LSAT考试全真试题三含答案(4部分)

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答案+解析（201812机器人等级考试三级理论真题）

全国青少年机器人技术等级考试(2018年12月8日)附答案+详细解析一、单选题(共30题，每题2分，共60分)1.正常情况下，程序中，当引脚4输入的电压为2.5V时，串口监视器的返回值是？A. 0B. 1C. 512D. 不确定参考答案：D解析：数字电路高电平的范围是：3.5～5.5V,数值为1；低电平电压范围是：-0.5～1.5V，数值为0，题中输入的2.5不在这两个范围内，故选D。

2.程序中的低电平一般用（）来表示。

A. 0B. 1C. 0或1D. 2参考答案：A解析：据上一题解析，选A。

3.运行下图程序，串口监视器窗口输出数值为?A. 2B. 3C. 6D. 18解析：符号“%”是取余数，i=3，j=6，6除以3取余数为0，条件为0，不成立，所以打印输出变量j，输出数值为6，故选C。

4.当光照射光敏电阻时，光敏电阻的阻值?A. 变大B. 变小C. 不变D. 没有规律参考答案：B解析：光敏电阻根据光照强度改变其电阻，光线越强电阻越小，反之越大。

5.两节普通干电池并联后的电压为？A. 1.5VB. 3VC. 6VD. 36V参考答案：A解析：并联电路各支路电压相同，输出电压不变，仍为1.5V。

6.Arduino UNO或Nano主控板，通过电位器旋转控制LED的亮度，程序运行下列表达正确的是?A. 电位器连接在3引脚，LED灯连接在A0引脚。

B. 电位器从一端旋转至另外一端时，LED灯的状态从最亮渐变到熄灭一次。

C. 电位器从一端旋转至另外一端时，LED灯的状态从最亮渐变到熄灭四次。

D. 电位器从一端旋转至另外一端时，LED灯的状态只有亮灭两种状态。

解析：电位器输入数值范围为：0-1023，模拟输出数值为：0-255(0为熄灭，255最亮)，从256开始相当于又从0开始到255变化，1023/255=4，所以选C。

7.下列模块中，属于逻辑运算符的是?A. B.C. D.参考答案：C解析：C为逻辑与运算。

LSAT分析推理篇

LSAT分析推理篇分析推理部分一般分四组，共有24个问题。

每组里面的每一个问题都基于一系列的条件，这些条件共同描述一种情况。

例如，把人分成几组，把物品按顺序排列等等。

这部分试题主要测试考生理解有关关系结构并推出结论的能力，于GRE考试逻辑部分极为相象。

【题型概况】1.有关分布的题型Six campers:Alice,Betty,Carmen,Dora,Gina,and Harriet are arranging a dishwashing schedule for the six days of their camping trip so that each of them will wash dishes on only one day.Betty washes either on day 2 or day 6.If Alice washes on day I,Carmen washes on day 4;Carmen does not wash on day 4 unless Alice washes on day I.If Alice washes on day I, Harriet washes on day 5; Harriet does not wash on day 5 unless Alice washes on day 1.If Gina does not wash on day 3, Alice washes on day 3.If Alice washes on day 4, Dora washes on day 5.If Betty washes on day 2, Gina washes on day 5.If Harriet washes on day 6, Dora washes on day 4.Question:*Which one of the following is an acceptable order in which the campers can wash dishes from the first to the last day?(A) Dora, Betty, Alice, Gina, Carmen, Harriet(B) Betty, Alice, Harriet, Carmen, Gina, Dora(C) Harriet, Gina, Betty, Carmen, Dora, Alice(D) Carmen, Betty, Alice, Dora, Gina, Harriet(E) Alice, Betty, Dora, Carmen, Gina, Harriet*If Dora washes on day 6, on which day does Carmen wash?(A) I (B) 2 (C)3 (D) 4 (E) 52.有关排列次序的问题Each of seven travelers—Norris,Oribe,Paulsen,Rosen,Semonelli, Tan, and Underwood—will be assigned to exactly one of nine airplane seats. The seats are numbered from 1 through 9 and arranged in rows as follows:Front row: 1 2 3Middle row: 4 5 6Last row: 7 8 9Only seats in the same row as each other are immediately beside each other. Seat assignments must meet the following conditions: Oribe’s seat is in the last row.Paulsen’s seat is immediately beside Rosen’s seat and also immediately beside an unassigned seat.Rosen’s seat is in the row immediately behind the row in which Norris’seat is located.Neither Semonelli nor Underwood is seated immediately beside Norris.Question:*Which one of the following is a pair of travelers who could be assigned to seats 2 and 8, respectively?(A) Norris, Semonelli(B) Oribe, Underwood(C) Paulsen, Oribe(D) Rosen, Semonelli(E) Underwood, Tan*If Semonelli and Underwood are not assigned to seats in the same row as each other, which one of the following must be false?(A) Norris is assigned to seat 2.(B) Paulsen is assigned to seat 5.(C) Rosen is assigned to seat 4.(D) Tan is assigned to seat 2.(E) Underwood is assigned to seat 1.3.有关编组的问题A jeweler makes a single strand of beads by threading onto a string in a single direction from a clasp a series of solid-colored beads. Each bead is either green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The resulting strand satisfies the following specifications: If a purple bead is adjacent to a yellow bead, any bead that immediately follows and any bead that immediately precedes that pair must be red.Any pair of beads adjacent to each other that are the same color as each other must be green.No orange bead can be adjacent to any red bead.Any portion of the strand containing eight consecutive beads must include at least one bead of each color.Question:*If the strand has exactly eight beads, which one of the following is an acceptable order,starting from the clasp,for the eight beads?(A) green, red, purple, yellow, red, orange, green,purple(B) orange, yellow, red, red, yellow, purple, red,green(C) purple, yellow, red, green, green, orange,yellow, orange(D) red, orange, red, yellow, purple, green, yellow,green(E) red, yellow, purple, red, green, red, green, green*If an orange bead is the fourth bead from the clasp, which one of the following is a pair that could be the second and third beads, respectively?(A) green, orange(B) green, red(C) purple, purple(D) yellow, green(E) yellow, purple4.有关空间分布的问题At an evening concert, a total of six songs—O, P,T, X, Y, and Z—will be performed by three vocalists—George, Helen, and Leslie. The songs will be sung consecutively as solos, and each will be performed exactly once.The following constraints govern the composition of the concert program:Y must be performed earlier than T and earlier than O.P must be performed earlier than Z and later than O.George can perform only X, Y, and Z.Helen can perform only T, P, and X.Leslie can perform only O, P, and X.The vocalist who performs first must be different from the vocalist who performs last.Question:*Which one of the following is an acceptable schedule for the performance of the songs,in order from the first to last song performed?(A) X, T, Y, O, P, Z(B) X, Z, Y, T, O, P(C) Y, O, P, X, T, Z(D) Y, P, O, Z, T, X(E) Y, X, O, P, Z, T*Which one of the following must be true about the program?(A) George performs X.(B) Helen performs O.(C) Helen performs T.(D) Leslie performs P.(E) Leslie performs X.【解题技巧】1.在解答每一组问题时，将其作为一个单元。

lsat考试内容

lsat考试内容LSAT（LawSchoolAdmissionTest）考试是面向全球的法律硕士（LLM）项目入学考试，是美国法律学界公认的最重要的入学考试、全球法律研究生入学考试，也是很多国家和地区法律学硕士研究生入学考试的官方考试。

在美国，只有通过LSAT考试达到最低要求，才可以考取法律学研究生学位，而在全球范围内，许多学校也会将入学要求纳入LSAT考试成绩。

LSAT考试包括分析思维测试（Analysis Reasoning Test）、阅读推理测试（Reading Comprehension Test）和推理推理测试（Logic Reasoning Test）三大部分，其中分析思维测试共有25题，每题有5个选项，阅读推理测试共有26题，每题有4个选项，而推理推理测试共有22题，每题有5个选项。

总共考试时间为155分钟，其中分析思维和阅读推理测试每个部分各分配35分钟，而推理推理测试则分配85分钟。

分析思维测试的考查内容是针对一个编制的结构化的推理，要求考生根据给出的图表、小故事或其他信息，分析出推理出结论并选择出正确的答案；阅读推理测试的内容是针对一篇文章，要求考生根据文章的内容，对文章所提出的概念、论点以及作者的态度等进行分析，并回答相应的题目；推理推理测试则是针对一系列句子，要求考生根据句子之间的联系，从中推断出一个结论，并将结论选择出来。

在参加LSAT考试前，考生需要进行足够的准备。

考生可以根据自身情况，选择学习LSAT考试内容的适合自身的学习方法，如进行一对一的辅导课，参加LSAT考试的培训班等，以提高考生的考试成绩。

在学习的过程中，考生需要通过阅读大量的文章，加深对文章题材的理解，练习更多的习题，并不断熟悉考试规则，以期达到最佳的考试成绩。

总之，LSAT考试是全球各大法律院校入学考试的必考项目，对于想要获得法律学研究生学位的考生而言，在参加LSAT考试前，应充分准备，练习习题、掌握考试规则，尤其是有必要多加学习考试内容，以达到让自己取得理想的成绩。

2022年12月青少年软件编程Python等级考试试卷三级真题(含答案)

2023年3月青少年软件编程Python等级考试试卷三级（含答案）分数：100 题数：38一、单选题(共25题，共50分)1.列表L1中全是整数，小明想将其中所有奇数都增加1，偶数不变，于是编写了如下图所示的代码。

请问，图中红线处，代码应该是？（D）L1 = [3,2,5,6,4,7,3,9,11,17,19,12]L2=[x+1 if ( )!=0 else x for x in L1 ]print(L2)A. x || 2B. x ^ 2C. x && 2D. x % 2答案解析：本题代码中，for x in L1 是在L1列表中循环，每次取出的值x交给if语句进行判断，如果除以2的余数不等于0，就是奇数，则x+1，若等于0则x值不变。

取余数的运算符是%，所以正确答案就是D。

2.小明为了学习选择排序的算法，编写了下面的代码。

针对代码中红色文字所示的一、二、三处，下面说法正确的是？（B）a = [8,4,11,3,9]count = len(a)for i in range(count-1):mi = ifor j in range(i+1,count):if a[mi] > a[j]: #代码一mi = j #代码二if i!=mi:a[mi],a[i] = a[i],a[mi] #代码三print(a)A. 如果找到更大的元素，则记录它的索引号。

B. 如果找到更小的元素，则记录它的索引号。

C. 在一趟选择排序后，不管是否找到更小的元素，mi所在元素都得与i所在的元素发生交换。

D. 代码三所在的行必然要运行。

3.小明编写了一段演示插入排序的代码，代码如下。

请问红色“缺失代码”处，应该填写哪段代码？（A）a = [8,4,11,3,9]count = len(a)for i in range(1, count):j = ib = a[i]while j>0 and b<a[j-1] :a[j] = a[j-1]缺失代码a[j] = bprint(a)A. j=j-1B. j=j+1C. j=i+1D. j=i-1答案解析：本题考查学生对插入排序算法的理解。

LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3

LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3section ⅲtime-35 minutes26 questionsdirections: each passage in this section if followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. for some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question, however, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.the fairness of the judicial process depends on the objective presentation of facts to an impartial jury made up of one's peers. present the facts, and you have a fair trial(5)however, fact-finding, especially for interpersonal disagreements, is not so straightforward and is often contaminated by variables that reach beyond the legal domain.(10)a trial is an attempt to transport jurors to the time and place of the disputed event, to recreate the disputed event, or at least to explain that event with maximum accuracy.a trial falls short of this goal, however.(15)because it presents selected witnesses who recite selected portions of their respective memories concerning selected observations of the disputed event. these multiple selections are referred to as the abstraction process.(20)limitations in both perception and memory are responsible for the fact that the remembered event contains only a fraction of the detail present during the actual event, and the delay between observation and(25)recitation causes witnesses' memories to lose evenmore of the original perceptions. during the course of a trial, a witness's recitation of the now-abstracted events may reflect selected disclosure based on his or her(30)attitudes and motivations surrounding that testimony. furthermore, the incidents reported are dependent on the lines of inquiry established by the attorneys involved. accordingly, the recited data are a(35)fraction of the remembered data, which are a fraction of the observed data, which are a fraction of the total data for the event. after the event that led to the trial has been abstracted by participants in the trial, jurors(40)are expected to resolve factual issues. some of the jurors' conclusions are based on facts that were directly recited; others are found inferentially. here another abstraction process takes place. discussions during deliberations.(45)add to the collective pool of recalled evidentiary perceptions; nonetheless, the jurors' abstraction processes further reduce the number of characteristics traceable to thenumber of characteristics traceable to the original event.(50)complication can arise from false abstractions at each stage. studies have shown that witnesses recall having perceived incidents that are known to be absent from a given event. conversely, jurors can remember(55)hearing evidence that is unaccounted for in court transcripts.explanations for these phenomena range from blas through prior conditioning or observer expectation to taully reportage of the event based on the event based on the(60)constraints of alnguage. aberrant abstractions in perception or deliberate, but reliability is nevertheiess diluted. finally, deliberate untruthfulness has always(65)been recognized as a risk of testimoniat evidence. such intentionally false inaccuracies produced by the abstraction process.1. in this passage, the author's main purpose is to(a) discuss a process that jeopardizes the famness of jury trials(b) analyze a methodology that safeguards the individual's right to fair trial(c) explain why jurors should view eyewiness testimony with skepticism(d) defend the trial-by-jury process, despite its limitations(e) point out the unavoidable abuses that have crept into the judicral process2.the author considers all of the following obstacies to a fair trial exceft(a) selective perceptions(b) faulty communications(c) partial disclosures(d) intentional falsifications(e) too few abstractions3.the author would most likely agree that the abstraction process occurs in the judicial process primarily because(a) some jurors' conclusions are based on facts rather than on inferences(b) remembered events depend upon an undividual's emotions(c) human beings are the sources and users of data presented in trials(d) it is difficult to distinguish between deliberate faisenood and unintentional selected disclosure(e) witnesses often dispute on eanother's recoliections of events4.it can be inferred that the author believes the ability of juries to resolve factual issues is(a) lmited by any individual juror's tendency to draw inferences from the facts presented during the trial(b) overwhelmed by the collective pool of recalled evidentiary perceptions(c) unaffected by the process of trying to reenact the event leading to the trial(d) dependent upon the jury's ability to understand theinfluence of the abstraction process on testimony(e) subject to the same limitations of perception and memory that affect witnesses5.with which one of the following statements would the author most likely agree?(a) if deliberate untruthfulness were all the courts had to contend with, jury trials would be fairer than they are today.(b) lack of moral standards is more of an impediment to a fair trial than human frailty.(c) the bulk of the inaccuracies produced by the abstraction process are innocently presented and rarely have any serious consequences.(d) if the inaccuracies resulting from the abstraction process persist, the present trial-by-jury system is likely to become a thing of the past.(e) once intentional falsification of evidence is eliminated from trials, ensuring an accurate presentation of facts will easily follow.6.the author's attitude toward the abstraction process that occurs when witnesses testify in a trial can best be describedas(a) confident that witnesses can be conditioned to overcome many limitations of memory(b) concerned that it may undermine witnesses ability to accurately describe the original event in dispute(c) critical of witnesses' motivations when delivering testimony(d) indifferent toward the effect the abstraction process has on testimony(e) suspicious of witnesses' efforts to describe remembered events truthfully7.given the information in the passage, the actual event that is disputed in a jury trial is most like(a) a group of job applicants that is narrowed down to a few finalists(b) a subject that is photographed from varjed and increasingly distant vantage points(c) scraps of fabric that are sewn together to make an intricately designed quilt(d) a puzzle that is unsystematically assembled through trial and error(e) a lie that is compounded by additional lies in order to be maintaineda medical article once pointed with great alarm to an increase in cancer among milk drinkers. cancer, it seems, was becoming increasingly frequent in new england,(5) minnesota, wisconsin, and switzerland, where a lot of milk is produced and consumed, while remaining rare in ceylon, where milk is scarce. for further evidence it was pointed out that cancer was less frequent in some(10)states of the southern united states where less milk was consumed. also, it was pointed out, milk-drinking english women get some kinds of cancer eighteen times as frequently as japanese women who seldom drink milk(15)a little digging might uncover quite a number of ways to account for these figures but one factor is enough by itself to show them up. cancer is predominantly a disease thatstrikes in middle life or after. switzerland(20)and the states of the united states mentioned first are alike in having populations with relatively long spans of life. english women at the time the study was made were living an average of twelve years longer than(25)japanese women.professor helen m. walker has worked out an amusing illustration of the folly in assuming there must be cause and effect whenever two things vary together. in investigating the(30)relationship between age and some physical characteristics of women, begin by measuring the angle of the feet in walking. you will find that the angle tends to be greater among older women. you might first consider whether(35)this indicates that women grow older because they toe out, and you can see immediately that this is ridiculous. so it appears that age increases the angle between the feet, and most women must come to toe out more(40)as they grow older.any such conclusion is probably false and certainly unwarranted. you could only reach it legitimately by studying the same women-or possibly equivalent groups-over a period of(45)time. that would eliminate the factor responsible here, which is that the older women grew up at a time when a young lady was taught to toe out in walking, while the members of the younger group were(50)learning posture in a day when that was discouraged.when you find somebody-usually an interested party-making a fuss about a correlation, look first of all to see if it is not (55) one of this type, produced by the stream of events, the trend of the times. in our time it is easy to show a positive correlation between any pair of things like these: number of students in college, number of inmates(60)in mental institutions, consumption of cigarettes,incidence of heart disease, use of x-ray machines, production of false teeth, salaries of california school teachers, profits of nevada gambling halls. to call some one(65)of these the cause of some other is manifestly silly. but it is done every day.8.the author's conclusion about the relationship between age and the ways women walk indicates he believes that(a) toeing out is associated with aging(b) toeing out is fashionable with the younger generation(c) toeing out was fashionable for an older generation(d) studying equivalent groups proves that toeing out increases with age(e) studying the same women over a period of time proves that toeing out increases with age.9.the author describes the posited relationship between toeing out and age (lines 29-40) in order to(a) illustrate a folly(b) show how social attitudes toward posture change(c) explain the effects of aging(d) illustrate a medical problem(e) offer a method to determine a woman's age from her footprints.10. given the author's statements in the passage, his advice for evaluating statistics that show a high positive correlation between two conditions could include all the following statements except(a) look for an explanation in the stream of events(b) consider some trend of the times as the possible cause of both conditions(c) account for the correlations in some way other than causality(d) determine which of the two conditions is the cause and which is the effect(e) decide whether the conclusions have been readched legitimately and the appropriate groupings have been made.11. assume that there is a high statistical correiationbetween college attendanceand individual earnings. given this, the author would most probably agree with which one of the following statements about the cause-effect relationship between college attendance and income?(a) someone's potential earnings may be affected by other variables, like wealth or intelligence, that are also associated with college attendance.(b) someone who attends graduate school will be rich.(c) someone who attends graduate school will earn more money than someone who does not.(d) someone who attends college will earn more money than someone who does not attend college.(e) some who attends college will earn more money only because she does attend college.12. according to the author professor walker beheves that(a) women who toe out age more rapidly than women who do not(b) most woment toe out as they grow older because ageincreases the angle between the feet.(c) older women tend to walk with a greater angle between the feet(d) toeing out is the reason why women grow old(e) a causal relationship must exist whenever two things vary together13. the author would reject all the following statements about cause-effect relationships as explanations for the statistics that show an increase in cancer rates except that the(a) ceylongese drink more milk than the english(b) swiss produce and consume large quantities of dairy products(c) women of new england drink more milk than the women who live in some states of the southern united states(d) people of wisconsin have relatively high life expectancies(e) people who live in some states of the southern united states have relatively high life expectancies14. how would the author be most likely to explain the correlation between the " salaries of california school teachers[and the] profits of nevada gambling halls" (lines 63-64)?(a) there is a positive correlation that is probably due to california teachers' working in las vegas on weekends to increase both their salaries and increase both their salaries and nevada's gambling profits.(b) there is a positive correlation that is probably linked to general economic trends, put no direct causal relationship exists.(c) there is a negative correlation that is probably linked to general economic trends, but no direct causal relationship exists.(d) there is a negative correlation because the element that controls las vegas gambling probably has agents in the calitornia school system.(e) the author would deny the existence of any correlation whatsoever.in most developed countries, men have higher salaries, on average, than women. much of the salary differential results from the tendency of women to be in lower-paying(5) occupations. the question of whether this occupational employment pattern can be attributed to sex discrimination is a complex one. in fact, wage differentials among occupations are the norm rather than the(10)exception. successful athletes commonly earn more than nobel prize-winning academics; gifted artists often cannot earn enough to survive, while mediocre investment bankers prosper. given such differences ,the question(15)naturally arises: talent and ability being equal why does anyone-man or woman-enter a low-paying occupation? one obvious answer is personal choice. an individual may prefer, for example, to teach math at a modest(20)salary rather than to become a more highly paid electrical engineer.some people argue that personal choice also explains sex-related wage differentials, according to this explanation, many women.(25)because they place a high priority on parenting and performing household services, choose certain careers inwhich they are free to enter and leave the work force with minimum penalty. they may choose to(30)acquire skills, such as typing and salesclerking, that do not depreciate rapidly with temporary absences from the work force. they may avoid occupational specialties that require extensive training periods, long and(35)unpredictable hours, and willingness to relocate, all of which make speclalzation in domestic activities problematic. by choosing to in vest less in developong their career potential and to expend less effort outside(40)the home, women must, according to this explanation, pay a price in the from of lower salaries. but women cannot be considered the victims of discrimination because they prefer the lower-paving occupartions to(45)hugher-paying ones.an alternative explanation for sex-related wage differentials is that women do not voluntarlly chooselower-paying occupations but are forced into them by employers and(50)social prejudices. according to proponents of this view, employers who discriminate may refuse to hire qualified women for relatively high-paying occupations. more generally, subtle society-wide prejudices may induce(55)women to avoid certain occupations in favor of others that are considered more suitable. indeed, the "choice" of women to specialize in parenting and performing household services may itself result from these subtle(60)prejudices. whether the discrimination is by employers in a particular occupation or by society as a whole is irrelevant; the effect will be the same. further, if such discrimination does occur, women exchuded from certain(65)occupations will flood others, and this increase in supply will have a depressing effect on wages in occupations dominated by women15. which one of the following is the best little for the passage?(a) wage differentials between men and women(b) women in low-paying occupations: do they have a choice?(c) sex discrimination in the workplace(d) the role of social prejudice in women's careers.(e) home vs. office: how does the modern woman choose?16. in stating that "successful athletes commonly earn more than nobel prize-winning academics" (lines 10-11), the author's primary purpose is to(a) demonstrate that education has little to do with making money(b) suggest that people with talent and ability should not enter low-paying occupations(c) show that highly paid occupations generally require long hours and extensive training(d) imply that a person can be successful and still not make much money(e) give an example of how certain occupations are better paid than others. tegardiess of inherent: worth or talent required17. which one of the following cases is least likely to involve sex descrimination, as it is described in the passage?(a) an employer hires a man rather than an equally qualified woman.(b) a woman chooses to enter a high-paying occupation that uses her talent and ability.(c) a woman chooses an occupation that is already dominated by women.(d) a woman chooses a low-paying job that allows her to devote more time to her family.(e) a woman chooses to avoid the pressure of being in an occupation not considered "suitable" for women18. proponents of the "alternative explanation" (line 46) argue that(a) employers have difficulty persuading quallriedwomen to enter relatively high-paying occupations(b) women choose undemanding jobs because they wish to keep their career options open(c) women will flood domestic occupations(d) salanes in female-dominated occupations will decrease as more women are forced into those occupations by their exclusion from others(e) women's choice of occupation is irrelevant since they have always made less money than men and are likely to continue to do so19. which one of the following statements is the best completion of the last paragraph of the passage?(a) wage differentials will become more exaggerated and economic parity between men and women less and less possible.(b) finally, women will be automatically placed in the same salary range as unskilled laborers.(c) the question is, how long will women allow themselves to be excluded from male-dominated occupations?(d) in the last analysis, women may need to ask themselves if they can really afford to allow sex discrimination to continue.(e) unless society changes its views, women may never escape the confines of the few occupations designated "for women only"20. the author's attitude toward sex discrmination as an explanation for wage differentials can best be characterized as an explanation for wage differentials can best be characterized as differentials can best be characterized as(a) critical of society's acceptance of discrimination(b) skeptical that discrimination is a factor(c) convinced that the problem will get worse(d) neutral with respect to its validity(e) frustrated by the intractability of the problemthe starting point for any analysis of insurance classification is an obvious but fundamental fact insurance is only one of a number of ways of satisfying the demand for(5) protection against risk with few exceptions, insurance need not be purchased; people can forgo it if insurance is too expensive indeed, as the price of coverage rises, the amount purchased and the number of people.(10)purchasing will decline. instead of buying insurance, people will self-insure by accumulating saving to serve as a cushion in the event of loss, self-protect by spending more on loss protection, or simply use the(15)money not spent on insurance to purchase other goods and services an insurer must compete against these alternatives., even in the absence of competition from other insurers.one method of competing for protection(20)dollars is to classify potential purchasers into groups according to their probability of loss and the potential magnitude of losses if they occur. different risk classes may then be charged different premiums, depending on(25)this expected loss. were it not for the need to compete for protection dollars, an insurer could simply chargeeach individual an insurer could simply charge each individual a premium based on the average expected loss of all its insureds (plus a margin for profit and(30)expenses), without incurring classification costs. in constructing risk classes, the insurer's goal is to calculate the expected loss of each insured, and to place insureds, with similar expected losses into the same.(35)class, in order to charge each the same rate. an insurer can capture protection dollars by classifying because, through classification, it can offer low-risk individuals lower prices. classification, however, involves two costs.(40)first, the process of classification is costly. insurers must gather data and perform statistical operations on it; marketing may also be more costly when prices are not uniform. second, classification necessarily(45)rauses premiums for poor risks, who purchase less coverage as a result. in the aggregate, classification is thus worthwhile to an insurer only when the gains produced fromextra sales and fewer pry-outs outweigh(50)classificaton costs plus the costs of lost sales. even in the absence of competition from other insurers, an insurer who engages in at least some classification is likely to capture more protection dollars than it loses.(55) when there is not only competition for available protection dollars, but competition among insurers for premium dollars, the value of risk classification to insurers becomes even clearer. the more refined (and accurate) an(60)insurer's risk classifications, the more capable it is of "skimming" good risks away from insurers whose classifications are less refined. if other insurers do not respond, either by refining their own classifications or(65)by raising prices and catering mainly to high risks, their "book" of risks will contain a higher mixture of poor risks who are still being charged premiums calculated for average risks these insurers will attract(70)additional poor risks, and this resulting adverse selection will further disadvantage their competitive positions.21. which one of the following best identifies the main topic of the passage?(a) reduction of competition in the insurance business(b) classification of potential insurance purchasers(c) risk avoidance in insurance sales(d) insurance protection and premiums(e) methods of insurance classifying22. the passage mentions all of the following as possible or certain costs of classifying except the cost of(a) collecting facts(b) conducting statistical analyses(c) selling insurance at different prices(d) a decrease in purchases by poor risks(e) larger, albeit fewer, claims23. which one of the following is closest to the author's expressed position on competition in the insurance business?(a) it has a significant influence on most aspects of the insurance industry.(b) it is a relevant factor, but it has little practical consequence.(c) it is a basic but not very apparent element of the insurance business.(d) it provides a strong incentive for insurers to classify potential customers.(e) it is influential in insurance marketing practices.24. the passage suggests that if all insurers classified risk, who among the following would be adversely affected?(a) all insurance purchasers(b) insurance purchasers who would be classified as poor risks(c) individuals who self-insured or self protected(d) insurers who had a high proportion of good risks in their "book" of risks(e) insurers with the most refined risk classifications25. given the discussion in the first paragraph, what is the distinction, if any, between "insurance" and "self-protection"?(a) there is very little or no distinction between the two terms.(b) insurance is a kind of self-protection.(c) self-protection is a kind of insurance.(d) insurance and self-protection are two of several alternative means to a specific end(e) insurance and self-protection are the only two alternative means to a specific end.26. which one of the following is most closely analogous to the process of classification in insurance, as it is described in the passage?(a) devising a profile of successful employees and hiring on the basis of the profile(b) investigating the fuel efficiency of a make of automobile and deciding whether or not to buy on that basis(c) assessing an investor's willingness to take risks beforesuggesting a specific investment(d) making price comparisons on potential major purchases and then seeking discounts from competing dealers(e) comparing prices for numerous minor nims and the selecting one store for future purchases.LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3 相关内容:。

