2017届高考外研版英语二轮复习：语法专题3 介词和介词短语
高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件语法专题+三、介词和介词短语.ppt
(2)in表示在某个较长的时间内,世纪、朝代或年月;泛指的上午、下 午、傍晚。 in the 21st century;in September; in the morning
考点四 介词短语
介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常见的有:
(3)on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上。 on 2nd,September; on the morning of 1st,May
2.表示“在……之后”的after,in “after+一段时间”作时间状语,相当于“一段时间+later”,句子用过 去时态;“in+一段时间”作时间状语,指离说话时多长时间以后,句子用 将来时态。 He returned home after a week (a week later). 他一周后回到了家里。 They will come to visit us in a week. 他们一周以后会来看望我们。
考点三 其他介词 1.表示交通方式的by,in,on
“by+名词”表示交通方式时,名词前不加冠词;但是in,on 后的名词必 须有冠词或代词等。 He goes to work by car every day. 他每天开车去上班。 He goes to work in his car every day. 他每天开车去上班。
3.across,through,over和past (1)across表示“从……的表面穿过”。 He walked across the square to meet us. 他走过广场来迎接我们。 (2)through表示“从……的内部穿过”。 The guide led us through the forest. 导游带着我们穿过森林。
高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语
高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语考点详情高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
【命题预测】高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
【复习建议】1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
介词的分类考向①介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.考向②常考介词的辨析介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区别例时间inonatat在一个时间点上；in在一段的时间之内；on在具体日子。
高考英语复习对点练：专题三 介词和介词短语 对点巩固 含答案
第一部分专题三
1．The mother continued to care for the young panda 67.for more than two years.
【解析】“for＋时间段”表示持续一段时间。
句意：熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。
2．My father is stout and strong, 61.with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.
【解析】with a severe look(父亲)有着严肃的表情。
此处with表示“带着(表情)”。
3．Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
【解析】go shopping去购物，是固定搭配。
【答案】去掉on
4．While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
【解析】on the top of在……的上面/顶端。
【答案】in→on
5．I have planned an autumn outing for my class the next week, and I'm writing to ask your permission.
【解析】ask for请求，要求，是固定短语。
【答案】ask后加for
第- 1 -页共1页。
外研版高考英语中介词的用法归纳总结
外研版高考英语中介词的用法归纳总结一、选择题1．He was born ________ Feburary, the coldest month of a year in this city.A．on B．in C．at D．over2．The workers will build a new road ________ the two villages.A．from B．among C．at D．between3．It is a good idea to experience life ________ the school by volunteering. Take an active part in it, and you will make a difference to the world.A．above B．beyond C．over D．against4．The underground in this city has been ________ service for almost 3 years.A．on B．in C．at D．of5．—My aunt’s 3-year-old daughter can eat a meal with chopsticks.— Really? Most children ________ her age still use spoons.A．of B．in C．on D．for6．—You look frightened, what’s up?— A terrible accident happened this morning. A truck was running fast when an old man was about to cross the road. I bet he will not live ________ the night.A．along B．away C．through D．in7．The ending of the film Diary of Dinosaurs was so surprising and fully went ________ my imagination.A．across B．over C．through D．beyond 8．Taking part in a social activity can help take your mind ________ matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.A．through B．across C．off D．into9．—How can I improve my English more quickly, Tom?—__________listening and reading more.A．At B．Across C．By D．On 10．Sometimes I feel stressed because what my parents want me to do has gone ________ my ability.A．through B．against C．above D．beyond 11．During the online learning, some parents were too impatient________ their children to solve the problem ________ a proper way.A．in; with B．with; in C．for; in D．to; with12．A new bridge the Yangtze River in Nanjing opened to traffic on Dec. 24, 2020. A．through B．over C．on D．along13．She was forced to marry ________ her mind to receive the following painful life. A．against B．with C．by D．in14．The blue planet is so far from the earth that radio signals, travel ________ the speed of light, take 16 hours to reach the spacecraft.A．for B．in C．on D．at15．—I can’t think of any other actress who is more beautiful than Audrey Hepburn.—You’ve got the point. Her beauty is ________ words and she succeeded ________ hard work. A．over; by B．over; throughC．beyond; by D．beyond; through16．________ Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual.A．At B．On C．To D．In 17．Everyone was touched ________ words after they watched the film Hi, MOM 《你好，李焕英》directed by Jia Ling.A．under B．across C．beyond D．against18．—I want to visit Liaoning History Museum. Is it open today?—No. It opens every day ________ Monday.A．except B．till C．between D．after19．The girl is _____ a singer _____ everyone in her hometown.A．well known as; for B．well known as; to C．well-know as; to D．best known for; for 20．A study shows that rude languages spoken to children may have bad results that go ________ those of beating them.A．against B．beyond C．except D．with21．My family is always ___________ me no matter what I decide to do. That makes me very pleased.A．above B．behind C．against D．through22．— When will Mr. Smith arrive?— ________ September 6th.A．At B．In C．On D．