宇宙的起源和演化

Geocentric model
Geocentric model
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system), is the superseded theory that the Earth is the center of the universe, and that all other objects orbit around it. This geocentric model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece. As such, most Ancient Greek philosophers assumed that the Sun, Moon, stars, and naked eye planets circled the Earth, including the noteworthy systems of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. Two commonly made observations supported the idea that the Earth was the center of the Universe. The first observation was that the stars, sun, and planets appear to revolve around the Earth each day, making the Earth the center of that system. Further, every star was on a "stellar" or "celestial" sphere, of which the earth was the center, that rotated each day, using a line through the north and south pole as an axis. The stars closest to the equator appeared to rise and fall the greatest distance, but each star circled back to its rising point each day.The second common notion supporting the geocentric model was that the Earth does not seem to move from the perspective of an Earth bound observer, and that it is solid, stable, and unmoving. In other words, it is completely at rest.
Ancient Indian
Shieldห้องสมุดไป่ตู้World)
Three elephants
A huge turtle
Sea
Ancient Epytian
Ancient Chinese
Up, down, and all sides are ‘Uni’,and the past and future is ‘verse’.
Ancient Chinese
The round sky and the Square ground
Ancient Chinese
Pangu creates the world
Chinese Genesis
Pangu is the father of the world. There are two legends about him: one, the creation of the Heaven and the Earth and the other, the origin of all creatures on the Earth from his death. It's said that at the beginning, the world, which is named the chaos, was shaped like an egg, in which Pangu was gradually conceived. As time passed, Pangu grew up to a huge body inside the egg. When the chaos could not bear him any more, it broke into two parts: yin and yang, the two opposing poles in nature. As yang rose high and became the Heaven, yin sunk down to become the Earth. Pangu, standing in between, grew up every day. After 18,000 years,Pangu grew to a giant 90,000 zhang（ancient chinese length unit, 1 zhang is about 3 meters) high, and the distance between the Heaven and the Earth was also 90,000 zhang. After Pangu died, his left eye became the sun and his right eye,the moon; his hairs and beards became the sky and blinking stars;his breaths became winds and clouds and his voices, thunders; his blood became the rivers and his skin and fine hairs became flowers, trees and herbals; and finally, the parasites in his body became the primitive human beings.
HuiShi and Quantum Universe
The biggest thing has nothing outside, that’s called the biggest one. -- HuiShi
Laozi and Quantum Universe
In fact, there is a interesting similarity between laozi’s theory and the quantum universe theory.
宇宙的起源与演化
The Origin of Our Universe
--How did our ancestors think about it
The ancient time
Bible Ancient Indian
Ancient Egyptian Ancient Chinese
Bible
In the < Old Testament >, god creates the whole world in seven days. And on the first day, he creates what we call ‘Universe’.
创世记(Genesis)
1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkdeep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
The Opinion in YiJing
This is the TaiJi, which give birth to two complement ary forces.
Laozi and Quantum Universe
In fact, there is a interesting similarity between laozi’s theory and the quantum universe theory.
Geocentric model
Geocentric model
The geocentric model was usually combined with a spherical Earth by ancient Greek and medieval philosophers. It is not the same as the older flat Earth model implied in some mythology. However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century through the synthesis of theories by Copernicus and Kepler. The astronomical predictions of Ptolemy's geocentric model were used to prepare astrological charts for over 1500 years. The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but was gradually replaced from the late 16th century onward by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. However, the transition between these two theories met much resistance, not only from the Catholic Church, which was reluctant to accept a theory not placing God's creation at the center of the universe, but also from those who saw geocentrism as a fact that could not be subverted by a new, weakly justified theory.