover plate临时盖板 temporary cover plate带隔膜储油柜 conservator with rubber diaphragm带胶囊储油柜 conservator with rubber bladder沉淀盒 precipitation well导气管 air exhausting pipe导油管 oil conduit吊环 lifting eyebolt有围栏的梯子 ladder with balustrade适形油箱 form-fit tank呼吸器 breather气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz relay 皮托继电器 pitot relay流动继电器 flow relay风冷却器air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷却器托架 bracket for cooler冷却器拉杆 tensile rod for cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump流量 flow quantity扬程 lift控制箱 control box控制盘 control panel端子箱 terminal box端子排 terminal block风扇接线盒connecting box for fan-motors金属软管 metallic hose封闭母线联结法兰joint flange for enclosed bus-bar管式油位指示器tubular oil-level indicator磁铁式油位指示器magnetic type oil-level indicatorPART7 铁心制造产品制造 manufacturing of products硅钢片纵剪silicon steel sheet slitting硅钢片横剪 silicon steel sheet cutting to length多刀滚剪机 multi-disk-cutter slitting machine纵剪 slitting横剪 cut-to-length纵剪生产线 slitting line横剪生产线 cut-to-length line开卷机 decoiler毛刺 burr铁心片预迭pre-stacking of core lamination铁心迭装 core assembly铁心迭片 core lamination选片 pre-selection of lamination迭片 lamination stacking两片一迭 stacked by two-sheet打（敲）齐 knock to even迭装流转台core assembly tilting platform不迭上轭 core stacking without upper yoke打铁心用垫块 knock block铁心料盘 lamination stocking tray卷铁心机 core winding machine铁心退火 core annealing铁心中间试验 interprocess core test片的角度偏差 angular misalignment of lamination宽度偏差 width deviation长度偏差 length deviation铁心的垂直度 verticality of core铁心起立 tilt the core into vertical position迭片的定位挡板positioning stopper for core assembly硅钢片的涂漆varnish coating of silicon steel sheet片间绝缘试验lamination insulation test半导体粘带 semi-conductive adhesive tape半干环氧粘带semi-cured epoxy adhesive tape粘带的固化 cure of adhesive tape夹紧铁心工具 clamping tools for core 铁心柱的夹紧装置tightening device for core leg铁心翻转台 tilting platform of core螺旋千斤顶 screw jack水平尺 level gauge, level instrument 专用套筒搬手 special socket spanner迭片的工艺孔punching hole on the lamination for manufacturing purpose迭板导棒 guiding bar for core assembly 力短搬手 torque spanner, torque wrench 角度测量平台angular measuring platform切口防锈漆antirust coating for cutting edges铁心的油道撑条strips for core oil-ducts撑条粘结 sticking of strips级间衬纸 insulating paper between core stages冲孔模 hole punching die缺口模 notch punching die皮裙 leather apron防护袖 protective sleeve护臂 shoulder guard护腿 shin guardPART8 线圈制造绕线机，卷线机 winding machine卧式绕线机 horizontal winding machine 立式绕线机 vertical winding machine绕盘架 bracket for conductor drums, bracket for wire drums导线盘 conductor drum, wire drum导线拉紧装置 conductor tensile device, wire tensile device导线复绕机 conductor rewind machine导线矫直机conductor straightening machine可调节绕线模 adjustable winding drum装配式绕线模 fabricated winding drum钢板筒绕线模steel-plate rolled winding drum模子直径 former diameter线圈外径OD (outside diameter) of winding线圈内径ID (inside diameter) of winding半径 radius木撑条 wood supporting strips绝缘撑条 insulating strips撑条号 number of the strip, number of chock line正段线饼 normally wound disks反段线饼 reversely wound disks临时段线饼 temporarily wound disksS型弯 crossover匝数器 winding-turn recorder线圈的导线 winding conductor线圈内部的导线焊接welding ofconductors within the winding碰焊 butt welding焊接导线用的碰焊机 butt welder for conductor joint铜焊 brazing welding铜电焊 electric brazing脚控点焊机 foot-operated spot welder 附加绝缘 additional insulation出头固定 winding terminal fixing出头锁紧 winding terminal fastening打圈出头 terminal end out by looping 拿弯工具 bending tool线圈夹具 clamping tool for winding线圈翻转架 tilting frame for winding 扁嘴钳 flat nosed pliers8.39 克丝钳 wire-cutting pliers钳锤 plummet恒压干燥drying under constant compression线圈压板 winding compression plates拉紧螺杆 tensile screw rod弹簧压梁 spring compression木垫块 wood padding block铝垫块 aluminum padding block线圈的稳定处理 isostatic treatment of winding股间绝缘试验 insulation test between strands导线包纸insulation wrapping of conductor纸带盘 paper tape reels包纸机 wrapping machine立式包纸机vertical paper wrapping machine卧式包纸机 horizontal paper wrapping machine恒湿箱 humidistat裁纸机 paper slitting machine螺旋柱形弹簧 helical spring碟形弹簧，盘形弹簧 Belleville spring washer皱纹纸带 crepe paper tape金属编织带 metal wire woven tape线圈干燥后的整理 trimming of winding after drying卧式真空干燥罐side-loading vacuum drying autoclave立式真空干燥罐top-loading vacuum drying autoclave线圈油压机 hydraulic press for winding 多根撑条铣切机muli-strip milling cutter线圈的传递及保管conveyance and storage of windingPART 9 油箱制造钢板表面预处理steel plate surface pre-processing划线 layout园形样板 circular template剪切 shearing刨边 edge shaping气割 gas cutting自动气割 automatic gas cutting等离子切割 plasma cutting切割机 cutting machine多用切割机 universal cutting machine 气焊把 welding torch, welding blowpipe 割咀 cutting nozzle焊咀 welding nozzle焊条 welding rod焊剂 welding paste, welding flux焊接桌 welding bench焊接用保护镜 welding goggles瓶推车 cylinder trpolley折板机 bending press, bending braks液压折板机 hydraulic bending press, hydraulic bending brake交流电弧焊 alternation arc welding自动电焊automatic electric arc welding埋弧自动焊automatic submerged-arc weldingCO保护焊 CO protected welding氩弧焊 argon protected welding惰性气体供应inert-gas supply, shielding-gas supply惰性气体焊枪inert-gas torch for inert-gas welding乙炔焊 acetylene乙炔瓶 acetylene cylinder乙炔气界面 gas connection, acetylene connection瓦斯控制gas control, acetylene control瓦斯管 gas hose氧气瓶 oxygen cylinder氧气界面 oxygen connection氧气管 oxygen hose氧化 oxidation高压压力表 high-pressure manometer低压压力表 low-pressure manometer水箱 water hank原子氢焊 atomic hydrogen arc welding 电焊工 arc welder, welder容器焊工 boilermaker电焊面罩 arc welding helmet五把手套 five-fingered welding glove 焊把臂 electrode arm。
电气类毕业设计外文翻译
附录1 中文参考资料1．变压器是变换交流电压、电流和阻抗的器件，当初级线圈中通有交流电流时，铁芯（或磁芯）中便产生交流磁通，使次级线圈中感应出电压（或电流）。
变压器由铁芯（或磁芯）和线圈组成，线圈有两个或两个以上的绕组，其中接电源的绕组叫初级线圈，其余的绕组叫次级线圈。
2. 理想变压器不计一次、二次绕组的电阻和铁耗，其间耦合系数K=1 的变压器称之为理想变压器描述理想变压器的电动势平衡方程式为e1(t) =-N1dφ/dt、e2(t)=-N2dφ/dt若一次、二次绕组的电压、电动势的瞬时值均按正弦规律变化，则有不计铁心损失，根据能量守恒原理可得由此得出一次、二次绕组电压和电流有效值的关系令K=N1/N2，称为匝比（亦称电压比）。
3. 变压器的结构简介（1）铁心是变压器中主要的磁路部分。
通常由含硅量较高，厚度分别为0.35 mm\0.3mm\0.27 mm，表面涂有绝缘漆的热轧或冷轧硅钢片叠装而成铁心分为铁心柱和横片俩部分，铁心柱套有绕组；横片是闭合磁路之用铁心结构的基本形式有心式和壳式两种（2）绕组是变压器的电路部分，它是用双丝包绝缘扁线或漆包圆线绕成变压器的基本原理是电磁感应原理，现以单相双绕组变压器为例说明其基本工作原理:当一次侧绕组上加上电压Ú1时，流过电流Í1，在铁芯中就产生交变磁通Ø1，这些磁通称为主磁通，在它作用下，两侧绕组分别感应电势É1，É2，感应电势公式为：E=4.44fNØm 式中：E--感应电势有效值，f--频率，N--匝数，Øm--主磁通最大值，由于二次绕组与一次绕组匝数不同，感应电势E1和E2大小也不同，当略去内阻抗压降后，电压Ú1和Ú2大小也就不同。
当变压器二次侧空载时，一次侧仅流过主磁通的电流（Í0），这个电流称为激磁电流。
电气专业毕业设计外文翻译2--变压器
外文资料翻译TRANSFORMER1. INTRODUCTIONThe high-voltage transmission was need for the case electrical power is to be provided at considerable distance from a generating station. At some point this high voltage must be reduced, because ultimately is must supply a load. The transformer makes it possible for various parts of a power system to operate at different voltage levels. In this paper we discuss power transformer principles and applications.2. TOW-WINDING TRANSFORMERSA transformer in its simplest form consists of two stationary coils coupled by a mutual magnetic flux. The coils are said to be mutually coupled because they link a common flux.In power applications, laminated steel core transformers (to which this paper is restricted) are used. Transformers are efficient because the rotational losses normally associated with rotating machine are absent, so relatively little power is lost when transforming power from one voltage level to another. Typical efficiencies are in the range 92 to 99%, the higher values applying to the larger power transformers.The current flowing in the coil connected to the ac source is called the primary winding or simply the primary. It sets up the flux φ in the core, which varies periodically both in magnitude and direction. The flux links the second coil, called the secondary winding or simply secondary. The flux is changing; therefore, it induces a voltage in the secondary by electromagnetic induction in accordance with Lenz’s law. Thus the primary receives its power from the source while the secondary supplies this power to the load. This action is known as transformer action.3. TRANSFORMER PRINCIPLESWhen a sinusoidal voltage V p is applied to the primary with the secondary open-circuited, there will be no energy transfer. The impressed voltage causes a small current Iθ to flow in the primary winding. This no-load current has two functions: (1) it produces the magnetic flux in the core, which varies sinusoidally between zero and φm, where φm is the maximum value of the core flux; and (2) it provides a component to account for the hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core. There combined losses are normally referred to as the core losses.The no-load current Iθ is usually few percent of the rated full-load current of the transformer (about 2 to 5%). Since at no-load the primary winding acts as a large reactance due to the iron core, the no-load current will lag the primary voltage by nearly 90º. It is readily seen that the current component I m= I0sinθ0, called the magnetizing current, is 90º in phase behind the primary voltage V P. It is this component that sets up the flux in the core; φ is therefore in phase with I m.The second component, I e=I0sinθ0, is in phase with the primary voltage. It is the current component that supplies the core losses. The phasor sum of these twocomponents represents the no -load current, ore m o I I I +=It should be noted that the no -load current is distortes and nonsinusoidal. This is the result of the nonlinear behavior of the core material.If it is assumed that there are no other losses in the transformer, the induced voltage In the primary, E p and that in the secondary, E s can be shown. Since the magnetic flux set up by the primary winding ，there will be an induced EMF E in the secondary winding in accordance with Faraday’s law, namely, t N E ∆∆⋅=/ϕ. This same flux also links the primary itself, inducing in it an EMF, E p . As discussed earlier, the induced voltage must lag the flux by 90º, therefore, they are 180º out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, E s =V s . The no -load primary current I 0 is small, a few percent of full -load current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and V p is nearly equal to E p . The primary voltage and the resulting flux are sinusoidal; thus the induced quantities E p and E s vary as a sine function. The average value of the induced voltage given byE avg = turns× change in flux in a given time given timewhich is Faraday’s law applied to a finite time interval. It follows thatE avg = N 21/(2)m f ϕ = 4fNφm which N is the number of turns on the winding. Form ac circuit theory, the effective or root -mean -square (rms) voltage for a sine wave is 1.11 times the average voltage; thusE = 4.44fNφmSince the same flux links with the primary and secondary windings, the voltage per turn in each winding is the same. HenceE p = 4.44fN p φmandE s = 4.44fN s φmwhere E p and Es are the number of turn on the primary and secondary windings, respectively. The ratio of primary to secondary induced voltage is called the transformation ratio. Denoting this ratio by a, it is seen that a = p sE E = p s N N Assume that the output power of a transformer equals its input power, not a bad sumption in practice considering the high efficiencies. What we really are saying is that we are dealing with an ideal transformer; that is, it has no losses. ThusP m = P outorV p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PFwhere PF is the power factor. For the above -stated assumption it means that the power factor on primary and secondary sides are equal; thereforeV p I p = V s I sfrom which is obtained p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information.The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under full -load condition.When the secondary voltage V s is reduced compared to the primary voltage, the transformation is said to be a step -down transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a step -up transformer. In a step -down transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a>1.0), while for a step -up transformer it is smaller than unity (a<1.0). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer.As is apparent, it is the magnetic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load.Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedance is seen which by definition equals V p / I p . From p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a , we have V p = aV s and I p = I s /a.In terms of V s and I s the ratio of V p to I p isp p V I = /s s aV I a= 2s s a V I But V s / I s is the load impedance Z L thus we can say thatZ m (primary) = a 2Z LThis equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a 2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedance -matching applications.译文变压器1. 介绍要从远端发电厂送出电能，必须应用高压输电。
毕业设计英文文献翻译(电力方向附带中文)