For23．—A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of maths.—I couldn’t agree more. So we should also learn maths well.A．among B．between C．against D．without 24．Xuzhou Metro Line 2 came into use ________ November 28, 2020, it is one of the most important events in our daily life.A．at B．in C．on D．for25．—Why can’t we drive in the emergency lane (应急车道) on expressway?—Because the lane makes it possible to race ________ the clock to save people’s lives. A．beyond B．over C．against D．through26．The story The Ugly Duckling ________ Hans Christian Andersen has remained popular among children for centuries.A．in B．on C．by D．with27．—Hi, Mom directed by Jia ling is a hit ________ this year.—It really is. It shows us the deep love between a mother and a daughter.A．/ B．in C．on D．at28．The teacher encouraged the students to tell the story ________ English.A．at B．with C．in D．for29．—The earthquake in Ya’an took place ________ two past eight ________ the morning of April 20th.—Yes, some people were still sleeping for it was weekend.A．in; on B．on; in C．at; in D．at; on30．— Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?—Sorry, it’s _______ the visiting hours. Let’s go there tomorrow.A．beyond B．through C．during D．on31．Let’s vote ________ China’s Inspirational Role Models(感动中国人物) ________ the Internet, shall we?A．for; in B．to; on C．on; over D．for; on32．If your temperature is_______37.3°, you should go to the doctor instead of going to school. A．above B．against C．under D．below33．— The Dragon Boat Festival falls_______May or June every year.—Yes, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival is_______June 25th.A．in; on B．on; in C．in; in D．on; on34．To our joy, Tom pleased everybody by making his dog walk ________ two legs.A．by B．over C．from D．on35．—I’ve been a League member for about two years. What about you?—I joined the League ___________May, 2017.A．in B．on C．at D．by36．— What do you think of those smart kids in the game show?— There is no doubt that many of them have a gift ________ maths.A．for B．in C．on D．at37．To my pleasure, my family is always ________me, so I can follow my dreams with great courage.A．past B．above C．upon D．behind38．The grassland, reaching out far away, looks rather beautiful _____ the blue and clean sky. A．against B．above C．through D．past 39．Armstrong joined the navy in 1949 and served _______ a pilot for three years.A．with B．like C．to D．as40．Anyone who can find the clues ________ the case will get a reward of 5,000 yuan. A．with B．to C．at D．from【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：他在二月出生，这个城市一年中最冷的月份。
高考英语总复习 高考语法与写作 专题4 介词和介词短语教学案 外研版-外研版高三全册英语教学案
专题四介词和介词短语(一)语法讲练——过知识关要点一常用介词1．方位介词(1)图解常见的方位介词(2)along, through, across, over(3)at, on, to, in(4)between, among①between在……之间(指两者)，常和and连用。
The building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。
②among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。
We'll visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。
[名师指津] 如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
2．时间介词(1)in, afterin表时间，常表示“在……之内”，有时in还有“在……之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备两个条件：①所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来；②后面必须是一段时间。
这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after或later。
My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在三天以后回来。
My father will be back after three o'clock.我父亲将在3点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是三天后回来的。
(2)for, sincehis retirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
新外研版高中英语必修三介词表(精校版)
新外研版高中英语必修三介词表(精校版)新外研版高中英语必修三介词表（精校版）该文档旨在为新外研版高中英语必修三教材的研究者提供一个介词的详细列表和用法解释。
以下是介词及其用法的简要概述：- about: 关于about: 关于- above: 在上方above: 在上方- across: 穿过across: 穿过- after: 在...之后after: 在...之后- against: 反对against: 反对- among: 在...之中among: 在...之中- around: 在...周围around: 在...周围- as: 作为as: 作为- at: 在...处at: 在...处- before: 在...之前before: 在...之前- behind: 在...后面behind: 在...后面- below: 在下方below: 在下方- beneath: 在...下方beneath: 在...下方- beside: 在...旁边beside: 在...旁边- between: 在...之间between: 在...之间- beyond: 超出beyond: 超出- by: 通过by: 通过- concerning: 关于concerning: 关于- down: 向下down: 向下- during: 在...期间during: 在...期间- except: 除了except: 除了- for: 为了for: 为了- from: 从...来from: 从...来- in: 在...中in: 在...中- into: 进入into: 进入- like: 像like: 像- near: 靠近near: 靠近- of: 的of: 的- off: 离开off: 离开- on: 在...上on: 在...上- onto: 到...上onto: 到...上- out: 出去out: 出去- over: 在...之上over: 在...之上- past: 过去past: 过去- round: 以...为界round: 以...为界- through: 通过through: 通过- to: 到to: 到- towards: 向towards: 向- under: 在...下面under: 在...下面- underneath: 在...下面underneath: 在...下面- up: 向上up: 向上- upon: 在...之上upon: 在...之上- with: 与...一起with: 与...一起- within: 在...内within: 在...内这份介词表将帮助研究者更好地理解和运用介词，提高英语写作和口语表达的能力。
天津市太平村中学高中英语 英语最常用介词用法素材3 外研版必修2
英语最常用介词用法素材3三、to1. 动词+toa) 动词+ to。
介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…，belong to属于, c ome to达到, drink to为…干杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责,stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。
例如：She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。
Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。
An i dea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。
