Charles Dickens英美文学 狄更斯
CharlesDickens狄更斯英文简介
CharlesDickens狄更斯英文简介Charles Dickens was a famous English critical realism novelist in the 19th century.He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars. With time going by, his novels and short stories continue to be widely popular. He had a well-off family in his early years and was once educated in a private school for a period of time,but his parents often banqueted guests and used money without restraint.At the age of 15, he graduated from Wellington College, and then worked into a lawyer line. Later he turned to newspaper, becoming a reporter at the age of 20.Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist.Dickens wrote many works in his life,such as the Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, David Copperfield,The Old Curiosity Shop and so on. Pickwick Papers was Dickens? first big pop ular success, written when he was only twenty-four years old.His literary style is a mixture of fantasy and realism.。
查尔斯·狄更斯CharlesDickens
查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens 19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。
狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇,深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实,为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。
他的作品至今依然盛行,对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。
主要作品《匹克威克外传》、《雾都孤儿》、《老古玩店》、《艰难时世》、《我们共同的朋友》。
基本信息查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)(1812-1870),英国小说家,出生于海军小职员家庭,10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱,11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。
曾在皮鞋作坊当学徒,16岁时在律师事务所当缮写员,后担任报社采访记者。
他只上过几年学,全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。
狄更斯是高产作家,他凭借勤奋和天赋创作出一大批经典著作。
他又是一位幽默大师,常常用妙趣横生的语言在浪漫和现产中讲述人间真相,狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。
艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析,以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。
马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的“一批杰出的小说家”。
作家简介狄更斯,1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊,1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。
少年时因家庭生活窘迫,只能断断续续入校求学。
后被迫到工场作童工。
15岁以后,当过律师事务所学徒、录事和法庭记录员。
20岁开始当报馆采访员,报道下议院。
1836年开始发表《鲍兹随笔》,这是一部描写伦敦街头巷尾日常生活的特写集。
同年,陆续发表连载小说《匹克威克外传》,数期后便引起轰动。
这是一部流浪汉小说形式的幽默作品,漫画式地反映了英国现实生活。
《匹克威克外传》初获成功后,狄更斯与凯瑟琳结婚,并专门从事长篇连载小说的创作。
一生共创作长篇小说13部半,其中多数是近百万言的大部头作品,中篇小说20余部,短篇小说数百篇,特写集一部,长篇游记两部,《儿童英国史》一部,以及大量演说词、书信、散文、杂诗。
外国文学 狄更斯
拯救与复活
小说原名为《死人复活》,点明了作家的意 图。在这部小说中,复活的人和复活的意象 比比皆是。死人复活在这里具有生理的,社 会的、宗教的等多种含义。
梅尼特医生的复活
梅尼特医生是一个学识渊博、医术高明的小资产 阶级知识分子形象,作家人道主义思想的体现者, 是理想的正面人物形象。
他的一生及其思想性格经历了入狱前、在狱中和 出狱后三个不同的发展阶段。
狄更斯后来长期侨居瑞士、法国和意大利,但他的创作 仍需要伦敦来激发灵感。每当写了几个章节后,他会突然 搁笔前往英国。他的创作离不开城市,特别是伦敦,伦敦 是他魂牵梦绕的精神家园。
温和的人道主义
狄更斯是一个温和的人道主义者,他不像雨果那样充满勃 发的激情,他的人道主义是温和的,温情的。他同情下层 人民,不是以一个局外人的身份去怜悯他们,而是生活在 其中,和他们同忧共喜,为此,他在自己的作品中建立了 一个人道主义的小人物王国,他们身上充满的是感情,联 系他们的也是感情。
作者把他乐于牺牲的结局放在法国革命的背景上,其 用意有两个:
一是责怨、歪曲革命的人民和革命的政权滥杀无 辜;
二是用革命者的“残杀”、“暴乱”,反衬卡尔 登舍己为人的高尚品质,宣扬人类之爱。这是作 者的局限。
卡尔登舍己为人的崇高行为,是作者人道主义理想的 最高体现。同时也反衬出革命暴力的残酷,使无辜是 人遭受株连。
入狱前,医生是个典型的人道主义者。
在狱中,他从一个人道主义者走上了反抗道路。
出狱后,梅尼特医生的思想性格发生了巨变,进 入“复活”阶段。
“复活”后的医生有了新的信仰,要为爱、为别 人而活着,要用“爱”来消灭痛苦,消除仇恨。至 此,梅尼特医生完全成了狄更斯仁爱与宽恕的人道 主义的化身,超脱于仇恨与革命之上的“圣灵”。
Charles Dickens狄更斯英文简介
Charles Dickens was a famous English critical realism novelist in the 19th century.He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars. With time going by, his novels and short stories continue to be widely popular. He had a well-off family in his early years and was once educated in a private school for a period of time,but his parents often banqueted guests and used money without restraint.At the age of 15, he graduated from Wellington College, and then worked into a lawyer line. Later he turned to newspaper, becoming a reporter at the age of 20.Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist.Dickens wrote many works in his life,such as the Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, David Copperfield,The Old Curiosity Shop and so on. Pickwick Papers was Dickens‟ first big pop ular success, written when he was only twenty-four years old.His literary style is a mixture of fantasy and realism.。
英美文化常识(查尔斯·狄更斯,黄石国家公园)
Charles Dickens
As a novelist, Dickens is remembered first of all for his character-portrayal(描绘,刻 画). Not only the major characters but many of the minor(次要的)ones also leave unforgettable impressions on the readers' mind. The queer(奇怪的)Miss Havishams in Great Expectations shock readers with her never-removed wedding dress and an already rotten but uneaten wedding cake.
