托福写作【突破英语考讲义试资料】

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托福写作冲刺课程电子讲义

托福写作冲刺课程大纲一、独立写作二、综合写作独立写作考试形式一、考试时间：30分钟二、话题作文三、字数要求：300以上（400左右）题型分类一一、利弊类二、事实类利弊类一、标志词：should, …is better than…, …is more important than …, which would you prefer二、答题角度：该不该，好或坏三、同意与否：今天应该下雨吗？四、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should play sports everyday.事实类一、标志词：无二、与利弊类题目非此即彼三、答题角度：是不是，存不存在四、同意与否：今天下雨了吗？五、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students now play sports everyday.分类意义一、避免跑题二、快速构思避免跑题一、经典错误：把事实题当做利弊题二、几个容易跑偏的题举例1、A or D? Advertisements are exaggerated.2、A or D? People now pay too much attention on their dressing and looking.3、A or D? Young people now are less dependent on their parents than they were in the past.快速构思一、利弊类：“万金由”二、事实类：“万金由”/拆分举例利弊类解题思路一、找出多个受益方与受损方二、“万金由”找出多个受益方与受损方一、对谁好？对谁不好？二、举例1、A or D? Parents should help their children do homework.2、A or D? Universities should offer students better job preparation before they start working.3、A or D? Working three days a week with longer hours is better than working five days a week with shorter hours.“万金由”一、起到提示思路作用的万能理由二、“便”“健”“安”“情”“成”“品”“环”“学”便利(convenience)一、节省时间(save time, not time-consuming)二、时间灵活(time is flexible)三、就近解决(short distance)四、提前完成(keep the schedule ahead)健康(health)一、充分休息(enough rest)二、营养均衡(balanced nutrition)三、体育锻炼(body exercise, sports)四、远离疾病(away from diseases)安全(safety)一、食品安全(food safety)二、人身安全(body safety)三、财产安全(property safety)四、生活稳定(stability, sustainability)情感(affection, love, feeling)一、亲情(family love, family accord)二、友情(friendship)三、爱情(love)四、人际关系/社会圈子(interpersonal relationship, social circle)成功(success)一、成就感(a sense of achievement)二、荣誉感(a sense of honor)三、自信(self-confidence)四、尊敬(respect)品格(virtue)一、诚实(honesty)二、勤奋(diligence)三、独立(independence)四、体贴(considerateness)五、团队精神(team spirit)六、坚韧不拔(persistence, tenacity)环保(environment protection)一、环境污染(environment pollution)二、全球变暖(global warming)三、滥砍滥发/植树造林(deforestation, afforestation)学习(learning)一、必修科目(compulsory course)二、选修科目(optional course)三、在线课程(on-line course)利弊类解题举例1、父母应该帮助孩子做作业吗？2、学校应该给毕业生更多就业指导吗？3、花钱旅游还是为了未来存钱？4、高薪离家远还是低薪离家近？5、高中应该要求所有学生都学习经济学吗？事实类一、“万金由”二、拆分举例“万金由”解事实类举例1、住大城市比住农村能够更好地照顾家庭成员吗？2、孩子现在比过去更独立于父母吗？3、运动员收入过高吗？拆分举例一、对题目中已有的关键名词进行拆分二、合理拆分到具体类别分别讨论拆分举例解题示范1、住大城市比住农村能够更好地照顾家庭成员吗？2、运动员收入过高吗？3、20年后学生还会使用打印书籍吗？抽象题目的拆分举例1、观察动物能够了解人性吗？2、人们工作是为了钱还是为了社会地位？3、现在社会中最严重的问题会在我们有生之年解决吗？4、人们过分关注衣着和长相了吗？5、人们穿衣服是为了美观吗？利弊类与事实类的解题总结一、“万金由”与拆分举例都适用；二、“万金由”提示观点，拆分举例细化讨论范围；三、理清思路，避免跑题。

托福写作讲义

（一）综合写作All the more 尤其At best 充其量姑且Hold water （理论、计划等）证明正确合理，说得通，（容器）不漏水;言之有理综合写作（1+3）综合写作流1、Direction(1min)2、Reading(3min)——230-300 words academic articles3、Listening(2min)——the topic is same as reading4、Writing(20min)——200-220 words best综合写作要求：1、topic: academic2、不能写自己的观点3、写阅读和听力之间的联系（OPPOSE 三驳三）驳斥的种类：（1）优点被驳斥（2）缺点被驳斥（3）证据被驳斥应试攻略：（1）找例子：typically, suppose, for example, take..example, especially, actually, in fact （2）找原因：since, because, the reason why, due to, thank to, owing to（3）找结构性连词：a)“结果”: so, therefore, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a resultb)“让步”和”转折”：in contrast, on the contrast, nevertheless, still, yet阅读要义读完一句，用简洁中英文或符号记下大意重点关注两类词：（1）文中反复出现的词（2）实义动词听力要义（1）阅读中出现过的词（2）听具有知己意义的词（实义动词、形容词）写作要义（1+3）1、开头段：写一段表明Reading 和Lecture 的联系（1）综合写作话题（2）阅读中心论点（3）听力中心论点2、主体部分：写三段（1）每段一对一的阐述（2）每段结构：过渡性连词（首先，其次，再次）句群1：阅读的分论点+阅读的细节句群2：听力的分论点+听力的细节开头段框架:The reading and listening materials have a conflict of opinions about……The writers believe that ………...which is contradicted by the following lecture.（1）Conflict——>debate/argument/discussion/dispute/controversy（2）About——>concerning/regarding/as to/with regards to/pertaining to（3）Believe——>consider/deem/advocate/insist（4）Contradicted——>disagree/oppose/refute/retort每段框架表达句（1）The reading states that…….On the contrary, the lecture points out that….（2）Although it is said in the passage that…..The lecture holds the view point that…..（3）The passage maintains that…..However, professor offers a different idea about….（4）The writer contends that……..while the speaker views this issue from an oppo site angle.According to her/him…..（5）The author asserts that….Nevertheless, the speaker oppose this claim by saying that……（6）The passage argues that…..By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, the writer’s view does not hold water.综合写作框架：The reading and listening materials have a debate of opinions concerning that……The writers support that ………...which is opposed by the following lecture.First of all, the reading maintains that………However, the lecture points out that……Secondly, although it is said in the passage that ………., the speaker holds the view that……. Finally, the author asserts that ………..By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, the writer’s view does not hold water.综合写作注意点：1、阅读材料的论点和细节的关键信息都要写！2、重点写听力的内容（越多越好）3、要更加注意整体篇章的把握，不要过于注重细小的错误。

托福突破作文(2014.12.26)

1.Make a decision alone or not 小马page 56 and 高分page 110高分seek advice but make decisions alone例子continuing one’s education or finding a jobChange or quit a job within family members小马vary from situation to situationAlone when facing personal affairsConsulting others or starting a poll when involving the interests of a group of people or organization例子parents influence on choice of lifeCompany, member board, collaborator to chooseAll staff evaluate logistical serviceNational and international issuesConsult the professional or experienced people for social issues2.Should adults make important decisions for their older teenage children? Page 122, 可以参照page 110第一段Should not make decisions on behalf of their children but should take an active part in the decision-making process by giving advices, providing information, experience, knowledge and boosting confidence.While parents should guide or direct their child, sometimes it is helpful to allow him/her to make a mistake. This will teach the child to live with the consequences of a wrong decision and also to ponder future choices more carefully.3.Support the arts or protect the environment 高分page 112Protect the environment since a healthy environment is the perquisite to produce and enjoy the arts and each company has an obligation to secure environment which it pollutes either directly or indirectly.4.Movies: serious or entertaining 高分page 114I derive a greater sense of enjoyment from movies that get me to think, because I can find better light entertainment elsewhere and I consider movies a serious art form.诚然，看movies that amuse or entertain lights can distract oneself from the seriousness of everyday life and can serve as a kind of escape. However, it’s nothing more than diversion. Serious movies, on the other hand, can present an important social issue from a point view that has not been thoroughly discussed. Thus, the audience can begin to think about questions that they had not considered before. In this sense, movies can add to discussion and make a contribution to culture and society.5.Should businesses do anything they can to make a profit? Page 116In the course of pursuing the greatest profit, the companies should also abide by the laws and regulations and have an ethical responsibility to both their employees and the community in which they do business.don’t include illegal means and bend the rules of the trade. 例子，some companies deliberately ignored government standards for environmental pollution limits or tried to bribe government officials to allow them to bypass these regulations. Government should set strongmeasures to punish violatorscompanies cut jobs, move jobs to another country or just close down an entire manufacturing plant simply to make further profits. However, they are not fully aware of the consequences of their actions on the lives of their employees and communities. Short-term后果，mass unemployment and sudden death of local economy, long-term: social problems such as crime, homelessness, domestic violence and drug abuse, etc.6.Live life in a hurry or at a slower pace? 高分page 118By living life at a slower pace, I have become a better student, a more reliable friend and a person who enjoys life much more than before.Get rid of several extracurricular activities and focus more on studies.Slow down the tempo and take a step back in order to prioritize the things in my life. Keep track of friends and families.Concentrate on the moment, pay more attention to detail, appreciate the good things in life without being worried about what to get accomplished next.7.Are games equally important for adults and children? 高分page 120Through games children learn gross motor and fine motor skills, they practice and develop the ability to use language, and they learn important interpersonal and social skills. Adults can use games to strengthen these areas, but their abilities are already much more advanced, and therefore games are more important for children.8.What do you appreciate most in a friend? Page 124Intelligent: some conversations on meaningful topics can be intellectually stimulating. Humorous: can entertain and ease sorrows by making me laugh in difficult timesReliable: can stand by me in difficult times, cheer each other up and rely on each other.9.Be self-employed, work for someone else or own a business? Page 128Owing one’s own business: the fastest way to fortune but have responsibilities toward the financial security of my employees and their families and is very risky.Working for an employer: less risky and there are fewer responsibility; but I have less freedom to choose what types of jobs to do. Sometimes I have to work on assignments that don’t interest me very much. Besides, it is hard for me to balance personal life and career. Sometimes, I am forced to work overtime to finish a task. In other words, I have to sacrifice my personal time to cater to my boss’ needs or maximize the interests of the company.So in sum, I would like to be self-employed. In this way, I have more freedom. On one hand, I can decide which jobs to take and which one to reject and on the other hand, I can have a more flexible work schedule that will not interfere with my personal life. Furthermore, I can be involved in every step of the development process, which is quite cool.。