b) 动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。
下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动词后加介词to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to 告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to 跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。
例如：She suggested to me one or two su itable people for the committee.她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。
高考英语外研版山东：语法+专题三 介词和介词短语
第八单元
考点一
考点二
核心素养专项提升
-4-
考点归纳 考点一 介词分类
简单介词 about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,d uring,in,on
合成介词
inside,into,onto,out of,outside,throughout,upon,within,without
在……之间 (指二者) 在……之间 (指三者或三 者以上)
He was sitting between two old ladies.
We stood there among piles of wooden boxes.
横过、 越过……
Pipes carry oil across the desert.
6.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model
full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering
or architecture.
7.(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to
第八单元
考点一
考点二
核心素养专项提升
-13-
考点四 常用介词短语
at lunch 在吃午饭;at table 在吃饭;at school 在上学;at peace 在和平 at 时期;at first=at the beginning 初期;at the beginning of 在……的初
始阶段;at the end of...在……结束时
高考英语介词短语(外研)
高考常用介词短语（外研版）一.介词+ 名词1.in …in additionin returnin shapein astonishment in declinein vainin usein naturein shockin panicin turnin peacein povertyin troublein weightin advancein bloomin theoryin practicein secret in factin orderin painin spacein historyin surprisein conclusionin progressin authorityin briefin chaosin debtin groupin parallelin principlein realityin summaryin (large) quantitiesin … condition/circumstance2.out of …out of debt out of danger out of control out of use out of work out of date out of order out of breath out of reach out of sight3.by/ on/ at 等…by dayby mistakeby handby forceby contrastby accident/chance on showon saleon averageon purposeon guard on earthon craditat onceat birthas followsafter allwith delight beyond belief under construction up to now/dateof + n. = adj.二.all + 介词+ 名词all at onceall in suddenall in all三.介词+ 冠词+ 名词on the spoton the left/righton the airon the increaseon the declineon the runon the doton the contraryon the way (out/to) on a budgeton a dieton a (large) scale in a voicein a wordin a while/munite in a whisper in a messin a hurryin a … moodin the endin the distancein the neighbourhood in the (first) placeas a consequenceas a ruleat a distanceto an extentby the wayfor/in an instantoff/on/along the coast四.介词+ 其他+ 名词★to one’s …to one’s relief to one’s delight to one’s surpriseto one’s astonishmentat one’s expenseat one’s leisurein one’s cereerin one’s opinion/view in one’s own words in one’s 20sin other words in all aspectson one’s ownon one/the other hand on second thought(s) for one’s sakeby any possibility under no circumstance五.冠词+ 名词+ ofan amount of a lack ofa variety of a couple ofa series of a total ofa number ofthe number ofa (large) quantities of a (great) deal of六. 介词+ 名词+ 介词1.in/on … ofin consequence of in spite ofin case ofin memory ofin search ofin possession of in want ofin place of in need ofin support of in favor ofin danger ofin terms of in view of in/by virtue ofon account of2.… to/with等in contrast toin reply toin response toin touch within competition with in common with in agreement with in harmony with at war/peace with from … onas well as七.介词+ 冠词+ 名词+ of1.in … ofin the condition of in the style ofin the form of in the absence of in the field ofin (the) process of2.at … ofat the foot of at the mercy of at the edge of at the top/bottom of at the start/end of3.with/for/as/to … ofwith the help of for the purpose of to the horror of as a result of八. 介词短语1.… tonext to due to owing to according to up to2.… ofahead of instead of because of regardless of3.其他along with 与…一起except for 除了apart from 除…以外九.介词+ 形容词1.in …in short 简而言之in particular 尤其in public 当众in general 总之in all=in total 总共2.at…at least 至少at last 最后3.其他as usual 像平常一样before long 不久之后for certain/sure 确定十.形容词+ 介词1.… ofbe aware of 意识到be true ofbe certain of 确定be fond of 喜欢be proud of 骄傲be lack of 短缺be conscious of 察觉2.… with/for/tobe same with 与…一样be familiar with 熟悉be covered with 被…覆盖be fit for 适合be beneficial to 对…有益十一. 介词+ timeat timesat a timeat one timeat any timeat no timeat the same time of the timeof all time of the timeby the timein no timein timeon timeonce upon a time for the first time from time to time十二. 其他belong to 属于object to 反对be against 反对/违背become of sbas a matter of fact 事实上from the bottom of the heart 发自内心深处。
高考英语二轮复习：语法突破+5个常考点+Word版含解析