Yellowstone National Park
In 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than 1,000 archaeological(考古学的)sites.
Charles Dickens
Another feature of Dickens's fictional art is his humor and satire(讽刺). Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield, for example, who always expects that something would turn up to make his fortune, is one of the most humorous(幽 默的) characters in would literature.
查尔斯.狄更斯简介
查尔斯.狄更斯
19世纪英国批判现实主义 小说家 为英国批判现实主义文学 的开拓和发展做出了卓越 的贡献。 他的作品至今依然盛行, 对英国文学发展起到了深 远的影响 把每年2月7号定为狄更斯 的纪
• 1870年6月9日狄更斯因脑溢血与世长辞,他去世后被安葬在 西敏寺的诗人角。他的墓碑上如此写道:“他是贫穷、受苦 与被压迫人民的同情者;他的去世令世界失去了一位伟大的 英国作家。”
那是最昌明的时世,那是最 衰微的时世; 那是睿智开化的岁月,那是 混沌蒙昧的岁月; 那是信仰笃诚的年代,那是 疑云重重的年代; 那是阳光灿烂的季节,那是 长夜晦暗的季节; 那是欣欣向荣的春天,那是 死气沉沉的冬天; 我们眼前无所不有,我们眼 前一无所有; 我们都径直奔向天堂,我们 都径直奔向另一条路。”
狄更斯早期的小说,气势宏伟、通俗流畅、幽默泼辣而又充满感伤情调,其中对社会的 揭露批判,一般只限于局部的制度和领域。 狄更斯的后期作品明显地反映出创作主题的不断深化、技艺方面的成熟和多方面的探索。
Others
狄更斯的写实主义写作观点在中国 引起了许多文人的注意,老舍经由 阅读狄更斯的作品体会到不必在意 中国小说文体的拘束:“写就好, 管他什么”;另外更多的文学家则 是透过林纾的翻译接触到了英美文 学而获得了启发。
第三组
Charles John Huffam Dickens, 1812年2月7日-1870年6月9日), 十九世纪英国最伟大的作家,也是 一位以反映现实生活见长的作家, 他在自己的作品中,以高超的艺术 手法,描绘了包罗万象的社会图景, 作品一贯表现出揭露和批判的锋芒, 贯彻惩恶扬善的人道主义精神,塑 造出众多令人难忘的人物形象。他 的三十多年的创作生涯,写了十五 部长篇小说,许多中短篇小说,以 及随笔、游记、时事评论、戏剧、 诗歌等,为英国文学和世界文学作 了卓越的贡献,一百多年来他的代 表作《双城记》在全世界盛行不衰, 深受广大读者的欢迎。
小说家狄更斯的简介
小说家狄更斯的简介查尔斯狄更斯是十九世纪英国最伟大的作家,作品揭露了社会的黑暗,赞扬了惩恶扬善的精神。
查尔斯狄更斯早年家境小康,曾经在私立学校接受过教育。
下面是店铺搜集整理的小说家狄更斯的简介,希望对你有帮助。
小说家狄更斯的简介查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens,1812--1870)是英国十九世纪伟大的批判现实主义作家,一生创作了大量作品,广泛描写了19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活,揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶。
狄更斯(1812-----1870)英国现实主义作家,是继莎士比亚之后对实界文学产生巨大影响的小说家。
代表有《匹克威克外传》《双城记》《大卫·科波菲尔》等。
狄更斯所生活的年代,英国资本主义经济发展迅速。
经济繁荣的同时,现实的阶级矛盾也逐渐加深统治阶级疯狂追求利润,想发横财,工人们失业无家可归。
狄更斯从人道主义出发,呼吁统治者在追求个人利益的同时,不能剥夺劳动人民的权力,劝戒统治者要讲道德,有良知得人。
小说家狄更斯的生平1812年2月7日,狄更斯出生在英国南部朴次茅斯的波特西地区一个贫寒的小职员家庭里。
父亲是海军会计处的小职员,因无法清偿债务而被投进债务监狱。
这时刚满10岁的狄更斯不得不挑起全家生活重担,11岁时就被送到一家皮鞋油作坊去当童工。
为节省开支,母亲和弟妹都搬进监狱和父亲住在一起。
狄更斯在外做工,每逢星期日领到薪水就买些食物去监狱看望父母弟妹。
后来狄更斯的父亲继承了一位远亲的一笔遗产,还清债务后出狱。
狄更斯离开鞋油作坊进入一家小学读书,对学校里摧残儿童的野蛮教育十分反感。
狄更斯充满痛苦的童年生活,使他一生对穷人,特别是对贫苦儿童怀着深切同情,后来写了不少儿童题材的作品,如《大卫·科波菲尔》中就有他童年生活的影子。
由于家庭贫穷,狄更斯从16岁开始,先后做过律师的抄写员、事务所的信差、法院的速记员,这使他走遍伦敦的大街小巷,出入法院和监狱,接触到各种人物,了解到各种诉讼案件。
Charles Dickens英美文学 狄更斯
大卫终于成了一名作家,朵拉却患上了重病,在佩葛蒂前 往澳大利亚前夕便离开了人世。大卫满怀悲痛地出国旅行散心, 其间,艾妮斯始终与他保持联系。当他三年后返回英国时,才 发觉艾妮斯一直爱着他。两人最终走到了一起,与姨婆贝西、 佩葛蒂愉快地生活着。
The third period, a Period of steadily intensifying pessimism, showing underlying tone of bitterness, loss of hope for English bourgeois society In his novels of this period, Dickens, consciously and subconsciously, shows himself more and more at odds with bourgeois society .