新托福突破口综合作文阅读听力原文(文本)全集满分范文

新托福突破口TPO（1-33+纸质版4、5）综合作文阅读、听力原文（文本）全集+满分范文综合写作是作文部分，必不可少的一部分。

但是在此之前，我们很多考友都将这一部分给忽略了，我们总是将独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值。

我们很多考友都是在分数出来之后，才发现综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。

其实我们之所以综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们的听力实力的影响，换句话说，当我们很多考友的听力分数只有15分上下的时候，我们对于综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多考友还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！因此，你就需要今天的，《新托福突破口TPO（1-33+纸质版4、5）综合作文阅读、听力原文（文本）全集+满分范文》包含2个部分，分别是TPO1-30综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集，与1篇综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。

力图给各位考友一个写作的目标，也就是给自己一个提高的方向。

毕竟，如果自己的综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可以极大地缓解独立作文的压力。

至于很多考友不知道纸质版TPO为何物，其实很简答，纸质版TPO就是ETS在中国大陆出版的一本真题集，一共只有5套，前3套与TPO 现有的内容重复，但是第四套和第五套是全新的试题。

每每提到的纸质版4、5套就指的是这两套题。

那么如何使用这个文件呢？首先，就是在自己做模考之后，可以根据这里面的听力的文本，来检验自己的听力内容是否抓的足够好，尤其是要看写的够不够全！很多时候，我们的综合作文之所以分低，就是因为听力写的不全！第二点，也可以用于很多考友在考前来做跟读，因为很多考友，都是在感叹自己的口语实力不够，那么做跟读，仔细地来模仿ETS官方素材，是一个很好的提高自己口语的方式。

毕竟口语最终考的，是口语本身说的是否足够流畅，要想在考试的时候说的很流畅，就是要在平时张口多说，只有多说，我们才能够做到足够的流利。

TOEFL写作讲义

TOEFL写作讲义（主讲：戴云）第一章总体介绍一、我的赏与罚封赏与晋升：普通教徒---罗汉---金刚---护法---菩萨---佛---高级佛---教主助理---副教主---常务副教主课堂可以获得最高功名为护法考试95及以上为菩萨，100分以上佛，105分以上高级佛，110分以上教主助理，115 分以上副教主，118分以上常务副教主，121分以上教主。

批评与惩戒：Curse---赠送白绫---开除出教二、托福写作圣经要多记笔记：1、可以保证focus on my lecture，不会absent-minded2、保证将来会有复习的clues写作的第一要务是把观点表达清楚。

1、写作必须有观点2、要给出一个清楚的观点写作考试不基于考生的真实身份。

托福作文中所有的例子和细节可以是真的，也可以是假的。

写作考试只考察语言水平，不考察思想水平。

举例：建工厂不同意的理由有三：1、造成污染；2、交通堵塞；3、物价上涨写作考试不测试考生的真实想法。

作文不是写想写的，而是写好写的、能写的。

举例：父母是最好的老师，你同意吗？同意的理由：1、how to behave myself；2、value system；3、experience上述理由都不能证明该题目“后天的知识是老师教的，而不是父母教的”存在逻辑错误，将老师与父母并列起来，应该在老师前面加上修饰语“学校的”。

写作是基于表达，而不是基于翻译。

举例：婀娜多姿：beautiful；妩媚动人：lovelyY ou are extremely smart. extremely means very托福考试30分钟最低要写300字，一般要求写400到500字写作内容和语言同等重要。

把内容表达清楚可以拿到高分clarity高于variety，variety高于complexityclarity is the priority观点的层次比观点的数目更重要。

逻辑错误比语法错误更严重。

托福写作材料讲解

托福写作材料讲解托福写作热门材料讲解古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动，多工作，多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的托福写作热门材料讲解，希望能给大家带来帮助!task 1托福写作素材模板：体育和团队合作素材段落Teamwork is important in sports because achieving a victory almost always requires the effort of every team member. That is to say, every athlete’s performance matters when participating in team sports. For example, in baseball, each player relies on his teammates to perform different functions than his own. Soccer is similar in this respect, as a defensive player strives to keep the other team from scoring, but must depend on offensive players to score in order for the team to win. Even sports that are considered individual sports can often become team sports. Competitors in the 100-metre dash often form teams that include coaches, nutritionists and therapists who serve as a support system for the individual athlete.单词和词组in this respect 在这个方面=in this way/aspect✎ with respect to/in reference tostrive to 努力做某事=endeavor to, make great efforts to, exert oneself to✎ In order to prosper economically, every nation in the world strives to build working forces with desirable health conditions.话题词汇团体项目 group/teamwork project合作伙伴关系 partnership需要协作的工作 collaborative work提高工作的.斗志 lift morale/spirits合作精神 sense of collaboration/cooperation/teamwork强调团队协作重要性address/stress the importance of teamwork提出可行的解决方案 propose a feasible solution成功的概率更高 have a better chance of successtask 2托福写作素材模板：养宠物的益处素材段落Pets can provide us with companionship. When we come back home from an exhausting day, our little buddies provide good reasons for us to take a walk outside. Obviously, pets would bring us relaxation and refreshment, not to mention the feeling of being needed and relied upon. Keeping pets is an effective way of keeping us from feeling lonely. Besides, pets can enhance positive behavior in children. Research shows that children who play with pets are more caring and they would know how to take care of other people. Children will become affable because of the love they give to their pets, which in turn will create far-reaching implications for their future. To conclude, pets are just like our friends who help us drive away loneliness and satisfy some of our mental and spiritual needs.单词和词组rely upon 依靠、依赖=depend on✎ No individual is strong enough to face the overwhelmingchallenges of competitors by relying upon his/her own strength.affable 和蔼可亲的=friendly, gentlecreate far-reaching implications 产生深远影响✎Parents’ behaviors will create far-reaching implications on their children’s growth.话题词汇休息和放松 rest and relaxation释放压力 release pressure和家人一起去野营go camping with one’s family members去附近的购物中心 go to a close shopping mall/center橱窗浏览 go window-shopping养宠物 raise pets选择田园生活 prefer the natural life重新振作 fully refreshed【托福写作热门材料讲解】。

托福独立写作范文三两招突破独立写作系列

托福独立写作范文三两招突破独立写作系列为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福考试作文小技巧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福独立写作范文| 三两招突破独立写作系列(一)写作范文今日一招：“四两拨千斤”解读：一句话完成“对比”性的争论“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to work for a business owned by someone else than to work for a business owned by your family.”我们以【立场：work for a business owned by someone else】为例，展现这一招“四两拨千斤”：先争论对方的劣势：假如work for a business owned by my family，可能会让我感到不适。

If I work for a business owned by my family, the atmosphere of the company may feel strange, making me uncomfortable. This is my case, actually. I declined the offer from my uncle’s company for theconsideration that since I may be recognized as the nephew of the company’s owner, other staff may show a defensive attitude and gesture when they work with me. They may exchange ideas behind my back, and although those ideas may not be bad words about the company, they would not involve me in the discussion. Meanwhile, the office may be a stressful place, because there in their eye is a spy or a snitcher, which is me. I do not think that I could feel comfortable working in such an environment as my coworkers would behave with too much discretion in front of me.至此，我们发觉，我们充分争论了对方的不利之处。

高分突破英语作文书

高分突破英语作文书Title: Mastering English Composition Writing。

Mastering English composition writing requires a combination of skills and strategies that enable you to express your ideas clearly and effectively. In this article, we'll delve into some key techniques to help you achieve high scores in your English composition.First and foremost, it's essential to understand the prompt thoroughly. Take your time to analyze the topic or question provided, and identify the main points you need to address in your essay. This initial step lays thefoundation for a well-structured and focused composition.Once you grasp the prompt, brainstorm ideas and create an outline before diving into writing. Organize your thoughts logically, ensuring a smooth flow of ideas throughout your essay. An outline serves as a roadmap, guiding you through each paragraph and helping maintaincoherence in your writing.When crafting your introduction, aim to grab thereader's attention and provide a clear thesis statementthat outlines the main argument or purpose of your essay. A compelling introduction sets the tone for the rest of your composition and entices the reader to continue.In the body paragraphs, support your thesis with relevant evidence, examples, and explanations. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or argument, with smooth transitions between them to maintain coherence. Be sure to use varied sentence structures and vocabulary to keep your writing engaging and dynamic.Moreover, pay attention to paragraph unity and coherence. Each paragraph should develop a central idea, supported by evidence and analysis, and should flow logically into the next. Avoiding abrupt shifts in topic or tone enhances the readability of your essay and reinforces your argument.Additionally, integrate quotations and citations appropriately if you're drawing upon external sources. Be mindful of citation formats and ensure accuracy in referencing to avoid plagiarism. When incorporatingevidence from sources, provide context and analysis to demonstrate your understanding and critical thinking skills.As you approach the conclusion, summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a concise manner. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion; instead, leave the reader with a memorable takeaway or thought-provoking insight related to your topic.Revision is a crucial step in the writing process. Take the time to review and edit your essay for clarity, coherence, grammar, and punctuation errors. Considerseeking feedback from peers, teachers, or tutors to gain different perspectives and identify areas for improvement.Finally, practice regularly to hone your writing skills. Set aside time for writing exercises, essay prompts, or journaling to build fluency and confidence in expressingyour ideas in English. Remember that improvement takes time and effort, so persevere and stay committed to your writing goals.In conclusion, mastering English composition writing requires careful planning, organization, and practice. By following these strategies and techniques, you can enhance your writing skills and achieve high scores in your English essays. Keep challenging yourself, and don't hesitate to seek guidance and feedback along the way. Happy writing!。