5个常考点常考点1名词1.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.答案：crowds2．Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.答案：enemies3．But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and the ________ (branch) began to dry.答案：branches4．The 220-pound Qizai has become a superstar, and many ________ (toy) in his color have been made.答案：toys5．After finishing the work, they had a lot of ________ (photo) taken to record the meaningful activity.答案：photos6．They were ready to die for their ________ (belief)．答案：beliefs7．Which novel of ________ (Dickens) are you referring to?答案：Dickens'8．The town will build a monument to its war ________ (hero)．答案：heroes9．This medicine has saved the lives of a number of sick ________ (child)．答案：children10．I helped him put up some ________ (shelf) in his bedroom.答案：shelves11．For ________ (refer), students should keep their dictionaries at hand.答案：reference12．You can enjoy a great sight by climbing to a greater ________ (high)．答案：height13．The buildings are just a few ________ (minute) walk from each other.答案：minutes'14．In the past few years ________ (China) online education has made great progress.答案：China's15．If you have friends who know your hearts, ________ (distant) cannot keep you apart.答案：distance常考点2冠词1.My brother was born in ________ spring of 1990.答案：the2．Don't lose heart. Please have ________ second try.答案：a3. Mr Smith is ________ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.答案：a4．How sweetly she sings! I have never heard ________ better voice.答案：a5．Beijing is ________ second largest city in China.答案：the6．My trip to Paris was really ________ unforgettable experience.答案：an7．His mother's sudden death came to him as ________ shock.答案：a8．This watch is ________ 18th century watch, which has been passed down frommy great grandpa.答案：an9．I think it really ________ honor for me to speak here.答案：an10．This lab used to be in ________ charge of Mr Wang.答案：the11．Those who are rich should help ________ poor.答案：the12．When stealing, the thief was caught by ________ arm by a policeman.答案：the13．In some factories workers get paid by ________ piece.答案：the14．Teachers play ________ active and important part in building up students' character.答案：an15．Jack has ________ good knowledge of history especially the history of the Ming Period.答案：a常考点3介词常考介词with 用；附带有；和；随着on在……上；关于；是……一员；在具体的某一天at在(地点、时间、空间)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝向against违背；反对；对……不利；倚靠、衬托beyond超出……的范围，为……所不及within在……之内；在……里面over在上方；超过；在……期间；胜过across从表面穿过through从内部穿过despite尽管(后接名词短语或宾语从句)by表示程度或增减的幅度；按……来计算；依据；经由；乘(交通工具)for给，对；为了；为了得到；对……来说；向；对于；支持；达(表示延续时间)off远离；从……上移开；在……海岸；休息；减价without没有；在没有……的情况下beside在……旁边高中英语讲义in在……内；在(年、月、季节)；在……方面；过(多久)of……的；属于；……的一部分；关于……的to/towards朝向；对；达到；去做；对于from从；从……开始；离……；来自；根据along沿着between在(两者)之间among在(三者以上)之间一、介词to的搭配二、常用介词与形容词的搭配三、介词in构成的常见短语四、常见的复合介词五、表示状态的介词短语1.I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.答案：on2．Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.答案：by3．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.答案：against4．It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange ________ favors to them.答案：for5．People in Los Angeles have no idea of distance on the map, so they measure distance by means ________ time not miles.答案：of6．So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy, but it is far ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.答案：from7．We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.答案：in8．Everybody was touched ________ words after they heard her moving story.答案：beyond9．Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.答案：along10．I have an appointment ________ Dr Smith, but I need to change it.答案：with11．A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.答案：without12．I will visit Austria ________ the invitation of my friend this summer vacation.答案：at13．One doesn't have to look far to realize the direct connection ________ smoking and cancer.答案：between14．Nancy, a successful manager, had great personal influence and power ________ her followers.15．Taking regular exercise and eating a balanced diet are two important keys ________ good health.答案：to16．Glancing ________ his shoulder, Eric could see the dog was running after him.答案：over17．After graduation, Frank often thought of those who had helped him ________ his school life.答案：through18．My uncle's house is just ________ the street. It is opposite the hospital.答案：across19．A policeman is standing ________ an umbrella. It is rainning heavily.答案：under20．________ all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.答案：Of常考点4比较级/最高级1.Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ________ (cheap) than before.答案：cheaper2．We had made our reservation six months ________ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.3．The young girl was ________ (promising) of the two singers.答案：the more promising4．It is said that those who eat the most are the ________ (little) healthy.答案：least5．You're driving too fast. Can you drive a bit ________ (slow)?答案：slower6．After she took the medicine, she felt a great deal ________ (comfortable)．答案：more comfortable7．I want to give my children the very ________ (good) education I can afford.答案：best8．Most people think that comedy is one of ________ (difficult) forms of art.答案：the most difficult9．The new method was ten times ________ (efficient) than the traditional one.答案：more efficient10．There is a thought that protecting the environment would be ________ (easy) said than done.答案：easier11．—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?—I've never had a ________ (much) pleasant one before.答案：more12．The population of Chongqing is ________ (large) than that of any other city in China.