毕业设计英文文献翻译(电力方向附带中文)大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!HarmonicsService reliability and quality of power have become growing concerns for many facility managers, especially with the increasing sensitivity of electronic equipment and automated controls. There are several types of voltage fluctuations that can cause problems, including surges and spikes, sags, harmonic distortion, and momentary disruptions. Harmonics can cause sensitive equipment to malfunction and other problems, including overheating of transformers and wiring, nuisance breaker trips, and reduced power factor.What Are Harmonics?Harmonics are voltage and current frequencies riding on top of the normal sinusoidal voltage and current waveforms. Usually these harmonic frequencies are in multiples of the fundamental frequency, which is 60 hertz (Hz) in the US and Canada. The mostcommon source of harmonic distortion is electronic equipment using switch-mode power supplies, such as computers, adjustable-speed drives, and high-efficiency electronic light ballasts.Harmonics are created by these Dswitching loads‖ (also called “nonlinear loads,‖ because current does not vary smoothly with voltage as it does with simple resistive and reactive loads): Each time the current is switched on and off, a current pulse is created. The resulting pulsed waveform is made up of a spectrum of harmonic frequencies, including the 60 Hz fundamental and multiples of it. This voltage distortion typically results from distortion in the current reacting with system impedance. (Impedance is a measure of the total opposi tion―resistance, capacitance, and inductance―to the flow of an alternating current.) The higher-frequency waveforms, collectively referred to as total harmonic distortion (THD), perform no useful work and can be asignificant nuisance.Harmonic waveforms are characterized by their amplitude and harmonic number. In the U.S. and Canada, the third harmonic is 180 Hz―or 3 x 60 Hz―and the fifth harmonic is 300 Hz (5 x 60Hz). The third harmonic (and multiples of it) is the largest problem in circuits with single-phase loads such as computers and fax machines. Figure 1 shows how the 60-Hz alternating current (AC) voltage waveform changes when harmonics are added.大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!The Problem with HarmonicsAny distribution circuit serving modern electronic devices will contain some degree of harmonic frequencies. The harmonics do not always cause problems, but the greater the power drawn by these modern devices or other nonlinear loads, the greater the level of voltage distortion. Potential problems (or symptoms of problems) attributed to harmonics include:■ Malfunction of sensitive equipment■ Random tripping of circuit breakers■ Flickering lights■ Very high neutral currents■ Overheated phase conductors, panels, and transformers ■ Premature failure of transformers and uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)■ Reduced power factor■ Reduced system capacity (because harmonics create additional heat, transformers and otherdistribution equipment cannot carry full rated load)Identifying the ProblemWithout obvious symptoms such as nuisance breaker trips or overheated transformers, how do you determine whether harmonic current or voltages are a cause for concern? Here are several suggestions for simple, inexpensive measurements that a facility manager or staff electrician could take, starting at the outlet and moving upstream:■ Measure the peak and root mean square (RMS) voltage at a sample of receptacles. The Dcrest factor‖ is the ra tio of peak to RMS voltage. For a perfectly sinusoidal voltage, the crest factor will be 1.4. Low crest factor is a clear indicator of the presence of harmonics. Note that these measurements must be performed with a Dtrue RMS‖ meter―one that doesn‘t assume a perfectly sinusoidal waveform.■ Inspect distribution panels. Remove panel covers and visually inspect components for signs of overheating, including discolored or receded insulation or discoloration of terminal screws. If you see any of these symptoms, check that connectionsare tight (since loose connections could also cause overheating), and compare currents in all conductors to their ratings.■ Measure phase and neutral currents at the transformer secondary with clamp-on current probes. If no harmonics are being generated, the neutral current of a three-phase distribution system carries only the imbalance of the phase currents. In a well-balanced three-phase distribution system, phase currents will be very similar, and current in the neutral conductor should be much lower than phase current and far below its rated current capacity. If phase currents are similar and neutral current exceeds their imbalance by a wide margin, harmonics are present. If neutral current is above 70 percent of the cond uctor‘s rated capacity, you need to mitigate the problem.■Compare transformer temperature and loading with nameplate temperature rise and capacity ratings. Even lightly loaded transformers can overheat if harmonic current is high. A transformer that is near or over its rated temperature rise but is loaded well below its rated capacity is a clear sign that harmonics are at work. (Many transformers have built-in temperature gauges. If yours does not, infrared thermography can be used to detect overheating.)大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!In addition to these simple measurements, many power-monitoring devices are now commercially available from a variety of manufacturers to measure and record harmonic levels. These instruments provide detailed information on THD, as well as on the intensity of individual harmonic frequencies. After taking the appropriate measurements to determine whether you have high levels of harmonics and, if so, to find the source, you will be well-positioned to choose the best solution.Solutions to Harmonics ProblemsThe best way to deal with harmonics problems is through prevention: choosing equipment and installation practices that minimize the level of harmonics in any one circuit or portion of a facility. Many power quality problems, including those resulting from harmonics, occur when new equipment is haphazardly added to older systems. However, even within existing facilities, the problems can often be solved with simple solutions such as fixing poor or nonexistent grounding on individual equipment or the facility as a whole, moving a few loads between branch circuits, or adding additional circuits to help isolate the sensitiveequipment from what is causing the harmonic distortion. If the problems cannot be solved by these simple measures, there are two basic choices: to reinforce the distribution system to withstand the harmonics or to install devices to attenuate or remove the harmonics. Reinforcing the distribution system means installing double-size neutral wires or installing separate neutral wires for each phase, and/or installing oversized or Krated transformers, which allow for more heat dissipation. There are also harmonic-rated circuit breakers and panels, which are designed to prevent overheating due to harmonics. This option is generally more suited to new facilities, because the costs of retrofitting an existing facility in this way could be significant. Strategies for attenuating harmonics, from cheap to more expensive, include passive harmonic filters, isolation transformers, harmonic mitigating transformers (HMTs), the Harmonic Suppression System (HSS) from Harmonics Ltd., and active filters(Table 1).Passive filters (also called traps) include devices that provide low-impedance paths to divert harmonics to ground and devices that create a higher-impedance path to discourage the flow of harmonics. Both of these devices, by necessity, change theimpedance characteristics of the circuits into which they are inserted. Another weakness of passive harmonic technologies is that, as their name implies, they cannot adapt to changes in the electrical systems in which they operate. This means that changes to the electrical system (for example, the addition or removal of power factorCcorrection capacitors or the addition of more nonlinear loads) could cause them to be overloaded or to create Dresonances‖ that could actually amplify, rather than diminish, harmonics.Active harmonic filters, in contrast, continuously adjust their behavior in response to the harmonic current content of the monitored circuit, and they will not cause resonance. Like an automatic transmission in a car, active filters are designed to accommodate a full range of expected operating conditions upon installation, without requiring further adjustments by the operator.Isolation transformers are filtering devices that segregate harmonics in the circuit in which they are created, protecting upstream equipment from the effects of harmonics. These transformers do not remove the problem in the circuit generating the harmonics, but they can prevent the harmonics from affecting more sensitive equipment elsewhere within the facility.大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!Harmonic mitigating transformers actually do relieve problematic harmonics. HMTs can be quite cost-effective in the right application, because they can both improve reliability and reduce energy costs. The right application includes transformers that are heavily or moderately loaded and where high levels of harmonic currents are present. In addition, HMTs are very effective in supporting critical loads that are backed up by a UPS. UPSs and backup generators tend to have high impedance, which results in high voltage distortion under nonlinear loading. Because of this, equipment that operates flawlessly when supplied by utility power may malfunction when the backup system engages during a utility outage. Note that some of these power systems have output filters (either passive or active) to control harmonic levels. The presence or absence of such filters should be determined before adding an HMT.The Harmonics Ltd. Harmonic Suppression System is a unique solution for single-phase loads that is designed to suppress the third harmonic. An HSS is generally more expensive than an HMT, but it is designed to attenuate the harmonicsproblems throughout the entire distribution system, not just upstream of the transformer. The types of facilities that present the best opportunities for HSS installation are those that place a very high premium on power quality and reliability, such as server farms, radio and television broadcast studios, and hospitals. (See .) Economic EvaluationEvaluating the life-cycle costs and effectiveness of harmonics mitigation technologies can be ve ry challenging―beyond the expertise of most industrial facility managers. After performing the proper measurement and analysis of the harmonics problem, this type of evaluation requires an analysis of the costs of the harmonics problem (downtime of sensitive equipment, reduced power factor, energy losses or potential energy savings) and the costs of the solutions. A good place to start in performing this type of analysis is to ask your local utility or electricity provider for assistance. Many utilities offer their own power quality mitigation services or can refer you to outside power quality service providers.Additional ResourcesInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE),Standard 519-1992, DIEEE大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems‖ (1992), available at .Relationship between harmonics and symmetrical componentsAbstract New terminology is introduced to make clear the relationship between harmonics and symmetrical components. Three-phase sets are classified in terms of symmetrical sets and asymmetrical sets. Subclasses are introduced with the names symmetrical balanced sets, symmetrical unbalanced sets, asymmetrical balanced sets and asymmetrical unbalanced sets to show that a threephase set can resolve to either one, two or three symmetrical component sets. The results from four case studies show that these subclasses and their resolution to symmetrical component sets improve understanding of harmonic analysis of systems having balanced and unbalanced harmonic sources and loads.Keywords asymmetrical sets; harmonic flows; harmonic sources; symmetrical component sets; symmetrical sets Any periodic wave shape can be broken down into oranalysed as a fundamentalwave and a series of harmonics.Three-phase harmonic analysis requires a clear understanding of the relationship between symmetrical component injections from harmonic sources (e.g. adjustable speed drives, ASDs) and their relationship to harmonic flows (symmetrical components) arising from the application of a harmonic source to a linear system.Alimited number of references contain brief information concerning harmonics and symmetrical components. Reference 1, provides a paragraph on this topic and uses the heading Relationship between Harmonics and Symmetrical Components‘.It includes a table that is supported by a brief explanatory paragraph. The table expresses harmonics in terms of positive, negative and zero sequences. It states that these sequences are for harmonics in balanced three-phase systems. The heading refers to symmetrical components while the content refers to balanced three-phase systems. Herein lies the anomaly. Classically, symmetrical components (especially ero sequence) are only applied in unbalanced systems. The following questions rose after reading the Ref. 1 paragraph.(a)Do symmetrical components (especially zero sequence), in the classical sense,apply in balanced as well as unbalanced non-sinusoidal systems and is this abreak from tradition?