托福写作强化班讲义

托福写作强化班讲义托福写作强化班讲义开头段范文The best way to increase students’ interest in a subject is to teach them the significance of the subject outside of school.It is well acknowledged that interest is the best teacher. Students can considerably improve their academic performance if they study with great interest. Therefore, educators are striving to find ways to help arouse students’interest in various subjects. Some propose that no means is better to increase students’interest than teaching them the importance of the subject outside of school. However, I have different opinion.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The main role of a university professor is to educate students rather than to do research.Universities are places where foundations of academic study are cultivated and it is no question that professors play an important role in the education quality at the university. Among the tasks that professors undertake every day, researching and teaching activities take up most of their time. Some people would say that professors should focus more on teaching than research. I disagree. I believe that in order to enrich the learning experience of college students, a professor should focus a significant amount of time on his or her research.Although science and technology will continue to improve, themost significant improvement for the quality of people's lives have already taken place.The development of science and technology has always accompanied the progress of human society. The 21st century has seen leaps and bounds advancement of science and technology, making people’s lives more and more efficient and convenient. Some people are wondering whether science and technology will keep on improving. As for me, I believe many significant innovations will continue to occur since human civilization is motivated and propelled by the progress of science and technology.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? An effective leader should try to make others feel that they are part of the decision making process.Leaders play a profound role in the success of a group. Due to this, the strategy of a leader is at the frontline of public debate. So there is a controversy whether effective leaders should let group members feel they participated in the process of decision making or not. From my point of view, good leaders should try to make group members feel they are part of the process of decision making. My reasons and examples listed below will strengthen my point.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Newspapers and magazines are the best ways to learn about a foreign country.With the increasing development of technology, we now have the ability to acquire much information from foreign media sources. Because we can learnmuch about events happening in other countries from the mass media, such as magazines and newspapers, many people may think that reading magazines and newspapers is the best way to learn about a foreign country. However, I believe that only reading magazines and newspapers as a way of learning about a foreign country has several limitations.练习：Young people today are more likely to help others than in the past.Your job will have more effect on your happiness than the social life does.写好主题句：范文：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds.To begin with, compared with art facilities, recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds are much more essential to people’s daily life.Secondly, art facilities are generally much more expensive to establish.Furthermore, once a museum or a concert hall is established, it usually charges a high admission fee in order to sustain its daily operation and to fund ambitious projects or performances.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? there is never good resaon to be impolite(rude) to another person.First, in dealing relationships with family and friend, people need to be polite and considerate.Second, in a working environment, one needs to obey the basic social norms of courtesy for interpersonal communication.Third, in the political realm and entertainment industry, celebrities need to show a gracious and friendly manner in order to maintain a positive image.练习：Young people today are more likely to help others than in the past.Your job will have more effect on your happiness than the social life does.一．教育类素材思路09年5月30日(10年11月21日）Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Younger school children (ages 5-10) should be required to study art and music in addition to math language, science and history.Nowadays, more and more parents treat art and music as compulsory subjects to children because parents believe they can help cultivate creativeness. However, I hold a negative attitude toward this opinion due to the fact that art and music cost too much money and are not necessary to help children get to success. Admittedly, learning art and music have some minor advantages. They can make students more creative and this will benefit students in the future. For example, a businessman inspired by art and music may create a way of selling his commodities. However, art and music are not the only way of being creative. In fact, some subjects such as math, chemistry and physics also contribute greatly to our creativeness.First, learning art and music is quite costly. If schools have art and music classes, they need to equip themselves with a great deal of instruments, brushes and pigments, all of which need lots of money and therefore, schools will ask students to pay more money. Only in that way can a school afford the costs. Take my school for example. Before we were required to study art and music, we only need to pay about 150 yuan a month. However, when we were required to studythem, the school fees soar to 400 yuan. This made parents felt upset and angry because they thought the school had no reason to increase school fees. In the end, it made the school unaffordable and few parents wanted to pay the extra tuitions. As a result, our school’s educational quality decreased at an unbelievable rate. Obviously, it is not advisable to require children to study art and music.In addition, learning art and music does not necessarily lead students to success.A mathematician who has no time to study art can finally obtain great achievement and contribute a lot to science; a business people who only desires money can finally become wealthy and famous in his field; an athlete who treat art and music as boring stuffs can finally stand on the top of the podium and be respected by people all over the world. All of the above demonstrate the fact that know ledge from art and music is indeed not so necessary for students’ future careers.From the foregoing discussion, requiring children to study art and music can help children cultivate creativeness to some extent, but the disadvantages are of more importance. Instead, I suggest the art and music courses can be optional courses for young school children. (418 words)09年11月7日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?To achieve successful development of a country, a government should focus its b udgets more on young children’s education rather than on universities’.Whether a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education than on universities? The answer is yes. I concede that university education now mostly relies on government’s budget. However, early education needs more money to guarantee good quality of education and school facilitates. Children aged from 5-18 are at the most crucial stage of intelligence development, so they deserve better educators. According to a latest research result reported by China Children Health Fund (CCHF), a child’s intelligence develops mostly from five to eighteen, so commonly, excellent educators are required in people’s early ages. Besides, the training and educating of a well-qualified teacher in primary school or secondary school are often quite costly, and they need to be paid a relatively high salary, for example, over 1000 dollars per month. As the number of teachers in primary school and secondary school increases, youngchildren education becomes unaffordable for most parents and as a result, government should pay more to subsidize the early education.Young children education also needs good school facilitates, which cost governments a great amount of money. The chief minister in Treasury announced that they spent 3% fiscal income, as much as 500 million dollars, on primary education, but that is not enough. It is because children desire a complete set of school facilitates, such as playgrounds, canteens, laboratories, libraries and dormitories which are so expensive. For example, a school library equipped with advanced computers costs at least 100 thousand dollars; a dormitory building serving meals and laundries costs at least 150 thousand dollars. Since early education is compulsory for everyone in my country, the government has to pay much more to set up school facilitates.Admittedly, university education does need money. Usually, salaries of university professors are high and the schooling instruments are costly. However, college education should mainly rely on donations from social organizations, large corporations and accomplished alumni, which relieve much financial pressure of governments. What’s more, considered as the elites’ education, college career is optional for people, so it is reasonable for colleges to charge a comparatively high tuition fee to students anticipating universities.To conclude, although universities need budgets to build campuses, remodel laboratories and refill libraries, many social organizations, companies and individuals can raise fund for them. The government, with limited budget splitting to many fields, should put priority to young children’s schooling in terms of education. (426 words)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The benefits that students can get from student organization or club activities are as many as that they can get from their academic studies.Presently, universities in China often go to extremes by laying too much emphasis on the academic studies while ignoring the importance of extracurricular activities like student organizations and club activities, which is, so far as I'm concerned, rather ill-considered. As a matter of fact, in my observation, student organizations and club activities benefit students equally as the academic studies, and the reasons are manifold.To begin with, student organizations and club activities provide students with a valuable platform to enlarge their social circles. By participating the clubs and organizations, students are more likely to meet people sharing the commoninterest with them, and establish long-lasting friendship. Take my own experience as an example; my enthusiasm for English brought me to the English corner in our university weekly, where I met a group of students who were equally passionate for English, even though they were not majoring in this area. The casual chat with them opened a new window for me, and I was greatly enlightened and refreshed by those friends, who have now constituted an inseparable and valued part of my life.In addition, the experience in the student organizations and club activities will be particularly instrumental for you if you want to acquire leadership and organizational skills. The real participation in the organization of clubs and associations will oftentimes indicate frequent communication with different people, the coordination of different groups, as well as some minor technical problems like the design of posters and websites. Though seemingly troublesome or even trivial sometimes, all these will benefit you in the long run. I have witnessed many friends who have earned desirable positions in the job hunting due to their rich experience in student organizations and club activities.Finally, taking part in the student organizations and club activities will also help students pursue their interests. Oftentimes, the academic studies are just boring and possibly a far cry from the student's own interest, whereas the participation of club activities can reignite their passion and offer a stage for them to pursue their love. It once happened in my university that a student majoring in Japanese won the top prize for software design, which was really very surprising. The reason for his success lies in his participation in the computer club which provides him with the chance to indulge in his interest.Therefore, considering all these factors, it is only fair to conclude that student organizations and club activities are indeed equally beneficial to students as the academic studies.人文科学humanities n.社会科学social sciences n.文科liberal arts n.理科sciences n.工科engineering n.青少年children and youth n.团队精神team spirit n.榜样role model n.小学教育primary-level education n.中学教育secondary-level education n大学教育tertiary-level education n.学生的反馈students’feedback n.心理学的psychological a.溺爱spoil vt培养cultivate vt.使适应adapt oneself to sth独立思考think independently获得知识/技能acquire knowledge/skills为将来打好基础lay a foundation for the future培养责任感to cultivate a sense of responsibility通才generalist n.专才specialist n.同龄人peer n.同龄人压力peer pressure n.以教师/学生为中心的teachers/students-oriented a.应试教育exam-oriented education a.误入歧途go astray死记硬背learn things by rote家长的参与parental involvement n全面发展的well-rounded a.作业：2010.2.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:High school students should take a course on basic economics.2010.3.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:If child want to do well in school, parents should limit the hours of watching TV programs or movies.2009.4.3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salaries. 二．政府类素材思路：2011.4.9 大陆=2009.9.19北美约等于2008.5.10It’s more important for the government to spend money to build art museums and music performance center than to build recreational facilities (such as swimming pool, playgrounds).An important function of the government is to build public facilities to enrich the material and spiritual life of its citizens. Whether the government should put priority on art museums and concert halls or spend money on entertaining places like playgrounds is a debate being discussed. In my view, building art museums and concert halls has more value than recreational facilities.Admittedly, recreational facilities can enrich the way people spend their holidays. For Example, Universal Studio in Los Angles have many fancy cartoon cosplays, thrilling rollercoaster and 3-dimension movies. I can still remember the day when I went there with my best friends, all about laughter and happiness. However, entertainment costs money, and the primary function of the government is not to entertain people and make profits from it. Many corporations and affluent individuals can invest money on those luxury buildings and equipments, so the government should put more budgets on cultural facilities.Moreover, art museums or concert halls can enhance the culture environment of the region or even the whole country. If the government cherishes the cultural heritage and encourage people to go to galleries and concerts by lowering the fees or even making it free, people will be immersed in this art atmosphere and try their best to preserve it. For example, in Vienna, where the beauty Sydney Opera House stands, people regard music as an indispensible part of their daily life. It is not exaggerating to say every Viennese is a musician, and we can see people discuss the symphony of Bach in the bar or cafe on the street.In addition, if the government builds elaborate art museums and concert halls, they can become the symbol of a city and boost tourism. By attracting a large population of tourists, the whole economy of a region or a country will boom accordingly. Not only the entrance tickets but also the other domains, such as the catering and hotel industry, can bring large profits. For example, Paris allures millions of tourists every year, and one key reason is people’s yearning for the grand Louvre Palace to admire the most brilliant artistic works in the world .As an art lover, one important purpose of my New York travel was to visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and I bought some souvenirs there. Hence, the money that governments spend on art museums and concert halls will be paid back by the visitors.In conclusion, although entertainment is a crucial aspect of people’s life and provides them a vehicle to release stress in present society, the cultural investment can pacify human’s soul to a more profound extend. Regarding the functions of the government and potential benefits cultural facilities can bring, itis wiser to use the funds in art museums and concert halls.政府类词汇：当局authorities(n)老百姓citizens/the citizenry规范，管理regulate/administer/oversee实施implement立法legislate(vi)/make laws民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government禁止prohibit/ban严格的法律stringent laws/legislation规章制度rules and regulations为。

