英语八类状语从句的用法归纳
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英语八类状语从句的用法归纳
一、概说
状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。
按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。
状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。
学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。
2.表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能
用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。
另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。
如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A:
“I’m going to the post office.”“_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If
3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。
如:He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。
4.表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。
如:
I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。
The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。
5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any
time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
如:
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。
He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。
By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。
三、条件状语从句
1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。
如:
Don’t come unless I telephone.除非我打电话,否则你别来。
If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。
As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy.只要你尽力,我们就满意了。
2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。
如:
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。
四、让步状语从句
1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。
如:
The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨,他还是出去了。
2. as 也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略 a / an。
如:
Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything.虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。
3.连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。
如:
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends.尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。
4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。
如:
Don’t lose heart whatever you do.不管你做什么,都不要灰心。
Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way.不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。
注:表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用,但可与 yet, still 连用。
五、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。
Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。
2.除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。
如:
I can’t tell you when you won't listen.既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。
3.有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:
(1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。
(2) 当表示直接的因果关系,回答 why 时,或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。
(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。
(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的 so 连用。
六、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。
如:
I’m not living where I was.我不在原处住了。
You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days.如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。
2.有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。
请看以下考题:
(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at which
B. at where
C. the place where
D. where
(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.
A. when
B. where
C. then
D. there
(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.
A. where
B. when
C. in which
D. that
以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。
七、目的状语从句
1.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
如:
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。
Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。
2.引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。
如:
Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。
Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
八、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。
如:
He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。
注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。