LSAT考试全真题四参考答案.doc

LSAT考试全真题四参考答案section 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edcsection 1:bacde bdcba cbcdb eaada cddec edsection2:bdbcd cabce ecdaa abeeb adaeasection 3:beded deced bdbce aaadb acbdd bsection 4:daabc abcea badbe adeee edc。

最全LSAT考试详解

最全LSAT考试详解最全LSAT考试详解所有法学专业渴望留学的学子都要面对“LAST”这座大山，俗话说知己知彼才能百战不殆，下面就和店铺一起来了解一下这个独具特色的考试吧!LSAT(Law School Admission Test)，即法学院入学考试。

它是由位于美国宾西法尼亚州的法学院入学委员会负责主办的法学院入学资格考试。

几乎所有的美国、加拿大法学院、澳大利亚墨尔本大学都要求申请人参加LSAT考试。

LSAT考试共有五个部分(包含一个不记分的供入学委员会评估用的评测部分)，包括三个方面的内容，每部分时间为35分钟，另加30分钟的写作。

这三个方面的内容分别是阅读理解、逻辑推理及分析推理，主要测试考生下列几方面的能力：1.准确阅读并理解复杂文章的能力2.组织有关信息并得出合理结论的能力3.批判性地推理的能力4.对他人的推理进行分析和评价的能力考试自1948年起就以某种形式出现，它之所以被创立是在学校平均分GPA之外给予法学院考察申请人水平的标准。

目前的考试是1991年版。

考试分六个部分：4个选择题部分，不计分的写作部分，不计分的实验部分。

原始分值被转化为量表分数，最高180、最低120，平均数为150。

在申请法学院时，过去五年内的所有成绩都将被递交。

LSAT考试满分为180分，最低分为120分，其计算方法是根据选择的正确的答案的数目来确定。

选对25个左右，分数大概为130分;选对39个左右，分数大概为140分;选对55个，分数大致为150分;选对72个，分数为160;选对87个，分数为170分;选对98个以上，分数为满分180分。

一般来说，排名前14的法学院要求成绩都在170分以上;排名前25的法学要求成绩在160分以上。

考试成绩一般在考后五周左右由主办机构寄出，LSAT成绩在5年内有效。

LSAT考试每年举办四次，分别在2月、6月、10月及12月，考生不得在两年内参加超过3次LSAT的考试。

中国大陆地区6月和12月在北京大学有固定考试。

LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3

法学院入学考试(LSAT)历年全真试题整理

法学院入学考试(LSAT)历年全真试题整理It’s not an ideal time to be unemployed, and even those who have jobs are trying to hold on to them more fiercely than ever. So what happens when you don’t seal a deal? Or you lose a big client? Or you make an accounting error that costs your company thousands of dollars?现在不是失业的好时机，甚至连有工作的人都千方百计的想保住工作。

那么，当你没有谈妥一个订单时怎么办？你失去一个大客户又怎么办？或者由于你的计算错误而使公司损失了几千美元又怎么办呢？Don’t stand by and watch your career crumble! Take control today by using these tips to get into and get over what you did wrong。

不要只是不知所措的看着你的工作被毁。

采用下面的建议立即行动起来，弥补你犯的错误。

1. Own it. 承认错误While many of us would prefer to forget our mistakes, initially you need to acknowledge to your supervisor and everyone involved that you’re accepting responsibility for what went wrong. Advises career strategist Daisy Swan, "If you see something has gone awry, be sure to be proactive. Talk to the people you report to, and with, and be upfront with what happened."虽然我们中的大部分人都选择忘记我们犯的错，但是犯了错误之后，首先你要像你的上司和涉及到得每个人承认错误，并表示你愿意承担责任。

法学院入学考试(LSAT)阅读理解文章结构解析

法学院入学考试(LSAT)阅读理解文章结构解析1读文章就像拎衣服，要将衣领拎起来，要将主要观点拎出来，其他内容都为它服务，都围着它转。

读观点时，作者要批评某个观点，常将它放在AT BEST的位置，以便全面主要观点在末端，少数在倒数第二段末句：(为了得出主要观点作铺垫)1. 基于一个有不同看法的观点，包括作者的观点(作者观点在末段)2. 解释或回答某个问题或某种现象或PUZZLE(首段描述该问题，末段回答)3. 评价某人或某人的观点主要观点在首段，少数在二段首句(先明白要讲什麽)，有时观点具体内容在末端或倒数第二段末端1.作者详述某个观点(多数)2.解释或详述某人观点(作者没观点)3.描述新发现(新发现的过程)(作者没观点)A(FEBRUARY1996)(SuperPrep)第一篇：解释某个(历史学家)观点1. 历史学家对20世纪有关结婚的教会和法律意见赋予特殊意义。

法律方面2. 教会方面3. 某个历史学家对它赋予重要意义第二篇：解释(详述)某个观点(自己)(要结合以下内容)1.Nontraditional black women和filmmakers radical一样，与mainstream, realist cinematic 有problematic relation。

filmmakers radical方面2.Nontraditional black women方面3.举个例说明第三篇：描述某个理论(drifting continent)的发展(被接受的过程)1. 某人的drifting continent理论如果没有struggle，就不能成功2. 某人提出假设，J反对3. C提出支持4. 更有说服力的证据证明了该理论第四篇：评价某人观点1. 某人认为European Baroque反映了社会政治和文化的理念2. 3。