托福基础写作讲义参考答案

托福基础写作讲义参考答案第二章：一般功能词汇（P10-P19）1 逻辑关系表示因果关系(1)because(2)owing to(3)As a result(4)so(5)thereby(6)thus(7)His illness/sickness resulted from eating bad food.(8)Industrial Revolution originated in/from the invention of steam engine.(9)gives rise to(10)is responsible for(11)prompted表示类比与对比关系(1)Similarly(2)Boys demanded total loyalty from girls, but by the same token boys gave total loyalty in return.(3)Unlike(4)She doesn't seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think she is rather beautiful.(5)In contrast to their pessimism, I was feeling a remarkable euphoria.(6)The policy will promote rather than hinder reformInstead of hindering reform, the policy will promote it.表示让步关系(1)Nonetheless(2)Although I was tempted to various benefits, I still insist on my principles.(3)despite表示限定关系(1)In terms of/in terms of(2)When it comes to2.2 事物数量表示很多(1)a host of(2)legions of(3)Innumerable(4)Government met a vast number of difficulties when treating water pollution.(5)A large amount of(6)A great deal of Sprite was left in the bottle.(7)Liu Qian performed plenty of magic shows to entertain audiences at Spring Festival Gala.表示很少(1)A small number of(2)few表示各种各样(1)The two doctors made different diagnoses of my disease.(2)various(3)diverse(4)diverse表示相同的(1)Bill Gate’s achievements are not comparable to Edison’s.(2)similar(3)alike(4)The two systems are, in fact, identical.2.3 变化(1)boost(2)grew(3)rise(4)has risen(5)increases(6)The volume of business of Baidu Inc. has grown dramatically in the past five years.(7)has dwindled(8)deplete(9)The number of students attending college entrance exam has dwindled quickly for four years insuccession.2.4 事物/事件属性表示重要的(1)crucial/fundamental(2)integral parts of(3)be significant(4)In the American system of values，patience is not a high priority.表示次要的(1)secondary(2)Sex education has always been a low priority in schools, and parents are often reluctant to talk about thetaboo issue.(3)takes a back seat.表示昂贵的/便宜的(1)costly(2)Asians are major purchasers of world famous luxurious brand such as Louis Vuitton, Gucci and Dior.(3)The price of houses located within the 3rd ring road in Beijing is exorbitant.(4)He kept his first love letter since it was pretty precious to him.(5)cheap(6)Although Mark Zuckerberg is a billionaire, he lives a frugal life such as taking subway in Beijing.表示必要的/非必要的(1)necessary(2)imperative(3)Without doubt, when it comes to international terrorism, a new spirit of common resolution isindispensable.(4)We usually pay attention to some inessential details, but throw away what are more valuable .(5)Mutual distrust is the cause for unnecessary arguments between many couples.表示合适的/不合适的(1)A focus on climate change is entirely appropriate.(2)Horror movies are not proper to teenagers. Even so, many of them are still keen on this kind of movies.(3)When visiting National September 11 Memorial, loud laughter seems inappropriate.(4)improper(5)Due to the unsuitable climate, it's impossible to play the winter games like skiing in Britain.表示传统的(1)Dragon Boat Festival, a Chinese traditional festival, is to commemorate Qu Yuan, the great politician,thinker and poet.(2)Mother told us many conventional ideas that we can get pregnant holding hands with boys when I was ayoung girl.(3)It is a conventional culture to put cheeks against others when people great each other in Belgium.表示可能的/不可能的(1)There is a huge likelihood that transoceanic missile can be built right now.(2)It is conceivable that economists believe that a new economic crisis will sweep around the world.(3)possible(4)The level of unemployment in America is unlikely to decline in the next five years.表示明显的(1)Helping the enemies of one’s own country is an apparent treason.(2)Big banks have obvious advantages over small ones.(3)The design of this website delivered distinct sense of visual stimulation.表示普遍存在的/罕见的(1)prevalent(2)Nowadays, plastic products are ubiquitous in our lives.(3)Wild pandas are quite rare in China.(4)Due to massive usage of paper products, forest vegetation are becoming gradually sparse.表示强制的/可选择的(1)are required to(2)mandatory(3)She will choose French as an elective course next year.第三章：特殊背景词汇（P22-P63）School EducationA:1. have a strong impact on2. work as a team3. share a room with4. prevent school violence5. making a change in6. Learning by yourself7. With the help of8. offer an educational opportunity9. gain updated information10. face your problem11. expand your knowledge12. get involved in outdoor activitiesB（略）Translation:1. Teachers and students all have to participate with enthusiasm in a class discussion.2. It costs a lot of money for parents to make their children study abroad.3. Besides pursuing knowledge, people also attend a university to do their career preparation.4. All the students should have the opportunity to do outdoor activities.5. Schools provide students with opportunities to increase their potential capabilities.6. The goal of writing a book report is to share ideas with others about the book you read.7. As you write, you will be able to organize your thoughts better.8. Sometimes, people learn by making a mistake.9. Some students do not want to go to school because they feel peer pressure.10. I believe that every student should be required to read a book every week.11. In order to promote creative thinking, some people explore nature.12. Real life experience is as important as knowledge from school.13. School life includes not only attending classes but also getting along with other students.14. The government should increase the education budget so that every school can have its own library.15. Every person has a choice of whether to live or to die.16. If we have a long summer vacation, we can use it to develop expertise in a certain field.17. In my opinion, every elementary school teacher should have a diploma in psychology.18. I prefer watching TV to reading books because I can gain knowledge from TV more easily than from books.19. Once you form a study group with others, you should follow the rules of the group.20. Some people commit crimes because they only put a priority on personal gains.Family & SocietyA:1. get along with2. form an organization3. make a contribution to4. has a tendency to5. have more of a sense of community6. feel secure7. follow in a same-sex parent’s footsteps8. show respect to9. use public transportation10. participate in community activities.11. making important decision for12. reminds me ofB（略）Translation:1. Students have to decide what to do for a living in the future before they graduate from school.2. It is hard to support your family without making sacrifices yourself.3. Once you make a promise, you should be committed to keeping it.4. Young children treat their pets like toys.5. Since we have freedom of speech, we can form public opinion regardless of our age.6. Parents have high standards for their children because they love their children.7. As a way to improve public transportation, I suggest running the subway 24 hours a day.8. Some people say teenage delinquency is not necessary for the mental development of adolescents.9. I want to have a close relationship with all of my classmates.10. In Korean culture, people usually do not build a monument to a living person.11. Dependent children are often too emotionally attached to their parents.12. It is our duty to pass on our good values to our children.13. In order to practice a particular religion, you have to obey the rules of that religion from the bottom of your heart.14. You cannot be a good teacher until you show leadership skills to your students.15. In my view, people have to live in different places before putting down their roots in one place.16. People tend to be hospitable to a member of their group.17. If you live in a suburban area, you will have a lot of chances to know your neighbors.18. Children usually build their social skills for the first time in kindergarten.19. Before trying to gain the support of your family, you should try to do without their help.20. If you visit a friend’s neighborhood, you may understand your friend better.Economy & BusinessA:1. have a positive attitude towards2. obtains an entry-level position3. encourage competition4. work overtime5. leave your job6. make up for their losses7. Getting a promotion/ Climbing corporate ladder8. cannot a promotion9. returning corporate profits to society10. get a refund on11.charges higher prices12. lower the interest rateB（略）Translation:1. It is important to understand the market principles to be successful in a business.2. Some companies never fire employees but allow them to retire from their jobs.3. Interest rates are one of the most important factors to boost the economy.4. If a company does not have enough money to pay back a loan, it may end up going bankrupt.5. It is essential to increase productivity to keep a good work environment.6. If you want to hire a person in your department, you have to explain a job description.7. A number of people should work very hard in order to make a living.8. One of the best aspects of having a job is earning money.9. Public schools would lack revenue if we did not pay taxes.10. You must compete with others in order to climb the corporate ladder.11. In a group project, you can feel a sense of accomplishment and share it with others.12. A lack of communication with your family is not beneficial to your mental health.13. You have to minimize your cost of living to save money for the future.14. It is more effective to complain in writing than to complain in person.15. When two companies work together, they can split the cost of production.16. I prefer getting paid by the hour to getting paid by the day, because my job requires me to work overtime all the time.17.Everyone’s effort is needed to overcome the economic recession.18. If you call in sick every week, nobody will believe you.19. Many people want to be self-employed these days.20. A company cannot urge its employees to devote their whole lives to the company.Living & ThinkingA:1. plan ahead2. go on a shopping spree/ get stressed out3. take advantage of4. look up to5. endure hardship6. get into trouble7. after careful thought8. lives by a rule9. save money for a rainy day10. look down on11. take a short rest12. takes my sideB（略）Translation:1. If you have a lot of things to do, you should set your priorities before taking action.2. Some people are afraid of speaking in public because they are not confident in themselves.3. If you take the risk of starting over, you will not be afraid of failure.4. Because of peer pressure, some students cannot stay out of trouble.5. If you take the risk of starting over, you will not be afraid of failure.6. Some people cannot break their bad habits because they are addicted to those habits.7. It is not wise to judge others by their appearances.8. Sometimes, slowing down is the fastest way.9. Keeping a secret does not always make you a good person.10. Immigrants have difficult times because they should adapt to a new situation.11. Some people are extremely critical of others but very generous in evaluating themselves.12. A lack of communication with your family is not beneficial to your mental health.13. I have a sociable character, so I cannot put up with staying at home alone.14. It is better to consult with your doctor before taking medicine if you are worried about any side effects.15. Being sincere to yourself means telling the truth to yourself.16. Frustration is only a rite of passage to adolescents if they are equipped with courage.17. Everyone’s effort is needed to overcome the economic recession.18. You should make a careful decision when you choose your major in university.19. The world would be boring if everyone had the same taste in everything.20. Optimistic people try not to have regrets about what they cannot change.Culture & LeisureA:1. respect cultural differences2. dress in the traditional costumes3. a guided tour4. make a film about5. save face6. lead public opinion7. make history8. take a break from their routines9. giving (or expressing) an opinion10. be attracted to11. appreciate art12. become an idol to teenagersB（略）Translation:1.When you travel abroad, you may experience jet lag.2. Some people do not want to go traveling because they get severe motion sickness.3. Camping is better than staying at a hotel because I like to make a bonfire.4. You should make a reservation in advance for a live performance.5. Nowadays, television decides what is in vogue tomorrow.6. To make many friends, you should carry on a variety of activities.7. It is cheaper to subscribe to a newspaper than to buy it on newsstands.8. Even if I dress in the costume of a queen, it does not make me a queen.9. Every person has a knack for something.10. If you exercise your imaginative power, you can communicate with children better.11. A couch potato would not understand the beauty of nature.12. Parents should recommend their children to make their own rules.13. Students should not be allowed to use their cell phones during recess.14. If you live in a rural area, it will be hard to attend a live performance.15. It can be dangerous to give a ride to a stranger on the street.16. You may not know