Chapter 5 Morphology 英语语言学
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• Bound morpheme----is one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. They can not stand by themselves, such as “-s” in “dogs”, “-al” in “national”, “dis-” in “disclose”, “-ed” in “recorded”, etc.
• A morpheme may have alternate shapes or phonetic forms. They are said to be the allomorphs of the morpheme, the plural morpheme may be represented by:
morpheme.
3.4 classification of morphemes
Free morpheme & bound morpheme
• Free morpheme----is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance, etc.
Words and morphemes
• Mono-morphemic words ---- free morphemes
• Poly-morphemic words compounds ---- free + free the rest ---- free + bound ---- bound + bound
Morpheme & morph
• A morpheme is a meaning and a stretch of sound joined together.
• A morph is the stretch of sound. e.g. boys John’s the suffix /-z/
Morpheme & allomorphs
Chapter 3 Morphology
3.2 Open class & closed class
• Open class words---content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, e.g. beatnik (a member of the Beat Generation), hacker, email, internet, “达人，走秀…” in Chinese.
---- the minimal unit of meaning
Words & morphems
---Words are composed of morphemes. Words may consist of one morpheme or more morphemes, e.g.
• 1-morpheme boy, desire • 2-morpheme boy+ish, desir(e)+ble • 3-morpheme boy+ish+ness, desir(e)+bl(e)+ity • 4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness, • 5-morpheme un+gentle+man+li+ness • 6-morpheme anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism
Root and affixes
• internatiLeabharlann Baidunality
Root
• The root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning.
• It is that part of the word left when all the affixes (inflectional & derivational) are removed. e.g. “desire” in “desirable”, “care” in “carefully”, “nation” in “internationalism”…
• map----maps [s] • dog----dogs [z] • watch----watches [iz] • mouse----mice [ai] • ox----oxen [n] • tooth----teeth [i:] • sheep----sheep [i:] • Each of the underlined part is called an allomorph of plural
• All words contain a root morpheme. (free or bound)
Affix
• An affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. (bound)
• Closed class words---grammatical or functional words, such as conjunction, articles, preposition and pronouns.
3.3 Morpheme
---- the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.
• Prefix ---- morphemes that occur only before others, e.g. un-, dis, anti-, ir-, etc.
• A morpheme may have alternate shapes or phonetic forms. They are said to be the allomorphs of the morpheme, the plural morpheme may be represented by:
morpheme.
3.4 classification of morphemes
Free morpheme & bound morpheme
• Free morpheme----is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance, etc.
Words and morphemes
• Mono-morphemic words ---- free morphemes
• Poly-morphemic words compounds ---- free + free the rest ---- free + bound ---- bound + bound
Morpheme & morph
• A morpheme is a meaning and a stretch of sound joined together.
• A morph is the stretch of sound. e.g. boys John’s the suffix /-z/
Morpheme & allomorphs
Chapter 3 Morphology
3.2 Open class & closed class
• Open class words---content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, e.g. beatnik (a member of the Beat Generation), hacker, email, internet, “达人，走秀…” in Chinese.
---- the minimal unit of meaning
Words & morphems
---Words are composed of morphemes. Words may consist of one morpheme or more morphemes, e.g.
• 1-morpheme boy, desire • 2-morpheme boy+ish, desir(e)+ble • 3-morpheme boy+ish+ness, desir(e)+bl(e)+ity • 4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness, • 5-morpheme un+gentle+man+li+ness • 6-morpheme anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism
Root and affixes
• internatiLeabharlann Baidunality
Root
• The root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning.
• It is that part of the word left when all the affixes (inflectional & derivational) are removed. e.g. “desire” in “desirable”, “care” in “carefully”, “nation” in “internationalism”…
• map----maps [s] • dog----dogs [z] • watch----watches [iz] • mouse----mice [ai] • ox----oxen [n] • tooth----teeth [i:] • sheep----sheep [i:] • Each of the underlined part is called an allomorph of plural
• All words contain a root morpheme. (free or bound)
Affix
• An affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. (bound)
• Closed class words---grammatical or functional words, such as conjunction, articles, preposition and pronouns.
3.3 Morpheme
---- the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.
• Prefix ---- morphemes that occur only before others, e.g. un-, dis, anti-, ir-, etc.