某人分析3. 某人的观点受其经验影响，高估了Baroque的作用。

法学院入学考试(LSAT)阅读理解文章结构解析2第一篇：详述自己某个观点1. 最近研究发现脊椎动物也像鱼一样会成群(schooling)(要结合以下内容)2. 如何成群3. 成群的PASSIVE ADVANTAGE4. 成群的ACTIVE ADVANTAGE5. 其他BENEFITS第二篇：解释某个疑问1. 觉得punishments公不公平的根源2. 有两种惩罚犯罪的原理：benefit to society和severity of the crime。

LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1

LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1section 1time-35 minutes24 questionsdirections: each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. in answering some of the questions, it may be useful to araw a rough diagram. choose the resoonse that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.questions 1-6seven students-fourth-year students kim and lee; third-year students pat and robin: and second-year students sandy, tety and val-and only those seven, are being assigned a rooms of equal size in a dormitory. each room assigned musthave either one or two or three students assigned to it and will accordingly be called either a single or a double or a triple. the seven students are assigned to moms in accordence with the following conditions:lio fourth-year student can be assigned to a triple.no second-year student can be assigned to a single.lee and pobin must not share the same roomkim and pat must share the same room.1. which one of the following is a combination of rooms to which the seven students could be assigned?(a) two triples and one single(b) one triple and four singles(c) three doubles and a stngle(d) two doubles and three singles(e) one double and five singles2. it the room assigned to robin is a single, which one of the following could be true?(a) there is exactly one double that has a second-year student assigned to it.(b) lee is assigned to a stngle.(c) sandy fat and one other student are zseigned to a triple together.(d) lixactly three of the rooms assigned to the students are singles(e) exactly two of the rooms assigned to the students are doubles.3. which one of the following must be true?(a) lee is assigned to a single(b) pat sharts a double with another student(c) robin shares a double with another student(d) two of the second-year students share a double with each other(e) neither of the third-year students is assigned to asingle4. if robin is assigred to a triple, which one of the following must be true?(a) lee is assigned to a single(b) two second-year students share a double with each other(c) none of the rooms assigned to the students is a single(d) two of the rooms assigned to the students are singles.(e) three of the rooms assigned to the students are singles5. if terry and val assigned to different doubles from each other, other, then it must be true of the students rooms that exactly(a) one is a single(b) two are singles(c) two are doubles(d) one is a triple(e) two are triples6. which one of the following could be true?(a) the two fourth-year students are assigned to singles.(b) the two fourth-year students share a double with cach other.(c) lee shares a room with a second-year student(d) lee shares a room with a third-year student(e) pat shares a triple with two other studentsquestions 7-11a worker will insert colored light bulbs into a billboard equipped with exactly three light sockets, which are labled lights 1, 2, and 3. the worker has three green bulbs, three purple bulbs, and three yellow bulbs. seiection of bulbs for the sockets is governed by the following conditions:whenever light 1 is purple, light 2 must be yellow.whenever light 2 is purple, light 1 must be green.whenever light 3 is either purple or yellow, light 2 mustbe purple.7. which one of the following could be an accurate list of the colors of light bulbs selected for lights 1, 2 and 3, respectively?(a) green, green, yellow(b) purple, green, green(c) purple, purple, green(d) yellow, purple, green(e) yellow, yellow, yellow8. if light 1 is yellow, then any of the following can be true, except:(a) light 2 is green.(b) light 2 is purple(c) light 3 is green(d) light 3 is purple(e) light 3 is yellow9. there is exactly one possible color sequence of the threelights if which one of the following is true?(a) light 1 is purple.(b) light 2 is purple.(c) light 2 is yellow(d) light 3 is purple.(e) light 3 is yellow10. if no green bulbs are selected, there are exactly how many possible different color sequences of the three lights?(a) one(b) two(c) three(d) four(e) five11. if no two lights are assigned light bulbs that are the same color as each other, then which one of the following could be true?(a) light i is green, and light 2 is purple.(b) light i is green, and light 2 is yellow.(c) light i is purple, and light 2 is yellow.(d) light i is yellow, and light 2 is green.(e) light i is yellow, and light 2 is purple.questions 12-17an attorney is scheduling interviews with witnesses for a given week. monday through saturday. two full consecutive days of the week must be reserved for interviewing hostile withesses. in addition, nonhostile witnesses q, r, u, x, y, and z will each be interviewed exactly once for a full morning or afternoon. the only witnesses who will be interviewed simultaneously with each other are q and r. the following conditions apply.x must be interviewed on thursday morningq must be interviewed at some time before x.u must be interviewed at some time before rz must be interviewed at some time after x and at some time after y.12. which one of the following is a sequence, from first to last, in which the nonhostile witnesses could be interviewed?(a) q with r, u, x, y, z(b) q, u, r, x, with y, z(c) u, x, q, with r, y, z(d) u, y, q, with r, x, z(e) x, q, with u, z, r, y13, which one of the following is acceptable as a complete schedule of witnesses for tuesday morning. tuesday afternoon, and wednesday morning,respectively?(a) q, r, none(b) r, none, y(c) u, y, none(d) u, y, none(e) y, z, none14.if y is interviewed at some time after x, which one of the following must be a day reserved for interviewing hostile witnesses?(a) monday(b) tuesday(c) wednesday(d) friday(e) saturday15. if r is interviewed at some time after y which one of the following must be a day reserved for interviewing hostile witnesses?(a) monday(b) tuesday(c) wednesday(d) thursday(e) friday16. if on wednesday afternoon and on monday the attomey conducts no interviews, which one of the followingbe true?(a) q is interviewed on the same day as u(b) r is interviewed on the same day as y(c) y is interviewed on the same day as u(d) y is interviewed on the same day as wednesday(e) z is interviewed on the same day as friday17. if z is interviewed on saturday morning which one of the following can be true?(a) wednesday is a day reserved for interiewing hostile witnesses.(b) friday is a day reserved for interviewing hostile witnesses.(c) r is interviewed on thursday(d) u is interviewed on tuesday(e) y is interviewed at some time before thursdayquestions 18-24during a four-week period, cach of seven previously unadvertised products-g, h, j, k, l, m, and o-will be advertised.a different pair of these products will be advertised each week. exactly one of the products will be a member of two of these four pairs. the following constraints must be observed:j is not advertised during a given week unless h is advertised during the immediately precceding week.the product that is advertised during two of the weeks is advertised during week 4 but is not advertised during week 3g is not advertised during a given week unless either j or else o is also advertised that week.k is advertised during one of the first two weekso is one of the products advertised during week 318. which one of the following could be the schedule of advertisernents?(a) week 1: g, j; week 2: k, l; week 3: o, m; week 4: h, l(b) week 1: h, k; week 2: j, g; week 3: o, l; week 4: m, k(c) week 1: h, k; week 2: j, m; week 3: o, l; week 4: g, m(d) week 1: h, l; week 2: j, m; week 3: o, g; week 4: k, l(e) week 1: k, m; week 2: h, j; week 3: o, g; week 4: l, m19. which one of the following is a pair of products that cannot be advertised during the same week as each other?(a) h and k(b) h and m(c) j and o(d) k and l(e) l and m20. which one of the following must be advertised during week 2?(a) g(b) j(c) k(d) l(e) m21. which one of the following cannot be the product that is advertised during two of the weeks?(a) g(b) h(c) k(d) l(e) m22. if l is the product that is advertised during two of the weeks, which one of the following is a product that must be advertised during one of the weeks in which l is advertised(a) g(b) h(c) j(d) k(e) m23. which one of the following is a product that could be advertised in any of the four weeks?(a) h(b) j(c) k(d) l(e) o24. which one of the following is a pair of products that could be advertised during the same week as each other(a) g and h(b) h and j(c) h and o(d) k and o(e) k and o(f) m and oLSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1 相关内容:。

美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题4

美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题4【简介】：读真题1(含答案)Historiansgenerallyagreethat,ofthegreatmoderninnovations,therailroadhadthemostfar-r eachingimpactonmajoreventsintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenth精品源自教学论文读真题1(含答案)Historians generally agree that, of the great modern innovations, the railroad had the most far-reaching impact on major events in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly on the Industrial Revolution. There is, however, considerable disagreement among cultural historians regarding public attitudes toward the railroad, both at its inception in the 1830s and during the half century between 1880 and 1930, when the national rail system was netpleted and reached the zenith of its popularity in the United States. In a recent book, John Stilgoe has addressed this issue by arguing that the “romantic-era distrust” of the railroad that he claims was present during the 1830s vanished in the decades after 1880. But the argument he provides in support of this position is unconvincing.What Stilgoe calls “romantic-era distrust” was in fact the reaction of a minority of writers, artistes, and intellectuals who distrusted the railroad not so much for what it was as for what it signified. Thoreau and Hawthorne appreciated, even admired, an improved means of moving things and people from one place to another. What these writers and others were concerned about was not the new machinery as such, but the new kind ofeconomy, social order, and culture that it prefigured. In addition, Stilgoe is wrong to imply that the critical attitude of these writers was typical of the period: their distrust was largely a reaction against the prevailing attitude in the 1830s that the railroad was an unqualified improvement.Stilgoe’s assertion that the ambivalence toward the railroad exhibited by writers like Hawthorne and Thoreau disappeared after the 1880s is also misleading. In support of this thesis, Stilgoe has unearthed an impressive volume of material, the work of hitherto unknown illustrators, journalists, and novelists, all devotees of the railroad; but it is not clear what this new material proves except perhaps that the works of popular culture greatly expanded at the time. The volume of the material proves nothing if Stilgoe’s point is that the earlier distrust of a minority of intellectuals did not endure beyond the 1880s, and, oddly, much of Stilgoe’s other evidence indicates that it did. When he glances at the treatment of railroads by writers like Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, or F. Scott Fitzgerald, what netes through in spite of Stilgoe’s analysis is remarkably like Thoreau’s feeling of contrariety and ambivalence. (Had he looked at the work of Frank Norris, Eugene O’Neill, or Henry Adams, Stilgoe’s case would have been much stronger.) The point is that the sharp contrast between the enthusiastic supporters of the railroad in the 1830s and the minority of intellectual dissenters during that period extended into the 1880s and beyond.7. The passage provides information to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT:(A) During what period did the railroad reach the zenith of its popularity in the UnitedStates?(B) How extensive was the impact of the railroad on the Industrial Revolution in the United States, relative to that of other modern innovations?(C) Who are some of the writers of the 1830s who expressed ambivalence toward the railroad?(D) In what way could Stilgoe have strengthened his argument regarding intellectuals’ attitudes toward the railroad in the years after the 1880s?(E) What arguments did the writers after the 1880s, as cited by Stilgoe, offer to justify their support for the railroad?8. According to the author of the passage, Stilgoe uses the phrase “romantic-era distrust” (line 13) to imply that the view he is referring to was(A) the attitude of a minority of intellectuals toward technological innovation that began after 1830(B) a netmonly held attitude toward the railroad during the 1830s(C) an ambivalent view of the railroad expressed by many poets and novelists between 1880 and 1930(D) a critique of social and economic developments during the 1830s by a minority of intellectuals(E) an attitude toward the railroad that was disseminated by works of popular culture after 18809. According to the author, the attitude toward the railroad that was reflected in writings of Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald was(A) influenced by the writings of Frank Norris, Eugene O’Neill, and Henry Adams(B) similar to that of the minority of writers who had expressed ambivalence toward the railroad prior to the 1880s(C) consistent with the public attitudes toward the railroad that were reflected in works of popular culture after the 1880s(D) largely a reaction to the works of writers who had been severely critical of the railroad in the 1830s(E) consistent with the prevailing attitude toward the railroad during the 1830s10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author uses the phrase “works of popular culture” (line 41) primarily to refer to the(A) work of a large group of writers that was published between 1880 and 1930 and that in Stilgoe’s view was highly critical of the railroad(B) work of writers who were heavily influenced by Hawthorne and Thoreau(C) large volume of writing produced by Henry Adams, Sinclair Lewis, and Eugene O’Neill(D) work of journalists, novelists, and illustrators who were responsible for creating enthusiasm for the railroad during the 1830s(E) work of journalists, novelists, and illustrators that was published after 1880 and that has received little attention from scholars other than Stilgoe11. Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the work of Frank Norris, Eugene O’Neill, and Henry Adams?(A) Their work never achieved broad popular appeal.(B) Their ideas were disseminated to a large audience by the popular culture of the early 1800s.(C) Their work expressed a more positive attitude toward the railroad than did that of Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald.(D) Although they were primarily novelists, some of their work could be classified as journalism.(E) Although they were influenced by Thoreau, their attitude toward the railroad was significantly different from his.12. It can be inferred from the passage that Stilgoe would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements regarding the study of cultural history?(A) It is impossible to know exactly what period historians are referring to when they use the term “romantic era.”(B) The writing of intellectuals often anticipates ideas and movements that are later embraced by popular culture.(C) Writers who were not popular in their own time tell us little about the age in which they lived.(D) The works of popular culture can serve as a reliable indicator of public attitudes toward modern innovations like the railroad.(E) The best source of information concerning the impact of an event as large as the Industrial Revolution is the private letters and journals of individuals.13. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) evaluate one scholar’s view of public attitudes toward the railroad in the UnitedStates from the early nineteenth to the early twentieth century(B) review the treatment of the railroad in American literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries(C) survey the views of cultural historians regarding the railroad’s impact on major events in United States history(D) explore the origins of the public support for the railroad that existed after the netpletion of a national rail system in the United States(E) define what historians mean when they refer to the “romantic-era distrust” of the railroad参考答案：7-13 EBBECDA。