1842-1850, The second period-- Period of excitement, irritation and frustration: exposing the corrupting influence of wealth and power, optimism turned into dissatisfaction and irritation
大卫回到伦敦,在斯本罗律师事务所任见习生。他从艾妮斯口中获悉, 威克菲尔律师落入诡计多端的希普所设计的陷阱,正处在走投无路的境地, 这使大卫非常愤慨。此时的大卫爱上了斯本罗律师的女儿朵拉,但两人婚 后的生活并不理想。朵拉是个容貌美丽,但头脑简单的“洋娃娃”。贝西 姨婆也濒临破产。这时,大卫再次遇见他当童工时的房东米考伯,米考伯 现在是希普的秘书,经过激烈的思想斗争,他最终揭露了希普陷害威克菲 尔并导致贝西小姐破产的种种阴谋。在事实面前,希普只好伏罪。 与此同时,佩葛蒂和海姆经过多方奔波,终于找到了被斯蒂尔福斯抛 弃后,沦落在伦敦的艾米丽,并决定将她带回澳大利亚,开始新的生活。 然而就在启程前夕,海上突然风狂雨骤,一艘来自西班牙的客轮在雅茅斯 遇险沉没,只剩下一个濒死的旅客紧紧地抓着桅杆。海姆见状不顾自身危 险,下海救他,不幸被巨浪吞没。当人们捞起他的尸体时,船上那名旅客 的尸体也漂到了岸边,原来竟是诱拐艾米丽的斯蒂尔福斯。艾米丽为海姆 的行动深深地打动了,回到澳大利亚后,她终日在劳动中寻找安宁,并且 终身未嫁。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长,在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家,这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景,也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初,强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
(一)英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一,其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素,《古舟子咏》(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦(George Gordon Byron)拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称,作品有《唐璜》(Don Juan)等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神,《西风颂》(Ode to theWest Wind)广为流传。
(二)美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving)他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格,《瑞普·凡·温克尔》(Rip Van Winkle)是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀(James Fenimore Cooper)以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名,《皮袜子故事集》(The Leatherstocking Tales)是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起,注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
(一)英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活,如《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)。
.Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯
Dickens was born February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth and spent most of his childhood in London and Kent, both of which appear frequently in his novels. He started school at the age of nine, but his education was interrupted when his father, an amiable but careless minor civil servant, was imprisoned for debt in 1824. The boy was then forced to support himself by working in a shoepolish factory. A resulting sense of humiliation and abandonment haunted him for life, and he later described this experience, only slightly altered, in his novel David Copperfield (1849-1850).
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
Charles John Huffam Dickens, English novelist and one of the most popular writers in the history of literature. In his enormous body of works, Dickens combined masterly storytelling, humor, pathos, and irony with sharp social criticism and acute observation of people and places, both real and imagined. The inscription on his tombstone in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey reads: "He was a sympathizer to the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed; and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world".