(b)What do the terms, symmetrical, asymmetrical, balanced, unbalanced andsymmetrical components mean?(c)What are the conditions under which a system must operate so that harmonicsresolve to positive, negative and zero sequences and is the table given inRef. 1 correct?The terminology used is found inadequate for describing non-sinusoidal systems.There is thus a need to introduce a three-phase terminology that will show the relationship and make the comparison between injections (currents) and harmonic flows (voltages and currents) meaningful.References 3 provides the basis for the solution by providing definitions for threephase sets‘, symmetrical sets‘an d symmetricalcomponent sets‘.The purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach to harmonic analysis大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!based on the classification of three-phase sets and to make to comparison between injections from harmonic sources and corresponding harmonic flows quantifiable by expressing the results in terms of the number of symmetrical component sets found.Harmonic flows and their resolution to symmetrical components depends upon the magnitudes and phase sequences of the injections from a harmonic source, on the system‘s sequence impedances, on three- and four-wire connections and on whether the customer‘s linear load on the system is balanced or unbalanced. Therefore, what is injected in terms of symmetrical component sets by a harmonic source is not necessarily received by the system, i.e. the harmonic flows may resolve to one, two or three symmetrical component sets and this depends upon the type of three-phase set found. Therefore, any three-phase harmonic may be partially made up of any of thesymmetrical component sets.Four case studies are reported and they show a novel method for teaching the flow of power system harmonics. It is important to use case studies as part of one‘s teaching as they link learning to concepts and improve understanding. They show how the method of symmetrical components can be extended to a system‘s response to harmonic flows. When taught as a group, the four case studies improve cognitive skills by showing that the symmetrical component responses under unbalanced situations are different to the balanced state.IEEE __TIONS ON POWER __NICS VOL.19,NO.3,__年大学毕业设计英文文献翻译,关于电力系统方向,电力谐波!绝对原创!谐波服务的可靠性和电能质量已成为越来越多设施经理的关注，尤其是随着电子设备和自动化控制灵敏度提高了很多。
变电站毕业设计~外文翻译
山东理工大学毕业设计（外文翻译材料）学院：专业：学生姓名：指导教师：电气与电子工程学院电气工程及其自动化韦柳军孟繁玉Reliability modelling and analysis for SheffieldSubstation 220 kV upgrade projectCaroline Lee Transend, Networks Pty Ltd , TasmaniaDr Sudhir Agarwal,San Diego, California, USAABSTRACTThis paper describes the application of a defensible probabilistic process in reliability evaluation for Sheffield 220 kV Substation redevelopment project. Sheffield Substation is a hub of 220 kV transmission system in the North and North-West regions of Tasmania. It provides connection to West Coast and Mersey Forth hydro power stations and facilitates power transfers from these power stations to major industrial customers in George Town area and retail andindustrial loads in the North and North-West regions of Tasmania. Therefore, it is important that integrity of Sheffield Substation is protected as much as possible and consequences of unplanned outages minimised to prevent possible widespread system disturbances.Together with General Reliability from San Diego,California, Transend undertook the reliability evaluation of four redevelopment options for Sheffield Substation using SUBREL, substation reliability and TRANSREL, transmission system reliability programs.1.INTRODUCTIONTransend, as a Transmission Service Provider and Transmission Network Operator in Tasmania is responsible for providing reliable electricity supply and providing cost effective development solutions- 1 -of the transmission network. Transend has identified a need for a comprehensive and more objective process in justification of development projects from its capital works program. The need to combine customer reliability targets and economics to achieve cost effective development solutions has been long recognised. A hierarchical framework for overall power system reliability evaluation is presented in [1].Different design, planning and operating principles and techniques have been developed in different countries over many decades in an attempt to find balance between reliability targets and economic constraints [2].Following the reliability concept and principles, differentutilities applied different reliability criteria to justify projects from their capital works program. Reliability criteria can be viewed as conditions that should be satisfied by electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems in order to achieve requiredreliability targets. Reliability criteria usually fall into two categories: established numerical target levels of reliability (eg level of expected energy not supplied) and performance test criteria (eg N-1, N-2 incidents that the system has to withstand). An attempt to combine these two categories into one set of reliability criteria is currently underway in Tasmania [3]. The use of reliability criteria from the first category is the core of probabilistic reliability evaluation approach. The second category is a deterministic reliability evaluation approach. The usefulness of deterministic criteria and security standards in justification of projects from capital works program is challenged in [4]. Instead, an approach involving customers in decision making and simulating a realistic system operation and failure is commended. The basic steps suggested in proper reliability evaluations are based on complete understanding of the equipment and system behaviour including:• Understanding the way the equipment and system operate;- 2 -• Identify the situations in which equipment can fail;• Understand consequences of the failures;• Incorporate these events into the reliability model;•Use the available evaluation techniques tocalculate reliability indices and costs.With this understanding of the system behaviour probability theory is then only seen as a tool to transform this understanding into the likely system future behaviour.2. SELECTION OF EVALUATION TECHNIQUE AND SOFTWARE TOOLS There are two main categories of evaluation techniques[5]: analytical (stateenumeration) and Monte Carlo simulation. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed in [1].Analytical technique was chosen by Transend because of its usefulness in comparing different development options for network development projects. This approach was presented also in the Electricity Supply Association of Australia Guidelines for Reliability Assessment Planning [6]. Consequently, decision was made to acquire SUBREL, and TRANSREL, substation reliability and transmission system reliability programs from General Reliability,USA.2.1. SUBREL - SUBSTATION RELIABILITYPROGRAMSUBREL is a computer program which calculates reliability indices for an electricity utility substation and generating station switchyard [7]. The methodology used to analyse impact of substation generated outages on overall system reliability performances has been described in [8]. The program models the following outage events, including all required subsequent automatic and manual switching operations:1. Forced outage of any substation component:- 3 -• Breaker• Transformer• Bus Section• Disconnector2. Forced outage of an incoming line.3. Forced outage overlapping a maintenance outage for substation equipment or an incoming line.4. Stuck breaker (failure to open when needed to clear the fault). SUBREL calculates the following load point indices:• Frequency of Interruption (per year)• Number of Circuits Interruptions (per year)• Outage Duration (minutes per outage)• Annual Total Outage Duration (minutes per year)• Customer Minutes of Interruption CMI (per year)• Expected Unsupplied Energy (EUE) (kWh per year)• Expected Outage Cost ($ per year)SUBREL also calculates the following substation or totalsystem indices:• SAIFI, System Average Interruption Frequency Index• SAIDI, System Average Interruption Duration Index• CAIDI, Customer Average Interruption Duration Index• ASAI, Average Service Availability Index• EUE, Expected Unsupplied Energy (kWh per year)- 4 -• Expected Outage Cost ($ per year)SUBREL generates a list of substation generated outages that can be used further by TRANSREL to analyse impact on overall system reliability performance.2.2. TRANSREL – TRANSMISSION SYSTEM RELIABILITY PROGRAMTRANSREL uses contingency enumeration of transmission contingencies to evaluate power network reliability. It is designed to aid electric utility system planners for reliability assessment of bulk power systems. The process involves specifying contingencies (outages of transmission lines and station originated outages) and performing load flow analysis to determine system problems such as circuit overloads, low/high bus voltages, bus separation or islanding. Using the probability, frequency and duration of the contingencies evaluated, indices of system problems as measures of system unreliability are calculated. Both post contingency and post remedial action indices can be calculated. If no remedial actions are taken to alleviate a problem, the post contingency indices may provide a pessimistic assessment of system reliability. If remedial actions such as generation redispatch, switching of facilities, curtailment of load alleviates some of the system problems, the post remedial action reliability indices provide a more realistic measure of system performance. The amount of load shedding is used as an indicator of contingency severity or system capability to withstand contingencies. Using probabilities of contingencies, expected load curtailment at buses can be calculated as reliability indices. TRANSREL was used with load flow program, PTI PSS/E to examine the impact of an outage on system performance. The types of failures identified for checking the impact of a contingency on system performance are: Transmission circuit overloads - by comparing flows based on the load flow solution with user- 5 -selected circuit ratings; Bus voltage violations - by checking bus voltages against high and low voltage limits, or maximum allowable voltage deviation from the base case; Load curtailment - by tabulating the amount of load curtailed as a result of system failure;Load flow divergence - by tabulating the bus mismatches above a predefined tolerance. TRANSREL computes reliability indices using a contingency enumeration approach, which involves selection and evaluation of contingencies, classification of each contingency according to specified failure criteria, and computation of reliability indices. Reliability indices include frequency, duration and severity (overloads, voltage violations, load curtailed, and energy curtailed). Both system and bus indices are calculated.3.SUBREL AND TRANSREL APPLICATION FOR SHEFFIELD 220 KV SUBSTATION Sheffield Substation is a hub of 220 kV transmission system in the North and North-West regions of Tasmania. As shown on Figure 1, it provides connections from the West Coast and Mersey Forth hydro power stations to the rest of the system. In addition, it supplies Aurora Energy customers in North and North-West regions and major industrial customers in the George Town area.During winter months, from May to September, the amount of energy supplied through and transferred from Sheffield Substation can reach more than 50% of the energy supplied to the rest of the system as shown in Figure 2.As such, Sheffield Substation has been recognized as a vulnerable point in the Tasmanian power system. The total loss of Sheffield Substation during times of large power transfer from West Coast of Tasmania to the rest of the system could possibly lead to a large system disturbance in Tasmania. With the present Sheffield Substation 220 kV layout, the total loss of Sheffield Substation can be caused by a single element failure.