why you should celebrate national holidays if you do not learn history.17. When someone speaks a different language from you, you have to be more attentive.18. I believe that students can show creativity in art or music classes.19. In my opinion, violent movies have a less effect on copycat crimes than television news does.20. If I have an opportunity to go abroad, I want to go to Europe.Health & EnvironmentA:1. am allergic to2. a desperate food shortage3. cure a patient of a disease4. receive sufficient nutrition5. Educating the public6. adapt to the environment7. preserving the environment8. cause damage to the environment9. gets a physical checkup10. urban sprawl11. be short of12. sustainableB（略）Translation:1. We should prohibit smoking in public places to protect non-smokers.2. Hygiene education is very important to protect people from being infected with disease.3. Natural resources like charcoal or petroleum are nonrenewable resources.4. Healthy eating habits can decrease the risks of heart-related illness.5. Using less water and carrying one’s own cup help to preserve the environment.6. Eating les and doing daily exercise are the best ways to diet.7. While it is easy to pollute the air, it is very hard to purify polluted air.8. Getting sleep when you are stressed out is not always good for your mental health.9. A dense population has caused a serious increase in the temperature in our city.10. Every living thing consumes energy, but humans consume the most energy.11. It is more important to prevent a disease than to heal the disease.12. The next generation will not be able to consume as many natural resources as we do.13. Students should learn at school how we can care for the handicapped.14. Even though life expectancy has increased over the years, many people still die at a young age.15. Our government is managing public medical facilities very well to compete with private medical facilities.16. Due to careless exploitation, the tropical rainforests of the Amazon are currently in critical condition.17. Optimistic people rarely come down with illnesses.18. People who eat foods which are high in calories must exercise regularly.19. If we can relieve the overpopulation of our city, the traffic problems will be also solved.20. People living in urban areas are more exposed to car exhaust than people living in rural areas.Science & TechnologyA:1. Exploring outer space2. create online communities3. download software from4. shutting down a computer5. make a long-distance call6. made progress7. develop nuclear weapons8. expose children to9. making an in-depth analysis of10. peer-to-peer sharing11. provide us with a chance12. turn off the TVB（略）Translation:1. The purpose of space exploration is to find other planets which humans can control.2. Before signing up for a website, you should read the terms of membership carefully.3. Many people can keep in touch with their old friends through the Internet.4. Radical advances in technology are considered one cause of recent environmental problems.5. The government should make it easier for the handicapped to gain access to information.6. It is necessary for us to change the power resources of electronic appliances to protect the environment.7. Some people do not know how to program a computer though they use it every day.8. It is hard to stay up to date with technology as it progresses so rapidly.9. Genetic engineering has made a great difference in many aspects of our lives.10. We can do more things with our cell phones than just making wireless communications.11. People have used the Internet to get information and interact with others.12. Without the aid of cutting-edge technology, ancient people could build great walls and pyramids.13. Reading more books and watching less television is the key to deep thinking.14. Modern technology is so advanced that we may not be able to make a significant breakthrough any more.15. Computer technology could reach the current state since people did not stop making adjustments.16. Our government should explain why we need to conduct research on outer space.17. Because of the negative consequences of globalization, some countries do not want to keep in step with globalization.18. People without the basic knowledge of computers are called computer illiterate.19. Our government has spent a fortune to advance medical science.20. Since cellular phones are now an integral part of modern life, many people think they cannot do without their cell phones.第四章：必备表达（P64-P103）Agree/ Disagree ITranslation:1. I agree that a feeling of accomplishment is more important than a salary.2. In my opinion, automobiles have done us more good than harm.3. To sum up, it is good for children's emotional development to read fiction.4. There is no question that making quick decisions often gives us the wrong answers.5. It is evident that borrowing money from a friend can damage the friendship.6. I firmly believe that it is a good rule to prohibit smoking in public places.7. In short, homemade food costs less than the food at restaurants.8. I do not hold with the idea that people do not need to travel because they can explore the world through9. I am in favor of the idea that students should learn more than two foreign languages at school.10. I disagree with the opinion that technological development isolates people from each other.11. I firmly believe that water pollution is one of the most serious problems we have.12. I go along with the idea that capital punishment should be terminated.13. There is no doubt that we can learn many things from the elderly.14. Personally, I think that school uniforms prevent students from expressing their personalities.15. I do not hold with the notion that the government is not responsible for poverty at all.16. I agree that teachers should give students daily homework.17. In brief, I prefer staying home to going outside on holidays.18. In summary, people earn money in order to be happy in the end.19. I agree that the government should prohibit the advertising of alcohol and tobacco on television.20. I do not agree that it is more important to learn knowledge from studying than it is to develop creativity.21. In my view, people can get healthier if they do not eat junk food.22. It is evident that violent movies can incite adolescents’ aggressive behavior.23. I firmly believe it is more important to spen d time with one’s family than it is to spend time at work.24. I go along with the opinion that our ancestors enjoyed life more than we do.A:1. people succeed by luck, not by hard work.2. watching television has a negative effect on children.3. middle and high school students should learn art and music as compulsory subjects.4. only the rich can be considered successful.5. childhood is the most important period in one’s life.B:1. movies are as entertaining as novels and short stories.2. teachers’ salaries should be determined by their students’ achievements.3. dancing has played a huge role in enriching our cultures.4. children’s academic achievements are more affected by their peers than by their parents.5. In my view, there is nothing people can learn from fictional stories.C:1. experiences gained through hardships become the foundation for a successful future.2. people can communicate more effectively only when they see each other in person.3. modern technology helps students to learn more things in a short period of time.4. you do not need to feel pressured to do what you do not want to do.5. we can learn valuable lessons from fictional books.Writing:1. Agree:I firmly believe that universities should spend as much money on sports activities as they spend on libraries. Knowledge is of no use if students lose their health, so it would be helpful for universities to invest money in sports facilities and encourage students to take part in sports activities.I disagree that students’ sports activities are important enough for universities to spend the same amount of money as they do on libraries. Not every student enjoys sports activities, but all the students need a good facility where they can concentrate on their studies2. Agree:I go along with the idea that traveling in a group led by a tour guide is the best way to enjoy a trip. There are two reasons for this. First, you do not need to worry about getting lost. Also, you can save a lot of money by traveling in a group with other people.Disagree:I do not hold with the opinion that the best way to travel is a guided tour. In my view, traveling alone is more fun because you can go to anywhere you want.3. Agree:I agree that high school students should be able to choose their courses without any limitations. Students will pay more attention to their classes if they are learning what they want to know.Disagree:It is evident that students should not be allowed to take only the courses that they want to study. If they are given such options, students will take only easy courses and avoid possibly boring but important courses.4. Agree:I firmly believe that clothes change people’s behavior. Students try not to g et into trouble when they are wearing their school uniforms because they can be easily identified by their uniforms.Disagree:There is no question that human behavior has nothing to do with one’s clothes. If we could change people’s behavior with clothes, we would be able to reform criminals by changing their clothes.5. Agree:I am in favor of the idea that the mass media tends to dig excessively into the personal lives of famous people.I believe that we do not have to know that they do in their free time unless they commit crimes or harm others’ lives.Disagree:1. In my view, it is unavoidable for public figures and celebrities to be exposed to the mass media. The media would not be interested in the private lives of those people if they were not famous.Agree/ Disagree IITranslation:1. I support the idea that students can develop their imaginations by reading novels.2. I do not think it is impossible for universities to give a scholarship to every student.3. As a result of globalization, people d on’t feel many cultural differences these days.4. There is a saying, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”5. In my experience, parents can be the best friends for their children because they always take their side.6. I am against the opinion that women should stay at home to take care of their children.7. I question whether it is educational to allow children to watch TV commercials.8. For example, passive viewers prefer entertaining programs to informative ones.9. To give you an idea, I will explain how an optimistic attitude can change a person’s life.10. I object to the notion that people who take risks are the only ones who can get good chances.11. I support the idea that it is important to participate in extracurricular activities.12. Consequently, I believe that people who are attracted to dangerous sports cannot stand their daily routines.13. I am against the opinion that people can hardly learn some points from one’s experience.14. It is said that people should be able to take care of themselves when they are isolated.15. I object to the notion that it is a waste of time to listen to popular music.16. It is reported that many parents make their children read biographies.17. I question whether people acknowledge the importance of moral education or not.18. To give you an idea, I will give several reasons why we need a hospital in our community.19. There are several reasons why some students are more successful at language learning than others.20. In my experience, people do not always tell the truth.21. For instance, we can observe animals at a short distance in zoos.22. I am against the opinion that museums are the best places where children can learn about their ancestors.23. As a result of the invention of the light bulb, people can read books at night without their eyesight being damaged.24. Studies indicate that junk foods are one of the major causes of obesity.A:1. playing games has nothing to do with learning how to live one’s life.2. it is more advantageous to be a group member than to lead a group.3. companies should guarantee lifelong employment.4. older people cannot learn lessons from younger people.5. our judgment of someone should not be based on how he or she looks.B:1. teenagers learn how to make important decisions either by making mistakes or through their own experiences.2. recent research, coeducation is more helpful for both male and female students for several reasons.3. we can get a lot of information about a country by watching commercials for that country.4. external appearances are not reliable when you judge a person’s character.5. why children should learn a foreign language in elementary school.C:1. why people are treated differently when they wear different clothes, I will present two examples.2. nobody will work hard to raise his productivity if a company never fires its employees.3. I will discuss how much children can enjoy nature by living in rural areas.4. there have always been bad consequences whenever we destroy ecosystems.5. children can share their opinions about what they saw on TV with their friends.Writing:。