答案：larger13．He works ________ (hard) when he's doing something for his family.答案：hardest14．The ________ (simple) way to make bike sharing safer is to rent the helmets with the bicycle.答案：simplest15．The kids tried to pick the ________ (pretty) flowers in the garden but were forbidden by their parents.答案：prettiest常考点5主谓一致1.The number of people invited ________ (be) fifty, but a number of them ________ (be) absent for different reasons.答案：was; were2．Two fifths of the land in that district ________ (be) covered with trees and grass.答案：is3．Many a foreigner ________ (be) going to climb the Great Wall next weekend.答案：is4．The famous singer and composer ________ (be) going to give us a performance next week.答案：is5．A knife and fork________ (be) on the table.答案：is6．No teacher and no student ________ (be) allowed to go to the lab without permission.答案：is7．E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ (be) playing an important part in daily communication.答案：is8．Eric is one of the boys who ________ (have) a driving license.答案：have9．A pair of scissors ________ (be) what you need to cut the pictures.答案：is10．Ten minutes ________ (seem) a long time for one who waits.答案：seems11．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ (wear) evening dress.答案：wears12．I have read most of Shakespeare's works. The rest ________ (be) difficult to understand, I think.答案：are13．The elderly ________ (be) taken good care of in this nursery now.答案：are14．—Is everyone here?—Not yet. Look, there________ (come) the rest of our guests!答案：come15．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.答案：has。
高考英语语法考点归纳—介词和介词短语学案
高考英语语法考点归纳—介词和介词短语二轮复习教师寄语：高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语语法填空、改错题、高考英语作文中，在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。
可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。
高考英语语法不难，总结起来也就十几点，希望同学们在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律，再反过来通过题目精炼。
一、介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond,during, in, on等等。
合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to,thanks to等等。
双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
二、介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.三、常考介词（短语）的区别1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区别例子时间[来源:Z,xx,]inonatat在一个时间点上；来源:Z§xx§]in在一段的时间之内；on在具体日子。
高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题2：数词、介词和介词短语(学生版)
高中英语高考冲刺语法专题2：数词、介词和介词短语【问题查找】Group1 数词一、单句语法填空1. To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a__________ (three).2. It’s reported that the United States uses __________ (two) as much energy as the whole of Europe every year.3. In the flood, about two million people were injured and ___________ (million) of houses fell into pieces.4. In the summer holiday following my ____________ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.5. We can see ___________ (thousand) of stars at night if it is fine.二、翻译句子1.毕业晚会将于6月30日晚上19:30举行。
_________________________________________________________________2.投稿的截止日期为2024年2月1日。
_________________________________________________________________Group2 介词与介词短语一、单句语法填空1. Guangdong is __________the south of China, and it is __________ the north of Hainan.2. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry __________ a conversation with her.3. Students don’t go to school __________ Sunda ys.4. It is amazing that the little boy can swim ____________ the river measuring 100 meters wide.5. They encourage discussion with other students and help you develop your English __________ new and challenging ways.6. Modem methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.7. I was searching __________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.8. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) __________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.9. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree __________ engineering or architecture.10. But my connection with pandas goes back __________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.11. Most of us are more focused __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.12. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __________ their hands.13. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____________ hand rather than rolled.14. Giant pandas also serve _____________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.15. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _____________ earth, Mother Nature.二、完形填空真题节选I find a ____47(clean)____ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ____48(significant)____ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ____49____.The best of a Kilimanjaro ____50____, in my opinion, isn’t re aching the top. Mountains are ____51____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ____52____ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ____53____ go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ____54____ lands of low growing plants.49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to【要点精讲】数词学习目标：能正确判定数词，掌握数词的用法并实际运用于语法填空和书面表达中步骤一：基数词与序数词的写法步骤二：基数词和序数词的用法①基数词表数量。
高考英语二轮总复习 核心语法必备 专题四 冠词、代词和介词