查尔斯狄更斯维多利亚时代的文学巨匠
查尔斯狄更斯维多利亚时代的文学巨匠查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)是维多利亚时代的一位文学巨匠,他以他丰富的想象力、细腻的描写和对社会问题的深入触及而闻名。
狄更斯的作品广受欢迎,他通过小说向社会展示了贫困、不公平和人性的复杂性。
本文将探讨狄更斯的生平和他的作品如何在维多利亚时代的文学历史上占据重要地位。
首先,我们来了解一下狄更斯的生平。
查尔斯·狄更斯于1812年出生在英国朴茨茅斯的一个中产阶级家庭。
然而,他的父亲经营的债务迫使全家搬到了伦敦更为贫穷的地区。
这段经历对狄更斯后来的作品产生了深远的影响,他亲身体验了社会的不公平和贫困的现实。
在他的职业生涯早期,狄更斯作为一名记者和文案撰稿人工作,这为他将来的作品提供了宝贵的素材和灵感。
他的第一本小说《皮克威克外传》于1836年出版,获得了相当的成功和赞誉。
从那以后,狄更斯的作品在英国和国际上都受到广泛的关注。
狄更斯的作品通常以维多利亚时代工人阶级的生活为背景。
他通过他对人物的刻画和生动的场景描绘,将读者带进了一个充满奇迹和困境的世界中。
他的小说如《雾都孤儿》、《艰难时世》和《双城记》等作品都以对社会不公和贫困的揭露为主题。
他的小说充满了标志性的角色,如无家可归的孩子奥利弗·特威斯特和被束缚的年轻女子露西·曼特。
狄更斯的作品除了展示社会问题外,也强调了人类的善良和同情心。
他刻画了一些善良而富有同情心的角色,如慷慨的经济学家威克菲尔德先生和灵活机智的小托特·坎伯兰。
这些角色在狄更斯的小说中扮演着解救者和希望的象征。
此外,狄更斯不仅通过他的小说传达信息,也通过他的文学活动和政治评论表达自己的社会观点。
他参与了反对童工和改良监狱制度的运动,并成为了一个社会改革的倡导者。
他对贫困和社会问题的关注在他的作品中得到了充分的体现,这也是为什么他的作品至今仍然受到人们的喜爱和敬仰的原因之一。
总而言之,查尔斯·狄更斯是维多利亚时代最伟大的文学巨匠之一。
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件英国文学Unit 5 Charles Dickens
英美文学欣赏(第四版)
接着,作者将法国和英国加以比较, 并举例说明社会矛盾的尖锐。在法国,一 个青年被判决斩去双手,用钳子拔掉舌头, 然后活活烧死,因为他没有跪倒在雨地里 向一队路过的僧侣致敬。在英国,几乎没 有秩序和保障,光天化日下盗贼横行,民 不聊生。同时,法国忙碌着两个象征性的 人物,一个是代表命运的伐木工,一个是 象征死亡的农夫。他们正在不停地悄悄工 作着,预示革命即将爆发,复仇和死亡不 可避免。
英美文学欣赏(第四版)
➢ Questions
1.At the beginning the author says: “ it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.” How do you interpret the meaning of the sentence? 2.What is your comment on Carlden’s sacrifice for love?
作品欣赏
英美文学欣赏(第四版)
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way—
英美文学(查尔斯.狄更斯主要作品及简介)
Charles Darnay The dead man and woman
Marquis St.Evremonde
They were killed by
Details
On a night of December 1767, the marquis St.Evremonde. asked the doctor Manette to see two patients, but finally they all died. The doctor knew that the two were directly killed by the marquis , and the marquis framed up the doctor and put him into prison. 18 years later the doctor was out of jail and found his daughter Lucie who was raised by the servant named Miss Pross. There were two men looks very like ,and they all wanted to marry Lucie one was called Charles Darnay , the nephew of the French marquis,the other named Sydney Carton,in the end Lucie was married to Darnay. Madame defarge was very against the marriage of Lucie and Darnay , she made a false charge against Darnay ,and he was sentenced to be hanged, Carton used the narcotic(麻醉药) to drive Darnay was in a coma ,he bore the death for his friend just wanted his friends would enjoy a happy life.
查尔斯.狄更斯简介中英文版
《双城记》(1859)和《远 大前程》(1861)紧随其 后被证明是响亮的成功。 这期间,他既是《家常话》 和《常年》的出版商又是 编辑,并作出重大贡献。
A Tale of Two Cities
——Charles Dickens
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way
查尔斯.狄更斯 (1812~1870),英国 小说家,10岁时全家被 迫迁入负债者监狱。狄 更斯相继当过律师事务 所学徒,民事诉讼法庭 的记录员和驻议会的记 者。他只上过几年学, 全靠刻苦自学成为知名 作家。
Charles·Dickens(1812~1870),a British novelist. At the age of 10 his families were forced to move into debtors prison. When 15 years old, Dickens became an apprentice in a law firm and later a civil court judge clerk and then a newspaper reporter stationed in parliament. He had only a few years school life .But thanks to assiduous self-study he became a famous writer.