托福写作强化班讲义

托福写作强化班讲义开头段文The best way to increase students’ interest in a subject is to teach them the significance of the subject outside of school.It is well acknowledged that interest is the best teacher. Students can considerably improve their academic performance if they study with great interest. Therefore, educators are striving to find ways to help arouse students’interest in various subjects. Some propose that no means is better to increase students’ interest than teaching them the importance of the subject outside of school. However, I have different opinion.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The main role of a university professor is to educate students rather than to do research.Universities are places where foundations of academic study are cultivated and it is no question that professors play an important role in the education quality at the university. Among the tasks that professorsundertake every day, researching and teaching activities take up most of their time. Some people would say that professors should focus more on teaching than research. I disagree. I believe that in order to enrich the learning experience of college students, a professor should focus a significant amount of time on his or her research.Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvement for the quality of people's lives have already taken place.The development of science and technology has always accompanied the progress of human society. The 21st century has seen leaps and bounds advancement of science and technology, making people’s lives more and more efficient and convenient. Some people are wondering whether science and technology will keep on improving. As for me, I believe many significant innovations will continue to occur since human civilization is motivated and propelled by the progress of science and technology.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? An effective leader should try to make others feel that they are part of the decision making process.Leaders play a profound role in the success of a group. Due to this, the strategy of a leader is at the frontline of public debate. So there is a controversy whether effective leaders should let group members feel they participated in the process of decision making or not. From my point of view, good leaders should try to make group members feel they are part of the process of decision making. My reasons and examples listed below will strengthen my point.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Newspapers and magazines are the best ways to learn about a foreign country.With the increasing development of technology, we now have the ability to acquire much information from foreign media sources. Because we can learn much about events happening in other countries from the mass media, such as magazines and newspapers, many people may think that reading magazines and newspapers is thebest way to learn about a foreign country. However, I believe that only reading magazines and newspapers as a way of learning about a foreign country has several limitations.练习：Young people today are more likely to help others than in the past.Your job will have more effect on your happiness than the social life does.写好主题句：文：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums andconcert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds.To begin with, compared with art facilities, recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds are much more essential to people’s daily life.Secondly, art facilities are generally much more expensive to establish.Furthermore, once a museum or a concert hall is established, it usually charges a high admission fee in order to sustain its daily operation and to fund ambitious projects or performances.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? there is never good resaon to be impolite(rude) to another person.First, in dealing relationships with family and friend, people need to be polite and considerate.Second, in a working environment, one needs to obey the basic social norms of courtesy for interpersonal communication.Third, in the political realm and entertainment industry, celebrities need to show a gracious and friendly manner in order to maintain a positive image.练习：Young people today are more likely to help others than in the past.Your job will have more effect on your happiness than the social life does.一．教育类素材思路09年5月30日(10年11月21日）Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Younger school children (ages 5-10) should be required to study art and music in addition to math language, science and history.Nowadays, more and more parents treat art and music as compulsory subjects to children because parents believe they can help cultivate creativeness. However, I hold a negative attitude toward this opinion due to the fact that art and music cost too much money and are not necessary to help children get to success.Admittedly, learning art and music have some minor advantages. They can make students more creative and this will benefit students in the future. For example, a businessman inspired by art and music may create a way of selling his commodities. However, art and music are not the only way of being creative. In fact, some subjects such as math, chemistry and physics also contribute greatly to our creativeness.First, learning art and music is quite costly. If schools have art and music classes, they need to equip themselves with a great deal of instruments, brushes and pigments, all of which need lots of money and therefore, schools will ask students to pay more money. Only in that way can a school afford the costs. Take my school for example. Before we were required to study art and music, we only need to pay about 150 yuan a month. However, when we were required to study them, the school fees soar to 400 yuan. This made parents felt upset and angry because they thought the school had no reason to increase school fees. In the end, itmade the school unaffordable and few parents wanted to pay the extra tuitions. As a result, our school’s educational quality decreased at an unbelievable rate. Obviously, it is not advisable to require children to study art and music.In addition, learning art and music does not necessarily lead students to success. A mathematician who has no time to study art can finally obtain great achievement and contribute a lot to science; a business people who only desires money can finally become wealthy and famous in his field; an athlete who treat art and music as boring stuffs can finally stand on the top of the podium and be respected by people all over the world. All of the above demonstrate the fact that knowledge from art and music is indeed not so necessary for students’ future careers.From the foregoing discussion, requiring children to study art and music can help children cultivate creativeness to some extent, but the disadvantages are of more importance. Instead, I suggest the art and music courses can be optional courses for young school children. (418 words)09年11月7日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To achieve successful development of a country, a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education rather than on universities’. Whether a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education than on universities? The answer is yes. I concede that university education now mostly relies on government’s budget. However, early education needs more money to guarantee good quality of education and school facilitates.Children aged from 5-18 are at the most crucial stage of intelligence development, so they deserve better educators. According to a latest research result reported by China Children Health Fund (CCHF), a child’s intelligence develops mostly from five to eighteen, so commonly, excellent educators are required in people’s early ages. Besides, the training and educating of a well-qualified teacher in primary school or secondary school are often quite costly, and they need to be paid a relatively high salary, for example, over 1000 dollars per month. As the number of teachers in primary school and secondary school increases, young children education becomes unaffordable for most parents and as a result, government should pay more to subsidizethe early education.Young children education also needs good school facilitates, which cost governments a great amount of money. The chief minister in Treasury announced that they spent 3% fiscal income, as much as 500 million dollars, on primary education, but that is not enough. It is because children desire a complete set of school facilitates, such as playgrounds, canteens, laboratories, libraries and dormitories which are so expensive. For example, a school library equipped with advanced computers costs at least 100 thousand dollars; a dormitory building serving meals and laundries costs at least 150 thousand dollars. Since early education is compulsory for everyone in my country, the government has to pay much more to set up school facilitates.Admittedly, university education does need money. Usually, salaries of university professors are high and the schooling instruments are costly. However, college education should mainly rely on donations from social organizations, large corporations and accomplished alumni, which relieve much financial pressure of governments. What’s more, considered as the elites’education, college career is optional for people, so it is reasonable for colleges to charge a comparatively high tuition fee to students anticipating universities.To conclude, although universities need budgets to build campuses, remodel laboratories and refill libraries, many social organizations, companies and individuals can raise fund for them. The government, with limited budget splitting to many fields, should put priority to young children’s schooling in terms of education. (426 words)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The benefits that students can get from student organization or club activities are as many as that they can get from their academic studies.Presently, universities in China often go to extremes by laying too much emphasis on the academic studies while ignoring the importance of extracurricular activities like student organizations and club activities, which is, so far as I'm concerned, rather ill-considered. As a matter of fact, in my observation, student organizations and club activities benefit students equally as the academic studies, and the reasons are manifold.To begin with, student organizations and club activities provide students with a valuable platform to enlarge their social circles. By participating the clubs and organizations, students are more likely to meet people sharing the common interest with them, and establishlong-lasting friendship. Take my own experience as an example; my enthusiasm for English brought me to the English corner in our university weekly, where I met a group of students who were equally passionate for English, even though they were not majoring in this area. The casual chat with them opened a new window for me, and I was greatly enlightened and refreshed by those friends, who have now constituted an inseparable and valued part of my life.In addition, the experience in the student organizations and club activities will be particularly instrumental for you if you want to acquire leadership and organizational skills. The real participation in the organization of clubs and associations will oftentimes indicate frequent communication with different people, the coordination of different groups, as well as some minor technical problems like the design of posters and websites. Though seemingly troublesome or even trivial sometimes, all these will benefit you in the long run. I have witnessed many friends who have earned desirable positions in the job hunting due to their rich experience in student organizations and club activities.Finally, taking part in the student organizations and club activities will also help students pursue their interests. Oftentimes, the academic studies are just boring and possibly a far cry from the student's own interest, whereas the participation of club activities can reignite their passion and offer a stage for them to pursue their love. It oncehappened in my university that a student majoring in Japanese won the top prize for software design, which was really very surprising. The reason for his success lies in his participation in the computer club which provides him with the chance to indulge in his interest.Therefore, considering all these factors, it is only fair to conclude that student organizations and club activities are indeed equally beneficial to students as the academic studies.教育类基本词汇教育类高级词汇作业：2010.2.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:High school students should take a course on basic economics.2010.3.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:If child want to do well in school, parents should limit the hours of watching TV programs or movies.2009.4.3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salaries.二．