精选最新2020年LTE各厂家L1-L3测试版题库1088题(含标准答案)

2020年LTE各厂家考试题库1088题[含答案]一、选择题1．X2接口的主要功能包括（）A.小区间负载管理B.UE在ECM-CONNECTED状态下LTE系统内的移动性支持,上下文从源eNB到目标eNB 的转移C.E-RAB业务管理功能D.与3GPP系统间切换答案：AB2．根据协议对LTE系统需求支持的定义，从主流状态到激活状态的时延和零负载（单用户.单数据流）.小IP分组条件下单向时延分别小于多少：A.50ms和10msB.100ms和5msC.200ms和5msD.100ms和50ms答案：B3．反向覆盖测试系统的信号接收部分是采用什么实现的？A.GPS天线B.MT发射机C.TMR固定接收机D.基站答案：D4．日常监控巡检中，eNB单板运行温度不应超过（）摄氏度A.80B.90C.60D.70答案：A5．室外测试中，邻区PCI （20）与测试小区PCI（71）模 3冲突，同时两个小区在测试点的RSRP接近，这将导致测试点（）干扰较强，（）产生突降A.RS-SINR,RSB.RSRQ,RS-SINRC.RS-SINR,RSRQD.RS,RS-SINR答案：D6．下列关于切换过程描叙正确的是（）A.切换过程中，收到源小区发来的RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION，UE在目标小区随机接入后并在目标小区上送RRC CONNECTION SETUP RECONFIGURATION COMPELTEB.切换过程中，收到源小区发来的RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION，UE无需随机接入过程，直接在目标小区上送RRC CONNECTION SETUP RECONFIGURATION COMPELTEC.切换过程中，收到源小区发来的RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION，UE在源小区发送RRC CONNECTION SETUP RECONFIGURA TION COMPELTED.切换过程中，UE在目标随机接入后收到目标小区发来的RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION后在目标小区上送RRC CONNECTION SETUP RECONFIGURATION COMPELTE答案：A7．传播损耗与以下哪些因素有关（）A.建筑物材质B.信号强度C.频率D.信号入射角答案：ACD8．关于空闲态小区重选对现有2/3G网络及用户体验的影响，下面说法错误的是（）A.需软件升级LTE覆盖区内所有SGSN以识别LTE多模终端并将其路由至LTE网络B.频繁重选导致终端耗电增加,待机时间缩短C.需软件升级LTE覆盖区内所有2/3G现网无线设备，小区广播中支持LTE邻区:重选优先级等新参数的配置D.执行重选时对用户拨打电话没有影响答案：D9．小区规划包括A.频率规划B.TA规划C.PCI规划D.PRACH规划答案：ABCD10．下面那个软件不能够进行传播模型校正A.AtollPC.CApessoD.AirCom答案：C11．一个完整的呼叫接通率包括哪个层次（）A.寻呼成功率B.RRC连接建立成功率C.E-RAB指配建立成功率D.专用承载建立成功率答案：ABC12．对于异系统干扰，在规划建设阶段就要关注A.避免不同制式的天线正对或斜对B.系统间要保证合适的隔离度C.共制式尽量垂直分布D.共制式尽量水平分布答案：ABC13．TD-LTE系统相同优先级邻区小区重选参数包括（）。

