虚拟语气完整讲解

③If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。
[规律总结]
在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。
解析：句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌， (现在)就不必在这 儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况 的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。
答案：D
2．(2013· 天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now. A．will be C．has been B．would be D．would have been
我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。
②I wish that I hadn't agreed to go to Jim's party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2014· 北京东城一模) 我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我 必须做一些额外的工作。
解析：句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话， 他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气， 根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况的虚拟，主句 是对现在情况的虚拟，故选 B 。
3．(2013· 江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious. A．thought C．had thought B．would think D．have thought
解析：句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的， 但是我没有空。but I was not available 表示的是过去的真 实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于 if I had been available (如 果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句 应使用“would/might/could/should＋have done”结构， 故 选 D。
Lead-in
虚拟语气
Learning aims
• By the end of the class, we will be able to get the usages of subjunctive mood, especially some special cases; to deal with some difficult points in exercises.
②It's
high
time
that
we
devoted
ourselves
to
environmental protection and ecological improvement. (2014· 浙江六校联考) 是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。
③He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind. 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。
wouldn't be so worried now.(2014· 杭州一检) 要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。
[规律总结]
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发 生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词 的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
三、省略if的倒装句 ①If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。
②Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(2012· 浙江高考) 要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。
来自百度文库
would should + do sth could Might
Guidance and Exploration some special cases
二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month. (2014· 北京海淀模拟) 事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们 现在就在西安呢。 If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents
用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
3．as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用 虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用 过去完成时。
4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
Summary Try to summarize all the usages of subjunctive mood.
③How I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球。
[规律总结]
wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气
1．对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用 were)
2．对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词
3．对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋ 动词原形
解析：根据题干中的“should not have laughed”可知，此处是 对过去的事情的虚拟，因此 if 从句中的谓语动词用过去完成 时。
答案：C
考点二 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
4．(2013· 安徽高考)I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available. A．went C．would go B．had gone D．would have gone
2．用于主语从句中
在 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/ important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that 从句中，从句的 谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
[规律总结]
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。
五、(should＋) do ...结构的虚拟语气
①Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010· 福建高考) 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑 车上学。
Self-study
一、if 条件从句中的虚拟语气
①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012· 湖南高考) 对不起， 我太忙了。 要是有时间， 我一定与你一起去郊游。
3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成 是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
六、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ①I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
一般条件句中的虚拟语气 时 间 If 条件句 主 句
would should could might
过去 现在
had done
+have done sth
would 助动词 be用 were should 实义动词 do 用 did could might
+ do sth
did / were 将来 should do were to do
④We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。
[规律总结]
1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中， 常 见 的 动 词 有 ： demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend 等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动 词原形”，should 可以省略。
②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.(2012· 天津高考) 如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。
③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.(2012· 安徽高考) 格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她 就不能经常看到父母了。
Consolidation
考点一
if条件句中的虚拟语气
1．(2013· 北京高考)If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. A．have booked C．book B．booked D．had booked
四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
①I'm really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.(2014· 湖南长郡中学等十二校二次联考) 我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。
②I would have come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.(2011· 天津高考) 我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。
④Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
[规律总结]
1．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁 愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用 过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 2． 在“It is (about/high)time＋that 从句”中， 谓语动词常
七、其他句型中的虚拟语气
①George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused more on its culture. (2010· 江苏高考) 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他 更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。
②It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 人们建议会议推迟到下周。 ③My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.
我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。