- 6 -3.1. DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ANALYSEDThe need to redesign the existing substation 220 kV layout has been recognised long time ago. The following three options have been selected for detailed modeling and analysis:Option 1: Triple busbar arrangementOption 2: Full breaker and a half and double breaker arrangement Option 3: Partial breaker and half and double breaker arrangement These options were compared against the existing 220 kV busbar design (Do Nothing option).A brief description of each of these options is as follows:3.1.1. DO NOTHING OPTION- 7 -The “Do nothing option” represents the existing 220 kV busbar arrangement at Sheffield Substation. The existing 220 kV Sheffield Substation has had some major changes since substation commissioning and installation of two autotransformers for the North and North-West regions of Tasmania supply in 1967. The substation 220 kV busbar arrangement is double, strung busbar arrangement with one bus coupler. In normal system configuration main bus coupler A752 is closed, 220 kV“S” by pass bus and second bus coupler S752 are not in service. The schematic diagram of this option is shown below. Total number of circuits connected at Sheffield Substation is 12. Total number of circuit breakers is 14 (12 plus 2 bus couplers). Sheffield Substation is a main supply point to the North-West Region of Tasmania. Total load in the region is around 260 MVA. The fault on bus coupler A752 will result in the loss of both busbar A and B and therefore loss of more than 50% of supply in Tasmania during winter season leading to a blackout in the North-West region.West Coast region will loose synchronism with the rest of the system, experience over frequency and will be islanded. The rest of the system will experience.Under frequency and significant amount of load must be shed to prevent total blackout. In the case of 220 kV busbar A fault at Sheffield Substation, two elements supplying the North-West region which are the Sheffield–Burnie 220 kV line and autotransformer T1, would be lost. During high winter load the remaining autotransformer T2 will be overloaded and tripped on overload conditions. This will lead to total blackout in the North-West region of Tasmania. In the case of 220 kV busbar B fault, two elements supplying George Town which are the Sheffield–George Town No 1 transmission line and Sheffield–Palmerston transmission line will be lost. During high winter loads the remaining Sheffield–George Town No 2 line will tripped on overload.- 8 -This will cause significant change in network impedance with requirement to shed load at major industrial customers at George Town. Consequently, this will produce excessive generation connected at Farrell and Sheffield, which can move the system towards unstable operation and cascade of events with possible blackout in the North and North West regions of Tasmania.3.1.2. OPTION 1-TRIPLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTThe schematic diagram of this option is shown below In comparison with “do nothing option” this option proposes to use the spare S752 circuit breaker and upgrade a nd energise “S” bypass bus to full size. The existing 12 circuits will be spread across the three busbars. Only one additional 220 kV circuit breaker is required in this option. The total number of circuit breakers in this option is 15.3.1.3. OPTION 2 - FULL BREAKER AND A HALF AND DOUBLE BREAKER ARRANGEMENT The schematic diagram of this option is shown below. This option includes- 9 -creating double breaker and breaker and half arrangements. Breaker and a half arrangement is proposed between Hydro Tasmania’s C ethana power station and autotransformer T1; and Lemonthyme power station and autotransformer T2. The total number of circuit breakers in this option is 19.3.1.4. OPTION 3 - PARTIAL BREAKER AND A HALF AND DOUBLE BREAKER ARRANGEMENTThe schematic diagram of this option is shown below. The main difference in comparison with option 2 is thatthere is no breaker and half arrangements between Hydro Tasmania’s Cethana power station and autotransformer T1; and Lemonthyme power station and autotransformer T2. The establishment of breaker and a half arrangements between these circuits could have as a consequence increase in connection charges for Hydro Tasmania for middle breakers, which needs to be discussed and agreed with this customer. Total number of circuit breakers in this option is 17.3.2. RESULTSIn this study, the following outages are examined:• n-1 forced outage of a station component including transmission lines and transformers• n-1 maintenance overlapping n-1 forced outages•breaker stuck condition following a fault. For a fault on line, transformer, bus or a breaker, only those breakers will be considered for being in a stuck condition that are supposed to trip to clear the fault. In this case back up protection will clear the fault.Apart from the above outages examined, higher order of outages can also be considered and simulated in the programs, however the probability and frequency of- 10 -their occurrence is quite low. Based on the Transend outage data, it was decided that the above settings should capture most of the credible outage events. The number of events for each of the options is given in the following table. These events are generated by the program to study their impact on substation performance. For each event, the program calculates the probability, frequency and duration. Using the connectivity model, it also computes the amount of loss of load and energy for a load point and for the overall substation. Using a linear flow method it checks if the load can be supplied without violating the ratings of any component. The number of outage events enumerated and examined by the SUBREL program depends on the number of components in a station and the program settings. If more components are added to a station, their exposure to failures also increases. To select an optimal design, a balance between the redundancy provided by adding a component (breaker or a busbar) and the increased exposure should be kept in mind. As seen from the tables above, the number of outage events for options 1,2 and 3 is higher than for the existing configuration since these options have more breakers and buses in their suggested configurations. There is no event that causes the complete loss of load in the area (including Burnie, Sheffield and George Town substations in the model) in any of the options. However there are events in each option that will cause partial loss of load. Option 2 has the lowest number of events causing loss of load while the existing configuration has the highest number of events causing loss of load. Reliability indices computed by SUBREL program for each of the option is given in the table below. These indices are computed using the load Probability Density Function (PDF) as unity. PDF of unity means that the load is same throughout the year. The widely used reliability indices such as SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, ASAI,and EUE are computed by the program.Outage costs are calculated based on calculated expected- 11 -unsupplied energy (EUE) and value of lost load applied to particular customer groups. A comprehensive analysis of value of lost load for different customer groups has been undertaken by Monash University for Victorian utilities [9]. Based on the table above it is clear that option 1 – triple busbar arrangement, has lowest outage costs. Based on the list of substation originated outages generated by SUBREL, TRANSREL program was used to indicated consequences on the overall system performances. The voltage violations were encountered only for option2 in 9 simulation events. There were few contingencies for which solution did not converge. For these contingencies, a potential exists that the system will face major problems including a collapse. The system stress and its response will, of course, depend on the system conditions present at the time outages. There are four events for Option 1 that result in non-convergence of the power flow. The probability of these non-convergence cases for Option 1 is 0.0026 which means that there is a potential that exists that the system may collapse once every 400 years. This is a very low likely event and during this time the system is likely to go through several changes. It should also be noted that in this analysis no remedial actions are included. With remedial actions, operators may be able to avoid such a situation.4. CONCLUSIONSThe implementation and application of a probabilistic based planning for selecting a substation configuration provides quite useful information to an engineer in deciding the best option. The use of both SUBREL and TRANSREL programs for Sheffield Substation study has sufficiently demonstrated that it is important to examine all credible outage scenarios that are not possible to do manually. Quantitative indices computed by these programs provide an objective assessment of various- 12 -options considered. For transmission substations it is important that only SUBREL analysis may not provide the complete information. Without performing a TRANSREL analysis,it is likely that the risk posed by a configuration may not be correctly assessed from the overall system point of view. For the Sheffield Substation the triple busbar arrangement (Option 1) is the cheapest option, easy to implement, and reliability indices for Sheffield Substation are the best in this option. The low probabilities divergent cases can be resolved with appropriate remedial actions in place, including, generation rescheduling, voltage support and load shedding.REFERENCES[1] Billinton, R. and Allan, R.N.,:”Power-system reliability in perspective”, IEE Electronic and Power, pp. 231-236, March 1984.[2] “Power System Reliability Analysis. Application Guide,” CIGRE WG03 of SC 38,Edited by Lesley Kelley-Regnier, 1987.[3] “Transmission Network Security and Planning Criteria-draft”, Office of Tasmanian Energy Regulator, August 2005.[4] Al lan, R.N., and Billinton, R.:”Probabilistic methods applied to electric power systems-are they worth it?”,Power Engineering Journal, pp.121-129, May 1992.[5] Billinton, R. and Allan, R.N.,:” Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems”, Pitmans Books, New Yor k and London, 2nd edition, 1996. [6] “ESAA Guidelines for Reliability Assessment Planning,”, November 1997.[7] “Subrel-Substation Reliability Program User Manual”, General Reliability, San Diego, CA, 2002.- 13 -[8] Agarwal, S.K., and Anderson, P.M..: “Effect o f Station Originated Outages on Bulk Power System Reliability, ”, Cigre Symposium, S 38- 91, Montreal, 1991.[9] Monash University,:” Study of the Value of Lost Load” , Study conducted for the Victorian Power Exchange (VPX) company,Melbourne,2000.- 14 -谢菲尔德变电站220千伏升级项目的可靠性建模与分析创见网络私人有限公司，塔斯马尼亚阿加瓦尔博士，美国加利福尼亚州圣迭戈摘要本文介绍了在可靠性评估中的应用一个可防御概率过程谢菲尔德220千伏变电站重建项目。
最新变压器毕业论文外文文献翻译
英文资料及其翻译TransformerTypes and Construction of TransformerA transformer is a device that alternating current electric energy at one voltagelevel into alternating current electric energy at another voltage level through the actionof a magnetic field.It consists of two or more coils wire wrapped around a common ferromagnetic core.These coils are (usually)not directly connected. The only connection between the coils is the common magnectic flux presen within the core.One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of ac electric power,and the second(and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies electric power to loads. the transformer winding connected to the power souce is calledthe primary winding or input winding.and the winding connected to the loads is called the secondary winding or input winding.If there is a third winding on the transformer,it is called the tertiary winding.Power transformer are constructed on one of two types of cores.one type of construction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the transformerwindings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle.This type of construction is know ascoreform .The other type consists of three-legged laminated core with the windings wrapped around the center leg .This type of construction is know as shell form.In eithercase,the core is constructed of thin laminations electrically isolated form each other in orderin order to reduce eddy currents to a minimum.The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapped one on top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost.Such an arrangement severs two purposes: 1.It simplifies the problem of insulating thehigh- voltage winding from the core.2.It results in much less leakage flux thanwould be the two windings were separated by a distance on the core.Power transformer are given a variety of different names, depending on their use in power systems.A transformer connected to the output of a generator and used to stepits voltage up to transformer levels is sometimes called unit transformer. The transformer ai the other end of the transformer line,which steps the voltage down fromtransmission levels to distribution levels,is called a substation transformer.Finally,the transformer that takes the distribution voltage and steps is down to the final voltage aiwhich the power is actually used is called a distribution transformer.All these devicesare essentially the same-the only difference among them is their intended use.In addition to the various power transformer, two special-purpose transformers areused with electric machinery and power systems.The first of these special transformersis a device specially designed to sample a high voltage and produce a low secondaryvoltage directly proportional to it.Such a transformer is called a potential transformer.Apower transformer also produces a secondary voltage directly proportional to its primary voltage;the difference between a potential transformer and a power transformer is thatthe potential transformer is designed to handle only a very small current.The secondtype of special transformer