政府类素材思路：2011.4.9 大陆=2009.9.19北美约等于2008.5.10It’s more important for the government to spend money to build art museums and music performance centerthan to build recreational facilities (such as swimming pool, playgrounds).An important function of the government is to build public facilities to enrich the material and spiritual life of its citizens. Whether the government should put priority on art museums and concert halls or spend money on entertaining places like playgrounds is a debate being discussed. In my view, building art museums and concert halls has more value than recreational facilities.Admittedly, recreational facilities can enrich the way people spend their holidays. For Example, Universal Studio in Los Angles have many fancy cartoon cosplays, thrilling rollercoaster and 3-dimension movies. I can still remember the day when I went there with my best friends, all about laughter and happiness. However, entertainment costs money, and the primary function of the government is not to entertain people and make profits from it. Many corporations and affluent individuals can invest money on those luxury buildings and equipments, so the government should put more budgets on cultural facilities.Moreover, art museums or concert halls can enhance the culture environment of the region or even the whole country. If the government cherishes the cultural heritage and encourage people to go to galleriesand concerts by lowering the fees or even making it free, people will be immersed in this art atmosphere and try their best to preserve it. For example, in Vienna, where the beauty Sydney Opera House stands, people regard music as an indispensible part of their daily life. It is not exaggerating to say every Viennese is a musician, and we can see people discuss the symphony of Bach in the bar or cafe on the street.In addition, if the government builds elaborate art museums and concert halls, they can become the symbol of a city and boost tourism. By attracting a large population of tourists, the whole economy of a region or a country will boom accordingly. Not only the entrance tickets but also the other domains, such as the catering and hotel industry, can bring large profits. For example, Paris allures millions of tourists every year, and one k ey reason is people’s yearning for the grand Louvre Palace to admire the most brilliant artistic works in the world . As an art lover, one important purpose of my New York travel was to visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and I bought some souvenirs there. Hence, the money that governments spend on art museums and concert halls will be paid back by the visitors.In conclusion, although entertainment is a crucial aspect of people’s life and provides them a vehicle to release stress in present society, thecultural investment can pacify human’s soul to a more profound extend. Regarding the functions of the government and potential benefits cultural facilities can bring, it is wiser to use the funds in art museums and concert halls.政府类词汇：作业：2010.1.30Do you agree that the government should support the scientific resear ch even there’s no practical use？2009.8.29Do you agree or disagree that the governments should focus more on preserving the natural environments, less on the economic development.三．环保类素材思路：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Economic growth seems to be more important than environmental concerns.Presently, governments are going to extremes by laying too much emphasis on the economic growth while neglecting the importance of environmental protection, which, so far as I'm concerned, is rather ill-considered. In fact the importance of environmental protection, in my observation, is at least equal to, if not outweighs that of economic growth.To begin with, it is people's well-being instead of the economy which should be prioritized in the government's administration. It is now increasingly clear that the income rise does not guarantee a happy life. The short-sighted pursuit for economic development is sacrificing the environment around us, and will yield in turn the hazard to human beings themselves. For instance, in my hometown, the municipal government allowed and protected two enterprises featured by heavy pollution in the pursuit of the short-term interest, which instantly brought forth severe air pollution, water pollution, and solid waste pollution, substantially jeopardizing people's health. In my observation, nearly 80 percent of the fellow townspeople complain that they are not leading a happy life. Hence, it is unadvisable to sacrifice the environment and devoid the citizens of happy lives.In addition, the economic development based on the over exploitation of the environment can't be sustainable. Taking the large-scale furniture enterprise in my hometown as an example, a large number of trees flanking the Yangtze River Dam were slashed down to supply lumber for the company. Though the temporary demand of that company is satisfied, it is foreseeable that should this demand emerge again in the short term, there would not be ample lumber supply available, for it takes decades for the trees to recover to its former lushness.Finally, the ignorance of environmental concerns will also likely elicit social problems, and ignite social unrest, which is not uncommon in China. According to the recent news report, the citizens of Ningbo furiously demonstrated against the government's shadowy plan to initiate a heavily polluting project, and strong dissatisfaction against the government was vented. If not taken properly, it might lead to social unrest and greatly hinder the social stability, which is definitely not the desirable outcome for the administrators.Therefore, considering all these factors, it is fair to conclude that governments should refrain from neglecting the environmental concerns while driving economic growth. If not, the price will be too heavy for them to afford.环保类词汇：作业：2009.6.5Do you agree or disagree that the most important thing that government can do in improving health care is to clean the environment.四．媒体类素材思路：2009.9.11It is only worth watching movies that can teach us something about reallife, agree or disagree.Many people nowadays are crazy about cartoon films and fantasy movies while some people are only fond of movies that can teach us something about real life. In my opinion, although movies teaching something in reality are worth watching, it is unfair to say that they are the only meaningful movies. Cartoon films and fantasy movies are another two kinds of movies that worth watching.Admittedly, people really benefit from movies that teach us something about real life. For instance, a boy overwhelmed by a sense of despair may turn to be positive about his life after watching the movie Forrest Gump, since he may be deeply moved by the plot that no matter how hard the life is, Gump just keeps running forward. However, it is inappropriate to assert that those movies are the only ones worth watching.Cartoon films are worth watching, for they give us a good way to relax. For one thing, the appearances of cartoon images are always quite funny. For example, a bunny may have two extremely long ears and its teeth are often amazingly big; a bird may be soaring with two tiny wings and a huge mouth. These animated images can easily make people laugh. For another, the fancy frames in animation are also enjoyable.Commonly, children are attracted and cheered by an exquisite 3-dimensional wedding room or a palace in animated movies. So, I am convinced that people really relax by watching cartoon films.Fantasy movies are also worth watching, for they allow us to think of new ideas. Take the famous fantasy movie Alice's Adventures in Wonderland for example. In this movie, cats can fly in the air and then suddenly disappear; a girl can become a giant in a second after drinking a special potion; poker cards can become trained soldiers with wizard’s spells. Fantasy movies help progress our thinking and inspire people to solve problems with new method in daily life, so they are also worthy of watching.As far as I am concerned, it is absurd to believe that it is only worth watching movies that can teach us something about real life. As another two important art forms, cartoons and fancy movies are equally important to our lives and should be given adequate respect. (381 words)2010.1.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits. Many experts have warned us against some diseases caused by unhealthy eating habits, and then some people attribute those inappropriate habits to commercials. Although I concede that advertising is one of the factors accounting for people’s unhealthy eating habits, it’s too exaggerated to say that advertising is the only reason, because there are another two elements that can not be neglected.Admittedly, advertising may be a cause of unhealthy eating habits, for the advertisements of junk foods are often designed quite tempting in order to attract buyers. For example, the commercial of KFC is typically a combination of melodious music, fancy pictures and a slogan of “We do chicken right”, luring people to purchase the unhealthy food. However, it is an overstatement to assert that advertising is the only reason since the two following reasons exist.Heavy workload keeps people from having their meals regularly, which is considered as one of unhealthy eating habits. Nowadays, people have to work really hard to survive in the highly competitive society, so they barely have time to sit at the table and have dinners. Take a businessman for example. He may keep working for over 8 hours a dayto get all his work done and have no time for lunch. Consequently, he only has one meal a day. It is definitely an unhealthy eating habit, which result from too much business and a long working time.Besides, the so-called junk foods, such as fried chicken, cheese burgers and cola, are indeed more delicious, especially for children. Commonly, fried chicken wings are usually spicy and crisp compared with the blend and mild taste of steamed chicken wings, so it is easy to understand why those junk foods can soon become popular among young children. However, the fried wings, corns and chips are too oily, containing excessive fat and even some poisonous ingredients, all of which do harm to people’s health. So I believe the special taste and flavor explain why people love those unhealthy foods.In sum, it is inappropriate to reckon that advertising is the only cause of unhealthy eating habit because heavy workload and good taste of junk foods are another two reasons. I hope everyone can say no to the junk foods, reduce working hours and enjoy a more healthy life. (384 words)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People can learn more from watching television than by reading books.Presently, a growing number of people opt to take television as the prime source to attain knowledge, which, so far as I'm concerned, is rather ill-considered. As a matter of fact, it is by reading books that people really understand the world and themselves.To begin with, the information provided by the television is oftentimes prone to be superficial, and gravely lacking in profundity. It is true that the speculators will know what has happened, but when it comes to the reasons behind it, they are often ignorant. It should be said that televisions are informative instead of incisive. A good book, as a matter of fact, not only describes and presents the facts and phenomena, but also digs into them and unfolds what we have often neglected and taken for granted. For instance, the book Oracle Bones written by Peter Hessler, unveils a China which most Chinese are unfamiliar with, stimulating us to rethink our past and present, which is very meaningful and oftentimes impossible to be achieved through television.In addition, the programs provided by the television are oftentimes meant to entertain instead of to inform. Take the popular dating program If You Are the One as an example, most people watch it purely for a laugh, for the appreciation of the beautiful women, or forthe different methods used by men to woo their future partners. On the whole, the purpose behind it is not serious, and the possibility that people can learn much from it borders on zero.Finally, the census of televisions in China is also considerably stricter than books, leaving out plenty of valuable information which might appear sensitive to the audience. After all, contrary to the private nature of books, the watching of televisions is more or less a public event, which will elicit more attention from the census bureau. Comparatively speaking, books enjoy a greater freedom to voice their sometimes rebellious observations. For instance, Cultural Revolution is seldom dealt with in China's televisions, but it has been discussed very extensively in the books, and people reading those books can actually learn a great deal more than through televisions.Therefore, considering all these factors, it is fair to conclude that compared with televisions, books are a more important source of knowledge.作业：2009.10.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Movies and televisions should always show audience good people are being rewarded and bad people are being punished.2009.2.14 (TPO 19)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:In order to become well-informed, one has to get information from different news resources.五. 科技类素材思路：08年11月8日（10年4月24日）Some scientists are responsible for the negative impacts that made by their discoveries.It sounds ridiculous that scientists should be responsible for the negative impacts of their discoveries in my opinion. The science is indeed neutraland innocent. In this circumstance, the scientists just do what they ought to. Admittedly, the scientists should consider the possible negative impacts brought by their discoveries and warn us against the negative impacts when they do the researches. However, the two horrible consequences will unavoidably follow if we require that the scientists should have the responsibility of the negative impacts of their discoveries.If the scientists are blamed or even punished for the negative effects caused by their discoveries, they will probably hesitate to continue any scientific research beneficial to human beings. Let’s take robots for example. Robots help us a lot in fulfilling tasks in some extremely tough environmental conditions, such as exploring the deep sea. However, robots may also hurt people when they are out of control. So, we have to realize that science is actually a double-bladed sword. Whether it is a curse or a blessing depends on what we use it for and how we use it. The main job of scientists is to create and invent new items, but not to consider all the detrimental effects of their discoveries. Being responsible for the harmful effects of the scientific innovation really impedes the progress of science.Moreover, some misanthropes and warmongers easily make excuses for。

托福点题班讲义--写作 (3)