重点一
重点二
重点三
(7)It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 他参军三年了。
(8)It was three years before he returned home. 过了三年他才回家。
重点一
重点二
重点三
考点4 不定代词
1.other, others, the other/others, another
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点三
考点1 常见 介词的用法
介词
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点一
重点二
重点三
考点2 介词短语 1.at+名词 at a loss 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐 at peace 处于和平状态 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作
It happens that...碰巧…… It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb that... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/considered...that... 据说/据报道/认为……
It is certain that... ……是一定的。
(3)We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy. 尽管下雨, 但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。
重点一
重点二
重点三
(4)As someone puts it, practice makes perfect. 正如某人所说, 熟能生巧。 (5)Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt when driving. 开车时请确保系好安全带。 (6)I take it that you don't agree with the manager. 我想你不同意经理的意见。
高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练：专题3 介词和介词短语 Word版含答案
第一部分专题三Ⅰ.单句语法填空(在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词)1．—What about the milk of this brand?—It is at least as good as, if not superior to,_that of other brands.2．The book is intended for foreigners who want to learn about the Chinese culture and history.3．—I'm too busy to go to the bank to check whether she has put the money in my bank account.—It's easy to check your bank account via the Internet.4．—His painting won a big prize and was purchased by a museum last week.—Yes. You know, he has a talent for painting.5．Facing an aging population, Finland hopes to maintain economic growth by making people work beyond their retirement age.6．Specific plans for emergencies, such as flooded underground projects, are still not in place although some cities have put forward plans to deal with swollen rivers.7．The G20 was created in December 1999 in response to the financial crisis to promote open and constructive discussions between rich and developing countries.8．Tom will deliver a speech at the graduation ceremony on behalf of our class.9．Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65 years old.10．Three of the town's factories have closed down within the space of a year.11．We often hear children sing songs happily in the kindergarten across the street.12．—How smart you are in that suit!—Can't you see I'm thinner? I've managed to lose my weight by 10 pounds.13．Like golf, yoga is a recent arrival to China, and could be on its way to becoming a booming business.14．Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores he's got in each exam are always far above average.15．—What shall we prepare for our picnic this weekend?—Well, let's discuss it over lunch.16．The dress is very nice, but not to the girl's taste, for she is somehow particular.17．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.18．The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.19．She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.20．Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.Ⅱ.单句改错1．To be free off the noise pollution, I moved to a quiet place in the countryside.【答案】off→from2．I'm short with money, so I'm afraid to be out of work.【答案】with→of3．The house in repair dates from 1950.【答案】in→under4．The boat was in the mercy of the storm but was spotted by a passing ship by accident.【答案】in→at5．He felt to ease at the sight of his son's safe return.【答案】to→at6．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything to return.【答案】to→in7．The Scottish girl in blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.【答案】第一个in→with8．It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life with his great wealth.【答案】with→despite9．It was a real race to time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.【答案】第一个to→against10．A serious study of physics is impossible no some knowledge of mathematics.【答案】no→without11．Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always on the way whenever she tries to.【答案】on→in12．In behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.【答案】In→On13．I am always delighted when I receive an e－mail from you. On regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.【答案】On→With14．An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered with chance a long lost antique Greek vase.【答案】with→by15．You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be in life.【答案】in→for16．To all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.【答案】To→Of17．Brown said he was by no means annoyed; in the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.【答案】in→on18．This shop will be closed for repairs to further notice.【答案】to→until19．With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken for color.【答案】for→in20．Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you in the tough years.【答案】in→throughⅢ.