is a device designed to provide a secondary current.muchsmaller than but directly proportional to its primary current.This device is called a current transformer.Cirtcuit BreakersA circuit breaker is mechanical switching device capable of making,and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making.carring for a specified time ,and mediujm in which circuit interruption is performed may be designated by a suitable prefix, for example,air-blastcircuit breaker,oil circuit breaker.The circuit breakers currently in use can be dlassified into the following categories according to the arc- quenching principles:air swetches oel ciryit breakers,minmum-oil circuit breakers,air-blast circuit breakers,the magenetic air circuit breakers,minimum-oilcircuit breakers,aer-blast circuit breakers,the by voltage,insulation levelcurrent,interrupting capabilities,transient recovery coltage,interrupting tiome,and trip delay.The nameplate on a circuit breaker usually indicates:?.The maximum steady-state current it can carry, 2. The maximum interrupting current,3. The maximum line voltage,4.The interrupting time in cycles,The interrupting time in may last form 3 to 8 cycles on a 60 Hz system. To interrubtlarge currents quickly, we have to ensure rapid cooling. High-speed interruption lunits the damage transmission lines and equipment and, equally important,it helpsto mainmain the stability of the system whenever a contingency occurs. The mainparts of a circuit breaker are usually:arc-quenching chamber (or interrupter with moving and fixed contacts) operating mechanism and supporting structures.Air Switches-With increasing currents and voltages, spring-action driving mechanisms were developed to reduce contact buring by faster-opening ter,main contacts were fitted with arcing contacts of special material and shape,which opend after and closed before the main contacts.Further improvements of the air switch were the bursh-type contact with a wiping and cleaning function,the insulating barrier leading to arc chutes,and blowout coils with excellent arc-extinguishing properties.These features,as well as the horn gap contact,are still in use in low voltage as and de breakers.Oil Circuit Breaker Around 1900, in order to cope with the new requirement for “interrupting capacity”,AC switches were immersed in a tank of oil. Is very effective in quenching the arc and establishing the open break after current zero.Deion grids,oil-blast features,pressure-tight joints and vents,new operating mechanisims,and multiple interrupter were introucedover several decades to makethe oil circuit breaker a reliable apparatus for system voltage up to 362kV变压器变压器的类型和结构变压器是一个通过磁场作用将一个交流电压值变成另一个电压值的设备。
变压器专业词汇英文翻译
变压器专业词汇英文翻译Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998变压器常用术语TECHNICAL TERMS COMMONLY USED FOR TRANSFORMER PART 1产品名称及类型电力变压器 Power transformer芯式变压器 core type transformer内铁式变压器 core-form transformer壳式变压器 shell-form transformer外铁式变压器 shell-form transformer密封式变压器 sealed transformer有载调压电力变压器 power transformer with OLTC无载调压电力变压器 power transformer with off-circuit tap-changer 配电变压器 distribution transformer自耦变压器 auto-transformer联络变压器 interconnecting transformer1.10升压变压器 step-up transformer降压变压器 step-down transformer增压变压器 booster transformer串联变压器发电机变压器 generator transformer电站用变压器 substation transformer 交流变压器 converter transformer分裂变压器 split-winding type transformer厂用变压器 power plant transformer 所用变压器 electric substation transformer单相变压器 single-phase transformer 三相变压器 three-phase transformer 多相变压器 polyphase transformer单相变压器组成的三相组 three-phase banks with separate single-phase transformer三相接地变压器 three-phase earthing transformer三线圈变压器 three-winding transformer两线圈变压器 two-winding transformer双线圈变压器 double-winding transformer多线圈变压器 multi-winding transformer油浸式变压器 oil-immersed type transformer浸难燃油变压器 noninflammable medium impregnated transformer干式变压器 dry type transformer树脂浇注式变压器 resin-casting type transformerH级绝缘变压器 transformer with H class insulation气体绝缘变压器 gas insulated transformer电炉变压器 furnace transformer整流变压器 rectifier transformer列车牵引变压器 traction transformer, locomotive transformer矿用变压器 mining transformer防爆变压器 explosion-proof transformer flame-proof transformer 隔离变压器 isolation transformer试验变压器 testing transformer串级式试验变压器 cascade testing transformer串联变压器 series transformer增压变压器 booster transformer灯丝变压器 filament transformer电焊变压器 welding transformer钎焊变压器 brazing transformer船用变压器 marine transformer起动自耦变压器 starting autotransformer起动变压器 starting transformer 移动变压器 movable substation移动式 movable type成套变电站 complete substation全自动保护单相变压器 complete self-protected single-phase transformer(CSP) 互感器 instrument transformer测量用互感器 measurementcurrent/voltage TR保护用互感器 protectivecurrent/voltage transformer电流互感器 current transformer （CT）电压互感器 voltage transformer potential transformer(PT)全绝缘电流互感器 fully insulated current transformer母线式电流互感器 bus-type current transformer绕线式电流互感器 wound primary type current transformer瓷箱式电流互感器 porcelain type current transformer套管用电流互感器 bushing-type current transformer电容式电流互感器 capacitor type current transformer支持式电流互感器 support-type current transformer倒立式电流互感器 reverse type current transformer塑料浇注式电流互感器 cast resin current transformer钳式电流互感器 split-core type current transformer速饱和电流互感器 rapid-saturable current transformer串级式电流互感器 cascade-type current transformer剩余电流互感器 residual current transformer电容式电压互感器 capacitor type voltage transformer接地电压互感器 earthed voltage transformer不接地电压互感器 unearthed voltage transformer组合式互感器 combined instrument transformer剩余电压互感器 residual voltage transformer移圈调压器 moving-coil voltage transformer动线圈 moving winding自耦调压器 autoformer regulator接触调压器 variac感应调压器 induction voltage regulator 磁饱和调压器 magnetic saturation voltage regulator电抗器 reactor并联电抗器 shunt reactor串联电抗器 series reactor饱和电抗器 saturable reactor铁心电抗器 iron core reactor空心电抗器 air core reactor水泥电抗器 concrete(cement) reactor 三相中性点接地电抗器 three-phase neutral reactor单相中性点接地电抗器 single-phase neutral earthing reactor起动电抗器 starting reactor平衡电抗器 smoothing /interphase reactor调幅电抗器 modulation reactor消弧电抗器 arc-suppression reactor 消弧线圈 arc-suppression coil阻波器，阻波线圈 wave trap coil镇流器 ballast密闭式 sealed type包封式 enclosed type户外式 outdoor type户内式 indoor type柱上式 pole mounting type移动式 movable type列车式 trailer mounted type自冷 natural cooling (ONAN)风冷 forced-air cooling (ONAF) 强油风冷 forced-oil forced-air cooling(ONAF)强油水冷 forced-oil forced-water cooling (ONWF)强油导向冷却 forced-directed oil cooling (OFAN)强油导向风冷却 forced-directed forced-air oil cooling(ODAF)恒磁通调压 constant flux voltage variation(CFVV)变磁通调压 variable flux voltage variation(VFVV)混合调压 combined voltage variation(CbVV)PART2 基础词汇千瓦 kilowatt(kw)兆瓦 megawatt(MW)京瓦 gigawatt(GW)千伏 kilovolt(kV)兆伏 megavolt(MV) 京电子伏 giga-electron-volt(GEV) 千伏安 KVA兆伏安 MVA京伏安 GVA千乏 kilovar(kVAr)兆乏 megavar(MVAr)京乏 gigavar(GVAr)产品代号symbol of product产品型号 type of product额定电压 rated voltage额定容量 rated power额定电流 rated current连接组标号 connection symbol, symbol of connection阻抗电压 impedance voltage额定频率 rated frequency空载损耗 no-load loss涡流损耗 eddy-current loss磁滞损耗 hysteresis loss空载电流 no-load current激磁电流 exciting current负载损耗 load loss附加损耗 additional losses, supplementary load loss杂散损耗 stray losses总损耗 total losses损耗比 loss ratio冷却方式 type of cooling介质损耗 dielectric loss介损角正切值 loss tangent电压组合 voltage combination电抗电压 reactance voltage额定电压比 rated voltage ratio电阻电压 resistance voltage电压调整率 voltage regulation相位差 phase displacement相位差校验 phase displacement verification零序阻抗 zero-sequence impedance 短路阻抗 short-circuit impedance 磁通密度 flux density电流密度 current density安匝数 number of ampere-turns轴向漏磁通 axial leakage flux径向漏磁通 radial leakage flux 循环电流 circulating current热点 hot spot最热点 hottest spot局部过热 local overheat有功输出 active output满容量分接 fully-power tapping额定级电压 rated step voltage最大额定电压 maximum rated voltage 最大额定电流 maximum rated through-current绕组额定电压 rated voltage of a winding额定短时电流 rated short time current 额定短时热电流 rated short thermal current额定连续热电流 rated continuous current额定动稳定电流 rated dynamic current 一次电流/电压 primary current/voltage 二次电流/电压 secondarycurrent/voltage实际电流比 actual transformation ratio of a current transformer实际电压比 actual transformation ratio of a voltage transformer二次极限感应电动势互感器的二次回顾路 secondary circuit of CT and PT定额 rating铁心噪声 noise of core背境噪声 background noise噪声水平 noise level声级 sound level声功率级 sound power level声级试验 sound level test声级测量 sound level measurement水平加速度 horizontal acceleration垂直加速度 vertical acceleration地震 seism, earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity工频 power-frequency中频 medium frequency高频 high frequency振荡频率 oscillating frequency谐振频率 resonance frequency自振频率 natural frequency of vibration频率响应 frequency response谐波测量 harmonics measurement 绝缘水平 insulation level绝缘强度 insulation strength, dielectric strength主绝缘 main insulation纵绝缘 longitudinal insulation内绝缘 internal insulation外绝缘 external insulation绝缘配合 insulation co-ordination全绝缘 uniform insulation半绝缘 non-uniform insulation降纸绝缘 reduced insulation中心点 neutral point中心点端子 neutral terminal正常绝缘 normal insulation介电常数 dielectric constant油纸绝缘系统 oil-paper insulation system绝缘电阻 insulation resistance绝缘电阻吸收比 absorption ratio of insulation resistance绝缘击穿 insulation breakdown碳化 carbonization爬电距离 creepage distance沿面放电 creeping discharge放电 discharge局部放电 partial discharge局部放电测量 measurement of partial discharge超声定位 ultrasonic location, ultrasonic orientation破坏性放电 disruptive discharge局部放电起始电压 partial discharge inception voltage局部放电终止电压 partial discharge extinction voltage过电压 overvoltage短时过电压 short time overvoltage瞬时过电压 transient overvoltage操作过电压 switching overvoltage大气过电压 atmospheric overvoltage 额定耐受电压 rated withstand voltage 工频耐受电压 power-frequency withstand voltage感应耐压试验 induced overvoltage withstand test温升试验 temperature-rise test温升 temperature rise突发短路试验 short-circuit test动热稳定 thermo-dynamic stability 冲击耐压试验 impulse voltage withstand test雷电冲击耐受电压 lightning impulse withstand voltage操作冲击耐受电压 switching impulse withstand voltage雷电冲击 lightning impulse全波雷电冲击 full wave lightning impulse截波雷电冲击 chopped wave lightning impulse操作冲击 switching impulse操作冲击波 switch surge, switch impulse伏秒特性 voltage-time characteristics 截断时间 time to chopping波前时间 time to crest视在波前时间 virtual front time半峰值时间 time to half value crest峰值 peak value, crest value有效值 root-mean-square value标么值 per unit value标称值 nominal value电级 electrode电位梯度 potential gradient等电位，等位 equipotential屏蔽 shielding静电屏蔽 electrostatic shielding磁屏蔽 magnetic shielding静电屏 electrostatic screen静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring电磁感应 electro-magnetic induction 电磁单元 electro-magnetic unit有效面 effective surface标准大气条件 standard atmospheric condition视在电荷 apparent charge体积电阻 volume resistance导电率 admittance电导 conductance, conductivity电晕放电 corona discharge闪络 flashover避雷器 surge arrestor避雷器的残压 residual voltage of an arrestor绝缘材料耐温等级 temperature class of insulation 互感器额定负荷 rated burden of an instrument transformer准确级次 accuracy class真值 true value允差 tolerance比值误差校验 ratio error verification 电流误差 current error电压误差 voltage error互感器相角差 phase displacement of instrument transformer复合误差 composite error瞬时特性 transient characteristic瞬时误差 transient error额定仪表保安电流 rated instrument security current二次极限感应电势 secondary limiting 保安因子 security factor额定准确限值的一次电流 rated accuracy limit primary current误差补偿 error compensation额定电压因子 rated voltage factor准确限值因子 accuracy limit factor开断电流 switched current笛卡尔坐标，直角坐标 Cartesian coordinate极坐标 polar coordinate横坐标 abscissa纵坐标 ordinateX-轴 X-axis复数 complex number实数部分 real component虚数部分imaginary component 正数 positive number负数 negative number小数 decimal四舍五入 round off分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator假分数 improper fraction钝角 obtuse angle锐角 acute angle补角 supplementary angle余角 complement angle平行 parallel垂直 perpendicular乘方 involution 开方 evolution, extraction of rootn的5次方 5th power of n幂 exponent, exponential微分，差动 differential, differentiate 积分，集成 integral, integrate成正比proportional to….