(完整版)虚拟语气倒装(讲解+练习)

虚拟语气

有些条件句是可能实现的，称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿.请求，设想，等未能或不可能实现的事实，或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型，即由if引导的虚拟条件句，省略if的倒装形式，可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句的句型，以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without， but for等介词引导的短语或句子.

主要用法

1). 主语从句，同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法.

2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法，尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法.

3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法，应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点.

4). would rather（=wish）等结构中虚拟语气的用法.

5). if only（如果。。。就好了）结构中虚拟语气的用法.

6). But， or， otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法.

7). It’s time (that)（早该。。。。）等结构中虚拟语气的用法.

1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用

(1) 虚拟语气现在时，用以表示与现在/将来事实相反的假设或现在实

现可能性不大的情况.

Eg. If I were a bird， I would fly to you.

If it is not for their help， we shall be in a very difficult position.

If it were not for their help， we should be in a very difficult position.

If I had seen the film, I would…..

(2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设.

Eg. If we had started earlier， we should not have missed the train.

If she hadn’t been ill， she might have come.

If she were not ill， she might come.

◆书面语中，如果从句里含有should， had， were或其他助动词，则

可将从属连词if省去，将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.

Eg.Were he in your position，he’d do the same.

If he Were in your position，he’d do the same.

Had I had time， I would have done that yesterday.

If I Had had time， I would have done that yesterday.

If he Should (万一)come tomorrow， I should give him the dictionary.

(3) 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用.

A)在(表现了说话人的愿望)wish， suggest， order， demand， propose，

command， request， recommend， require， decide， insist， desire，urge等动词的宾语从句(should:应该) + 动词原形.

以及would rather /sooner that后要用“ (should:应该) + 动词原形” 来表示愿望，建议，命令，要求等;

由上述动词派生或转化的名词suggestion， proposal， plan，motion， recommendation， demand， order， desire， request，

requirement， insistence， advice， decision ， obligatory(义不容辞的，必须的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.

Eg. His suggestion was that we (should) go at once.

Wang insisted that we go at once.

B)在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that (表现了说话人的愿望)从句的句

型中，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”

这些形容词有:

important， necessary， essential， imperative， natural， strange，advisable， desirable， possible， probable， astonishing，

surprising， desired， suggested， requested， recommended，

ordered， proposed， decided， moved等.

C) “ should(居然/竟然) + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇，遗憾，怀疑，不满等.

ⅰ. 用于expect， believe， think， suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中.

Eg. I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.

ⅱ. 用于“It is a pity， it is a shame， it is no wonder 等+ that”

等结构后的主语从句中.

Eg. It is a pity that he should be so careless.

D) 在由for fear that， in case， lest 等引导的状语从句中，用

“ should (万一)+ 动词原形” 表示“惟恐”的意思.

Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.