Charles Dickens狄更斯的英文介绍
Charles DickensCharles Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was a famous English critical realism novelist in the 19th century. “He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars.” With time going by, his novels and short stories continue to be widely popular. In his works, he paid special attention to the life of "little guy" at the bottom of society in the UK, which deeply reflected the complex social reality at that time.LIFE AND CAREERCharles Dickens was born in Portsmouth on 7 February 1812, the second son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. He had a well-off family in his early years and was once educated in a private school for a period of time, but his parents often banqueted guests and used money without restraint. As a result, his father, inspiration for the character of Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield, was imprisoned for bad debt when Charles Dickens was 10 years old. “The entire family, apart from Charles, was sent to Marshalsea along with their patriarch. Charles was sent to work in Warren's blacking factory and endured appalling conditions as well as loneliness and despair.” He worked over 10 hours every day. After three years, luckily, his father inherited a legacy of the family, so their economic conditions were improved. He was returned to school, but the experience was never forgotten and became fictionalized in two of his better-known novels David Copperfield and Great Expectations.At the age of 15, he graduated from Wellington College, and then worked into a lawyer line. Later he turned to newspaper, becoming a reporter at the age of 20.“Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist. His own father became a reporter and Charles began with the journals The Mirror of Parliament and The True Sun. Then in 1833 he became parliamentary journalist for The Morning Chronicle. With new contacts in the press he was able to publish a series of sketches under the pseudonym 'Boz'. In April 1836, he married Catherine Hogarth, daughter of George Hogarth who edited Sketches by Boz. Within the same month, came the publication of the highly successful Pickwick Papers, and from that point on there was no looking back for Dickens.”Besides a huge list of novels, “he published autobiography, edited weekly periodicals including Household Words and All Year Round, wrote travel books and administered charitable organizations. He was also a theatre enthusiast, wrote plays and performed before Queen Victoria in 1851. His energy was inexhaustible and he spent much time abroad - for example lecturing against slavery in the United States and touring Italy with companions Augustus Egg and Wilkie Collins, a contemporary writer who inspired Dickens' final unfinished novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood.He was estranged from his wife in 1858 after the birth of their ten children, but maintained relations with his mistress, the actress Ellen Ternan.” However, too much hard work and disappointment at reform seriously impaired his health. He died of astroke in 1870 and buried at Westminster Abbey. His tombstone wrote:“He was a sympathiser to the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed; and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.”MAJOR WORKSDickens wrote many works in his life, and the followings are some of his most important novels. They can be divided into different periods.From 1836 to 1841, it was the first period of youthful optimism. The major works are Sketches by Boz, The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist,Nichols Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop and so on. “Pickwick Papers(1836-37) was Dickens’ first big popular success, written when he was only twenty-four years old. It was issued in twenty monthly parts and is not so much a novel as a series of loosely linked sketches and changing characters featured in reports to the Pickwick Club. These episodes narrate comic excursions to Rochester, Dingley Dell, and Bath; duels and elopements; Christmas festivities; Mr Pickwick inadvertently entering the bedroom of a middle-aged lady at night; and in the end a happy