成反比inversely proportional to…概率 probability归纳法 inductive method外推法 extrapolation method插入法 interpolation method最大似然法 maximum likelihood method图解法 graphic method有限元法 finite element method模拟法 simulation method方波回应 step response迭加电荷 superimposed charge杂散电容 stray capacitance无损探伤 non-distractive flaw detection红外线扫描 infrared scanning计算机辅助设计 computer aided design(CAD)计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing(CAM)计算机辅助试验 computer aidedtest(CAT)近似于 approximate（approx）每分钟转数 revolution per minute(rpm) 速度 velocity加速度 acceleration重力加速度 gravitational acceleration 引力 traction件数 pieces缩写 abbreviation以下简称为 hereinafter referred as xxx 常用单位 units commonly used包括缩写 including abbreviations分米 decimeter 厘米 centimeter海里 knot2.248 码 yard2.249 磅 pound(1b) 磅/平方英寸 pound per square inch(ppsi)英制热量单位 British thermal unit (BTU)马力 horsepower压强 intensity of pressure 帕斯卡 Pascal(Pa)千帕 kpa 兆帕 Mpa粘度 viscosity帕斯卡秒泊 poise 厘泊 centipoises焦耳 joule(J) 千瓦时 kilowatt-hour(kwh)特斯拉 tesla(T) 高斯 gaue(Gs)奥斯特 oersted(0e) 库仑 coulomb(C) 微微库 Pico-coulomb(PC)达因dyne摄氏度 Celsius, centigrade(℃)开尔文 Kelvin 法拉 farad(F)皮可法拉 pico-farad(pF)立方分米 cubic decimeter立方厘米 cubic centimeter桶 barrel 石油 petroleum标准国际单位制 standard international unit厘米-克秒单位制 CGS unit环境设备 ambience apparatus校验 calibration兼容性 compatibility扩散系数 diffusion coefficient故障 fault公顷 hectarePART3 典型产品结构芯式，内铁式 core type壳式，外铁式 shell type铁心 core磁路 magnetic circuit线圈 winding, coil高压线圈 HV winding中压线圈 MV winding低压线圈 LV winding调压线圈 tapped winding, regulating winding高压引线 high-voltage leads中压引线 mid-voltage leads低压引线 low-voltage leads夹件 clamping frame上部夹件 upper clamping下部夹件 lower clamping线圈压紧螺栓winding compressing bolt线圈压紧装置winding compressing device 线圈端部绝缘 end insulation of winding器身定位装置 positioning device for active-part定位装置 fixing device铁心垫脚 foot-plate of core垫脚 foot-pad分接引线 tapping leads, tap leads引线支架 supporting frame for leads 无励磁分接开关 non-excitation tap-changer无载分接开关 off-circuit tap-changer 分接选择器 tap selector有载分接开关 on-load tap-changer(OLTC) on-circuit tap-changer 切换开关 diverter switch选择开关 selector switch转换选择器 change-over selector粗选择器 coarse tap selector触头组 set of contacts过度触头 transition contacts过度阻抗 transition impedance有载开关操纵机构 operating mechanism of OLTC驱动机构 driving mechanism电动机构 motor drive垂直转动轴 vertical driving shaft水平转动轴 horizontal driving shaft 伞尺轮盒 bevel gear box防雨罩 drip-proof cap联轴节 coupling最大分接 maximum tapping最小分接 minimum tapping额定分接 rated tapping, principal tapping固定分接位置数 number of inherent tapping positions工作分接位置数number of service tapping positions主分接 principal tap, main tap正分接 plus tapping负分接 minus tapping分接变换操作 tap-changer operation 分接位置指示器 tap position indicator 线圈分接电压 tapping voltage of a winding线圈分接电流 tapping current of a winding线圈分接容量 tapping power of a winding分接范围 tapping range 分接量 tapping quantities分接因子 tapping factor分接工作能力 tapping duty分接线 tapping step分接线 tapping connection分接引线 tapping lead小车支架及滚轮 bogie frame and wheel箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim垫脚垫块 supporting block for foot-pad 联管接头 tube connector联接法兰 connecting flange加强筋，加强板 stiffener油箱垂直加强铁 vertical stiffening channel of tank wall油箱活门 oil sampling valve放油活门 oil drainningvalve冷却器 cooler集中安装 concentrated installation集中安装强油循环风冷器concentrated installation of forced-oil circulating air cooler冷却器进口 inlet of cooler冷却器出口 outlet of cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump油流继电器 oil flow relay净油器 oil filter虹吸净油器 oil siphon filter散热器 radiator片式散热器 panel type radiator管式散热器 tubular radiator放油塞 oil draining plug放气塞 air exhausting plug蝶阀 radiator valve butterfly valve风扇支架 supporting frame for fan motors风扇及电机 fan and motor风扇接线盒 connecting box for fan motors储油柜 conservator油位计 oil-level indicator气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz realy 皮托继电器 pitot relay储油柜联管 elbow joint for conservator 有载开关用储油柜 conservator for OLTC 有载开关用气体继电器 gas relay for OLTC联管 tube connector吸湿器 dehydrating breather铭牌 rating plate温度计 thermometer指示仪表柜 cabinet panel for indicating instruments风扇控制柜 cabinet panel for fan motor control压力释放阀 pressure-relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pope膨胀器 expander主排气导管 main gas-conduit分支导气管 branching gas-conduit滤油界面 tube connector for oil-filter 温度计座 thermometer socket储油柜支架 supporting frame for conservator高压套管 HV bushing高压套管均压球 equipotential shielding for HV bushing高压零相套管 HV neutral bushing, HV bushing phase0中压套管 MV bushing中压零相套管 MV neutral bushing, MV bushing phase0低压套管 LV bushing接地套管 earthing bushing极性 polarity极化 polarization高压套管储油柜 conservator for HV bushing相间隔板 interphase insulating barrier 吊攀 lifting lug安装轨道 installation rail相序标志牌 designation mark of phase sequence接地螺栓 earthing bolt视察窗 inspection hole手孔 handhole人孔 manholeMR有载开关 MR OLTCABB 有载开关 ABB OLTC伊林有载开关 ELIN OLTC3.129 F&套管 F&G bushingPART4 铁心结构多框式铁心 multi-frame type core 三相三柱铁心 three-phase three-limb core三相五柱铁心 three-phase five-limb core卷铁心 wound core冷轧晶粒取向硅钢片 cold-rolled grain-oriented silicon sheet steel晶粒 crystalline grain高导磁硅钢片 HI-B silicon sheet steel 铁心片 core lamination一迭铁心 a lamination stock铁心迭积图 lamination drawing, lamination diagram迭片 lamination迭片系数 lamination factor空间利用系数 space factor层间绝缘 layer insulation斜接缝 mitring45°斜接缝45°mitred joint斜接缝的交错排列方式 over-lay arrangement for mitred joints of lamination重迭 overlap铁心油通 oil-duct of core铁心气道 air ventilating duct of core阶梯接缝 stepped lay joint对接铁心 butt jointed core渐开线铁心 evolute core, involute core 空气隙 air gap铁心拉板 tensile plate of core limb, core drawplate铁心柱 core limb, core lge轭，铁轭 yoke上轭 upper yoke下轭 lower yoke旁轭 side yoke, return yoke环氧绑扎带 epoxy-bonded bandage轭拉带 yoke tensile belt铁轭拉带 banded band of core yoke上轭顶梁 top jointing beam of upper yoke侧梁 side beam夹件 clamping frame铁心夹件 core clamps, coreframe铁轭夹件 yoke clamping, yoke clamps 上夹件 upper yoke clamping, upper yoke clamps下夹件 lower yoke clampings, lower yoke clamps 夹件腹板 web of yoke clamping夹件肢板 limb of yoke clamping夹件加强 stiffening plate of clamping 压线圈的压钉 winding compressing bolt压钉螺母 nut for compressing bolt弹簧压钉 compressing bolt with spring 油缸压钉 compressing bolt with hydraulic damper线圈支撑架 winding supporter线圈支撑架 winding supporting plate 垫脚 foot pad定位孔 positioning hole带螺母的定位柱 positioning stud拉螺杆 tensile rod夹件夹紧螺杆 yoke clamping bolt铁心接地片 core earthing strip铁心地屏 earthing screen of code旁轭地屏 earthing screen of side yoke 接地屏蔽 earthing shield铁心窗高 core window height中心距M center line distance M铁心中间距 center distance between lombs木垫块 wood padding block迭片系数 lamination factor铁心的级 stage of lamination stacks心柱外接圆 circumscribed circle of core leg铁心端面 core surface perpendicular to lamination木棒 wood bar, wood rod定位板 positioning platePART5 线圈结构圆筒式线圈 cylindrical winding层式线圈 layer winding饼式线圈 disk winding单层圆筒式线圈 single layer cylindrical winding双层圆筒式线圈 double layer cylindrical winding多层圆筒式线圈 multi-layer cylindrical winding大型层式线圈 large size long layer winding分段圆筒式线圈 sectional layer winding分段多层圆筒线圈 sectional multi-layer winding连续式线圈 continuous winding 半连续式线圈 semi-continuous winding纠结式线圈 interleaved winding纠结饼式线圈 interleaved disc winding 纠结—连续式线圈 interleaved-continuous winding部分纠结式线圈 partial-interleaved winding插花纠结式线圈 sandwich-interleaved winding内屏连续式线圈 innershield-continuous winding插入电容式线圈 capacitor shield winding高串联电容线圈 high series capacitance winding双饼式线圈 twin-disk winding交错式线圈 sandwich winding, staggered winding螺旋式线圈 helical winding, helix winding半螺旋式线圈 semi-helical winding单列螺旋式线圈 single-row helical winding双列螺旋式线圈 double-row helical winding三列螺旋式线圈 three-row helical winding短螺旋式线圈 short helical winding 螺旋式线圈引出端的固定 terminal fixing for helical winding分裂式线圈 split winding分段式线圈 sectional winding箔式线圈 foil winding全绝缘线圈 uniformly insulated winding分级绝缘线圈 gradedly insulated winding, winding with non-uniform insulation第三线圈 tertiary winding高压线圈 high-voltage winding中压线圈 mid-voltage winding, intermediate voltage winding低压线圈 low-voltage winding调压线圈 regulating winding, tapped winding辅助线圈 auxiliary winding平衡线圈 balance winding稳定线圈 stabilizing winding公共线圈 common winding串联线圈 series winding连耦线圈 coupling winding励磁线圈 exciting winding, energizing winding 一次线圈 primary winding二次线圈 secondary winding左绕 left-wound右绕 right-wound星形联结 star connection三角形联结 delta connection曲折形联结 zigzag connectionT形联结 scott connection开口三角形联结 open-delta connection 开口线圈 open winding线段 winding disk, winding section线层 winding layer匝绝缘 turn insulation层绝缘 layer insulation段绝缘 insulation between disks, section insulation端绝缘 end insulation顶部端环 top support ring分接头 tapping terminal分接区 tapping zone段间横垫块 radial spacer between disks燕尾垫块 chock燕尾撑条 dovetail strip垫块的厚度 spacer thickness垫块的宽度 spacer width撑条 stick, duct strip轴向撑条 axial strip油道 oil-duct, oil passage径向油道 radial oil-duct段间油道 oil-duct between disks段间过度联线 transfer connection between disks段间换位联线 transposed connection between disksS弯 S-bend线圈起始端 initial terminal of winding 线圈终端 final terminal of winding轴向深度 axial depth径向深度 radial depth绝缘纸筒 insulating cylinder匝间绝缘 turn insulation绝缘角环 insulating angled ring (collar ring)线匝间垫条insulating filling strips between turns分数匝fractional turn 整数匝 integer turn近似一圈 approximate roll并绕导线 parallel wound conductors 多股导线 multi-strand conductors电磁线 electro-magnetic conductor组合导线 composite conductor换位导线 transposed conductor, transposed cable纸包线 paper wrapped conductor纸包导线 covered conductor漆包线 enameled conductor圆线 round wire硬拉铜导线 hard drawn copper conductor退火导线 annealed conductor玻璃丝包线 glass-fiber covered conductor纸槽 paper channel绑线 binding wire绑绳 binding rope静电板 electrostatic plate静电环 electrostatic ring端部电容环 capacitive layer end ring 端部电容屏 capacitive layer end screen屏蔽环 shielding ring屏蔽线 shielding conductor屏蔽角环 shroud petal绝缘包扎 insulation wrapping线圈总高度 overall height of winding 铜线高度 copper height of winding线圈调整 trimming of winding线圈浸漆 varnish impregnation of winding线圈的换位 transposition of winding 标准换位 standard transposition分组换位 transposition by groups线圈展开图 planiform drawing of winding线圈的干燥与压缩 drying and compressing of winding绝缘的压缩收缩率 shrinkage of insulation under compression无氧铜导线 deoxygenized copper conductor铝合金导线 aluminum-alloy conductor PART6 油箱结构及附件钟罩式油箱 bell type tank上节油箱 upper part of tank下节油箱 bottom part of tank 箱壁 tank wall带磁屏箱壁 tank wall with magnetic shield箱底 tank bottom箱盖 tank cover箱沿 tank rim箱沿护框 pad frame for tank rim gasket 边缘垫片 rim加强筋,加强板 stiffener联管头 tube connecting flange放油活门 draining valve油样活门 oil sampling valve油样活塞 oil sampling plug闸阀 gate valve蝶阀 butterfly valve球阀 ball valve压力释放阀 pressure relief valve安全气道 explosion-proof pipe真空接头 connecting flange for evacuation滤油接头 connecting flange for oil filter水银温度计 pocket for mercury thermometer铭牌底板 base plate of rating plate手孔 handhole人孔 manhole6.27 升高座 ascending flanged base turret吊攀 lifting lug千斤顶支座 jacking lug定位钉 positioning pin盖板 cover plate临时盖板 temporary cover plate带隔膜储油柜 conservator with rubber diaphragm带胶囊储油柜 conservator with rubber bladder沉淀盒 precipitation well导气管 air exhausting pipe导油管 oil conduit吊环 lifting eyebolt有围栏的梯子 ladder with balustrade 适形油箱 form-fit tank呼吸器 breather气体继电器 gas relay, buchholz relay 皮托继电器 pitot relay流动继电器 flow relay 风冷却器air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷却器托架 bracket for cooler冷却器拉杆 tensile rod for cooler潜油泵 oil-submerged pump流量 flow quantity扬程 lift控制箱 control box控制盘 control panel端子箱 terminal box端子排 terminal block风扇接线盒 connecting box for fan-motors金属软管 metallic hose封闭母线联结法兰 joint flange for enclosed bus-bar管式油位指示器 tubular oil-level indicator磁铁式油位指示器 magnetic type oil-level indicatorPART7 铁心制造产品制造 manufacturing of products 硅钢片纵剪 silicon steel sheet slitting 硅钢片横剪 silicon steel sheet cutting to length多刀滚剪机 multi-disk-cutter slitting machine纵剪 slitting横剪 cut-to-length纵剪生产线 slitting line横剪生产线 cut-to-length line开卷机 decoiler毛刺 burr铁心片预迭 pre-stacking of core lamination铁心迭装 core assembly铁心迭片 core lamination选片 pre-selection of lamination迭片 lamination stacking两片一迭 stacked by two-sheet打（敲）齐 knock to even迭装流转台 core assembly tilting platform不迭上轭 core stacking without upper yoke打铁心用垫块 knock block铁心料盘 lamination stocking tray卷铁心机 core winding machine铁心退火 core annealing 铁心中间试验 interprocess core test片的角度偏差 angular misalignment of lamination宽度偏差 width deviation长度偏差 length deviation铁心的垂直度 verticality of core铁心起立 tilt the core into vertical position迭片的定位挡板 positioning stopper for core assembly硅钢片的涂漆 varnish coating of silicon steel sheet片间绝缘试验 lamination insulation test半导体粘带 semi-conductive adhesive tape半干环氧粘带 semi-cured epoxy adhesive tape粘带的固化 cure of adhesive tape夹紧铁心工具 clamping tools for core 铁心柱的夹紧装置 tightening device for core leg铁心翻转台 tilting platform of core螺旋千斤顶 screw jack水平尺 level gauge, level instrument专用套筒搬手 special socket spanner迭片的工艺孔 punching hole on the lamination for manufacturing purpose 迭板导棒 guiding bar for core assembly力短搬手 torque spanner, torque wrench角度测量平台 angular measuring platform切口防锈漆 antirust coating for cutting edges铁心的油道撑条 strips for core oil-ducts撑条粘结 sticking of strips级间衬纸 insulating paper between core stages冲孔模 hole punching die缺口模 notch punching die皮裙 leather apron防护袖 protective sleeve护臂 shoulder guard护腿 shin guardPART8 线圈制造绕线机，卷线机 winding machine卧式绕线机 horizontal winding machine立式绕线机 vertical winding machine 绕盘架 bracket for conductor drums, bracket for wire drums导线盘 conductor drum, wire drum导线拉紧装置 conductor tensile device, wire tensile device导线复绕机 conductor rewind machine 导线矫直机 conductor straightening machine可调节绕线模 adjustable winding drum装配式绕线模 fabricated winding drum 钢板筒绕线模 steel-plate rolled winding drum模子直径 former diameter线圈外径 OD (outside diameter) of winding线圈内径 ID (inside diameter) of winding半径 radius木撑条 wood supporting strips绝缘撑条 insulating strips撑条号 number of the strip, number of chock line正段线饼 normally wound disks反段线饼 reversely wound disks临时段线饼 temporarily wound disksS型弯 crossover匝数器 winding-turn recorder线圈的导线 winding conductor线圈内部的导线焊接 welding of conductors within the winding碰焊 butt welding焊接导线用的碰焊机 butt welder for conductor joint铜焊 brazing welding铜电焊 electric brazing脚控点焊机 foot-operated spot welder 附加绝缘 additional insulation出头固定 winding terminal fixing出头锁紧 winding terminal fastening 打圈出头 terminal end out by looping 拿弯工具 bending tool线圈夹具 clamping tool for winding 线圈翻转架 tilting frame for winding 扁嘴钳 flat nosed pliers8.39 克丝钳 wire-cutting pliers钳锤 plummet恒压干燥 drying under constant compression线圈压板 winding compression plates 拉紧螺杆 tensile screw rod弹簧压梁 spring compression木垫块 wood padding block铝垫块 aluminum padding block线圈的稳定处理 isostatic treatment of winding股间绝缘试验 insulation test between strands导线包纸 insulation wrapping of conductor纸带盘 paper tape reels包纸机 wrapping machine立式包纸机 vertical paper wrapping machine卧式包纸机 horizontal paper wrapping machine恒湿箱 humidistat裁纸机 paper