推荐-LSAT考试全真试题四含答案4部分精品

LSAT考试全真试题四SECTION 1Time—35 minutes27 QuestionsDirections: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated for implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question However you jare to choose the best answer. that is, the response that most accurately and pletely answers the question. and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment. "risk munication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and(5) should be ignored. Those who municate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of technological risk. and they can cite studies asserting that. although people apparently ignore mundane hazards that pose(10) significant danger, they get upset about exotic hazards that pose little chance of death or injury. Because some risk municators take this persuasive stance, many lay people see "risk munication" as a euphemism for brainwashing done by experts(15)Since however the goal of risk munication should be to enable people to make informed decisions about technological risks, a clear understanding about how the public perceives risk is needed. Lay people s definitions of "risk" are more likely to reflect(20) subjective ethical concerns than are experts definitions Lay people for example tend to perceive a small risk to children as more significant than a large risk to consenting adults who benefit from the risk-creating technology. However, if asked to rank hazards(25) by the number of annual fatalities, without reference to ethical judgments, lay people provide quite reasonalbe estimates, demonstrating that they have substantial knowledge about many risks. Although some studies claim to demonstrate that lay people have inappropriate(30) concerns about exotic hazards. these studies often use questionable methods, such as asking lay people to rank risks that are hard to pare, In contrast, a recent study showed that when lay people were given the necessary facts and time they understood the specific(35) risks of electromagnetic fields produced by high-voltage power transmission well enough to make informed decisionsRisk munication should therefore be based on the principle that people process new in(40) the context of their existing beliefs. If people know nothing about a topic they will find messages about that topic inprehensible, If they have erroneous beliefs, they are likely to misconstrue the messages. Thus, municators need to know the nature and(45) extent of recipients knowledge and beliefs in order to design messages that will not be dismissed or misinterpreted. This need was demonstrated in a research project concerning the public s level of knowledge about risks posed by the presence of radon(50) in the home. Researchers used open-ended interviews and questionnaires to determine what should be included in their brochure on radon. Subjects who read the researchers brochure performed significantly better in understanding radon risks than significantly better in understanding radon risks than(55) did a control group who read a brochure that was written using a different approach by a government agency. Thus, careful preparation can help risk municators to produce balanced material that tells people what they need to know to make decisions(60) about technological risks1. Which one of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?(A) Risk municators are effectively addressing the proloferation of plex technologies that have increasing impact on public health and safety.(B) Risk municators should assess lay people s understanding of technologies in order to be able to give them the they need to make reasonable decisions.(C) Experts who want to municate to the public about the possible risks of plex technologies must simplify their message to ensure that it is understandable(D) Risk munication can be perceived as the task of persuading lay people to accept the impact of a particular technology on their lives.(E) Lay people can be unduly influenced by subjective concerns when making decisions about technological risks.2. The authors of the passage would be most likely to agree that the primary purpose of risk munication should be to(A) explain rather than to persuade(B) promote rather than to justify(C) influence experts rather than to influence lay people(D) allay people s fears about mundane hazards rather than about exotic hazards.(E) foster public acceptance of new technologies rather than to acknowledge people s ethical concerns3. According to the passage,it is probable that which one of the following will occur when risk municators attempt to municate with lay people who have mistaken ideas about a particular technology?(A) The lay people perceiving that the risk municators have provided more-reliable , will discard their mistaken notion(B) The lay people will only partially revise their ideas on the basis of the new(C) The lay people fitting the new into their existing framework will interpret the munication differently that the risk municators had intended(D) The lay people misunderstanding the new infromation will further distort the when they municate it to other lay people(E) The lay people will ignore any munication about a technology they consider potentially dangerous4. Which one of the following is most clearly an example of the kind of risk perception discussed in the "studies" mentioned in line 8?(A) A skydiver checks the lines on her parachute several times before a jump because tangled lines often keep the parachutes from opening properly(B) A person decides to quit smoking in order to lesson the probability of lung damage to himself and his family(C) A homeowner who decides to have her house tested for radon also decides not to allow anyone to smoke in her house(D) A person who often weaves in and out of traffic while driving his car at excessive speeds worries about meteorites hitting his house(E) A group of townspeople opposes the building of a nuclear waste dump outsider their town and proposes that the dump be placed in another town.5. It can be inferred that the authors of the passage would be more likely than would the risk municators discussed in the first paragraph to emphasize which one of the following?(A) lay people s tendency to bee alarmed about technologies that they find new or strange(B) lay people s tendency to pare risks that experts would not consider parable(C) the need for lay people to adopt scientists advice about technological risk.(D) the inability of lay people to rank hazards by the number of fatalities caused annually(E) the impact of lay people s value systems on their perceptions of risk.6. According to the passage many lay people believe which one of the following about risk munication?(A) It focuses excessively on mundane hazards(B) It is a tool used to manipulate the publie(C) It is a major cause of inaccuracies in public knowledge about science(D) It most often funcitions to help people make informed decisions(E) Its level of effectiveness depends on the level of knowledge its audience already hasIn April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon city, south Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent pany(5) of their employers. who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers from the beginning the union cause was championed by an unprecedented coalition of Korean American groups and deeply affected the Korean American(10) munity on several levels.First, it served as a rallying focus for a diverse munity often divided by generation, class and political ideologies. Most notably, the Pico cause mobilized many young second-generation Korean(15) Americans, many of whom had never been part of a political campaign before, let alone one involving Korean issues. Members of this generation unlike first-generation Korean Americans, generally fall within the more privileged sectors of the Korean American(20) munity and often feel alienated from their Korean roots In addition to raising the political consciousness of young Korean Americans, the Pico struggle sparked among them new interest in their cultural identity The Pieo workers also suggested new roles that can be(25) played by recent immigrants, particularly working-class immigrants These immigrants knowledge of working conditions overseas can help to globalize the perspective of their munities and can help to establish international ties on a more personal level, asSECTION IITime—35 minutes25 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is the response that most accurately and pletely answers the question. You should pot make assumptions that are by monsense standards implausible, superfluous, or inpatible with the passage After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on you answer sheet.1. Press release A prehensive review evaluating the medical studies done up to the present time has found no reason to think that drinking coffee in normal amounts harms the coffee-drinker s heart So coffee drinkers can relax and enjoy their beverage—it is safe to drink coffeeWhich one of the following points to a weakness in the reasoning in the press release s argument?(A) The review was only an evaluation of studies and did not itself undertake to study patients.(B) The health of the heart is not identical with the general health of the body(C) Coffee drinkers might choose to eat along with their coffee foods contaming substances that harm the heart(D) Other beverages besides coffee might contain stimulants that have some effect on the heart(E) Drinking unusually large amounts of coffee could be caused by stress that itself directly harms the heart2. All people prefer colors that they can distinguish easily to colors that they have difficulty distinguishing. Infants can easily distinguish bright colors but, unlike adults, have difficulty distinguishing subtle shades. A brightly colored toy for infants sells better than the same toy in subtle shades at the same priceWhich one of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the in the passage?(A) Infants prefer bright primary colors to bright secondary colors(B) Color is the most important factor in determining which toys an infant will prefer to play with(C) Individual infants do now have strong preferences for one particular bright color over other bright colors(D) The sales of toys ofr infants reflect the preferences of infants in at least one respect(E) Toy makers study infants to determine what colors the infants can distinguish easily3. A group of unusual meteorites was found in Shergotty. India. Their structure indicates that they originated on one of the geologically active planets. Mercury, Venus, or Mars Because of Mercury s proximity to the Sun any material dislodged from that planet s surface would have been captured by the Sun, rather than falling to Earth as meteorites, Nor could Venus be the source of the meteorites, because its gravity would have prevented dislodged material from escaping into space The meteorites, therefore, probably fell to Earth after being dislodged from Mars, perhaps as the result of a collision with a large objectThe argument derives its conclusion by(A) offering a counterexample to a theory(B) eliminating peting alternative explanations(C) contrasting present circumstances with past circumstances(D) questioning an assumption(E) abstracting a general principle from specific data4. Because quitting smoking is very stressful and leads to weight gain, it is difficult to do. The key to quitting however, may be as simple as replacing an unhealthy activity with a healthy one In one study half of htose attempting to quit were assigned to a smoking-cessation program alone, and the other half were assigned to the same program plus fifteen weeks of aerobic exercise the one-month mark none in the first group had quit but 40 percent of those in the second group had not smokedEach of the following, if true, provides some support for the argument EXCEPT:(A) Regular exercise prevents weight gain(B) Each group in the study included four hundred randomly selected participants(C) Nonsmokers accustomed to regular exercise do not gain weight when they stop exercising(D) Aerobic exercise can stimulate the brain s production of endorphins. which reduce tension(E) Of those in the second group in the study 38 percent had not smoked at the one-year mark.5. Altogethe, the students in Ms. Tarnowski s Milton Elementary School class collected more aluminum cans than did the students in any of the school s other classes Therefore, the Milton student who collected the most aluminum cans was in Ms Tarnowski s classWhich one of the following arguments contains flawed reasoning that is most paralled to that in the argument above?