marriage. Much light-hearted fun and a host of memorable characters are filled in this work. Oliver Twist(1837-38) expresses Dickens’ sense of the vulnerability of children. Oliver is a foundling, raised in a workhouse, who escapes suffering by running off to London. There he falls into the hands of a gang of thieves controlled by the infamous Fagin. He is pursued by the sinister figure of Monks who has secret information about him. The plot centres on the twin issues of personal identity and a secret inheritance (which surface again in Great Expectations). Emigration, prison, and violent death punctuate a cascade of dramatic events. This is the early Victorian novel in fine melodramatic form. It is recommended for beginners to Dickens.”The second period of excitement and irritation expose the corrupting influence of wealth and power, optimism turned into dissatisfaction and irritation.David Copperfield (1849-50) is a thinly veiled autobiography, of which Dickens said ‘Of all my books, I like this the best’. As a child David suffers the loss of both his father and mother. He endures bullying at school and a life of poverty when he goes to work. he soon runs away to his Aunt Betsey Trotwood in Dover. Aunt Betsey adopts him and sends him to Dr. Strong's private school in Canterbury, where David meets his best friend Agnes Wickfield, as well as the slimy Uriah Heep.David grew up and became a lawyer, he fall in love with beautiful but childish Dora Spenlow. He marries Dora, despite her uselessness in household chores. However, Dora Spenlow soon falls ill and dies, leaving David single and heartbroken. David is very sad, and left his country. He travels throughout Europe, during which time he publishes his first novel with the help of old school-friend Thomas Traddles, and during this odyssey realizes he loves Agnes Wickfield. Upon his return he proposes to her, and the two quickly marry. They later move into a house in London along with their young children. The book is packed with memorable characters such as Mr. Micawber, the fawning Uriah Heep, and the earth-mother figure Clara Peggotty. The plot involves Dickens’ recurrent topics of thwarted romance, financial insecurity and misdoings, and the terrible force of the legal system which haunted him all his life.The third period of intensifying (increasing) pessimism, showed underlying tone of bitterness, loss of hope for English bourgeois society. “A Tale of Two Cities (1859) was Dickens’ account of the French Revolution – with the story switching between London and Paris. It views the causes and effects of the Revolution from an essentially private point of view, showing how personal experience relates to public history. The characters are fictional, and their political activity is minimal, yet all are drawn towards the Paris of the Terror, and all become caught up in its web of suffering and human sacrifice. The novel features the famous scene in which wastrel barrister Sydney Carton redeems himself by smuggling the hero out of prison and taking his place on the scaffold.” The novel ends with the memorable lines: "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known." Great Expectations(1860-61) traces the adventures and moral development of the young hero Pip as he rises from humble beginnings in a village blacksmith’s. Eventually, via good connections and a secret benefactor, he becomes a gentleman in fashionable London – but loses his way morally in the process and disowns his family. Fortunately he is surrounded by good and loyal friends who help him to redeem himself. Plenty of drama is provided by a spectacular fire, a strange quasi-sexual attack, and the chase of an escaped convict on the river Thames. There are a number of strange psycho-sexual features to the characters and events, and the novel has two subtly different endings – both adding ambiguity to the love interest between Pip and the beautiful Stella. There are other famous works in this period, such as Bleak House(1852-1853), Hard Times(1854) and so on. STYLESHe has different writing styles in different periods. In his early period, the works are of gentle social criticism, Fantastic optimism, La novela picaresca and Exaggeration. In