slitting machine螺旋柱形弹簧 helical spring碟形弹簧，盘形弹簧 Belleville spring washer皱纹纸带 crepe paper tape金属编织带 metal wire woven tape线圈干燥后的整理 trimming of winding after drying卧式真空干燥罐 side-loading vacuum drying autoclave立式真空干燥罐 top-loading vacuum drying autoclave线圈油压机 hydraulic press for winding多根撑条铣切机 muli-strip milling cutter线圈的传递及保管 conveyance and storage of windingPART 9 油箱制造钢板表面预处理 steel plate surface pre-processing划线 layout园形样板 circular template剪切 shearing刨边 edge shaping气割 gas cutting自动气割 automatic gas cutting等离子切割 plasma cutting切割机 cutting machine多用切割机 universal cutting machine 气焊把 welding torch, welding blowpipe割咀 cutting nozzle焊咀 welding nozzle 焊条 welding rod焊剂 welding paste, welding flux焊接桌 welding bench焊接用保护镜 welding goggles瓶推车 cylinder trpolley折板机 bending press, bending braks 液压折板机 hydraulic bending press, hydraulic bending brake交流电弧焊 alternation arc welding自动电焊 automatic electric arc welding埋弧自动焊 automatic submerged-arc weldingCO保护焊 CO protected welding氩弧焊 argon protected welding惰性气体供应 inert-gas supply, shielding-gas supply惰性气体焊枪 inert-gas torch for inert-gas welding乙炔焊 acetylene乙炔瓶 acetylene cylinder乙炔气界面 gas connection, acetylene connection瓦斯控制 gas control, acetylene control 瓦斯管 gas hose氧气瓶 oxygen cylinder氧气界面 oxygen connection氧气管 oxygen hose氧化 oxidation高压压力表 high-pressure manometer 低压压力表 low-pressure manometer 水箱 water hank原子氢焊 atomic hydrogen arc welding 电焊工 arc welder, welder容器焊工 boilermaker电焊面罩 arc welding helmet五把手套 five-fingered welding glove 焊把臂 electrode arm焊条把 electrode holder电焊条压力缸 electrode-pressure cylinder电焊条 filler rod填充物 filler角焊 fillet测厚仪 fillet gauge, , weld gauge型材冷弯机 cold bending machine for profiles弯管机 pipe bending machine 钢管压弯模 bending die for steel tube 双动冲床 double-action punching machine龙门冲床 double column punching machine单点液压矫正机 single pole correction press移动式摇臂钻床 movable radial drilling machine深喉冲床 deep-throat punching machine夹件焊装翻转架 revolving fixture for core clamping fabrication焊接变位架 welding transposition fixture小转台 small turntable螺杆桩焊机 stud welder点焊机 spot welder缝焊机 seam welder多点焊机 multi-point spot welder端面车床 surface lathe油箱试漏 leakage test for tank油箱强度试验 strength test for tank真空强度试验 vacuum test for tank煤油着色试漏 coloured kerosene leakage test。
某变电所毕业设计的中英文对照(中英文翻译)
摘要XF 110KV变电所是地区重要变电所，是电力系统110KV电压等级的重要部分。
其设计分为电气一次部分和电气二次部分设计。
一次部分由说明书，计算书与电气工程图组成，说明书和计算书包括变电所总体分析;负荷分析与主变选择;电气主接线设计;短路电流计算;电气设备选择;配电装置选择;变电所总平设计及防雷保护设计。
二次部分由说明书，计算书与电气工程图组成。
说明书和计算书包括整体概述;线路保护的整定计算;主变压器的保护整定计算;电容器的保护整定计算;母线保护和所用变保护设计。
计算书和电气工程图为附录部分。
其中一次部分电气AutoCAD制图六张；二次部分为四张手工制图。
本变电所设计为毕业设计课题，以巩固大学所学知识。
通过本次设计，使我对电气工程及其自动化专业的主干课程有一个较为全面，系统的掌握，增强了理论联系实际的能力，提高了工程意识，锻炼了我独立分析和解决电力工程设计问题的能力，为未来的实际工作奠定了必要的基础。
关键词: Ⅰ、变电所Ⅱ、变压器Ⅲ、继电保护AbstractXF county 110KV substation is an important station in this distract, which is one of the extremely necessary parts of the 110KV network in electric power system.The design of the substation can be separated in two parts: primary part and secondary part of the electric design.The first part consists of specifications, computation book and Electrical engineering drawings about the design. The specifications has several parts which are General analysis of the station, Load analysis, The selection of the main transformer, Layout of configuration, Computation of short circuit; Select of electricdevices, Power distribution devices, General design of substation plane and the design of thunderbolt protection.The second part also consists of specifications, computation book and electrical drawings about the design。
电气工程与自动化专业变压器电力变压器的选择和冷却及断路器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目： 1.变压器2.电力变压器的选择和冷却3.断路器文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：电气工程与自动化班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：《Special English for Architectural ElectricEngineering and Automation》文献、资料来源：期刊（著作、网络等）外文文献一：TransformerOne of the most valuable apparatus in electric power system is the transformer, for it enables us to utilize different voltage levels across the system for the most economical value. Generation of power at the synchronous machine level is normally at a relatively low voltage，which is most desirable economically．Stepping up of this generated voltage to high voltage，extra-high voltage or even to ultra-high voltage is done through power transformers to suit the power transmission requirement to minimize losses and increase the transmission capacity of the lines．This transmission voltage level is then stepped down in many stages for distribution and utilization purposes．A transformer is a static device for transferring electric energy from one circuit to another electromagnetically，that is，by induction instead of by conduction．Its usual function is to transfer energy between circuits of different voltage．A transformer has amagnetic core on which there are two or more windings．These windings are insulated from each other and from ground．In autotransformers，however，the windings are connected together．The assembly of core and coils is normally insulated and cooled by immersion in mineral oil or other suitable liquid within an enclosing tank．Connection to the windings is by means of insulating bushings，usually through the cover.The “ratio of transformation” is determined by the relative number of turns in each of he windings．This is known as the “turn ratio” and it is the ratio of the no-load voltages．When the unit is carrying load, the ratio of the actual voltages is slightly different because of the drop caused by the flow of 1oad current through the impedance of the transformer windings．At rated load, this drop is known as the "voltage regulation". The amount of voltage drop varies with the power factor of the output even when the kilovolt-amperes remain constant．Practically all power transformers and many distribution transformers have taps in one or more windings for changing the turn ratio．Changing the ratio is desirable for two reasons to compensate for varying voltage drop in the system and to assure that the transformer operates as nearly as possible at the correct core density．For the latter purpose, the taps should be in the winding subject to the voltage variation. De-energized tap changers are used when it is expected that the ratio will need to be changed only infrequently, because of load growth or some seasonal change．The desired tap is selected by means of a ratio adjuster(no load taps)．Load tap changer(LTC)is used when changes in ratio may be frequent or when it is undesirable to de-energize the transformer to change a tap．It seldom makes much difference to the user which winding or windings are tapped；therefore，the choice is usually made by the designer on the basis of cost and good design. Both winding current and voltage must be considered when applying LTC equipment．High voltage and high current applications require special considerations to arrive at an optimum location for the LTC equipment．Step down units usually have LTC in the low-voltage winding and de-energized taps in the high voltage winding．When energy is to be transferred between two circuits of nearly the samevoltage．The use of autotransformers affords cost savings over two-winding units．The nearer the voltages are to each other, the smaller will be the autotransformer per kilovolt-ampere of output，and the greater the savings．The simplicity of phasing out systems has increased its use．Most autotransformers are Y-connected，and it has been a standard American practice to add a low capacity, delta winding．This is frequently referred to as a “delta tertiary“．Its primary purpose has been to provide an internal path for the third harmonic currents (required for excitation)，thus reducing those currents on the power system．It also helps to stabilize the neutral and to ground the system better．In recent years，the use of shielded telephone cable has reduced the requirements for the delta tertiary. Because an autotransformer does not afford electrical separation between the two circuits, disturbances originating on one circuit can be communicated to the other．This difficulty is minimized by solidly grounding the neutral of the autotransformer. Solidly grounding the neutral，however, causes(among other things)current of short-circuit magnitude to flow through the delta-connected tertiary winding during ground faults on either system. Autotransformers are not inherently self-protecting and, therefore，all windings must be examined for mechanical strength as applied to the system where they will be used . Tertiaries are normally 35％of the physical size of the largest winding of the autotransformer, unless otherwise specified by the user.The bulk of a11 transformers，except for large extra-high voltage(EHV)and distribution units are three-phase units．In the early days of the industry，It was almost universal practice in the United States to use three single-phase units connected in a three-phase bank．Insulation clearances and shipping limitations for certain large EHV units now require this design．The distribution systems serve mainly single-phase loads in residential areas and are served from single-phase transformers．中文译文一：变压器在电力系统中最有价值的一个装置是变压器,因为它使我们能够在系统中利用不同的电压水平获得最经济的价值。
关于变压器厂房设备的翻译毕业设计
关于变压器厂房设备的翻译毕业设计湖南外国语职业学院Hunan College of Foreign Studies2015 届毕业设计课题名称：关于变压器厂房设备的翻译专业系（院）：多语系专业：应用葡萄牙语学生姓名：毛宁班级： 1201学号：120235030136职称：讲师指导教师姓名：雷思蒙最终评定成绩：教务处制2015年5月目录毕业设计课题任务书毕业设计开题报告毕业设计毕业设计中期报告毕业设计指导教师评阅表毕业设计答辩记录表毕业设计答辩及最终成绩评定表2015 届学生毕业设计课题任务书专业系（院）名称：多语系专业（方向）：应用葡萄牙语 2014年12 月 10 日湖南外国语职业学院Hunan College of Foreign Studies毕业设计开题报告（2015届）题目名称：关于变压器厂房设备的翻译专业系（院）：多语系专业：应用葡萄牙语学生姓名：毛宁班级： 1201学号：120235030136职称：讲师指导教师姓名：雷思蒙最终评定成绩：2014年12月10日1.结合毕业设计任务情况，查阅文献资料，撰写500个字左右的毕业设计简介选题的社会意义及现实意义：中国是个贸易大国，掌握小语种就能和具体的贸易国商人沟通，了解更多的外国习俗、文化，方便更好的交流沟通。
随着经济全球化的推进，翻译成为人们沟通的桥梁。
更是随着电力的不断更新，变压器行业的不断发展，越来越多的企业进入变压器行业，也有很多企业脱颖而出，例如鸣远变压器始创于21世纪初由合资股份组建一家专业致力变压器、电抗器、滤波器等研发、生产厂家，经过近十年发展现已成为行业为数不多先进技术引领者和开拓者。
2．选题背景及依据、毕业设计主要内容、毕业设计思路及方案（500字左右）选题背景及依据：随着中国经济持续健康高速发展，电力需求持续快速增长。
2011年全国全社会用电量4.69万亿千瓦时，比上年增长11.7%，消费需求依然旺盛。
人均用电量3483千瓦时，比上年增加351千瓦时，超过世界平均水平。
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变压器摘要：变压器是变电所的主要设备，功能是实现电网电压的等级变换，基本工作原理是电磁感应。
变配电所是实现电压等级变换和电能分配的场所。
对供电电源进行电压等级变换，应对电能进行重新分配的场所称为变电所。
建筑变电所是供配电系统的枢纽，供电电源由电网引到变电所，在变电所完成降压，电能分配等功能。
1. 介绍要从远端发电厂送出电能，必须应用高压输电。
因为最终的负荷，在一些点高电压必须降低。
变压器能使电力系统各个部分运行在电压不同的等级。
本文我们讨论的原则和电力变压器的应用。
2. 双绕组变压器变压器的最简单形式包括两个磁通相互耦合的固定线圈。
两个线圈之所以相互耦合，是因为它们连接着共同的磁通。
在电力应用中，使用层式铁芯变压器(本文中提到的)。
变压器是高效率的，因为它没有旋转损失，因此在电压等级转换的过程中，能量损失比较少。
典型的效率范围在92到99%，上限值适用于大功率变压器。
从交流电源流入电流的一侧被称为变压器的一次侧绕组或者是原边。
它在铁圈中建立了磁通φ，它的幅值和方向都会发生周期性的变化。
磁通连接的第二个绕组被称为变压器的二次侧绕组或者是副边。
磁通是变化的；因此依据楞次定律，电磁感应在二次侧产生了电压。
变压器在原边接收电能的同时也在向副边所带的负荷输送电能。
这就是变压器的作用。
3. 变压器的工作原理当二次侧电路开路是，即使原边被施以正弦电压V p，也是没有能量转移的。
外加电压在一次侧绕组中产生一个小电流Iθ。
这个空载电流有两项功能：（1）在铁芯中产生电磁通，该磁通在零和 φm之间做正弦变化，φm是铁芯磁通的最大值；（2）它的一个分量说明了铁芯中的涡流和磁滞损耗。
这两种相关的损耗被称为铁芯损耗。
变压器空载电流Iθ一般大约只有满载电流的2%—5%。
因为在空载时，原边绕组中的铁芯相当于一个很大的电抗，空载电流的相位大约将滞后于原边电压相位90º。
显然可见电流分量I m= I0sinθ0，被称做励磁电流，它在相位上滞后于原边电压V P 90º。
就是这个分量在铁芯中建立了磁通；因此磁通φ与I m同相。
第二个分量I e =I 0sinθ0，与原边电压同相。
这个电流分量向铁芯提供用于损耗的电流。
两个相量的分量和代表空载电流，即I 0 = I m + I e应注意的是空载电流是畸变和非正弦形的。
这种情况是非线性铁芯材料造成的。
如果假定变压器中没有其他的电能损耗一次侧的感应电动势E p 和二次侧的感应电压E s 可以表示出来。
因为一次侧绕组中的磁通会通过二次绕组，依据法拉第电磁感应定律，二次侧绕组中将产生一个电动势E ，即E=NΔφ/Δt 。
相同的磁通会通过原边自身，产生一个电动势E p 。
正如前文中讨论到的，所产生的电压必定滞后于磁通90º，因此，它于施加的电压有180º的相位差。
因为没有电流流过二次侧绕组，E s =V s 。
一次侧空载电流很小，仅为满载电流的百分之几。
因此原边电压很小，并且V p 的值近乎等于E p 。
原边的电压和它产生的磁通波形是正弦形的；因此产生电动势E p 和E s 的值是做正弦变化的。
产生电压的平均值如下E avg = turns×给定时间内磁通变化量给定时间即是法拉第定律在瞬时时间里的应用。
它遵循E avg = N 21/(2)m f = 4fNφm 其中N 是指线圈的匝数。
从交流电原理可知，有效值是一个正弦波，其值为平均电压的1.11倍；因此E = 4.44fNφm因为一次侧绕组和二次侧绕组的磁通相等，所以绕组中每匝的电压也相同。
因此E p = 4.44fN p φm并且E s = 4.44fN s φm其中N p 和E s 是一次侧绕组和二次侧绕组的匝数。
一次侧和二次侧电压增长的比率称做变比。
用字母a 来表示这个比率，如下式 a = p sE E = p s N N 假设变压器输出电能等于其输入电能——这个假设适用于高效率的变压器。
实际上我们是考虑一台理想状态下的变压器；这意味着它没有任何损耗。
因此P m = P out或者V p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PF这里PF 代表功率因素。
在上面公式中一次侧和二次侧的功率因素是相等的；因此V p I p = V s I s从上式我们可以得知p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a 它表明端电压比等于匝数比，换句话说，一次侧和二次侧电流比与匝数比成反比。
匝数比可以衡量二次侧电压相对于一次恻电压是升高或者是降低。
为了计算电压，我们需要更多数据。
终端电压的比率变化有些根据负载和它的功率因素。
实际上, 变比从标识牌数据获得, 列出在满载情况下原边和副边电压。
当副边电压V s 相对于原边电压减小时，这个变压器就叫做降压变压器。
如果这个电压是升高的，它就是一个升压变压器。
在一个降压变压器中传输变比a 远大于1(a>1.0)，同样的，一个升压变压器的变比小于1(a<1.0)。
当a=1时，变压器的二次侧电压就等于起一次侧电压。
这是一种特殊类型的变压器，可被应用于当一次侧和二次侧需要相互绝缘以维持相同的电压等级的状况下。
因此，我们把这种类型的变压器称为绝缘型变压器。
显然，铁芯中的电磁通形成了连接原边和副边的回路。
在第四部分我们会了解到当变压器带负荷运行时一次侧绕组电流是如何随着二次侧负荷电流变化而变化的。
从电源侧来看变压器，其阻抗可认为等于V p / I p 。
从等式 p s V V = p s I I ≌ p s E E ≌ a 中我们可知V p = aV s 并且I p = I s /a 。
根据V s 和I s ，可得V p 和I p 的比例是p p V I = /s s aV I a = 2s sa V I 但是V s / I s 负荷阻抗Z L ，因此我们可以这样表示Z m (primary) = a 2Z L这个等式表明二次侧连接的阻抗折算到电源侧，其值为原来的a 2倍。
我们把这种折算方式称为负载阻抗向一次侧的折算。
这个公式应用于变压器的阻抗匹配。
4. 有载情况下的变压器一次侧电压和二次侧电压有着相同的极性，一般习惯上用点记号表示。
如果点号同在线圈的上端，就意味着它们的极性相同。
因此当二次侧连接着一个负载时，在瞬间就有一个负荷电流沿着这个方向产生。
换句话说，极性的标注可以表明当电流流过两侧的线圈时，线圈中的磁动势会增加。
因为二次侧电压的大小取决于铁芯磁通大小φ0，所以很显然当正常情况下负载电势E s 没有变化时，二次侧电压也不会有明显的变化。
当变压器带负荷运行时，将有电流I s流过二次侧，因为E s产生的感应电动势相当于一个电压源。
二次侧电流产生的磁动势N s I s会产生一个励磁。
这个磁通的方向在任何一个时刻都和主磁通反向。
当然，这是楞次定律的体现。
因此，N s I s所产生的磁动势会使主磁通φ0减小。
这意味着一次侧线圈中的磁通减少，因而它的电压E p将会增大。
感应电压的减小将使外施电压和感应电动势之间的差值更大，它将使初级线圈中流过更大的电流。
初级线圈中的电流I p的增大，意味着前面所说明的两个条件都满足：（1）输出功率将随着输出功率的增加而增加（2）初级线圈中的磁动势将增加，以此来抵消二次侧中的磁动势减小磁通的趋势。