(A) Altogether, more trees were planted by the students in Mr Kelly s class than were planted by those in Mr Liang s class and Mr Jackson s class bined Therefore. Mr Kelly s students planted more trees than Mr Jackson s students planted(B) More than half of Milton Elementary School s students play in the band and more than half of the school s students sing in the choir Therefore, every student at Milton Elementary School either plays in the band or sings in the choir(C) Mr Rowe s Milton Elementary School class raised more money by selling candy bars than Ms Hunt s class raised by holding a raffle. Therefore, the number of candy bars sold by Mr Rowe s class was greater than the number of raffle tickets sold by Ms. Hunt s class(D) The total number of tickets to the school fair sold by the students in Ms. Ramirez s Milton Elementary School class was greater than the number sold by Milton students from any other class. Therefore, the Milton student who sold the most tickets to the school fair was a student in Ms Rairez s class(E) Ms. Ventura s Milton Elementary School class assembled more birdhouses than did anyof the school s other classes. Since Ms Ventura s class had fewer students than any other Milton class, her students assembled more birdhouse on average than did the students in any other Milton class6. Several excellent candidates have been proposed for the presidency of United Wire and each candidate would bring to the job different and experience If the others are pared with Jones however it will be apparent that none of them has her unique set of qualifications Jones therefore is best qualified to be the new president of United WireThe argument is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that it(A) uses flattery to win over those who hold an opposing position(B) refutes a distorted version of an opposing position(C) seeks to distinguish one member of a group on the basis of something that applies to all(D) supports universal claim on the basis of a single example(E) describes an individual in terms that appropriately refer only to the group as a whole7. A neighborhood groupp plans to protest the closing of the neighborhood s only recreation center on the grounds that to do so would leave the neighborhood without local access to a recreation center "Our neighborhood already has the most residents per center of any neighborhood in the city" plained one resident, "and closing this center would make the situation unacceptable since access to recreational facilities is a necessity for this neighborhood"Each of the following if true weakens the resident s argument EXCEPT(A) A large number of the neighborhood s residents are unable to travel outside their locality to gain access to recreational facilities(B) Children, the main users of recreational facilities make up a disproportionately small segment of the neighborhood s population(C) Often the recreation center in the neighborhood is open but not being used.(D) Programs that are routinely filled at other recreation centers must be canceled at the ngighborhood s recreation center due to lack of interest(E) As people bee more involved in puters and puter games recreation centers are being increasingly less important8. Sociologist: The claim that there is a large number of violent crimes in our society is false, for this claim is based upon the large number of stories in newspapers about violent crimes. But since violent crimes are very rare occurrences, newspapers are likely to print stories about them.The sociologist s argument is flawed because it(A) presupposes that most newspaper stories are about violent crime(B) presupposes the truth of the conclusion it is attempting to establish(C) assumes without warrant that the newspaper stories in question are not biased(D) mistakes property of each member of a group taken as an individual for a property of the group taken as a whole(E) uncritically draws an inference from what has been true in the past to what will be true in the future9. Historian Anyone who thinks that the terrors of the ancient rgeime of Q were exclusively the work of fanatics is overlooking a basic truth the regime was made up primarily of ordinary people enthusiasically seeking paradist. The regime executed many people in pursuit of its goal. but it later became clear that paradise as they defined it, is unrealizable So at least some of the ordinary people of Q were in fact murdreersWhich one of the following principles, if valid, provides the most support for the historian s argumentation?(A) The pursuit of paradise does not justify murder(B) The pursuit of paradise justifies fanaticism(C) Execution in pursuit of what is later found to be unattainable constitutes murder(D) Fanaticism in pursuit of paradise constitutes inhumanity(E) Enthusiasm in pursuit of what is eventually found to be unattainable constitutes fanaticismSECTION IIITime—35 minutes26 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question.However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and pletely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by monsense standards implausible,superfluous, or inpatible with the passage After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Francis: Pailure to bee properly registered to vote prevents one-third of the voting-age citizens of Lagonia from voting. If local election boards made the excessively cumbersome registration process easier. more people would register and voteSharon: The high number of citizens not registered to vote has persisted despite many attempts to make registering easier. Surveys show that most of these citizens believe that their votes would not make a difference. Until that belief is changed, simplifying the registration process will not increase the percentage of citizens registering to voteThe main issue in dispute between Francis and Sharon is(A) whether changing the voter registration process would be cumbersome(B) why so many citizens do not register to vote(C) what percentage of those registered to vote actually vote(D) whether local election boards have simplified the registration process(E) why the public lacks confidence in the effects of voting2. Advertisement Anyone who thinks moisturizers are not important for beautiful skin should consider what happens to the earth, the skin of the word, in times of drought. Without regular infusions of moisture the ground bees lined and cracked and its lush loveliness fades away. Thus your skin, too, should be protected from the protection provided by regular infusions of Dewyfresh the drought-defying moisturizer.The Dewyfresh advertisement exhibits which one of the following errors of reasoning?(A) It treats something that is necessary for bringing about a state of affairs as something that is sufficient to bring about that state of affairs(B) It treats the fact that two things regularly occur together as proof that there is a single thing that is the cause of them both(C) It overlooks the fact that changing what people think is the case does not necessarily change what is the case.(D) It relies on the ambiguity of the term "infusion." which can designate either a process or the product of that process(E) It relies on an analogy between two things that are insufficiently alike in the respects in which they would have to be alike for the conclusion to be supported.Questions 3-4M: The Greek alphabet must have been invented by some individual who knew the Phoenician writing system and who wanted to have some way of recording Homeric epies and thereby preserving expressions of a highly developed traditin of oral poetry.P: Your hypothesis is laughable! What would have been the point of such a person s writing Homeric epices down? Surely a person who knew them well enough to write them down would not need to read them, and no one else could read them, according to your hypothesis.3. Which one of the following is an argumentative strategy that P uses in responding to M?(A) attacking M s understanding of the literary value of oral poetry(B) disagreeing with M s thesis without attempting to refute it(C) challenging M s knowledge of the Phoenician writing system(D) attempting to undermine M s hypothesis by making it appear absurd(E) providing an alternative interpretation of evidence put forward by M4. P s argument is vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?(A) It fails to demonstrate that the Phoenician alphabet alone could have provided the basis for the Greek alphabet(B) It incorrectly assumes that the first text ever written in Greek was a Homeric poem(C) It confuses the requirements for a plex oral tradition with the requirements of a written language(D) It attempts to demonstrate the truth of a hypothesis merely by showing that it is possible.(E) It overlooks the possibility that person who invented the Greek alphabet did so with the intention of teaching it to others.5. Bacteria from food can survive for several days on the surface of plastic cutting boards, but bacteria can penetrate wooden cutting boards almost immediately, leaving the surface free of contamination. Therefore, wooden cutting boards, unlike plastic cutting boards, need not be washed in order to prevent their conta-minating food that is cut on them; wiping them off to remove food debris is sufficient.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?(A) Washing plastic cutting boards does not remove all bacteria from the surface(B) Prevention of bacterial contamination is the only respect in which wooden cutting boards are superior to plastic cutting boards.(C) Food that is not already contaminated with bacteria can be contaminated only by being cut on contaminated cutting boards.(D) Bacteria that penetrate into wooden cutting boards do not reemerge on the surface after the cutting boards have been used(E) Washing wooden cutting boards kills bacteria below the surface of the cutting boards.6. Asthmagon was long considered the most effective of the drugs known as beta-2 agonists, designed to alleviate asthma attacks. However. studies conducted in Rhiago between 1981 and 1987 revealed that nearly one out of every five of the asthma patients under observation who took asthmagon suffered serious side effects after taking the drug. Citing this statistic. some docotors argue that asthmagon should be banned as an anti-asthma drug.Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the case for the proposed ban of asthmagon?(A) In Rhiago, where asthmagon had been the most widely prescribed of the beta-2 agonists, the number of asthma deaths increased between 1981 and 1987.(B) Many of the patients under observation to whom asthmagon was administered had not previously taken a beta-2 agonist(C) Despite the growing concern about the drug many physicians in Rhiago still prescribeasthmagon to asthma sufferers(D) Among the patients observed, only those who had very high cholesterol counts suffered side effects after taking asthmagon(E) Asthmagon increases the severity of asthma attacks in some people because the drug can cause damage to heart tissues7. In response to requests made by the dairy industry the government is considering whether to approve the synthetic hormone BST for use in dairy cows BST increases milk production but also leads to recurring udder inflammation decreased fertility,and symptoms of stress in cows who receive the hormone All of these problems can be kept under control with constant veterinary care but such levels of veterinary help would cost big farms far less per cow than they would small farmsIf the statements above are true which one of the following clams is most strongly supported by them?(A) The government is unlikely to approve the synthetic hormone BST for use in cows(B) The proportion of cows that suffer from udder infiammation, decreased fertility, and symptoms of stress is currently greater on big dairy farms than on small ones(C) At the present time milk from cows raised on small farms is safer to drink than milk from cows raised on big farms(D) The milk from cows who receive BST will not be safe for people to drink(E) Owners of big farms stand to gain more from government approval of BST than do owners of small farms8. Jones is selling a house to Smith The contract between the two specifies that for up to a year after ownership is transferred. Jones will be responsible for repairing any "major structural defects." defined as defects in the roof or roff-supporting ponents of the house that might be found Jones is not responsible for any other repairs The house has a truss roof which means that the only walls that support the roof are the exterior walls.It can be properly concluded from the above that(A) Jones did not know of any defects in the roof or roof-supporting ponents of the house at the time the contract was written(B) although other ponents of the house may contain defects the roof and roof-supporting ponents of the house are currently free from such defects(C) the contract does not oblige Jones to repair any defects in the house s nonexterior walls after ownership of the house has been transferred(D) Smith will be obliged to repair all structural defects in the house within a year after ownership is transferred except those for which Jones is responsible(E) In the past Jones has had to make repairs to some of the house s exterior walls9. The play Mankind must have been written between 1431 and 1471. It cannot have beenwritten before 1431 for in that year the rose noble, a coin mentioned in the play, was first circulated. The play cannot have been written after 1471 since in that year King Henry VI died, and he is mentioned as a living monarch in the play s dedicationThe argument would be most seriously weakened if which one of the following were discovered?(A) The Royal Theatre pany includes the play on a list of those performed in 1480(B) Another coin mentioned in the play was first minted in 1422(C) The rose noble was neither minted nor circulated after 1486(D) Although Henry VI was deposed in 1461, he was briefly restored to the throne in 1470(E) In a letter written in early 1428 a merchant told of having seen the design for a much-discussed new coin calle dthe "rose noble"SECTION IVTime—35 minutes23 QuestionsDirections: Each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions it may be useful to draw a rough diagram. Choose the response that most accurately and pletely answers each questions and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Questions 1-5In certain recipe contest each contestant submits submits two recipes. one for an appetizer and one for a main dish Together the two recipes must include exactly seven flavorings—fenugreek, ginger, lemongrass, nutmeg, paprika, saffron, and turmeric—with no flavoring included in more than one of the two recipes. Each contestant s recipes must satisfy the following conditionsThe appetizer recipe includes at most three of the flavorings.Fenugreek is not included in the same recipe as nutmeg.Saffron is not included in the same recipe as turmericGinger is included in the same recipe as nutmeg1. Which one of the following could be a plete and accurate list of the flavorings included in one contestant s main-dish recipe?。