语法填空Passage 1(用适当的介词或副词填空)In the chemistry lab, because 1.of the student's carelessness, the tube cracked and the liquid in it caused a fire on the table. Fortunately, I put it out 2.in time at last.In fact, it is common to have some small accidents caused 3.by carelessness. I used to enjoy cooking, so I always sought a chance to cook. However, the desire led 4.to an accident.Once I stayed 5.at home alone. I found it a chance to cook. I put all the food I needed 6.into a pot. Then I had to wait 7.for it to boil. In order to kill the waiting time, I went to watch TV. Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by a wonderful programme. It was about half an hour that I remembered my food. I turned 8.off the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over 9.from the pot. I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen.So we should pay attention 10.to everything we are doing to avoid accidents.体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：生活中注意安全语篇导读：作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉读者在日常生活中应该处处小心以免发生意外。
外研版英语介词专题复习
外研版英语介词专题复习一、初中英语介词1．Stephen Hawking was famous a scientist, he made a great contribution to the world, and he died March 14th, 2018.A. for; onB. as; inC. as; on【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：史蒂芬·霍金作为科学家而闻名，他为世界做出了巨大的贡献，他逝世于2018年3月14日。
空一，根据 a scientist ，可知是作为……而出名，be famous as；空二，具体到某一天，使用介词on。
故选C。
【点评】此题考查固定短语和介词用法。
2．We communicate _____ each other in many ways, such as by e-mail or by phone.A. onB. throughC. inD. with【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：我们用很多方法相互联系，比如通过电子邮件或者电话。
communicate with，与某人联系，与某人保持联系，固定搭配，故答案是D。
【点评】考查介词辨析，注意识记固定搭配communicate with的用法。
3．It is wise ______Linda to make up her mind _______to play an instrument.A. for; learningB. for; to learnC. of; learningD. of; to learn【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：琳达下决心学弹乐器是明智的。
由句子结构可知，不定式作真正的主语，放在句末，用it作形式主语。
要用固定句型：It's + adj +for/of sb to do sth.前面的形容词来描述不定式时，要用介词for；形容词说明人时，要用介词of。
2024届高考语法专项复习：介词和介词短语课件
介词的分类
手段介词主要指表示做 某件事的方法和手段的 介词。常用的有：
（5）手段介词
by 通过，使用 with 用；以
介词的分类
（6）其他介词
about 关于；on 关于；of 具有； with 带有；without没有； instead of 代替；but 除……以外； except 除……以外；besides 除……以外
我们举行宴会款待朋友。（表示目的） eg：The picnic was put off till next Sunday because of the rain.（表示原因）
因为下雨，野餐推迟到了下个周日。
介词短语的句 法功能
（2）作定语
介词短语作定语 时常放在被修饰 词或短语的后面 。
eg ： The cup on the table is my father's.桌 子上的杯子是我父亲的 。
介词的分类
根据介词的结构和 意义，可以将介词 分成不同的类别。
2．根据意义分类
根据介词的意义可将介 词分为时间介词、地点 介词、原因介词、条件 介词、手段介词和其他 介词等。
介词的分类
（1）时间介词
➢ 时间介词指表示时间的介词。常用的有： ➢ in在……（段）；at 在……（点）； ➢ on 在……（天）；before 在……之前； ➢ after在……之后；during 在……期间； ➢ since 自从……以来；until直到……为止； ➢ by 在……之前，不迟于
我们住的旅馆是五星级的。
介词的位置
在口语中，若要加强语气，常 将介词的宾语移到句首而将介 词保留在原来的位置。 eg：What you said I don't agree with.
外研版英语介词知识点总结
外研版英语介词知识点总结一、初中英语介词1．—Taiwan is an important part of China．—Yes，it lies ______the southeast of China.A. inB. onC. to【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：台湾是中国的一个重要组成部分。
当表示方位时，in表示在…范围内；to表示不接壤，常指隔海相望；on表示相邻并接壤．台湾是属于中国的，故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词辨析，注意方位介词in，on，to的用法。
2．Humans can not make progress dreams.A. withB. withoutC. throughD. about【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：没有了梦想，人类就不会进步。
A.带着，有；B.没有；C.通过；D.关于。
梦想是人类前进的动力，根据Humans can not make progress，可知人类不会进步，是因为没有梦想，应会使用介词without，故答案是B。
【点评】考查近词辨析，注意识记介词without的用法。
3．My mother often says, "Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud who you are." A. of B. with C. at D. in【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：我妈妈经常说，像向日葵一样挺起胸膛，为自己感到骄傲。
be proud of，固定搭配，为……骄傲，故选A。
【点评】考查固定搭配，注意be proud of的用法。
4．—Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week.—That's great! And we will read books there ________ a month.A. beforeB. inC. byD. until【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：——多亏了政府，下一周我们能够拥有一个新的图书馆。
高考英语语法复习介词和介词短语讲义
一介词和介词短语介词和介词短语的核心考点介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。
介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for 等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout等；短语介词，如according to，out of，because of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介词，如from behind/above/under，until after等；分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。
1.介词搭配(1)“动词＋介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
①rob sb. of sth. /clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with 连用)③make a desk of wood/mak e bread from flour/make the material into a coat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of，from，into连用)④介词＋the＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb. ’s＋部位，可换用)strike him on the head(表示“击；拍；碰；摸”意义的动词与on连用)catch him by the arm(表示“抓；拉；拿；扯”意义的动词与by连用)hit the boy in the face(表示“肚；胸；眼；脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用)⑤prevent(stop，keep)sb. from doing sth. (表示“阻止，禁止”意义的动词与from 连用)⑥persuade(advise，warn)sb. into doing sth. (表示“说服；建议；警告”意义的动词与into连用)⑦buy(leave，get，win，gain，lose) sth. for sb. (表示“得失”意义的动词与for 连用)⑧tell(show，teach，sing，write，read) sth. to sb. (表示“告知”意义的动词与to连用)⑨give(allow，promise，pass，hand) sth. to sb. (表示“授予”意义的动词与to 连用)注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb. sth. ，tell sb. sth. ，give sb. sth. 双宾结构。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