总的来说，变压器为了保持磁通是常数，对磁通变化的响应是瞬时的。
更重要的是，在空载和满载时，主磁通φ0的降落是很少的（一般在）1至3%。
其需要的条件是E降落很多来使电流I p增加。
在一次侧，电流I p’在一次侧流过以平衡I s产生的影响。
它的磁动势N p I p’只停留在一次侧。
因为铁芯的磁通φ0保持不变，变压器空载时空载电流I0必定会为其提供能量。
故一次侧电流I p是电流I p’与I0’的和。
因为空载电流相对较小，那么一次侧的安匝数与二次侧的安匝数相等的假设是成立的。
因为在这种状况下铁芯的磁通是恒定的。
因此我们仍旧可以认定空载电流I0相对于满载电流是极其小的。
当一个电流流过二次侧绕组，它的磁动势（N s I s）将产生一个磁通，于空载电流I0产生的磁通φ0不同，它只停留在二次侧绕组中。
因为这个磁通不流过一次侧绕组，所以它不是一个公共磁通。
另外，流过一次侧绕组的负载电流只在一次侧绕组中产生磁通，这个磁通被称为一次侧的漏磁。
二次侧漏磁将使电压增大以保持两侧电压的平衡。
一次侧漏磁也一样。
因此，这两个增大的电压具有电压降的性质，总称为漏电抗电压降。
另外，两侧绕组同样具有阻抗，这也将产生一个电阻压降。
把这些附加的电压降也考虑在内，这样一个实际的变压器的等值电路图就完成了。
由于分支励磁体现在电流里，为了分析我们可以将它忽略。
这就符我们前面计算中可以忽略空载电流的假设。
这证明了它对我们分析变压器时所产生的影响微乎其微。
因为电压降与负载电流成比例关系，这就意味着空载情况下一次侧和二次侧绕组的电压降都为零。
TRANSFORMERAbstract: The transformer is the transformer substation majpor installation,the function realizes the network voltage rank transformation ,the key job principle is the electromagnetic induction.Changes the substation is realizes the voltage class transformation and the electrical energy assignment place .Carries on the voltage class transformation to the electric power supply,deals with the place which the electrical enrtgy carries on redistributes to be called the transformer substation.Constructs the transformer substation is for electrical power distribution system’s key position,the electric power supply directs the transformer substation form the electrical network,completes the voltage dropping in the transformer substation, functions and so on electrical energy assignment1. INTRODUCTIONThe high-voltage transmission was need for the case electrical power is to be provided at considerable distance from a generating station. At some point this high voltage must be reduced, because ultimately is must supply a load. The transformer makes it possible for various parts of a power system to operate at different voltage levels. In this paper we discuss power transformer principles and applications.2. TOW-WINDING TRANSFORMERSA transformer in its simplest form consists of two stationary coils coupled by a mutual magnetic flux. The coils are said to be mutually coupled because they link a common flux.In power applications, laminated steel core transformers (to which this paper is restricted) are used. Transformers are efficient because the rotational losses normally associated with rotating machine are absent, so relatively little power is lost when transforming power from one voltage level to another. Typical efficiencies are in the range 92 to 99%, the higher values applying to the larger power transformers.The current flowing in the coil connected to the ac source is called the primary winding or simply the primary. It sets up the flux φ in the core, wh ich varies periodically both in magnitude and direction. The flux links the second coil, called the secondary winding or simply secondary. The flux is changing; therefore, it induces a voltage in the secondary by electromagnetic induction in accordance wit h Lenz’s law. Thus the primary receives its power from the source while the secondary supplies thispower to the load. This action is known as transformer action.3. TRANSFORMER PRINCIPLESWhen a sinusoidal voltage V p is applied to the primary with the secondary open-circuited, there will be no energy transfer. The impressed voltage causes a small current Iθ to flow in the primary winding. This no-load current has two functions: (1) it produces the magnetic flux in the core, which varies sinusoidally between zero and φm, where φm is the maximum value of the core flux; and (2) it provides a component to account for the hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core. There combined losses are normally referred to as the core losses.The no-load current Iθ is usually few percent of the rated full-load current of the transformer (about 2 to 5%). Since at no-load the primary winding acts as a large reactance due to the iron core, the no-load current will lag the primary voltage by nearly 90º. It is readily seen that the current component I m= I0sinθ0, called the magnetizing current, is 90º in phase behind the primary voltage V P. It is this component that sets up the flux in the core; φ is therefore in phase with I m.The second component, I e=I0sinθ0, is in phase with the primary voltage. It is the current component that supplies the core losses. The phasor sum of these two components represents the no-load current, orI0 = I m+ I eIt should be noted that the no-load current is distortes and nonsinusoidal. This is the result of the nonlinear behavior of the core material.If it is assumed that there are no other losses in the transformer, the induced voltage In the primary, E p and that in the secondary, E s can be shown. Since the magnetic flux set up by the primary winding，there will be an induced EMF E in the secondary winding in accordance with Faraday’s law, namely, E=NΔφ/Δt. This same flux also links the primary itself, inducing in it an EMF, E p. As discussed earlier, the induced voltage must lag the flux by 90º, therefore, they are 180º out of phase with the applied voltage. Since no current flows in the secondary winding, E s=V s. The no-load primary current I0 is small, a few percent of full-load current. Thus the voltage in the primary is small and V p is nearly equal to E p. The primary voltage and the resulting flux are sinusoidal; thus the induced quantities E p and E s vary as a sine function. The average value of the induced voltage given byE avg = turns× change in flux in a given time given timewhich is Faraday’s law applied to a f inite time interval. It follows that E avg = N21/(2)m f = 4fNφm which N is the number of turns on the winding. Form ac circuit theory, the effective or root-mean-square (rms) voltage for a sine wave is 1.11 times the average voltage; thusE = 4.44fNφmSince the same flux links with the primary and secondary windings, the voltage per turn in each winding is the same. HenceE p = 4.44fN p φmandE s = 4.44fN s φmwhere E p and Es are the number of turn on the primary and secondary windings, respectively. The ratio of primary to secondary induced voltage is called the transformation ratio. Denoting this ratio by a, it is seen that a = p sE E = p s N N Assume that the output power of a transformer equals its input power, not a bad sumption in practice considering the high efficiencies. What we really are saying is that we are dealing with an ideal transformer; that is, it has no losses. ThusP m = P outorV p I p × primary PF = V s I s × secondary PFwhere PF is the power factor. For the above-stated assumption it means that the power factor on primary and secondary sides are equal; thereforeV p I p = V s I s from which is obtainedp s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a It shows that as an approximation the terminal voltage ratio equals the turns ratio. The primary and secondary current, on the other hand, are inversely related to the turns ratio. The turns ratio gives a measure of how much the secondary voltage is raised or lowered in relation to the primary voltage. To calculate the voltage regulation, we need more information.The ratio of the terminal voltage varies somewhat depending on the load and its power factor. In practice, the transformation ratio is obtained from the nameplate data, which list the primary and secondary voltage under full-load condition.When the secondary voltage V s is reduced compared to the primary voltage, the transformation is said to be a step-down transformer: conversely, if this voltage is raised, it is called a step-up transformer. In a step-down transformer the transformation ratio a is greater than unity (a>1.0), while for a step-up transformer it is smaller than unity (a<1.0). In the event that a=1, the transformer secondary voltage equals the primary voltage. This is a special type of transformer used in instances where electrical isolation is required between the primary and secondary circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. Therefore, this transformer is generally knows as an isolation transformer.As is apparent, it is the magnetic flux in the core that forms the connecting link between primary and secondary circuit. In section 4 it is shown how the primary winding current adjusts itself to the secondary load current when the transformer supplies a load.Looking into the transformer terminals from the source, an impedance is seen which by definition equals V p / I p . From p s V V = p s I I ≌ p sE E ≌ a , we have V p = aV s and I p = I s /a.In terms of V s and I s the ratio of V p to I p isp p V I = /s s aV I a = 2s sa V I But V s / I s is the load impedance Z L thus we can say thatZ m (primary) = a 2Z LThis equation tells us that when an impedance is connected to the secondary side, it appears from the source as an impedance having a magnitude that is a 2 times its actual value. We say that the load impedance is reflected or referred to the primary. It is this property of transformers that is used in impedance-matching applications.4. TRANSFORMERS UNDER LOADThe primary and secondary voltages shown have similar polarities, as indicated by the “dot-making ” convention. The dots near the upper ends of the windings have the same meaning as in circuit theory; the marked terminals have the same polarity. Thus when a load is connected to the secondary, the instantaneous load current is in the direction shown. In other words, the polarity markings signify that when positivecurrent enters both windings at the marked terminals, the MMFs of the two windings add.Since the secondary voltage depends on the core flux φ0, it must be clear that the flux should not change appreciably if E s is to remain essentially constant under normal loading conditions. With the load connected, a current I s will flow in the secondary circuit, because the induced EMF E s will act as a voltage source. The secondary current produces an MMF N s I s that creates a flux. This flux has such a direction that at any instant in time it opposes the main flux that created it in the first place. Of course, this is Lenz’s law in action. Thus the MMF represented by N s I s tends to reduce the core flux φ0. This means that the flux linking the primary winding reduces and consequently the primary induced voltage E p, This reduction in induced voltage causes a greater difference between the impressed voltage and the counter induced EMF, thereby allowing more current to flow in the primary. The fact that primary current I p increases means that the two conditions stated earlier are fulfilled: (1) the power input increases to match the power output, and (2) the primary MMF increases to offset the tendency of the secondary MMF to reduce the flux.In general, it will be found that the transformer reacts almost instantaneously to keep the resultant core flux essentially constant. Moreover, the core flux φ0 drops very slightly between n o load and full load (about 1 to 3%), a necessary condition if E p is to fall sufficiently to allow an increase in I p.On the primary side, I p’is the current that flows in the primary to balance the demagnetizing effect of I s. Its MMF N p I p’ sets up a flux linking the primary only. Since the core flux φ0remains constant. I0must be the same current that energizes the transformer at no load. The primary current I p is therefore the sum of the current I p’ and I0.Because the no-load current is relatively small, it is correct to assume that the primary ampere-turns equal the secondary ampere-turns, since it is under this condition that the core flux is essentially constant. Thus we will assume that I0 is negligible, as it is only a small component of the full-load current.When a current flows in the secondary winding, the resulting MMF (N s I s) creates a separate flux, apart from the flux φ0 produced by I0, which links the secondary winding only. This flux does no link with the primary winding and is therefore not a mutual flux.In addition, the load current that flows through the primary winding creates a flux that links with the primary winding only; it is called the primary leakage flux. The secondary- leakage flux gives rise to an induced voltage that is not counter balanced byan equivalent induced voltage in the primary. Similarly, the voltage induced in the primary is not counterbalanced in the secondary winding. Consequently, these two induced voltages behave like voltage drops, generally called leakage reactance voltage drops. Furthermore, each winding has some resistance, which produces a resistive voltage drop. When taken into account, these additional voltage drops would complete the equivalent circuit diagram of a practical transformer. Note that the magnetizing branch is shown in this circuit, which for our purposes will be disregarded. This follows our earlier assumption that the no-load current is assumed negligible in our calculations. This is further justified in that it is rarely necessary to predict transformer performance to such accuracies. Since the voltage drops are all directly proportional to the load current, it means that at no-load conditions there will be no voltage drops in either winding.。