his middle period, the works are of vigorously criticizing on bourgeois and his morality, gentle moralism, humor and satire. At the same time, The plot and structure are more complete and unified. In his later period, the works are of social criticism, gentle reformism and strong humanitarian, exploration of man’s inner conflicts and symbolismHis literary style is also a mixture of fantasy and realism. “Dickens was once a newspaper reporter so his descriptions show a wonderful eye for detail. Dickens loved words, and liked to produce a 'pretty piece of writing' in different styles. He included lots of powerful adjectives, and is famous for his use of metaphors and similes. His descriptions often present people, their surroundings, and even the weather, in ways which reinforce each other, so that certain 'feel' is built up through the passage. From the early 1850s, Dickens gave public readings of his novels. His writing is rhythmic and designed to be read out loud. He loved to make young women in his audience laugh or weep, so many of his characters are either hilariously comic or heart-broken sentimental. In addition, Dickens was also a master of dialect and used what is called 'substandard' speech to add to the picture of a character he was building up.”References1.《插图本英国文学史》2. /wiki/Charles_Dickens3/history/historic_figures/dickens_charles.shtml4/5-most-popular-Charles-Dicken-books/articleshow/11805466.cms5/schools/gcsebitesize/english_literature/prosegreatexpect/0prose_greatex pect_contrev3.shtml。
英国作家查尔斯狄更斯的历史故事
英国作家查尔斯狄更斯的历史故事英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)是19世纪英国文学的杰出代表之一。
他以其作品中富有情感的叙述方式和描写社会底层人民的生活条件而闻名。
本文将回顾狄更斯的历史故事,展示他在文学界的重要地位。
狄更斯的历史故事从他自身的经历中获得灵感。
他生于1812年,成长于维多利亚时代的英国。
他的家庭经历了贫困和艰辛的日子,这种背景对他后来的创作产生了深远影响。
狄更斯最早的作品之一是《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist),这部小说讲述了一个孤儿的生活,揭示了当时英国社会的不公和贫富差距。
其主要角色奥利弗是一个无辜的孩子,他进入了孤儿院和重要人物的生活,经历了各种苦难和不公平的对待。
这部小说引起了公众的强烈反响,并引发了社会对贫困和童工现象的关注,迫使政府采取改革措施。
《雾都孤儿》之后,狄更斯的另一部著名作品是《远大前程》(Great Expectations)。
这部小说讲述了一个叫做皮普的孤儿的成长历程。
皮普通过机缘巧合进入富有的贝皮家庭,并梦想着改变自己的命运。
小说揭示了社会地位和人性的冲突,并探索了个人自由意志和社会约束之间的对立。
它强调了人们对于自我实现和追求幸福的力量,以及财富和身份对人生的影响。
狄更斯的作品还包括《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities),这是一部关于法国大革命的历史小说。
小说以伦敦和巴黎两个城市为背景,描写了不同社会阶层的人们在动荡的时代中所经历的挣扎和牺牲。
它既展示了个人命运与历史事件的交织,又揭示了人们对自由和正义的追求。
在他的整个创作生涯中,狄更斯一直关注社会问题,并以富有同情心和幽默感的笔触描绘人物形象。
他的作品引起了读者的共鸣,并在当时被广泛传播和赞赏。
他的作品对英国和整个世界的文学产生了深远影响,成为了19世纪文学的经典之作。
总结来说,狄更斯是一位杰出的英国作家,他的历史故事深刻地揭示了社会问题和人性的复杂性。
外国文学第二十一讲·狄更斯
[2]、感伤 他的伤感主要表现在对善良小人物命运的同情和怜悯, 这种感伤气氛有时弥漫全书。
[3]、说教
狄更斯在揭露批判社会罪恶时,有大量的人性论的说
教,这些说教表现了他的人道主义的善良动机,道德 正义,抽象理想。
[4].行善 狄更斯从基督仁爱出发,主张行善,勿以暴力抗恶 他的正面主人公,都是善良的好人。他们积德,做好 事,以德报怨,用仁慈感化恶人。
[1]、喜剧手法
采用喜剧的手法来暴露人性中的可笑之处和揭露社会的阴暗面。 如:匹克威克的可笑行为
[2]、塑造喜剧人物
注意塑造喜剧人物,发掘他们身上的幽默感,而不像18世纪小说
那样以情节事件的幽默为主。
3、温和的人道主义 [1]、温情 狄更斯的温情不仅表现在善良人们兄弟般的情谊上, 也表现在对恶人的处理上。 他的小说大都是大团圆结局,这也表现出他的人道主 义温情。
B、罪恶的典型:厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟
恣意挥霍人民的血汗, 极度奢侈、荒唐 草菅人命、荼毒生灵、残忍凶暴、灭绝人性
C、疯狂的代表:得伐石太太 受压迫的穷苦人
疯狂的报复者,从“复仇女神”变成了“嗜血女魔”
D、怪诞的英雄:卡尔登 卡尔登是一个律师,性格忧郁、酗酒、堕落、自暴自 弃,表现出一种阴郁、冷漠的古怪。 他爱上路茜后, 却又觉得自己自甘堕落已久, 无法再回 复正道, 不能给路茜带来幸福, 没有资格爱她, 因此主动 退出情场角逐。 作者称他是个“怪人”。但在这怪人冷淡的外表下, 却充满对路茜的热烈感情。尽管他的爱情是绝望的, 路茜和代尔那结了婚,但为了路茜的幸福,他愿意代 替情敌走上断头台。
3、人道主义思想的表达
① 对人物的刻画:仁慈vs残忍 ② 对法律的控诉:三审代尔那 ③ 对革命的态度:肯定革命的正义性,反
英美文学 狄更斯
• He doesn‘t have much hair, you probably thought it was because he talked too much and makes hair turn away, leaving it a bit disorganized and pricked up, also because of his strong wind wafted, put them into the same. 他没有多少头发,你可能以为是由于他谈话谈得太多而把 头发谈掉了,剩下来的那一点儿杂乱无章地竖了起来,也 是由于他那大风似的吹劲儿,把它们吹成那个样子的。 (《艰难时世》)
查尔斯·狄更斯
(Charles Dickens,1812-1870)
Dickens’s Novels
• One of the greatest Victorian writers • 英国维多利亚小说最重要的代表 • “ The genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest”---Stefan Zweig • “一个最充分地表达了他同时代人的共同 趣味的天才”(斯蒂芬-茨威格语)。
The First Period(1836-1841) 狄更斯的早期创作
• Gentle social criticism 温和的社会讽刺 • Fantastic optimism 充满幻想的乐观精神 • Novela picaresca “流浪汉小说”的结构模 式 • Exaggeration 夸张的艺术手法
• 《灶上蟋蟀》The Cricket on the Hearth——1845年
• 《董贝父子》( Dombey and Son )—— 1846年-1848 年 • 《 大卫· 科波菲尔 》( David Copperfield )—— 1849年1850年