CONTENTS独立写作 (3)1.1家长往往会不赞成孩子的老师的教育方式，这很正常，也许家长不把意见表达出来会比较好（超级小范围）Most of the parents at some times find disapproval of the ways teachers are teaching their children. It's not suggested for the parents to express their disapproval to the teachers. Do you agree?（利弊） (3)1.2应该不应该在工作和学习的地方，规定穿衣服的样式！ (7)1.3 A/D: If people are on vocation (holiday), they should leave their mobile phones athome.（利弊） (10)1.4 A/D: Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 monthsa year studying. （利弊） (12)2.1说小朋友课后作业和活动是否应该规定?还是让小朋友自己选择做什么? (15)2.2 Should school focus more on purchasing new equipment or recruiting goodteachers?(利弊+比较) (18)2.3 During an economic crisis, governments usually reduce spending on certain publicservices. (21)2.4 选大学，是选将来能找到好工作的，还是有好教授的大学（利弊+比较） (23)2.5 Some students prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous smallassignments, whereas others prefer to have their final grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do you prefer and why?（利弊+比较） (27)3.1 People are buying things not because they need them but because other people havethem.（现象） (31)4.1 A/D: The food we eat today is much healthier than in the past. （超级小范围）（现象+比较） (32)4.2 同意不同意：It is easier to be a success in the past than it is today. 过去比现在更容易成功。

2010年托福冲刺班写作讲义(全)

2010年TOEFL冲刺班写作讲义主讲：戴云一、强化班内容回顾（PDF）二、句子写作1、句子表达假如你经常和外国人交流，你就会了解到很多国外的风俗习惯，开阔你的视野。

Y ou will know more about foreign customs as well as foreign habits and your horizon will be broadened, if you often communicate with foreigners.Y ou will know more about foreign customs and habits, and you can broaden your horizon as well, if you often\frequently communicate with foreigners.和同学们一起去旅游是个交朋友的好机会。

Traveling with classmates provides a good opportunity to make friends.有的父母根本不知道如何教育孩子，不是合格的老师。

Some parents are not qualified teachers, for they do not know how to educate their children at all.每天都有很多车在小区周围的道路上行驶，对行人的安全造成巨大的威胁。

There are many cars running on the streets around the community every day, which poses a gigantic threat to the safety of the people walking around/passers-by.大公司里面的能人很多，可以教我们学习科学技术知识，促进自己的成长，有利于自己的事业的发展。

托福综合写作讲义-202X年学习资料

托福综合写作讲义-202X年学习资料TOEFL Integrated Writing Lecture Notes - Study Materials for 202XIntroduction:- Welcome to the TOEFL Integrated Writing Lecture. Today, we will discuss the key strategies and techniques to improve your performance in the TOEFL Integrated Writing section.- The Integrated Writing section requires you to read a passage and listen to a lecture on a particular topic. You will then need to write an essay summarizing the main points from both sources and provide your opinion.- This section assesses your ability to read, listen, and writein English, as well as your critical thinking and analytical skills.Understanding the Prompt:- Before you start writing, it is crucial to understand the prompt fully. Read the passage and listen to the lecture carefully.- Identify the main topic or issue discussed in both the passage and the lecture. Highlight the key points and arguments presented in each source.- Pay attention to any contrasting or supporting ideas between the passage and the lecture. Take notes to help you structure your essay.Organizing Your Essay:第1页/共4页- Start your essay with an introduction that briefly summarizes the topic and introduces your opinion. State whether you agree or disagree with the main ideas presented.- In the body paragraphs, discuss the main points from the passage and the lecture. Use specific examples and references from both sources to support your arguments.- Present contrasting or supporting ideas in separate paragraphs. Clearly indicate which source supports or opposes a particular point.- Use transitional phrases to guide your reader through the essay and make it easy to follow your ideas.- Finally, end your essay with a conclusion that restates your opinion and summarizes the main points from the passage and the lecture.Writing Style and Grammar:- In the TOEFL Integrated Writing section, it is essential to demonstrate your English language skills. Pay attention to your writing style, grammar, and vocabulary.- Avoid simple or repetitive sentences. Use a variety of sentence structures to showcase your language proficiency.- Ensure that your grammar is accurate. Avoid spelling mistakes and punctuation errors.- Use academic vocabulary and phrases to express your ideas effectively. This will enhance the overall quality of your essay.Time Management:- Time management is crucial in the TOEFL Integrated Writing section. Plan your time wisely to allocate sufficient time for reading, listening, and writing.- Use the available time to read the passage carefully and take notes. Then, listen to the lecture attentively and compare it with the main points from the passage.- Allocate enough time to outline your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure a coherent structure.- Reserve ample time to write your essay. This includes drafting, revising, and editing.- Remember to leave a few minutes at the end to review your essay for any grammar or spelling mistakes.Practice and Feedback:- Practice is key to improving your performance in the TOEFL Integrated Writing section. Familiarize yourself with various topics, practice reading and listening skills, and write timed essays regularly.- Seek feedback on your essays from English teachers or native English speakers. They can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.- Review sample essays and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each. This will help you understand the scoring criteria and identify areas for improvement.- Focus on improving your ability to effectively summarize the main points from both the passage and the lecture, as well as providing clear and logical arguments in your essay.Conclusion:- The TOEFL Integrated Writing section may seem challenging at first, but with practice and the right strategies, you can improve your performance significantly.第3页/共4页- Remember to understand the prompt, organize your essay effectively, use proper grammar and vocabulary, manage your time wisely, and seek feedback to continually improve.- Good luck with your TOEFL Integrated Writing preparation, and remember to practice and stay confident!。

托福基础写作讲义

托福基础写作一、托福写作概述二、英汉两种语言的区别（一）、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。

linear way of thinking（二）、英汉句子结构的特点。

英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和, 重语义。

英语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。

10 Linking words cohesion1. conj.:1) and. but, or, so, while2) if, because, although,That, who, which, what, as---as more than, so--- that2. in this reason, in conclusion, for example3. however, unfortunately,Undeniably4. to make things worse5. generally speaking6. 同义词7. repetition8. this, it, that, those9. interesting to see10. what is more（三）英语多变化variety(diversity)，汉语多重复。

（四）英语被动句多。

汉语中主动句多。

三、中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误1. Nowadays, college student should learn competition and cooperation.2. The problem that is created by computers attract (draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give rise to) much attention.3. In present-day society, there are a great many young people go abroad.4. In my opinion, I think that smoking should be banned in public places.5. The computer can not instead the pivotal role played by teachers in education.6. Some people welcome raising pets, others hold different opinions.7. In large cities of China has many fast food shops.8. At college, we should learn as much knowledge as possible so that we can be well prepared for our future career.9. Some students are interested in play computer games.10. You really have two down sons.四、托福写作25分必备的100个意群词汇持某观点: claim ( assert, contendreckon deem share the belief that )支持某观点: advocate(maintain, welcome vote for side with be in favor of )反对某观点: contradict (oppose, object to, criticize, refute be against cast doubts on question, challenge)合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis)好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive(bright) side, upside, boon, pros, strength )弊端：disadvantage( harm, demerit, negative(dark) side, downside, bane, cons, weakness defect, flaw, drawback )肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that)不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable, pivotal)有益的：beneficial （conducive instrumental, rewarding ）有害的：detrimental （harmful virulent）有争议的：controversial (arguable, debatable disputable, contentious) 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal, pervasive, ubiquitous )显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably,Dramatically ,tremendously, substantially)明显的：evident (apparent, manifest，crystal-clear)16. 增强：enhance (strengthenboost)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势：trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见：predict （expect, project）21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to)22. 引起create （spark ; yield;; give rise to）23. 建立establish （found, institute）24. 要求call for （request，demand）25. 去除eliminate（remove, eradicate）26. 探讨explore (examine, identify)27. 描绘depict (portray, illustrate)28. 后果consequence( aftermath; outcome)29. 足够adequate （enough; sufficient）30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识awareness(consciousness)32. 控制curb ( regulate, censor)33. 解释：account for （be responsible for）34. 投资finance (invest in, subsidize)35. 缓解relieve ( ease, alleviate)36. 压力stress ( pressure, strain)37. 和谐harmony ( concordance)38. 继承inherit (hand down)39. 培养cultivate （train, foster）40. 促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41. 适应adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42. 提供provide (render, afford)43. 替代replace (substitute, take the place of)44. 保护preserve (protect)45. 证据evidence (proof)46. 赢得gain (acquire, attain)47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48. 灾难disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49. 发展advance (progress)50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51. 吸引attract (allure, tempt)52. 专注的be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to)53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54. 实现achieve (fulfill, implement)55. 危害endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56. 损害undermine (impair, damage)57. 阻碍hinder (obstruct, impede)58. 禁止forbid (ban, prohibit)59. 责备blame( denounce, criticize)60. 污染pollute (contaminate, stain)61. 腐蚀erode(wear away, corrode)62. 欺骗deceive (cheat, defraud)63. 冲突conflict ( shock, tension)64. 驱使prompt (spur, incite)贪婪的acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic)自私的self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)体谅的considerate (understanding, sympathetic) 冷漠的indifferent (apathetic, aloof)奢侈的wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)残忍的inhumane(brutal, barbaric)绝望的hopeless（despairing, desperate）过分的excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)激烈的intense (fierce, vigorous)严厉的stringent (rigorous, rigid)奇怪的eccentric (odd, peculiar)难以置信的unbelievable(incredulous, virtual)惊人的extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular)有抱负的ambitious（aggressive, aspirant）固有的inherent（nature, innate）稳定的steady (stable, constant)恶化worsen (aggravate, deteriorate)夸大exaggerate ( overstate)限制restrain (constrain, confine)拆除tear down（knock down, pull down）加速accelerate (speed up, precipitate)占优势predominate (dominate)分辨distinguish (differentiate, discern)抵消counteract (offset, cancel out)开展launch (conduct, carry out)颁布enact (enforce, promulgate )生活节奏pace of life(rhythm of life, tempo of life)影响influence(impact，pervade)差异difference (distinction, gap)交流communicate(exchange, associate)接触have access to （make contact with, keep in touch with）优先give priority to (put…into first place)节约economize ( conserve, cherish)参与participate in ( take part in, engage in)措施measure (step, action)注意beware ( prevent, guard against)五、“十大句式”在TOEFL写作考试中的应用是否非让它假装强调比较差（插）的原因？即：否：否定句；非：非限制性定语从句；让：让步句；它：it引导的句子；假：假设句；装：倒装句；强调：强调句；比较：比较句；差（插）：插入语；原因：原因句。

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