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LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION 1Time-35 minutes24 QuestionsDirections: Each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions, it may be useful to araw a rough diagram. Choose the resoonse that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Questions 1-6Seven students-fourth-year students Kim and Lee; third-year students Pat and Robin: and second-year students Sandy, Tety and Val-and only those seven, are being assigned a rooms of equal size in a dormitory. Each room assigned must have either one or two or three students assigned to it and will accordingly be called either a single or a double or a triple. The seven students are assigned to moms in accordence with the following conditions:Lio fourth-year student can be assigned to a triple.No second-year student can be assigned to a single.Lee and Pobin must not share the same roomKim and Pat must share the same room.1. Which one of the following is a combination of rooms to which the seven students could be assigned?(A) two triples and one single(B) one triple and four singles(C) three doubles and a stngle(D) two doubles and three singles(E) one double and five singles2. It the room assigned to Robin is a single, which one of the following could be true?(A) There is exactly one double that has a second-year student assigned to it.(B) Lee is assigned to a stngle.(C) Sandy Fat and one other student are zseigned to a triple together.(D) Lixactly three of the rooms assigned to the students are singles(E) Exactly two of the rooms assigned to the students are doubles.3. Which one of the following must be true?(A) Lee is assigned to a single(B) Pat sharts a double with another student(C) Robin shares a double with another student(D) Two of the second-year students share a double with each other(E) Neither of the third-year students is assigned to a single4. If Robin is assigred to a triple, which one of the following must be true?(A) Lee is assigned to a single(B) Two second-year students share a double with each other(C) None of the rooms assigned to the students is a single(D) Two of the rooms assigned to the students are singles.(E) Three of the rooms assigned to the students are singles5. If Terry and Val assigned to different doubles from each other, other, then it must be true of the students rooms that exactly(A) one is a single(B) two are singles(C) two are doubles(D) one is a triple(E) two are triples6. Which one of the following could be true?(A) The two fourth-year students are assigned to singles.(B) The two fourth-year students share a double with cach other.(C) Lee shares a room with a second-year student(D) Lee shares a room with a third-year student(E) Pat shares a triple with two other studentsQuestions 7-11A worker will insert colored light bulbs into a billboard equipped with exactly three light sockets, which are labled lights 1, 2, and 3. The worker has three green bulbs, three purple bulbs, and three yellow bulbs. Seiection of bulbs for the sockets is governed by the following conditions:Whenever light 1 is purple, light 2 must be yellow.Whenever light 2 is purple, light 1 must be green.Whenever light 3 is either purple or yellow, light 2 must be purple.7. Which one of the following could be an accurate list of the colors of light bulbs selected for lights 1, 2 and 3, respectively?(A) green, green, yellow(B) purple, green, green(C) purple, purple, green(D) yellow, purple, green(E) yellow, yellow, yellow8. If light 1 is yellow, then any of the following can be true, EXCEPT:(A) Light 2 is green.(B) Light 2 is purple(C) Light 3 is green(D) Light 3 is purple(E) Light 3 is yellow9. There is exactly one possible color sequence of the three lights if which one of the following is true?(A) Light 1 is purple.(B) Light 2 is purple.(C) Light 2 is yellow(D) Light 3 is purple.(E) Light 3 is yellow10. If no green bulbs are selected, there are exactly how many possible different color sequences of the three lights?(A) one(B) two(C) three(D) four(E) five11. If no two lights are assigned light bulbs that are the same color as each other, then which one of the following could be true?(A) Light I is green, and light 2 is purple.(B) Light I is green, and light 2 is yellow.(C) Light I is purple, and light 2 is yellow.(D) Light I is yellow, and light 2 is green.(E) Light I is yellow, and light 2 is purple.SECTION IITime—35 minutes25 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions. more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the questions. You should not make assumptions that are by blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. When politicians resort to personal atacks many editortalists criticize thest attacks but most voters pay them scant attention. Eeveryone knows such attacks will end after election day, and politicians can be excused for mudslinging. Political commentators, however, cannot be. Political commentators should be engaged in sustained and senous debate about ideas and policies. In such a context personal attacks on opponents serve not to beat those opponents but to cut off the debate.Which of the following most accurately states the main point of the argument?(A) Dersonal attacks on opponets serve a usuful purpose for politicians.(B) Political commentators should not resort to personal attacks on their opponents.(C) Editonalists are right to criticize politicians who resort to personal attacks on their opponents.(D) The purpose of serious debate about ideas and policies is to counteract the effect of personal attacks by politicians.(E) Voters should be concerned about the personal attacks politicians make on each other.2. Throughout the Popoya Islands community pressure is exerted on people who win the national lottery to share their good fortune with their neighbors. When people living in rural areas win the lottery they invariably throw elaborate neighborhood feasts, often wiping, out all of their lottery winmmings. However, in the cities, lottery winners frequently use their winnings for their own personal investment rather than sharing their good fortune with their neighbors.Which one of the following true, contributes most to an explanation of the difference between the behavior of lottery winners in rural areas and those in cities?(A) Twice as many Popoyans live in rural areas as live in the city.(B) Popoyan city dwellers tend to buy several lottery tickets at a time, but they buy tickets less frequently than do rural dwellers.(C) Lottery winners in rural areas are notified of winning by public posting of lists of winners, but notification in the city is by private mail.(D) Families in rural areas in the Popoyas may contain twelve or foruteen people, but city families average six or seven.(E) Twice as many lottery tickets are sold in rural areas as are sold in the city.3. A new medication for migraine seems effective, but there is concern that the medication might exacerbate heart disease. If patiens with heart disease take the medication under careful medical supervision. however, harmful side effects can definitely be averted. The concern about those side effects is thus unfounded.The argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?(A) The new medication actually is effective when taken by patients with heart disease.(B) No migraine sufferers with heart disease will take the new medication except under careful medical supervision.(C) Most migraine sufferers who have taken the new medication in trials also had heart disease(D) The new medication has various other side effects, but none as serious as that of exacerbating heart disease.(E) The new medication will displace all migrame medicztions currently being used.4. The highest-ranking detectives in the city s police department are also the most adept at solving crimes. Yet in each of the past ten years. the average success rate for the city s highest-ranking detectives in solving crimnal cases has been no higher than the average success rate for its lowest-ranking detectives.Which one of the follwing, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox?(A) The detectives who have the highest success rate in solving criminal cases are those who have worked as detectives the longest.(B) It generally takes at least ten years for a detective to rise from the lowest to the highest ranks of the city s detective force.(C) Those detectives in the police department who are the most adept at solving criminal cases are also those most likely to remain in the police department.(D) The police department generally gives the criminal cases that it expects to be the easiest to solve to its lowest-ranking detectives.(E) None of the lowest-ranking detectivesin the police department had experiecne in solving critninal cases prior to joining the police deparment.5. Imgation runoff from neighboring farms may well have increased the concentration of phosphorus in the local swamp above previous levels, but the claim that the increase in phosphorus is harming the swamp s native aquatie wildlife is false: the phospborus concentration in the swamp is actually less than that found in certain kinds of bottled water that some peopledrink every day.The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that it(A) makes exaggerations in formulating the claim against which it argues(B) bases its conclusion on two contradictiry claims(C) relies on evidence the relevance of which has not been established(D) concedes the very point that it argues against(E) makes a generalization that is unwarranted because the sources of the data on which it is based have not been specified.6. Copyright laws protect the rights of writers to profits earned from their writings. whereas patent laws protec: inventors rights to profits earned from their inventions In jawade, when computer-software writers demanded that their rights to profit be protected, the courts determined that information written for a machine does not fit into either the copyright or the patent category. Clearly, therefore, the profit rights of computer-software writers remain unprotected in Jawade.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?(A) Computer-software writers are not an influential enough group in Jawade for the government to consider modifying existing copyright laws in order to protect this group s profit rights.(B) No laws exist, other than copyright laws and patent laws, that would protect the profit rights of computer-software writers in Jawade.(C) Most of the computer software used in Jawade is imported from other countries.(D) Computer software is more similar to writings covered by copyright laws than it is to inventions covered by patent laws.(E) Copyright laws and patent laws in Jawade have not been modified since their original adoption.7. Brownlea s post office must be replaced with a larger one. The present one cannot be expanded. land near the present location in the center of town is more expensive than land on the outskirts of town. Since the cost of acquiring a site is a significant part of the total construction cost, the post office clearly could be built more cheaply on the outskirts of town.Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument s stated conclusion?(A) The new post office will have to be built in accordance with a demanding new citywide building code.(B) If the new post office is built on the outskirts of town, it will require a parking lot, but if sited near the present post office it will not.(C) If the new post office is built on the outskirts of town, current city bus routes will have to be expanded to provide access.(D) If the new post office is built on the outskirts of town, residents will make decreased use of post office boxes, with the result that mail carriers will have to deliver more mail to homes.(E) If the new post office is built near the center of town, disruptions to city traffic would have to be minimized by taking such steps as doing some construction work in stages at night and on weekends.8. in the past, the railroads in Ostronia were run as regional monopelies and opeerated with little regard for what customers wanted. In recent years, with improvements to the Ostronian national highway network the railroad companies have faced heavy competition from longdistance trucking companies. But because of government subsidies that have permitted Ostronian railroad companies to operate even while incuring substantial losses, the companies continie to disregard customers needs and desires.If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?(A) If the government of Ostronia ceases to subsidize railroad companies. few of those companies will continue to operate.(B) Few companies in Ostronia that have received subsidies from the government have taken the needs and desires of their customers into account.(C) Without government subsidies, railroad companies in Ostronia would have to increase the prices they charge their customers.(D) The transportation system in Ostronia is no more efficient today than it was in the past.(E) In recent years, some companies in Ostronia that have had little regard for the desires of their customers have nonetheless survived.9. Although Damon had ample time carlier in the month to complete the paper he is scheduled to present at a professional conference tomorrow morning he repeatedly put off doing it. Damon could still get the paper ready in time, but only if he works on it all evening without interruption. However, his seven-year-old daughter s tap-dance recital takes place this evening and Damon had promised both to attend and to take his daughter and her friends out for ice cream afterward. Thus, because of his procrastination. Damon will be forced to choose between his professional and his farmily responsibilities.The argument proceeds by(A) providing evidence that one event will occur in order to establish that an altemative event cannot occur(B) showing that two situations are similar in order to justify the claim that someone with certain responsibilities in the first situation has similar responsibilities in the second situation(C) invoking sympathy for someone who finds himself in a dilemma in order to excuse that person s failure to meet all of his responsibilities(D) making clear the extent to which someone s actions resulted in harm to others in order to support the claim that those actions were irresponsible(E) demonstrating that two situations cannot both occur by showing that something necessary for one of those situations is incompatible with something necessary for the other situation10. The increase in the price of jet fuel is due to a sharp decrease over the past year in the supply of jet fuel available relative to demand. Nonetheless, the amount of jet fuel available for sale is larger today than it was last year.If the statements above are true, which one of the following conclusions can be properly drawn on the basis of them?(A) The demand for jet fuel has increased over the past year.(B) The fuel efficiency of jet engines has increased over the past year.(C) The number of jet airline flights has decreased over the past year.(D) The cost of refining petroleum for jet fuel has increased over the past year.(E) The supply of petroleum available for jet fuel ha decreased over the past year.SECTION IIITime—35 minutes25 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Everyone sitting in the waiting room of the school s athletic office this morning at nine o clock had just registered for a beginners tennis clinic. John, Mary, and Teresa were all sitting in the waiting room this morning at nice o clock. No accomplished tennis player would register for a beginners tennis clinic.If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?(A) None of the people sitting in the school s athletic office this morning at nine o clock had ever played tennis.(B) Everyone sitting in the school s athletic office this morning at nine o clock registered only for a beginners tennis clinic.(C) John, Mary, and Teresa were the only people who registered for a beginners tennis clinic this morning.(D) John, Mary, and Teresa were the only people sitting in the waiting room of the school s athletic office this morning at nine o clock(E) Neither John nor Teresa is an accomplished tennis player.2. Most people who ride bicycles for pleasure do not ride until the warm weather of spring and summer arrives. Yet it is probably more effective to advertise bicycles earlier in the year. Most bicycles are purchased in the spring, but once shoppers are ready to shop for a bicycle, they usually have already decided which brand and model of bicycle they will purchase. By then it is generally too late to induce them to change their minds.The main point of the argument is that(A) bicycle advertisements are probably more effective if they appear before the arrival of warm spring weather(B) most bicycle purchasers decide on the brand and model of bicycle that they will buy before beginning to shop for a bicycle(C) more bicycles are purchassed in the spring than at any other time of year.(D) in general, once a bicycle purchaser has decided which bicycle he or she intends to purchase, it is difficult to bring about a change in that decision(E) spring and summer are the time of year in which bicycle riding as a leisure activity is most popular3. During 1991 the number of people in the town of Bayburg who received municipal food assistance doubled, even though the number of people in Bayburg whose incomes were low enough to qualify for such assistance remained unchanged.Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resove the apparent discrepancy in the information above?(A) In 1990 the Bayburg Town Council debated whether or not to alter the eligibility requirements for the food assistance program but ultimately decided not to change them.(B) In 1990 the Bayburg social service department estimated the number of people in Bayburg who might be eligible for the food assistance program and then informed the Bayburg Town Council of the total amount of assistance likely to be needed.(C) During 1991 many residents of a nearby city lost their jobs and moved to Bayburg in search of work.(D) During 1991 the number of applicants for food assistance in Bayburg who were rejected on the basis that their incomes were above the maximum allowable limit was approximately the same as it had been in 1990.(E) During 1991 Bayburg s program of rent assistance for low-income tenants advertised widely and then informed all applicants about other assistance programs for which they would be qualified.4. Campaigning for election to provincial or state office frequently requires that a candidate spend much time and energy catering to the interests of national party officials who can help the candidate to win office. The elected officials who campaign for reelection while they are in office thus often fail to serve the interests of their local constituencies.Which one of the following is an assumption made-by the argument?(A) Catering to the interests of national party officials sometimes conflicts with serving the interests of a provincial or state official s local constituencies.(B) Only by catering to the interests of national party officials can those who hold provincial or state office win reelection.(C) The interests of iocal constituencies are well served only by elected officials who do not cater to the interests of national party officials.(D) Officials elected to provincial or state office are obligated to serve only the interests of constituents who beling to the same party as do the officials.(E) All elected officials are likely to seek reelection to those offices that are not limited to one term.5. Since Professor Smythe has been head of the deparment the most distinguished member of the faculty has resigned, fewer new courses have been developed, student has dropped, and the reputation of the department has gone down. These facts provide conclusive evidence that Professor Smythe was appointed to undermine the department.The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argumetn(A) overlooks the fact that something can have the reputation for being of poor quality without being of poor quality(B) bases a general claim on a few exceptional instances(C) assumes that because an action was followed by a change, the action was undertaken to bring about that change.(D) fails to distinguish between a decline in quantity and a decline in quality(E) presupposes what it purports to establish6. Books about architectural works. unless they are not intended for a general audience, ought to include discussions of both the utility and the aesthetic appeal of each of the buildings they consider. If they do not, they are flawed. Morton s book on Italian Baroque palaces describes these palaces functional aspects, but fails to mention that the main hall of a palace he discusses at length has a ceiling that is one of the truly breathtaking masterpieces of Western art.If the statements above are true, it would be necessary to establish which one of the following in order to conclude that Morton s book is flawed?(A) Morton s deseription of the palaces utility is inaccurate(B) Morton s book does not discuss aspects of the palaces other than utility and aesthetic appeal(C) Morton s book is intended for a general audience.(D) The passage discussing the palace plays a very important role in helping to establish the overall argument of Morton s book.(E) The palace discussed at length is one of the most aesthetically important of those treated in Morton s book.7. Of all the photographs taken of him at his wedding there was one that John and his friends sharply disagreed about. His friends all said that this particular picture did not much resemble him, but John said that on the contrary it was the only photograph that did.Which one of the following, if true about the photograph most helps to explain John s disagreement with his friends?(A) It, unlike the other photographs of John, showed him in the style of dress he and his friends usually wear rather than the formal clothes he wore at the ceremony.(B) It was the only photograph taken of John at his wedding for which the photographer had used a flash.(C) It was a black-and-white photograph, whereas the other photographs that showed John were mostly color photographs.(D) It was unique in showing John s face reflected in a mirror, the photographer having taken the photograph over John s shoulder.(E) It was one of only a few taken at the wedding that showed no one but John.Questions 8-9Eva: A "smart highway" system should be installed, one that would monitor areawide traffic patterns and communicate with computers in vehicles or with programmable highway signs to give drivers information about traffic congestion and alternate routes. Such a system, we can infer, would result in improved traffic flow in and around cities that would do more than improve drivers tempers; it would decrease the considerable loss of money and productivity that now results from traffic congestion.Lines: There are already traffic reports on the radio. Why would a "smart highway" system be any better?8. Eva s argument depends on the assumption that(A) on "smart highways" there would not be the breakdowns of vehicles that currently cause traffic congestion(B) traffic lights, if coordinated by the system, would assure a free flow of traffic(C) traffic flow in and around cities is not now so congested that significant improvement is impossible(D) the type of equipment used in "smart highway" systems would vary from one city to another(E) older wehicles could not be fitted with equipment to receive signals sent by a "smart highway" system9. If Eva responded to Luis by saying that the current one-minute radio reports are too short to give a sufficient description of overall patterns of traffic congestion, which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen Luis s challenge?(A) Bad weather, which radio stations report, would cause traffic to slow down whether or not a "smart highway" system was in operation.(B) It would be less costly to have radio stations that give continual, lengthier traffic reports than to install a "smart highway" system.(C) Radio reports can take note of congestion once it occurs, but a "smart highway" system could anticipate and forestall it in many instances.(D) The proposed traffic monitoring would not reduce the privacy of drivers.(E) Toll collection booths, which constiture traffic bottlenecks, would largely be replaced in the "smart highway" system by electronic debiting of commuters accounts while traffic proceeded at full speed.10. The terms "sex" and "gender" are often used interchangeably. But "sex" more properly refers to biological differences of male and female, while "gender" refers to society s construction of a system that identifies what is masculine and feminine. Unlike the set of character isties defining biological sex, the set of traits that are associated with gender does not sort people into two nonoverlapping groups. The traits character ize people in a complex way, so that a person may have both "masculine" and "feminine" traits.Which one of the following statements best expresses a main point of the argument?(A) Distinctions based on gender are frequently arbitrary.(B) Gender traits are not determined at birth.(C) Masculine gender traits are highly correlated with maleness.(D) The terms "sex" and "gender" are not properly interchangeable.(E) Society rather than the individual decides what is considered proper behavior.11. Raising the tax rate on essential goods—a traditional means of increasing govemment revenues—invariably turns low-and middle-income taxpayers against the government. Hence government officials have proposed adding a new tax on pruchases of luxury items such as yachts, private planes, jewels, and furs. The officials in government revenues while affecting only the wealthy individuals and corporations who can afford to purchase such items.The answer to which one of the following questions would be most relevant in evaluating the accuracy of the government officials prediction?。

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