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1842-1850, The second period-- Period of excitement, irritation and frustration: exposing the corrupting influence of wealth and power, optimism turned into dissatisfaction and irritation
Theme:
Where there is oppression, there is revolution.
Literary Characteristics
Dickens’s novels are a reflection of his own childhood, suffering in a blacking shoe factory and visiting his father in a debtor’s prison. So the archetypal Dickensian hero or heroine is often an orphan or a child whose parents, though still alive, are as well as dead to them. They find themselves alone in the heartless world, without family love and any sense of security, ignored by society and struggle for survive.
大卫回到伦敦,在斯本罗律师事务所任见习生。他从艾妮斯口中获悉, 威克菲尔律师落入诡计多端的希普所设计的陷阱,正处在走投无路的境地, 这使大卫非常愤慨。此时的大卫爱上了斯本罗律师的女儿朵拉,但两人婚 后的生活并不理想。朵拉是个容貌美丽,但头脑简单的“洋娃娃”。贝西 姨婆也濒临破产。这时,大卫再次遇见他当童工时的房东米考伯,米考伯 现在是希普的秘书,经过激烈的思想斗争,他最终揭露了希普陷害威克菲 尔并导致贝西小姐破产的种种阴谋。在事实面前,希普只好伏罪。 与此同时,佩葛蒂和海姆经过多方奔波,终于找到了被斯蒂尔福斯抛 弃后,沦落在伦敦的艾米丽,并决定将她带回澳大利亚,开始新的生活。 然而就在启程前夕,海上突然风狂雨骤,一艘来自西班牙的客轮在雅茅斯 遇险沉没,只剩下一个濒死的旅客紧紧地抓着桅杆。海姆见状不顾自身危 险,下海救他,不幸被巨浪吞没。当人们捞起他的尸体时,船上那名旅客 的尸体也漂到了岸边,原来竟是诱拐艾米丽的斯蒂尔福斯。艾米丽为海姆 的行动深深地打动了,回到澳大利亚后,她终日在劳动中寻找安宁,并且 终身未嫁。
death
On 8 June 1870, Dickens suffered another stroke at his home after a full day's work on Edwin Drood«艾德温· 德鲁德 之迷». He never regained consciousness, and the next day, on 9 June, he died at Gad's Hill Place. Contrary to his wish to be buried at Rochester Cathedral "in an inexpensive, unostentatious, and strictly private manner," he was laid to rest in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. 他的墓碑上 如此写道:“他是贫穷、受苦与被压迫人民的同情者;他的去 世令世界失去了一位伟大的英国作家。”(He was a sympathiser to the poor , the suffering ,and the oppressed; and by his death , one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.)。
1) Bleak House(1852-1853) «荒凉山庄» 2) Hard Times(1854) «艰难时世» 3) Little Dorrit (1855-1857)«小杜丽» 4) A Tale of Two Cities(1859) «双城记» 5) Great Expectations(1860-1861) «远大前程» 6) Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865) «我们的共同朋友» 7) Edwin Drood (unfinished)(1869) «艾德温· 德鲁德之迷»
Writing style Writing feature Writing theme Language
Literary achievements & Influence Analysis of Dickens Evacuation
Life
狄更斯1812年出生于英国朴次茅斯(Portsmouth),是海军 职员约翰· 狄更斯和查尔斯· 狄更斯伊丽莎白· 巴洛所生的第二个 孩子。狄更斯5岁时全家就迁居占松(Chatham),10岁时又 搬到康登镇(Camden Town,今属伦敦)。 狄更斯早年家境小康,小时候曾经在一所私立学校接受过一段 时间的教育,但是父母经常大宴宾客,金钱上没有节制,12岁 时,狄更斯的父亲就因债务问题而入狱,一家人随著父亲迁至 牢房居住,狄更斯也因此被送到伦敦一家鞋油场当学徒,每天 工作10个小时。或许是由于这段经历,备尝艰辛、屈辱,看尽 人情冷暖,使得狄更斯的作品底层社会劳动人民的生活状态。 小说《大卫· 科波菲尔》中,就是描写了自己这一段遭遇。 不过由于父亲继承了一笔遗产而令家庭经济状况有所好转,狄 更斯也才有机会重新回到学校。15岁时他从威灵顿学院毕业, 随后进入一家律师行工作,后来又转入报馆,20岁时成为一名 新闻记者。狄更斯并没有接受很多的正规教育,基本上是靠自 学成材。 狄更斯后来成为一名《晨报》的国会记者,专门查尔斯· 狄更斯 采访英国下议院的政策辩论,也时常环游英伦采访各种选举活 动。他开始在各刊物上发表文章,并最终收集成《博兹札记》 (Sketches by Boz)出版,这是他的第一部散文集。
6) Dombey and Son(1847-1848) «董贝父子» 7) David Copperfield (1849-1850)«大卫〃科波菲尔»
the most autobiographical, one of the greatest English novels
大卫· 科波菲尔尚未出世时,父亲就去世了,他在母亲及女仆的照管 下长大。不久,母亲改嫁,后父摩德斯东凶狠贪婪,他把大卫看作累赘, 婚前就把大卫送到了他乳母的哥哥佩葛蒂先生家里。佩葛蒂是个正直善 良的渔民,住在雅茅斯海边一座用破船改成的小屋里,与收养的一对孤 儿艾米丽和海姆相依为命,大卫和他们一起过着清苦和睦的生活。 出于对母亲的思念,大卫又回到了后父家。然而后父不但常常责打 他,甚至剥夺了母亲对他关怀和爱抚的权利。母亲去世后,后父立即把 不足10岁的大卫送去当洗刷酒瓶的童工,大卫从此过起了不能温饱的生 活。他历尽艰辛,最后找到了姨婆贝西小姐。 贝西小姐生性怪僻,但心地善良。她收留了大卫,让他上学深造。大 卫求学期间,寄宿在姨婆的律师威克菲尔家里,与他的女儿艾妮斯结下 了深厚的情谊。但大卫对威克菲尔雇用的一个名叫希普的书记极为反感, 讨厌他那种阳奉阴违、曲意逢迎的丑态。 大卫中学毕业后外出旅行,邂逅了童年时代的同学斯蒂尔福斯。两人 一起来到雅茅斯,拜访佩葛蒂一家。已经和海姆订婚的艾米丽经受不住 阔少爷斯蒂尔福斯的引诱,竟在结婚前夕与他私奔国外。佩葛蒂先生痛 苦万分,发誓要找回艾米丽。
1. Writing Style
Dickens loved the style of the 18th century picaresque(流 浪汉小说) novels which he found in abundance on his father‘s shelves. According to Ackroyd, other than these, perhaps the most important literary influence on him was derived from the fable (寓言) of The Arabian Nights. His writing style is marked by a profuse linguistic creativity:
Charles Dickens
The greatest representative of English critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age
1. 2. 3. 4.
Life Works Literary Characteristics
大卫终于成了一名作家,朵拉却患上了重病,在佩葛蒂前 往澳大利亚前夕便离开了人世。大卫满怀悲痛地出国旅行散心, 其间,艾妮斯始终与他保持联系。当他三年后返回英国时,才 发觉艾妮斯一直爱着他。两人最终走到了一起,与姨婆贝西、 佩葛蒂愉快地生活着。
The third period, a Period of steadily intensifying pessimism, showing underlying tone of bitterness, loss of hope for English bourgeois society In his novels of this period, Dickens, consciously and subconsciously, shows himself more and more at odds with bourgeois society .
works