They are paid by the day. 他们按天计算报酬。
如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
-5-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
4.before,by,till,until before指“在……之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到……时为止, 在……以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时 间,常与将来完成时连用。till(until)“直到……为止”,在肯定句 中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续 性动词连用。 Please come before ten o’clock. 请在十点钟以前回来。 (2014大纲全国)September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 在9月30日之前,你必须支付账单。
语法专题突破
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
核心考点
对应演练
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
-13-
Apart from going shopping,the old lady likes walking except when it rains.
天不下雨时,这位老太太除了购物还喜欢步行。 Beijing is a beautiful city,except for its traffic. 除了交通问题,北京是一座很美的城市。
Pipes carry oil across the desert. 输油管横过沙漠。
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. 我们开车10分钟穿过了隧道。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
-8-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
-9-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
考点三表示计量的介词 1.at表示“以……速度,以……价格”。
(2013广东,语法填空)The only reason a man would sell salt at a
lower price would be because he was desperate for money. 一个人以低价卖盐的唯一原因可能是因为他非常需要钱。 2.for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。 2.at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”。 He was surprised at the news. 他对这个消息感到吃惊。 3.from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。 The young man died from an accident. 那个年轻人死于车祸。
语法专题突破
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
核心考点
对应演练
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
-16-
考点七of 和to 1.of+抽象名词=形容词
①of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词 ②of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
The book is of great value to our research. 这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。
in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
-7-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
考点二表示方位的介词 1.on意为“在……的上面”;over意为“在……(垂直)的正上方”;above意为 “在……(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在……(垂直)的正下 方”;below意为“在……(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意为“在……附 近”;next to意为“紧挨着……”;round/around意为“在……周围”;by意为 “在……旁边”;along表示沿着街、路、河岸等;across主要表示从某物的 表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;past意为“从……旁经过”;up表示向上,由 南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之 则用down;从某物的内部“穿过”;over指“越过”某一障碍物。
This old machine is of no use. 这台旧机器没用了。 2.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉” to+one’s+情感名词=to the+情感名词+of sb.
语法专题突破
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
核心考点
对应演练
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
-15-
4.of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿,年老等。 The old man died of hunger. 那个老人饿死了。 5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。 He was trembling with cold. 他冷得发抖。 6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。 She took your umbrella by mistake. 她错拿了你的伞。
You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等他到明天。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
-6-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
5.after,in after+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点 时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。 in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时 连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。 After eight it began to rain.八点后开始下雨。 (2014北京)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves
Dec.25,2013 when the Communist Party of China issued a five-year
anti-corruption plan. 自从中国共产党在2013年12月25日宣布反腐五年计划以来一场
反腐运动还在继续。 注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
-2-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
考点一表示时间和日期的介词 1.in用在表示年、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词 前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;at用 在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。
We will have a meeting at 8 o’clock in the morning on Sunday. 我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
-3-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
2.for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用;during 表示“在……期间”;through表示“一直……,自始至终”。
语法专题突破
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
核心考点
对应演练
-10-
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
考点四表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词 1.by表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具用by时,名词前不加冠词;用in时,名词前 要加冠词。请比较:
语法专题突破
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
核心考点
对应演练
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七 考点八 考点九 考点十
-14-
考点六表示原因的介词 1.for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。
(2013山东)The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围 内”;on表示“接壤,相邻”;to表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也 不接壤。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古与中国北部接壤。
语法专题三 介词和介词短语
语法专题突破
核心考点
对应演练
(2012广东,语法填空)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.